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Principles of Mass
Transfer
(CHAPTER 3)
Molecular Diffusion in Liquids

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Topic Outcomes

 It is expected that student will be able to:

 Apply the diffusivity coefficient of molecular
diffusion in liquids.
 Solve mathematical solution of molecular
diffusion in liquids.

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INTRODUCTION

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EQUIMOLAR COUNTER
DIFFUSION IN LIQUID

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AVERAGE MOLECULAR
WEIGHT

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 The average molecular weight M is mean

molecular weight of a mixture (kg/kmol,
lbm/lb-mole, etc.).
 If yi is the mole fraction of the component i of
the mixture and Mi is the molecular weight:
M  y1M1  y2M2  .....  yM i i
all component

 If xi is the mass fraction of the component i of

the mixture and Mi is the molecular weight:
1 x1 x2 xi
 
M M1 M2
 .....  
all component Mi

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DIFFUSION OF ‘A’ THROUGH

STAGNANT, NONDIFFUSING ‘B’

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NB =0 at toluene-
water interface

Where solute A is diffusing and solvent B is stagnant or nondiffusing.

Example: Dilute solution of propionic Acid (A) in water (B) being contact
with toluene.
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Example 6.3-1 (pg 429) Diffusion of

Ethanol (A) Through Water (B)
o An ethanol (A)- water (B) solution in the form of a
stagnant film 2.0 mm thick at 293 K is in contact at one
surface with an organic solvent in which ethanol is
soluble and water is insoluble. Hence, NB = 0. At point 1
the concentration of ethanol is 16.8 wt % and the
solution density ρ1 = 972.8 kg/m3. At point 2 the
concentration of ethanol is 6.8 wt % and ρ2 = 988.1
kg/m3 . The diffusivity of ethanol is 0.740 x 10-9 m2/s.
Calculate the steady-state flux NA. (Given MA = 46.05
kg/kg mol, MB = 18.02 kg/kg mol; basis: 100kg of
solution)
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How can chemistry affect

diffusivity?

Ethanol Water

Propionic
Acid
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DIFFUSIVITY IN LIQUIDS

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PREDICTION OF DIFFUSIVITY

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- Dilute solute in liquids

- Very large spherical molecule (A)
diffusing in liquid solvent (B) of a small
molecule
- Modified, arranged as alike molecule &
arranged in a cubic lattice
- Express molecular radius in terms of
molar volume
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- Applies for unhydrated and sphere-

like solute molecule of about ≥1000
MW or VA > 0.5 m3/kgmol i.e protein
(macromolecule)

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Applies
for Small
molecule

1.0 = other unassociated molecule

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Example 6.3-2 (pg 432) Prediction of

Liquid Diffusivity

o Predict the diffusion coefficient of acetone

(CH3COCH3) in water at 25oC and 50oC
using Wilke-Chang equation. The
experimental value is 1.28 x 10-9 m2/s at
25oC. (Given MB = 18.02 kg/kg mol;
association parameter for water, 2.6 m3/kg
mol)

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Atomic molar volume?

volume occupied by one mole of a substance
(chemical element or chemical compound) at a
given temperature and pressure
is the atomic property most directly related to
the van der Waals radius. It is the volume
"occupied" by an individual atom (or molecule).
The van der Waals volume may be calculated if
the van der Waals radii (and, for molecules, the
inter-atomic distances and angles) are known
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Class Assignment
o Predict the diffusion coefficient of
methanol (A) (CH3CH2OH) in water (B)
at 25oC using Wilke-Chang equation..
(Given MB = 18.02 kg/kg mol;
association parameter for water, 2.6
m3/kg mol)
o -solve the above problem using Stokes-
Einstein equation if solution viscosity is
1.6x10-5cm2/s
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Class assignment
o A methanol (A)- water (B) solution in the form of a
stagnant film 2.5 mm thick at 293 K is in contact at one
surface with an organic solvent in which ethanol is
soluble and water is insoluble. At point 1 the
concentration of ethanol is 20.0 wt % and the solution
density ρ1 = 980 kg/m3. At point 2 the concentration of
ethanol is 5.5 wt % and ρ2 = 990 kg/m3 . The diffusivity of
ethanol is 0.740 x 10-9 m2/s. Calculate the steady-state
flux NA.

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