Periodic Table

Periodic Table
• Visual representation of elements
– Organized by chemical and physical properties
• Each square represents a specific element
What you see on the Periodic Table
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
 Modern Periodic Table
Organized in Columns and Rows
• Columns → GROUPS
• Rows → PERIODS
 Groups in Periodic Table
The Columns
• Elements in same groups = same number of
valence electrons
– Groups are also called families
• Valence electron → electrons found in the last
orbital!
• Elements in same group → similar properties
 Periods in Periodic Table
The Rows
• Elements in same period= same number of
orbitals /energy shells
• The number of orbitals also illustrate the
overall size of the element
– An element in period 2 is smaller than an element
in period 6, since it has only two orbitals while the
latter has 6
• The three main categories of elements in
periodic table
– Metals
– Non-Metals
– Metalloids
• Metalloids separate the Metals from the Non-
Metals
Category of Elements in Periodic Table
1. Metals
– Found on the left of the staircase
– Main properties:
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Conduct heat and electricity
• Shiny
• In solid state at room temp. (**except Hg)
• React with acids
– Groups 1A, 2A, 3A and transition metals
2. Non-Metals
– Found on the right of the staircase
– Main properties(opposite of Metals!):
• Not-malleable
• Non-ductile (fragile/breakable)
• Poor conductor of heat and electricity
• Dull
• Found in all three states of matter at room temp.
– Groups 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A
3. Metalloids
– Found on the staircase
– Have characteristics of both metals and non-
metals
– B (boron), Si (silicon), Ge (germanium), As (arsenic), Sb
(antimony), Te (tellurium), Po (polonium), At (astatine)
 Alkali Metals

IA
IIA
Alkaline Earth

about)
Transition Metals (which we won’t worry

Boron Gr.
Carbon Gr.
Nitrogen Gr.
Chalcogens
Halogens
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

Noble Gases
VIIIA
 Groups/Families in Periodic Table
• Alkali Metals
– Group 1
– Extremely reactive; violent reactions in water
– Must be stored in oil; reacts quickly with air

Li
K
**Note**

• Although hydrogen (H) is placed on top of

Gr1A, it is not part of the alkali metals

• It technically doesn’t fit in any group

H, forming nebula

H, in plasma state
• Alkaline Earth Metals
– Group 2
– Reactive, less than Alkali Metals
• Can be exposed to oxygen

Mg

Ca
 • Halogens
– Group 7
– Form salts when react with metals
– Only group which has elements in gas, solid and
liquid state at room temperature
– All toxic

Cl
I

Br
The Noble Gases
 • Noble Gases/Inert Gases
– Group 8
– All in Gas form at room temperature
– Never found in a compound
• Orbitals are full and are stable

Ar

Kr
He
 Families Not Mentioned in Detail
• Boron Group = Group 3
• Carbon Group = Group 4
• Nitrogen Group = Group 5
• Oxygen Group = Group 6 (may see as called by
chalogens)
Alternative forms of Periodic Table
Alternative forms of Periodic Table
Alternative forms of Periodic Table