INTRODUCTION

The Philippines is one of the countries in the Asia pacific located along the typhoon belt
and Pacific Ring of fire. The geographical position of the country makes it vulnerable to different
calamities and tectonic disturbances. In 2013, Typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Typhoon
Yolanda), one of the deadliest disasters to ever hit the Philippines, recorded 26 million people
affected and took at least 8,000 lives. In the same year, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake left Central
Visayas with 150 casualties, and several historical churches were damaged. The intensity is almost
equivalent to "32 Hiroshima bombs" (Sodium, PAGASA). These calamities imposed great fear on
the country, leading to the erection of structures with high resistance to natural hazards.

According to A. Oreta (2006), life-threatening damages in existing structures can still

occur despite the incorporation of special provisions for new buildings in terms of earthquake-
resistant design since the revisions on structural codes are limited only to designing new buildings
and provisions do not include conservation of existing buildings.

In 2017, a study showed the difference in the provision of seismic analysis and design of
structure under NSCP 1992 and 2010 in applying to the design of the Multi-Story Public School
Building. The study concluded that NSCP 2010 was more conservative and cautious in terms of
safety and structural integrity of school building compared to previous building codes (Garrote &
Ilumin, 2017). In terms of wind provision, NSCP 2001 requires 200 km/h for Zone 2, whereas, in
NCSP 2015, the essential wind speed requirement was 255km/h for the same location. In line with
the given codes, it proves that wind load requirement increases from time to time, depending on
recorded data before the establishment of codes.
The changes in provision pose significant hazards to existing structures. Historic structures
such as Gabaldon schools are not exempted from this hazard, for they were built during the
American regime, way before the constitution of the latest structural codes. This study aims to
address the effects of additional loadings that are not included in the original design and far
different engineering construction methods and techniques.
Bahay Kubo or Nipa hut is an indigenous and traditional culture of the Philippines. It is
characterized by bamboo walls and nipa leaves for its roof, similar to the design of a Gabaldon
schoolhouse. Isauro Gabaldon, one of the country's first legislators, who wrote Act No. 1801 or
the Gabaldon Law in which it allocates the construction of these buildings for public schools
nationwide. Architect William Parsons designed the buildings with a 7x9 meter high ceiling for
proper ventilation and lighting, resembling a nipa hut. These structures are constructed throughout
the country and considered valuable cultural property mandated by the National heritage act of
2009 (RA 10066). The subject of the study is a Gabaldon building, located in Central Malolos
Integrated school. Wherein the said heritage is protected under the Republic Act No. 11194 or the
Gabaldon School Buildings Conservation Act that restricts its alteration, modification, and
demolition. The Gabaldon legacy continues in line with the government's effort to prioritizes its
conservation.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to analyze the Gabaldon building of Central Malolos Integrated School
(CMIS) located in Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Malolos, Bulacan using structural modeling. Specifically,
it will seek to answer the following questions:
1. How compliant are the houses to the Earthquake loads (Chapter 2: Minimum Design
Loads, Sec. 208) in the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015)?
2. Considering the Gabaldon building as an educational facility, is it stable in its present
condition?
3. What primitive methods might have contributed to the structure’s stability for it to still
stand today?

OBJECTIVES

1. To analyze the structure, taking the material condition into account, with its compliance on the
latest National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015) in terms of Minimum Design
Loads.

2. To determine the seismic response of the structure given a representative earthquake time
history.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be beneficial to the following:
 To the Local Government Unit of the City of Malolos, Bulacan – The result of this
research will provide the local government some additional guidelines in assessing
commercial/institutional buildings. These safety measures will be beneficial for the
community using the school premises.
 To the students of Central Malolos Integrated School – Safety is everyone's
responsibility. The present condition of the building with regards to its integrity is one of
the many factors to be considered if the facility is still fit for use.
 To the Barangay Unit of Sto. Rosario, City of Malolos, Bulacan -Improper management
and maintenance of public buildings may result in accidents. The data present in this
study will help them to identify the facilities that require immediate restoration or
reconstruction.
 To the Future Researchers – For them to expand their knowledge in structural analysis by
revised structural codes and assessment of building using structural modeling and time
history analysis.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study focuses on the determination of the structure's compliance with the minimum
design live and dead load based on the requirements for the concrete design of the National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 by structural modeling. Moreover, the research will be
using time history analysis for different seismic intensities for the past ten years.

The study will not cover the structure's compliance in other aspects other than the said
loads. Only structural modeling and time history analysis will be used for the assessment of the
building.