DISEÑO DE PUENTES DE

CONCRETO ARMADO
Profesor:
M.Sc. Ing. Alfredo Manchego Meza

Septiembre de 2019

PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS DE DISEÑO

ESTRUCTURAL

NORMA DE DISEÑO DE PUENTES

 EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INGENIERÍA Y LOS MATERIALES

The Starrucca
Viaduct near
Lanesboro,
Pennsylvania, was
built in 1848 by the
Erie Railway.

At the time of its

construction, it was
the largest stone
arch rail viaduct in
the United States.
The bridge has
The Pont du Gard Aqueduct, Nimes, France, was built been in continual
by Romans 40–60 A.D. The lower arches were use for more than
widened in 1743 to accommodate a road bridge. 160 years

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 EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INGENIERÍA Y LOS MATERIALES

Spanning one of the world’s most spectacular channels,

the bridge is internationally renowned as a superb
structural and aesthetic example of suspension bridge
design.

The Brooklyn Bridge was built 1869–1883 by John The Golden Gate Bridge was built across mouth of San
and Washington Roebling spanning the East River Francisco Bay from 1933–1937 by design engineer Charles
from Manhattan to Brooklyn, New York. Ellis and chief engineer Joseph Strauss.
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 EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INGENIERÍA Y LOS MATERIALES

The Rogue River

Bridge spans the
mouth of the river on
the Oregon Coast
Highway near Gold
Beach, Oregon, and
was built 1930–1932.

The bridge is the first

reinforced concrete
arch span built in the
United States using
the Freyssinet
The Tunkhannock Creek Viaduct near Nicholson, method of
Pennsylvania, was built in 1915 for the Lackawanna prestressing the arch
Railroad. It is 2375 feet long and 240 feet high. The ribs.
viaduct is the largest concrete bridge in the United
States.

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 EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INGENIERÍA Y LOS MATERIALES

The Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge was completed in
October, 2010, and was the first concrete-steel
composite arch bridge (concrete for the arch and
columns and steel for the roadway deck) built in the
United States.
The bridge crossing the broad valley of the Mosel
River in southern Germany is a good example of tall
tapered piers with thin constant-depth girders that
give a pleasing appearance when viewed obliquely
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 INGENIERÍA DE PUENTES - PERÚ

PUENTE BOLOGNESI PIURA PUENTE AGUAYTIA UCAYALI

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 INGENIERÍA DE PUENTES - PERÚ

PUENTE YANANGO JUNÍN PUENTE SICUANI CUSCO

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 INGENIERÍA DE PUENTES - PERÚ

PUENTE CIRIALO CUSCO PUENTE SAN FRANCISCO – SAN MARTÍN

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 INGENIERÍA DE PUENTES - PERÚ

PUENTE YANANGO JUNÍN

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 INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

In this course, the emphasis is on the engineering aspects of this process: selection of bridge type,
analysis of load effects, resistance of cross sections, and conformance with bridge specifications

A bridge is a key element in a

transportation system for three
reasons:

 It likely controls the capacity.

 It is the highest cost per mile.

 If the bridge fails, the system

fails.

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 INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Beam bridges are the oldest and simplest bridge design consisting of vertical piers and horizontal
beams - e.g. just a simple plank or stone slab. They are suitable only for short spans but can used for
larger crossings by adding additional piers.

Forces: As the bridge is loaded, by traffic for example, the beam bends which causes the top surface to
be compressed and the bottom surface to be stretched or put in tension.

Advantages: they are easy to build and inexpensive relative to other bridge types so are very common.

Disadvantages: they have a limited span and do not allow large boats or vehicles to pass underneath.

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 INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

The truss bridge consists of an assembly of triangles. Truss bridges are

commonly made from a series of straight, steel bars. Rigid arms extend
from both sides of two piers. Diagonal steel tubes, projecting from the top
and bottom of each pier, hold the arms in place. The arms that project
toward the middle are only supported on one side, like really strong diving
boards. These "diving boards," called cantilever arms, support a third,
central span.

Truss Bridges are structures built up by jointing together lengths of material to form an open framework
- based mainly on triangles because of their rigidity. They are very strong and can support heavy loads.

Forces: As with a Beam Bridge the top of a loaded truss is placed in compression and bottom in tension.
These forces are shared among the angled members.

Advantages: They are very strong and make efficient use of materials.

Disadvantages: They are more complex to construct and need a high level of maintenance

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INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Arch bridges have abutments at each end. The weight of the bridge is
thrust into the abutments at either side. These bridges uses arch as a main
structural component (arch is always located below the bridge, never above
it). They are made with one or more hinges, depending of what kind of load
and stress forces they must endure.
The arch bridge has great natural strength. Thousands of years ago,
Romans built arches out of stone. Today, most arch bridges are made of
steel or concrete, and they can span up to 800 feet. They are often chosen
for their strength and appearance.
Forces: the compressive forces created by the load are transferred down
through the arch and resisted by the supports, or abutments, at its base.
Abutment support prevents the arch spreading under load.
Advantages: they are very strong and can be built from a wide range of
materials.
Disadvantages: limited spans unless multiple arches (or viaducts) are used
and uneconomical use of materials.
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INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Suspension bridges main elements are a pair of main

suspension cables stretching over two towers and
attached at each end to an anchor buried deep in the
ground. Smaller vertical suspender cables are attached to
the main cables to support the deck below.

Forces: any load applied to the bridge is transformed into

a tension in the main cables which have to be firmly
anchored to resist it.

Advantages: strong and can span long distances such

as across rivers.

Disadvantages: expensive and complex to build.

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 SPECIFICATIONS AND BRIDGE FAILURES

Evolución de las Especificaciones de Diseño

 1934 : 1era Especificación AASHO

Evolución en las Especificaciones
Estandar AASHTO (SLD y LFD) y
algunos documentos con inconsistencias

 1994 : Factor de Diseño por Resistencia

y Carga (LRFD)

 1998 : 2°da edición del LRFD

 2004 : 3°era edición del LRFD

 2007 : 4°ta edición del LRFD

 2010 : 5°ta edición del LRFD

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 IMPLICATION OF BRIDGE FAILURES ON PRACTICE

In some cases, new information on

the performance of bridges was
generated by a bridge failure.

A number of lessons have been

learned from bridge failures that have
resulted in revisions to the standard
specifications.

For example, changes were made to

the seismic provisions after the 1971
San Fernando earthquake.

Collapse of 18-Span Fuka Viaduct Hanshin Expressway 1995

Kobe Earthquake
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IMPLICATION OF BRIDGE FAILURES ON PRACTICE

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IMPLICATION OF BRIDGE FAILURES ON PRACTICE

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 IMPLICATION OF BRIDGE FAILURES ON PRACTICE – TAREA N°01

1. Objetivo

Implicancia de las fallas estructurales de puentes en la generación y actualización de los códigos de

diseño.

2. Alcance

Seleccionar, como mínimo, casos de fallas en puentes y que estos hayan permitido obtener
conclusiones importantes. Lecciones aprendidas que permiten mejorar nuestros códigos de análisis,
diseño y construcción de puentes.

3. Presentación

La presentación del trabajo consistirá en un Informe, el cual deberá ser entregado en formato físico y
digital. El desarrollo contará con una estructura básica: descripción técnica de la estructura en análisis;
causa de colapso; y su efecto en la práctica ingenieril.

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 BRIDGE AESTHETICS

If we recognize that the conceptual design of a bridge begins in the mind, we only need now to
convince ourselves that the design we conceive in our mind is inherently beautiful. It is our nature to
desire things that are lovely and appeal to our senses.

When an engineer is comparing the

merits of alternative designs, some
factors are more important than others.

The conventional order of priorities in

bridge design is:

Safety, Economy, Serviceability,

Constructability, and so on. Somewhere
down this list is aesthetics.

“Love of beauty is the cause of everything good that exists on earth and in heaven. (Plato)”
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MAIN STRUCTURE COINCIDES WITH THE DECK LINE

Girder bridges of all types are

included in this category.

Examples include:

Slab (solid and voided), T-beam

(cast-inplace), I-beam (precast or
prestressed), wide-flange beam
(composite and noncomposite),
concrete box (cast-in-place and
segmental, prestressed), steel
box (orthotropic deck), and steel
plate girder (straight and
haunched) bridges.

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MAIN STRUCTURE COINCIDES WITH THE DECK LINE

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COMPONENTES DE UN PUENTE TIPO VIGA

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