KNOWLEDGE OF TOURISM IN FRANCE

By :

Anak Agung Ngurah Wira Kusuma 1715834076

Estelle Giet 1915991001

PROGRAM STUDI D4 MANAJEMEN BISNIS PARIWISATA

JURUSAN PARIWISATA

POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI

2019

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 PREFACE

Thank God we pray to the presence of God Almighty, who has provided physical
and spiritual health and guidance and strength to the author so that the paper entitled
“KNOWLEDGE OF FRANCE TOURISM" can be completed, although there are
still many shortcomings and suggestions that the author is expected better in the
future.

This paper is compiled and made based on our observation and aims to increase
knowledge and insight into learning. And also can understand the basic values
reflected in thinking and acting. Hopefully by studying this paper, readers will be
able to understand about tourism in france, starting from their geography,
demography, society, culture, tourism object, and tourism facilities.

Denpasar, 01 May 2019

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 Table of Contents
PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... ii

Chapter 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................1

Background ........................................................................................................1
Problem Formulation ..........................................................................................2
Purpose ...............................................................................................................2
Chapter 2. Theory ..............................................................................................................3

Tourism ..............................................................................................................3
Definition of Tourism .................................................................................3
Kinds of Tourism........................................................................................4
Tourism Destination ...........................................................................................7
Definition of Tourism Destination ..............................................................7
Component of Tourism Destination ...........................................................7
Chapter 3. Discussion ........................................................................................................9

France .................................................................................................................9
France in General .......................................................................................9
Geography ..................................................................................................9
Currency ...................................................................................................12
Society ......................................................................................................12
Accessibility .............................................................................................15
Tourism Facilities .....................................................................................19
Tourism Attraction ...................................................................................25
French Cuisine..........................................................................................50
Souvenir and Handicraft ...........................................................................54
Itinerary ....................................................................................................60
Chapter 4. Conclusion and Suggestion .............................................................................66

Conclusion .......................................................................................................66
Suggestion ........................................................................................................67
Reference List ..................................................................................................................68

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 Chapter 1.
Introduction
Background
Tourism is an important activity in international phenomena. The number of
tourists traveling across borders is increasing year by year, from as many as 25
million tourists in 1950 to 1.326 million in 2012. As time goes by, the need for
travelers to travel varies, such as 52% for entertainment, 27 % for health, family
visits, religious needs, 14% for business visits, and other interests as much as 7%
(UNWTO, 2013). More varied tourism destinations have increased the interest of
countries in the world to develop tourism activities. So from that competition to
attract foreign tourists is even greater. The state uses their respective domestic
advantages in developing tourism activities as one of the economic strategies.

In tourism, France managed to maintain its position as the most visited

country in the world since 1990. In the 1990s, when the United States as the second
country with the largest number of inbound tourism managed to attract 43 million
visitors, France was able to bring in 60,033,000 visitors. Ten years later, that
number jumped to 74,988,000 (World Bank, 2013). France's ability as the country
with the largest number of visitors in the world can survive until now, regardless of
the tourism development of developing countries such as China, and the position of
the United States as a Super Power country and the American Dreams concept
promoted by the film industry.

Since 1997 the number of international visitors coming to France has

exceeded the population in the country. One example, in 2012 France managed to
bring in 83,018,000 tourists (BBC, 2013). This is amazing because France only has
64,285,510 residents (World Population Review, 2013). However, the development
of tourism in France does not always run perfectly. In 2008 France experienced a
decline in the number of tourists who came from 80,853,000 in 2007 to 79,218,000
at the end of 2008 and declined again to 76,764,000 in 2009.

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 France's success in attracting tourists in fantastic numbers is an interesting
topic to study. This is because: First, the second, third and so on positions always
change fluctuatifely because of the tight competition of countries that develop
tourism. Proven from 1997 to 2012, China's position can shift the UK from the top
five, even in the last 3 years China ranked third in the world. Secondly, France is
surrounded by other developed countries such as Germany, Spain, Italy and the
United Kingdom that have conditions of infrastructure, economy, accommodation
and tourist attractions that are not much different, but in fact France is always
superior to neighboring countries even with differences significant number. Third,
international conditions are always colored by various global issues such as security
issues, the spread of diseases like H1N1, to economic crises that can affect the
motivation of travelers to travel. But in addition to these various obstacles France
managed to maintain performance and even increase the success of inbound
tourism.

Problem Formulation
1. What is the geographical condition of the French country?
2. What is the condition of the society of France?]
3. What is the culture of France?
4. What is the France tourism attraction?

Purpose
1. To find out the geographical conditions of the France
2. To find out the condition of the society of France
3. To find out the culture of France
4. To find out the France tourism attraction

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 2 Chapter 2.
Theory
Tourism
Definition of Tourism
Here are some definition of tourism according to expert :

a. According to the of Robert McIntosh along the Oka A.Yoeti Shaskinant

Gupta (1992: 8) was a combination of symptoms and the relationships
arising from the interaction of tourists, business, government and
community host host in the process attract and serve tourists and other
visitors.
b. According H.Kodhyat (1983: 4) was as follows: Tourism was traveling
from one place to another, temporary, done individually or in groups, in
an effort to seek a balance or a harmony and the happiness to the
environment in the social, cultural, natural and the science.
c. In the opinion of James J. Spillane (1982: 20) argues that tourism is an
activity to travel in order to get pleasure, find satisfaction, knowing
something, improve health, enjoy sports or a rest, to fulfill the task,
pilgrimages and others.
d. According to World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism defined
as comprising ‘the activities of persons travelling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.” The
UNWTO is the United Nations agency responsible for the ‘promotion
of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.’1 Today,
tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world, the
key reasons being the socio-economic progress within our society and
the inter-connectedness of the world we live in
e. According to Indonesia Law of Tourism Number 10 of 2009. Tourism
shall mean many type of tour activities and supported by many facilities

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 and services provided by the community, businessmen, government,
and regional government.

Kinds of Tourism
According to Spillane (1982:29-31) there are 6 kinds of tourism based on
the motive of travel destination. They are pleasure tourism, recreational tourism,
cultural tourism, sports tourism, business tourism and convention tourism. The
definitions are as follows:

1. Pleasure tourism
Pleasure tourism is for people to holiday, get some fresh air, fulfill
the curiousity, relax the muscles, look at something new, enjoy the
beautiful scenery, get information about folk tale and quiteness.
2. Recreational tourism
Recreational tourism is using for relaxing minds, recovering the
physical and spiritual fitness, refreshing the fatigue and exhaustion.
This type of tourism can be done at the destination like the foreshore,
mountain, health center or resort. Tourism has recognized that many
visitors specifically attracted by recreational offerings. In support of
recreational activities government has taken an important role in a
creation, maintenance, and organization and whole industries have
developed merchandise or service.
3. Cultural tourism
This type is signed by a set of motivation, such as studying at
research center, learning the mores, foundation, and the different
way of life of the society, visiting the historical monument, the
artifacts of the past, culture and religion center music festival,
theater, folk dance, etc.
4. Sports tourism
This tourism is divided into two as follows :

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 a. Big sports event is the biggest sport events like Olympiade
Games, World Ski Championship, Boxing Championship
and other events to attract the visitors or fans.
b. b. Sporting tourism of the Practitioners is sport tourism for
people who wants to learn and practice by themselves like
climbing the mountain, riding the horses, hunting, fishing,
etc.
5. Business tourism
According to the experts, this tourism is kind of professional travel
or travel because it is related to the job or position of someone who
cannot changed to choose the purpose or the time.
6. Convention tourism
This tourism is the most choosen by the countries because when a
convention or a meeting is held, so the visitiors will come more than
before to stay along in that country. The most visitable country will
build the supporting building for convention tourism.

In the other point of view, Suwantoro (2004:14-17) is concluded that there

are some kinds of tourism from the several aspects :

1. The first aspect is based on amount of visitors

a. Individual tour is a tour which conducted by an individual or
a spouse. Many of people who choose this tour to explore the
new experience of themselves.
b. Family group tour is a tour which conducted by a group of
family, friends or siblings. Generally, family tour is chosen
by the people to spent their time usually on the weekend or
a celebration.
c. Group tour is a tour of a group and led by one tour leader.
The participants who join this tour, they cannot out of plan
because they are tied up of the itinerary.
2. The second aspect is based on the regulatory aspect :

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 a. Pre-arranged tour is a tour which have been arranged before
the day
b. Package tour is a tourism product which sells by the travel
agent or by tour guide. This package tour also called ready
made package tour.
c. Special arranged tour is a tour with special arrangement to
fulfill the tourist demand. The travel agent usually called it
tailor made package tour.
d. Optional tour is an additional tour based on the tourist
demand.
3. The third aspect is based on purpose of tourism :
a. Holiday tour is a tour which held and followed by the
members to holiday, pleasure and entertains.
b. Familiarization tour is a tour to know more about the area of
job relation.
c. Educational tour is a tour to make a figure, comparison
study, or knowledge about the job area which have been
visited.
d. Scientific tour is a tour to get the knowledge or investigating
a science.
e. Pilgrimage tour is a tour to fulfill the religous worship.
f. Special mission tour is tour to fill the particular vacant.
g. Hunting tour is a tour to organize the animals hunts allowed.
4. The fourth aspect is based on tourism implementation :
a. Excursion is a short tour with less than 24 hours distance to
visit one or more tourism destination.
b. Safari tour is a special tour with special equipments to visit
the planned destination or out of the plan
c. Cruize tour is a tour by using a cruise line to visit the marine
tourism objects and land tourism object.
d. Youth tour is a special tour for teenagers based on thier ages.

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 e. Marine tour is visiting a tourism object especially to watch
the beautiful ocean, wreck diving with the complete
equiments.

Tourism Destination
Definition of Tourism Destination
Tourist Area or Destination when viewed in terms of the word structure
consists of two words basic, namely Regions and also Tourism. According to
the Large Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) fourth edition (2008), each definition
of the words above is as follows; Regions are certain areas that have certain
characteristics, such as residence, shops, industry, while for tourism, namely
traveling together (to expand knowledge, have fun). And if the two definitions
of the word are combined, the Tourism Destination can interpreted as a certain
area that has the characteristic as a destination traveling together, both to expand
knowledge or have fun and so on.

According to Indonesia Law of Tourism No.10 of 2009, Tourism

destination area, hereinafter referred to as Tourism Destination shall mean the
geographical area in one or more administrative regions containing the tourist
attractiveness, public facilities, tourism facilities, accessibility, as well as the
community that are correlated and complementary to each other to materialize
the tourism affairs.

Component of Tourism Destination

The main elements of Tourism Destination usually called 4A’ include:

1) Attractions
Attraction is the center of the tourism industry. Attractions can arise
from natural conditions, man-made objects, or elements and cultural
events.
2) Amenities
This facility means providing services and providing the facilities
needed by tourists. Facilities and services that must be provided

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 include service facilities for daily needs, to stay, where to eat and
drink, security and so on concerning the needs of tourists. One thing
that must be considered in relation to staying, should the lodging
concept be adapted to the local culture so that the Wiatawan can truly
enjoy life and local culture.
3) Accessibility.
Accessibility is the ease to reach to move from one place to another
place from one region. In tourism activities it is only possible to
develop with modern technology especially in the fields of
transportation and communication. This transportation is very
important to help tourists, deliver from their place of origin or place
of lodging to tourism objects. However, this transportation user
depends on the distance and communication needs between the place
where a visit starts to be visited. (Nyoman S.Pendit, 1986: 21).
4) Accommodation
Providing accommodation or a place to stay is one of the important
facilities for tourists. Accommodation is a second home for tourists
visiting tourist attractions for the purpose of staying.
Accommodation facilities become a very important requirement for
the existence of a tourist attraction.

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 3 Chapter 3.
Discussion
France
France in General
France is a country of Western Europe, has medieval cities, alpine villages
and beaches. Paris, its capital, is famous for its fashion houses, its museums of
classical art, including the Louvre, and its monuments such as the Eiffel Tower.
The country is also famous for its wines and refined cuisine. The rock paintings of
the Lascaux caves, the Roman theatre of Lyon and the immense Château de
Versailles bear witness to its rich history

What are the symbols of france?

1. The tricolour flag, blue, white, red

2. The national anthem: La Marseillaise
3. The motto "Freedom, equality, fraternity"Marianne - it is the symbol of the
French Republic
4. The rooster - it is the symbol of the Gauls
5. The logo of the republic

Geography

Picture 3.1 France Geography

1. Location and Borders

France is composed of its metropolitan territory located in Western Europe
and a collection of overseas islands and territories located on other

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 continents. The French often refer to metropolitan France as the “Hexagon”
because of its shape. Three of the Hexagon’s six sides are bounded by
water—the English Channel and North Sea on the northwest, the Atlantic
Ocean and Bay of Biscay on the west, and the Mediterranean Sea on the
southeast. The remaining sides, mostly mountainous, abut Spain and
Andorra in the southwest, Belgium and Luxembourg in the northeast, and
Germany, Switzerland, and Italy in the east. The United Kingdom, to the
northwest, is now linked to France via the Channel Tunnel, which passes
underneath the English Channel.
2. Topography
France features mostly coastal lowlands, flat plains, and gently rolling hills
in the north and west. South-central France has hilly uplands. Mountainous
and hilly areas lie on nearly all of France’s borders, creating a series of
natural boundaries. Only the nation’s northeastern border is largely exposed.
The two principal mountain chains are the Pyrenees, which form the border
with Spain, and the Alps, which form most of the border with Switzerland
and Italy. The Pyrenees are a formidable barrier because of the absence of
low passes and the chain’s elevation—several summits exceed 3,000
meters. The French Alps, at the western end of the European Alpine chain,
are also high, with elevations of 3,500 meters, but are broken by several
important river valleys, including the Rhône, Isère, and Durance, providing
access to Switzerland and Italy. The Jura range on the Swiss border is a
lower and less rugged component of the Alpine chain. In the Alps near the
Italian and Swiss borders is Western Europe’s highest point—Mont Blanc,
at 4,810 meters. The country’s lowest point is the Rhône River delta, at two
meters below sea level.
3. Natural Resources
France’s most valuable natural asset is its rich agricultural land. High-
quality soils cover almost half the country’s surface, giving France an
agricultural surplus that makes it an exporter of food. The country’s varied
physiography, with beaches, rivers, forests, and mountains, is a draw for the

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 tourism industry. France is not well endowed with indigenous energy
supplies or other mineral resources. Hydroelectric production, although well
developed, is inadequate to France’s needs.
4. Climate
France’s climate is generally temperate and well suited to agriculture, with
major variations: the oceanic and Mediterranean climates. The oceanic
climate prevails throughout much of the country, especially in the north and
west, where westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean bring mild and moist
conditions. These winds produce cool summers, mild winters with little
snow and frost, and year-round rainfall, which usually falls as slow, steady
drizzle. Paris, for example, receives 650 millimeters of precipitation
annually, with rain occurring an average of 188 days each year. The average
daily temperature range in Paris is 1°C to 6°C in January and 13°C to 24°C
in July. The Mediterranean climate brings much warmer winters and hot,
dry summers along the southern coast.
5. Timezone
France lies in one time zone, which is one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean
Time (GMT+1). The country observes daylight saving time. As a
comparison, the time difference between France and Bali is 6 hours in
summer and 7 hours in winter. When it is midday in Paris in summer, it is
already 6pm in Bali. Bali is located in the time zone UTC/GMT+8 all year
round. However, despite no change in time zone, as France observes
summer time, the time difference between Bali and France changes all year
round, as can be seen in the detail of the time shift in 2019 below:
a. From Tuesday 1 January 2019 to Sunday 31 March 2019: +7h delay
winter time in France (UTC+)
b. From Sunday 31 March 2019 to Sunday 27 October 2019: +6h
summer time difference in France (UTC+2)
c. From Sunday 27 October 2019 to Tuesday 31 December 2019: +7h
delay winter time in France (UTC+1)

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 Currency
The euro (€) is the currency of France, it is common to 19 Member States
of the European Union which thus form the euro zone. The euro is the second largest
currency in the world for the amount of transactions, behind the US dollar and ahead
of the Chinese Yun. In Bali 1 Euro is equal to 15 832,82 Indonesian rupiah.

Society
1. Population
France is made up of different nationalities such as: 89% French (native),
4.4% French (naturalized), 6.2% non-citizens, 8.9% foreign-born (North
Africans, Africans, Other Europeans, Asians, Turks, Americans) and
different religions such as 51% Christian, 40% irreligious, 6% Muslim, 1%
Jewish, 2% other faiths.
On 1 January 2019, the number of people living in France was estimated at
67.19 million, including 65 million in metropolitan France and 2.2 million
in the overseas departments and regions. Metropolitan France is expected to
see its population grow by another 9 million people over the next 40 years,
placing the country's population around 72 million by 2050. To reach this
projection, fertility rates will need to stay about the same, mortality will
need to decrease, and net migration will need to remain about 100,000
annually.With its population growing despite decreases in many of its
neighboring countries, France is finally back in the race to be the most
populous country in Europe. By 2050, it's expected that Germany will have
just 70-74 million (compared to 2012's 82 million), while Britain's
population will be about 73 million, compared to today's 63 million.
2. Ethnic Groups and Languages
The French are all persons who individually enjoy French nationality and
collectively France as a sovereign territory, a people or a free nation. Since
the beginning of the 20th century, most French people have spoken French
as their mother tongue, but some languages such as Alsatian, Breton,
Norman, Occitan, Auvergne, Corsican, Basque, French Flemish or Creole
are still spoken in some regions. French derived from the vernacular Latin

12
spoken by the Romans in Gaul. Historically, French served as the
international language of diplomacy, and it remains a unifying force in parts
of the world, chiefly, Africa.

France is the most ethnically diverse country of Europe. A crossroads since

prehistoric times, the country’s “historic populations” were a blend of
European ethnic stocks, Celtic (Gallic and Breton), Aquitanian (related to
Basque), Latin, and Germanic. Over the past 200 years, France has been
unusual among European states in periodically attracting large-scale
immigration. In the nineteenth century, the new populations that arrived
forebears of 40 percent of today’s inhabitants included southern Europeans,
Belgians, Poles, Armenians, East European and Maghrebi Jews, Maghrebi
Arabs and Berbers, sub-Saharan Africans, and Chinese. After World War
II, large- scale immigration to France initially came mainly from southern
Europe and subsequently from France’s former colonial possessions,
especially North Africa. Other ethnic minorities from the French colonial
empire apart from North African Muslims are the Indochinese and
francophone sub-Saharan Africans.

Among European countries, France has the largest number of people of

Muslim origin, perhaps 5–6 million, although some estimate only 2.6
million. The exact number of Muslims of different national origins living in
France is not known, because the state does not collect religious or ethnic
census data. The Muslim presence in France is of an earlier date than
Muslim communities in Germany and the United Kingdom. More than 1
million Muslims immigrated in the 1960s and early 1970s from North
Africa, especially Algeria.
France’s last census figures—for 1999—showed 4.33 million foreign
nationals living in France, and every year a further 140,000 enter using legal
channels, overwhelmingly family reunification. In addition, some 90,000
are believed to enter illegally every year, mainly by overstaying on short-

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 term visas. The government believes there are between 200,000 and 400,000
“sans-papiers”—literally, “paperless ones.” Resisting calls to regularize
their situation, the government has recently toughened its stance on
immigration, for example, increasing the number of deportations, as well as
the number of people refused asylum. In 2006 the government expects to
make 26,000 repatriations.
3. Religion
Between 83 percent and 90 percent of the French population is Roman
Catholic and only 2 percent Protestant. The rate of religious practice among
the nominally Catholic population is very low. France also has a Jewish
minority of about 1 percent, a Muslim minority of 5–10 percent, and about
4 percent unaffiliated. France’s Muslim population is the largest in Europe.

France lacks official statistics on religion, a fact that reflects the country’s
commitment to the religious neutrality of the state, or laïcité, considered
necessary for religious freedom. Faced with antidemocratic pressures from
the Catholic Church in the early decades of the Third Republic, France
promulgated a law in 1905 calling for the strict separation of church and
state. The government has since reaffirmed this law, with, for example, a
controversial March 2004 bill that banned the display of all conspicuous
religious symbols in public schools. This ban targeted in particular the
wearing of headscarves by Muslim girls in public schools. The government
maintains that the wearing of religious symbols threatens the country’s
secular identity, while others contend that the ban on symbols curtails
religious freedom.

France currently seeks to encourage the emergence of a “French Islam.” In

2002 the government set up the French Council for the Islamic Faith based
on the model of the Consistoire for Jews created in 1808. The government
also has called on private divinity schools to train tolerant homegrown
imams who can compete with more militant foreign imams. At present,

14
 fewer than 20 percent of France’s approximately 1,600 imams have French
citizenship, only a third speak French with ease, and half of those who
receive regular pay receive it from foreign sources, mainly Algerian,
Moroccan, Turkish, and Saudi. Many imams work in unknown “backyard
mosques,” a concern for both security agencies and Muslim leaders.
4. Occupation
More than 75% of the French now work in the tertiary sector, in fact out of
the 25.8 million "occupied" French people, more than three-quarters work
in the tertiary sector, while Industry now represents only 13.9% of jobs,
construction 6.6% and agriculture 2.8%.
The share of the tertiary sector in total employment in France has increased
by 22 points over the last four decades. On the other hand, the share of
industry fell by almost half over the same period (-13 points), particularly
as a result of the strong expansion of the tertiary sector; agriculture and
construction lost 7 and 3 points respectively.
In France, nearly a third of occupied French people work in the fields of
public administration, education, human health and social work.

Accessibility
1. How to get there from Bali
To get to France from Bali, there is at least one stopover in Shanghai,
Singapore, Bangkok, or Kuala Lumpur. On average, it takes between 17
and 25 flight hours. All flights to France depart from Ngurah Rai
International Airport and land at Paris Roissy Charles de Gaules
International Airport
Here are the companies that serve Bali from France: KLM, Emirates,
Quatar Airways, Air France, Singapore Airlines, China Eastern, Cathay
Pacific, Korean Air, China Southern, Thai Airways, EVA Air, ANA,
China Airlines.
2. Documents required to travel to France
A foreigner who wishes to come to France for a private or family visit
of less than 3 months must present proof of accommodation. This

15
 document, called a reception certificate, is drawn up by the person who
will receive it at home during the stay in France. The request is made at
the town hall. The certificate is issued if the host meets certain
conditions. In the event of refusal, appeals are possible.

Schengen short-stay visa (foreigner in France for a maximum of 3

months): To be able to enter and stay in France for up to 3 months, a
foreigner must normally have a so-called "short-stay" visa. This
"uniform" visa is common to all Schengen States. It allows you to stay
in France and in the other Schengen countries, except in exceptional
cases. You must also have other documents that vary according to the
purpose of the stay.

Long-stay visa (stay of 4 months to 1 year): To enter and stay in France

for more than 3 months, a foreigner must hold a long-stay visa. This visa
is granted by the French consular authorities. It is most often issued for
study, work or family reasons. Several types of long-stay visas exist
depending on the reason for the stay, its duration and the intention to
apply for a residence permit to settle permanently in France.

A European foreigner can move and reside freely in France. This right
of free movement and residence for up to 3 months is granted to you
regardless of the reason for your stay: tourism, internship, short-term
employment, etc. As a citizen of a country of the European Economic
Area, the foreigner has the right to stay in France for more than 3
months. He is not required to have a residence permit but may apply for
it. He must meet certain conditions during the first 5 years of his stay.
After 5 years spent in France, legally and continuously, he has the right
of permanent residence (without conditions).
3. Airport

16
France, as a well-known tourist country, has developed a wide range of
international airports.
It counts 34 of them, with the airports in Paris (Orly and Charles de
Gaulle as those with the biggest traffic). However, in case you’re
planning a ski holiday or visit to some smaller and less known places in
the country, you should consider using some of the smaller airports like
Nice or Toulouse.
a. Paris Charles de Gaulle - (CDG) - (~ 69 Mio. passengers)
Charles de Gaulle is the country’s biggest international airport
and the main hub of the Air France airline. The airport is situated
25 km northeast of the French capital. Getting to and from the
airport is fast and easy. For its good connection to both other
French regions but also international cities, this airport might be
a right choice for you.
b. Paris Orly Airport - (ORY) - (~ 32 Mio. passengers)
As an alternative to the CDG airport, you can use the Paris’
smaller airport situated 13 km south of the city centre. It is the
country’s busiest airport regarding the domestic traffic and
second busiest in international traffic. The airport is well-linked
to the city centre.
c. Bordeaux Mérignac Airport - (BOD) - (~ 6 Mio. passengers)
Situated in south-western France, the airport is only 12 km west
of Bordeaux. It mainly operates flights to metropolitan and resort
destinations in Europe and Northern Africa. It is the sixth
bussiest airport of France. You can reach city centre by shuttle
or by local transportation.
d. Beauvais Tillé Airport - (BVA) - (~ 4 Mio. passengers)
Also known as Paris Beauvais airport, it is located a bit further
than 85 km northwest of Paris. It is mainly used by charter and
low-cost airlines like Ryanair, Wizzair, etc.
e. Lyon Saint-Exupéry Airport - (LYS) - (~ 10 Mio. passengers)

17
 The LYS airport belongs to the third biggest city in France,
Lyon. It is an important transport facilitys for the Auvergne-
Rhône-Alpes region situated 20 km southeast of Lyon city
centre.
f. Marseille Provence Airport - (MRS) - (~ 9 Mio. passengers)
The Marseille Provence Airport is located 27 km northwest of
Marseille. It is country’s biggest French airport according to the
number of passengers and the third largest by cargo traffic. Since
September 2006, the airport also operates low-budget flights like
Easyjet, Ryanair and Volotea. Getting to and from the airport is
easy and cheap.
g. Nantes Airport - (NTE) - (~ 5 Mio. passengers)
The international airport serving Nantes is located 8 km
southwest of the city, in Bouguenais. It’s the largest airport in
the western France. It serves as a hub to Volotea and Transavia
France. Check how to reach the city center from the airport.
h. Nice Côte d’Azur Airport - (NCE) - (~ 13 Mio. passengers)
The NCE airport is only 6 km southwest of Nice and the third
bussiest airport in the country. It is a hub of Air France and
operating base for Easyjet. The airport is well-connected to the
city. It is the most convenient airport for people visiting Côte
d’Azur. Also, due to its vicinity of Monaco, it also serves as the
city-state’s airport linked to the city by helicopter service.
i. Mulhouse Airport - (BSL) - (~ 7 Mio. passengers)
The Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg Airport is a French international
airport situated 3.5 km northwest of Basel, Switzerland, 20 km
away from Mulhouse, France and 45 km south of Freiburg,
Germany. For its location and proximity to international borders,
it serves as a base for many airlines including Easyjet, Belair,
Air Berlin and operates flights to many European metropolitan

18
 and leisure destinations. Check how to get to the city center from
the airport.
j. Toulouse Blagnac Airport - (TLS) - (~ 9 Mio. passengers)
The airport of the Occitanie region’s capital Toulouse is located
approximately 7 km northwest of the city centre and partially in
Blagnac. The transport from the airport to the city is fast and
affordable. This airport is the best option for tourists visiting
Andorra or Lourdes.

Tourism Facilities
1. Transportation
The Paris public transport system is run by RATP and consists of the
Métro (underground), Tram, RER suburban express train (which
interconnects with the Métro inside Paris), bus and Noctilien (night bus).
Paris and its suburbs divide into 6 zones.
Zones 1 and 2 cover the city center and ALL Métro lines. RATP tickets
and passes are valid on the Métro, tram, buses and RER. The Métro
alone is very efficient and will take you anywhere you need to go within
Paris city limits, and sometimes slightly beyond. Buses are less reliable
but still offer a good service. Smoking is not allowed.
a. On the Métro, one ticket is good for any destination, even if the
station is beyond Paris city limits. Transfers are permitted
(including with connecting RER lines).

Picture 3.2 France Transportation (Metro)

19
 b. On the RER, one ticket is good only within Paris. Transfers are
permitted, including with connecting Metro lines. To go beyond
Paris city limits, you need to buy a special ticket for your chosen
destination.

Picture 3.3 France Transportation (RER)

c. On the bus, transfers (bus/bus or bus/tram) are also permitted for

up to 1 hour 30 minutes (from first to last check-in). Between 1
a.m. and 5.30 a.m., while the Métro is closed, Noctambus lines
may be used 7 days a week. A special fare will apply.

For many French people, the car remains the most common means of
transport used to travel. French roads are considered the best and best
maintained in the world. Apart from the highly developed motorway
network, the secondary network composed of national and departmental
roads is also of very good quality, and has one definite advantage: it is
free.
France also benefits from an extensive rail network. It is an economical
way to travel. The train allows you to travel to all the cities of France.
The plane also allows travel between some major cities. France extends
over 1000 kilometers from North to South and from East to West, the
plane is undoubtedly the most efficient means for long distances. The
bus offers attractive prices to connect the major cities of France. It is an
economic transport. In cities, metros and trams allow you to travel
within a city.

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2. Hotel
a. Hôtel Sofitel Paris
Hôtel Sofitel Paris Arc de Triomphe is a 5-star hotel ideally located
near the Champs Elysées, between the Arc de Triomphe and Parc
Monceau in the capital of Paris.
It is a hotel with a Haussmann facade and contemporary design,
which appeals to customers for both business trips and family
weekends.

Picture 3.4 Hotel Sofitel in Paris

It has 124 contemporary rooms and suites and a restaurant called

"Les Cocottes Arc de Triomphe" by Chef Christian Constant, this
restaurant offers a chic and authentic bistro cuisine with dishes
prepared and presented in casseroles. Hotel Sofitel is committed to
sustainable development with PLANET 21: Nature, carbon,
innovation, local development, employment and dialogue are all
areas in which the hotel operates on a daily basis.

b. Hotel Pullman Paris.

Hôtel Pullman Paris Tour Eiffel, is a 4-star hotel located at the foot
of the Eiffel Tower. With 430 rooms, perfect for leisure or business
travellers, the Pullman Paris Eiffel Tower offers 23 modular spaces
to host private or professional events. It also has a bar and a
restaurant, named FRAME, a brasserie in the colours of street art,
with a menu based on fresh produce from the hotel's organic

21
 vegetable garden, hives and henhouse. Recipes from France,
California and Mexico are combined with spicy accents in a kitchen
open from noon to 11pm.

Picture 3.5 Hotel Pullman in Paris

c. Shangri-La Hotel Paris,

Hong Kong-based Shangri-La Hotels and resorts, one of the world’s
premier hotel companies, currently own and manages more than 90
hotels under the Shangri-La brands with a room inventory of over
37.000.
With its name and philosophy inspired by the fictional paradise in
James Hilton 1930’s novel “Lost Horizon”, Shangri-La Hotels are
internationally renowned for their very special “Hospitality from the
heart”
Shangri-La Hotel, Paris is centrally located in the 16th
arrondissement of Paris, just minutes from the place des etats-Unis,
the Place d’lena and the Place du Trocadero, on the Chaillot Hill,
opposite the Eiffel Tower. The Triangle d’Or, the Champs-Elysees,
and a myriad of luxury boutiques and museums are also just a
stone’s throw away.

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 Picture 3.6 Shangri-La Hotel in Paris

Shangri-La Hotel, Paris offers 100 rooms including 37 suites. As

with the rest of hotel, Richard Martinet directed the architectural
renovation and Pierre-Yves Rochon designed the interior style at
times “Empire”, at times “Luxury minimalist”, at times a stunning
mix of both. Some of the rooms and suites have access to a balcony
and offer stunning views of the city, the Eiffel Tower and the River
Seine.
With a classical French style and elegant tones of blue, gold and
cream, each room preserves the charm of a high-class private
Parisian residence.
For business or leisure, our dedicated and experienced staff caters to
the needs of guests with an extensive range of services and facilities.
Facilities : Fitness Centre, Broadband Internet Access and Wireless
Internet in Public Areas, Conference Facilities, Facilities for the
Physically Challenged, Hospitality Lounge, Non-smoking Rooms,
Parking, Safe Deposit Box, Services, Shoeshine Service, Butler
Laundry and Valet Service, Postal / Courier Service, Babysitting /
Child Care, Airport Transfer, Car Rental Service, Taxi & Limousine
Service, Travel Agency / Tour Desk, Food and Beverage, 24-hour
Room Service, 3 Restaurants and 1 Bar.
3. Restaurant
France has a wide variety of places to dine with different offerings, price
ranges and atmospheres. This can lead to some confusion, however, if

23
you’re hungry and not sure where to go if you’re looking for a multi-
course meal or just a casual bite to eat.
a. Café
The French café is so ingrained in the country’s reputation that
you can hardly imagine France without it. Cafés are often casual
neighborhood hangouts but can also have trendier atmospheres.
They mainly serve coffee, of course, as well as tea, hot chocolate
and light snacks such as toasted sandwiches. Cafes are usually
open from morning (roughly 7 am) until evening. Unlike some
other establishments in France, cafés do not close mid-day.
b. Bistro
bistros generally offer a casual atmosphere and reasonably-
priced, simple fare. They are very popular destinations and so
tend to get crowded, but beyond their cramped quarters bistros
offer a sampling of some of France’s favourite culinary staples.
Many bistros also sell tobacco, lottery tickets and scratch-off
games. They tend to be open only during meal hours, meaning
from around 11:30 am- 2:00 pm for lunch and 7:30 pm- 11:00
pm for dinner.
c. Brasserie
Closely identifiable with pub restaurants, brasseries serve
traditional French food, coffee and drinks at moderate prices.
They offer a wider food selection than bistros and tend to be
bustling and serving food all day long, from morning until late
at night. As brasserie means “brewery” in French, you can
expect a beer and wine selection that will satisfy true
aficionados.
d. Bouchon
While traveling in Lyon, you will undoubtedly encounter the
city’s typical bouchons serving the region’s traditional
specialties, which tend to be meat-heavy dishes such as sausage,

24
 duck pâté and pork. Bouchons are known more for their
convivial, lively atmospheres than refined haute cusine, but a
hearty meal is guaranteed, usually accompanied by a glass of
Beaujolais or Côtes-du-Rhône. Expect opening hours to coincide
with meal times (see above).
e. Restaurant
For a traditional multi-course meal in France, restaurants are
your best bet. Most will offer a wide selection of dishes on a
prix-fixe menu (with some combination of appetizer, entrée and
dessert) as well as an à la carte option. Wine choices and higher-
end service are also often emphasized in restaurants. And like
bistros, restaurants are usually open only during meal hours and
you may find that many are closed on Sundays or Mondays.
f. Auberge
For a rustic family-style meal, an auberge attached to a rural bed-
and-breakfast or hotel serves up cuisine that will hit the spot, and
an auberge terroir uses certified local ingredients. In both cases,
a table d’hôte with limited options is usually offered. Since they
are often attached to bed and breakfasts or hotels, auberges will
also offer accommodations to their visitors.

Tourism Attraction
As a tourist destination, of course France has a variety of attractions that can
be enjoyed by tourists, attractions that can be enjoyed can be classified into 3
categories, cultural, natural, and special interest. Here are some tourist attractions
in France by category.

1. Cultural Attraction
a. Eiffel Tower.
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in
Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company
designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the entrance

25
to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's
leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global
cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the
world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world;
6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft)
tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure
in Paris. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first
and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above
the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the
European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the
first and second levels.
The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the
climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the
top level, it is usually accessible only by lift. The first floor: Located 57
metres above the ground, with an area of approximately 4,220 square
metres, it can accommodate the simultaneous presence of approximately
2,500 people. A circular gallery goes around the first floor and allows you
to enjoy a 360° view of Paris. This gallery is punctuated by several
orientation tables and telescopes allowing to observe the Parisian
monuments. Opposite the exterior are inscribed in gold letters the names of
seventy-two personalities from the scientific world of the 18th and 19th
centuries (Frenchmen who lived between 1789 and 1889). This first floor
houses the 58 Tour Eiffel restaurant, which extends over two levels. On one
side, it offers a very beautiful panoramic view of Paris, and on the other
side, a view of the inside of the tower. The second floor: Located 115 metres
above the ground, with an area of approximately 1,650 square metres, it can
accommodate the simultaneous presence of approximately 1,600 people. It
is from this floor that the view is best, the altitude being optimal compared
to the buildings below (on the third floor, they are less visible) and to the
general perspective (necessarily more limited to the first floor). Through the
floor, glass portholes were installed to provide a plunging view of the floor

26
below. Protective metal screens are present to prevent any attempt to jump
into the void, whether it is a suicide or a sporting exploit. The third floor:
Located 276.13 metres above the ground, with a surface area of 350 square
metres, it can accommodate the simultaneous presence of approximately
400 people. Access is mandatory by elevator (the stairs are closed to the
public from the second floor) and opens onto an enclosed space punctuated
by orientation tables. By climbing a few steps, the visitor then arrives on an
outdoor platform, sometimes called "fourth floor", reaching a height of
nearly 279 m.

Eiffel Tower Operating times are at 9:30AM–11:45PM. You will need a

ticket to get into the Eiffel Tower, and there are 4 different types of tickets
available for the Eiffel Tower, each with adult, and children prices.
1) Stairs Entrance (2nd Floor)
This is the cheapest ticket option. For an adult is about Rp.164.000
and for children is about Rp.82.000. While many people will queue
up to take the elevator from the ground floor to the second floor,
there is also the option of climbing the stairs.
The stairs can take anywhere from 20-30 minutes on average, but
that will all depend on your own level of fitness. This ticket does not
grant you access to the top of the Eiffel Tower and you must also
take the stairs back down. There is no way to buy this ticket in
advance unless you purchase a guided tour from a 3rd party. This
means you will have to wait in the ticket line when you arrive, but
the stairs aren’t usually as popular of an option as the elevator, and
thus the ticket line is usually very quick.

27
 Picture 3.7 Stairs at Eiffel Tower

2) Elevator Entrance (2nd Floor)

This ticket allows you to bypass the stairs and take the elevator from
the ground floor to the 1st and 2nd floors. For an adult, this ticket
can cost about Rp.262.000 and for children is about Rp.130.000.
This tickets also does not grant you access to the top of the Eiffel
Tower. Order this ticket in advance (e-ticket) on their website so that
you can skip the ticket queue, which can be very long. If priority e-
tickets are sold out, consider going on a tour. Some of the companies
that offer tours of the Eiffel Tower will include priority e-tickets for
the elevator.

Picture 3.8 Elevator at Eiffel Tower

3) Stairs Entrance (2nd Floor) w/ Elevator Entrance (Top)
This ticket option is the 3rd most expensive, For an adult, this ticket
can cost about Rp.312.000 and for children is about Rp.156.000.
With this ticket, you will have stairs access to the 1st and 2nd floors.
From there, you can queue up to take the elevator to the very top of
the Eiffel Tower. There is no way to buy this ticket in advance unless

28
 you purchase a guided tour from a 3rd party, and as we previously
mentioned, the ticket line is usually very short compared to the
elevator line.
4) Elevator Entrance (Top)
This is the most expensive option, For an adult, this ticket can cost
about Rp.410.000 and for children is about Rp.204.000. You get
access to both elevators. You won’t need to take any stairs, up or
down, with this option. Order this ticket in advance so that you can
skip the ticket queue. You will still need to wait in both elevator
lines. If priority e-tickets are sold out, consider going on a tour.
Some of the companies that offer tours of the Eiffel Tower will
include priority e-tickets for the elevator to the 1st and 2nd floors.

b. Avenue of the Champs Elysées (Place de l’étoile).

Avenue des Champs-Élysées (often abbreviated to Champs-Élysées,
sometimes to the Champs) is a Paris street. Almost two kilometers long and
along the city's historic axis, it is a central traffic route linking Place de la
Concorde to Place Charles-de-Gaulle in the 8th arrondissement. A major
tourist site, it has often been referred to as the most beautiful avenue in the
capital, and is known in France as the "most beautiful avenue in the world".
It takes its name from the Elysian fields, the place of the Underworld where
virtuous souls dwelt in Greek mythology. The Champs-Élysées is the scene
of major French historical events: the Liberation parade in 1944 or the
gathering of Parisians to celebrate the victory at the football world cup in
1998 and 2018. Every year, on the occasion of the French National Day on
July 14, France's main military parade, land and air, takes place on the
Champs-Élysées. The troops of the four armies, army, navy, air force and
gendarmerie, police and civilian and military fire brigade, go down the
avenue and pass in front of the President of the Republic, the government
and the foreign ambassadors gathered on an official stand mounted on Place
de la Concorde, opposite the avenue. A symbol of Paris, like the Eiffel

29
 Tower, it is full of restaurants (L'Atelier Renault, Ledoyen...), luxury brands
(Louis Vuitton, Mont-Blanc, Guerlain, Ferrari showroom...), flagships of
various boutiques (Abercrombie, Sephora...) and clubs. Avenue des
Champs-Elysées is also marked by the presence of major museums: the
Grand and Petit Palais, the Palais de la Découverte, the Louis Vuitton
cultural space.

Picture 3.9 Champs-Élysées

c. Notre Dame de Paris.

Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral, commonly known as Notre-Dame, is the
cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, located on the Ile de la Cité. Dedicated
to the Virgin Mary, it was for many centuries one of the largest cathedrals
in the West. Long the highest building in the city, it is one of the most
emblematic monuments in Paris. Its construction extends over more than
two centuries, from 1163 to the middle of the 14th century. The cathedral
has both primitive and radiant Gothic features. The two rosettes, which
decorate each of the transept's arms, are among the largest in Europe. Notre-
Dame de Paris is, with about twenty million pilgrims and visitors per year,
including fourteen million entering the cathedral, the most visited
monument in France (in front of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of
Montmartre, the Louvre Museum, the park of the Château de Versailles and
the Eiffel Tower). That is an average of more than 30,000 people per day.
On busy days, more than 50,000 pilgrims and visitors enter the area. The
building, which is also a minor basilica, is the most visited monument in
France and Europe and one of the most visited in the world. On April 15,

30
 2019, a violent fire destroyed the spire and the entire roof covering the nave,
choir and transept. This is the most significant incident suffered by the
cathedral since its construction. In the aftermath of the fire, the President of
the Republic, Emmanuel Macron, announced his desire to see the
reconstruction completed within five years. Access itself is free of charge,
although it's a good idea to invest in a tour to get the most out of your visit.
And it operates from 8:00AM to 6:45PM on weekdays - open until 7:15PM
at weekends.

Picture 3.10 Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral

d. Arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (Triumphal Arch of the Star) is one of the
most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the
Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named
Place de l'Étoile — the étoile or "star" of the juncture formed by its twelve
radiating avenues. The location of the arc and the plaza is shared between
three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north) and 8th (east).
The Arc de Triomphe honor those who fought and died for France in the
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French
victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its
vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
As the central cohesive element of the Axe historique (historic axis, a
sequence of monuments and grand thoroughfares on a route running from
the courtyard of the Louvre to the Grande Arche de la Défense), the Arc de
Triomphe was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, and its iconographic

31
program pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic
warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments with triumphant
patriotic messages. Inspired by the Arch of Titus in Rome, Italy, the Arc de
Triomphe has an overall height of 50 metres (164 ft), width of 45 m (148 ft)
and depth of 22 m (72 ft), while its large vault is 29.19 m (95.8 ft) high and
14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide. The smaller transverse vaults are 18.68 m (61.3 ft)
high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide. Three weeks after the Paris victory parade
in 1919 (marking the end of hostilities in World War I), Charles Godefroy
flew his Nieuport biplane under the arch's primary vault, with the event
captured on newsreel.
Paris's Arc de Triomphe was the tallest triumphal arch until the completion
of the Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City in 1938, which is 67
meters (220 ft) high. The Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, completed in
1982, is modelled on the Arc de Triomphe and is slightly taller at 60 m (197
ft). La Grande Arche in La Defense near Paris is 110 meters high. Although
it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model
and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe. It qualifies as the world's
tallest arch.
The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with exit at the
Charles de Gaulle—Étoile station. Because of heavy traffic on the
roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that
pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and
the Avenue de la Grande Armée. A lift will take visitors almost to the top –
to the attic, where there is a small museum which contains large models of
the Arc and tells its story from the time of its construction. Another 46 steps
remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse, from where one can
enjoy a panoramic view of Paris. The location of the arc, as well as the Place
de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west),
17th (north), and 8th (east). Tourist can visit Arc de Triomphe at 10AM–
11PM, and enjoy walking around the base and under the arches of the Arc
de Triomphe for free or pay a fee (Rp.152.000) to climb about 280 stairs to

32
 the top for lovely views over Paris. Even if you’re not up for the climb, do
make time to visit the base of the Arc de Triomphe.

Picture 3.11 Arc de Triomphe

e. Louvre Museum
The Louvre or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre) is the
world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France. A
central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in
the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000
objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of
72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). In 2018, the Louvre was the
world's most visited art museum, receiving 10.2 million visitors.
The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as the Louvre
castle in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II. Remnants of the
fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban
expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and,
in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French
Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre
Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household,
leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection,
including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture.
In 1692, the building was occupied by the Académie des Inscriptions et
Belles-Lettres and the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which
in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Académie remained at the
Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly

33
decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's
masterpieces.

The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings,

the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property.
Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed
in 1796 until 1801. The collection was increased under Napoleon and the
museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication
many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The
collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and
Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000
pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and bequests since
the Third Republic. The collection is divided among eight curatorial
departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek,
Etruscan and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts;
Paintings; Prints and Drawings.

The museum lies in the center of Paris on the Right Bank, in the 1st
arrondissement. It was home to the former Tuileries Palace, which closed
off the western end of the Louvre entrance courtyard, but was heavily
damaged by fire during the Paris Commune of 1871 and later demolished.
The adjacent Tuileries Gardens, created in 1564 by Catherine de' Medici,
was designed in 1664 by André Le Nôtre. The gardens house the Galerie
nationale du Jeu de Paume, a contemporary art exhibition space which was
used to store confiscated Jewish cultural property during the 1940 to 1944
German occupation of France. Parallel to the Jeu de Paume is the Orangerie,
home to the famous Water Lilies paintings by Claude Monet.

The Louvre is slightly askew of the Historic Axis (Axe historique), a

roughly eight-kilometer (five-mile) architectural line bisecting the city. It
begins on the east in the Louvre courtyard and runs west along the Champs-

34
 Élysées. In 1871, the burning of the Tuileries Palace by the Paris Commune
revealed that the Louvre was slightly askew of the Axe despite past
appearances to the contrary. The Louvre can be reached by the Palais Royal
– Musée du Louvre Métro or the Louvre-Rivoli stations.

The Louvre has three entrances: the main entrance at the pyramid, an
entrance from the Carrousel du Louvre underground shopping mall, and an
entrance at the Porte des Lions (near the western end of the Denon wing).
Under the main entrance to the museum is the Carrousel du Louvre, a
shopping mall operated by Unibail-Rodamco. Among other stores, it has the
first Apple Store in France, and a McDonald's restaurant, the presence of
which has created controversy.The use of cameras and video recorders is
permitted inside, but flash photography is forbidden. Entrance to the Louvre
is €15 (Rp.241.000) or you can purchase tickets online for €17 (Rp.272.000)
which allows you quick entry, rather than waiting in the typically long
queue. Entrance is free for everyone aged under 18 all year, Operating times
are at 06.00 PM until 9.45 PM, and all day on Bastille Day (14 July),
entrance is free for everyone. Be warned though, the galleries get even
busier at these times.

Picture 3.12 Louvre Museum

f. Sainte-Chapelle.
The Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) is a royal chapel in the Gothic style,
within the medieval Palais de la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France

35
until the 14th century, on the Île de la Cité in the River Seine in Paris,
France.
Construction began some time after 1238 and the chapel was consecrated
on 26 April 1248. The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest
achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. It was
commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion
relics, including Christ's Crown of Thorns – one of the most important relics
in medieval Christendom, later hosted in the nearby Notre-Dame Cathedral
until the 2019 fire, which it survived.

Along with the Conciergerie, the Sainte-Chapelle is one of the earliest

surviving buildings of the Capetian royal palace on the Île de la Cité.
Although damaged during the French Revolution, and restored in the 19th
century, it has one of the most extensive 13th-century stained glass
collections anywhere in the world.
The royal chapel is a prime example of the phase of Gothic architectural
style called "Rayonnant", marked by its sense of weightlessness and strong
vertical emphasis. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel, which served as
parish church for all the inhabitants of the palace, which was the seat of
government. The king was later recognized as a saint by the Catholic
Church. His title became Saint Louis.
The contemporary visitor entering the courtyard of the Royal Palace would
have been met by the sight of a grand ceremonial staircase (the Grands
Degres) to their right and the north flank and eastern apse of the Sainte-
Chapelle to their left. The chapel exterior shows many of the typical
characteristics of Rayonnant architecture—deep buttresses surmounted by
pinnacles, crocketted gables around the roof-line and vast windows
subdivided by bar tracery. The internal division into upper and lower
chapels is clearly marked on the outside by a string-course, the lower walls
pierced by smaller windows with a distinctive spherical triangle shape.
Despite its decoration, the exterior is relatively simple and austere, devoid

36
of flying buttresses or major sculpture and giving little hint of the richness
within.

No designer-builder is named in the archives concerned with the

construction. In the 19th century it was assumed (as with so many buildings
of medieval Paris) to be the work of the master mason Pierre de Montreuil,
who worked on the remodelling of the Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis and
completed the south transept façade of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.
Modern scholarship rejects this attribution in favour of Jean de Chelles or
Thomas de Cormont, while Robert Branner saw in the design the hand of an
unidentified master mason from Amiens.

The Sainte-Chapelle's most obvious architectural precursors include the

apsidal chapels of Amiens Cathedral, which it resembles in its general form,
and the Bishop's Chapel (c. 1180s) of Noyon Cathedral, from which it
borrowed the two-story design. As has often been argued however the major
influence on its overall design seems to have come from contemporary
metalwork, particularly the precious shrines and reliquaries made by Mosan
goldsmiths.
The Parisian palatine chapel, built to house a reliquary, was itself like a
precious reliquary turned inside out (with the richest decoration on the
inside). Although the interior is dominated by the stained glass (see below),
every inch of the remaining wall surface and the vault was also richly
coloured and decorated. Analysis of remaining paint fragments reveals that
the original colours were much brighter than those favoured by the 19th-
century restorers and would have been further to the colours of the stained
glass. The quatrefoils of the dado arcade were painted with scenes of saints
and martyrs and inset with painted and gilded glass, emulating Limoges
enamels, while rich textiles hangings added to the richness of the interior.

37
Above the dado level, mounted on the clustered shafts that separate the great
windows, are 12 larger-than-life-sized sculpted stone figures representing
the 12 Apostles (six of these are replicas—the damaged originals are now
in the Musée du Moyen Age). Each carries a disk marked with the
consecration crosses that were traditionally marked on the pillars of a church
at its consecration. Niches on the north and south sides of the chapel are the
private oratories of the king and of his mother, Blanche of Castile.
The most famous features of the chapel, among the finest of their type in the
world, are the great stained glass windows, for whose benefit the stone wall
surface is reduced to little more than a delicate framework. Fifteen huge
mid-13th-century windows fill the nave and apse, while a large rose window
with Flamboyant tracery dominates the western wall.

Despite some damage the windows display a clear iconographical

programme. The three windows of the eastern apse illustrate the New
Testament, featuring scenes of The Passion (centre) with the Infancy of
Christ (left) and the Life of John the Evangelist (right). By contrast, the
windows of the nave are dominated by Old Testament exemplars of ideal
kingship/queenship in an obvious nod to their royal patrons. The cycle starts
at the western bay of the north wall with scenes from the Book of Genesis
(heavily restored). The next ten windows of the nave follow clockwise with
scenes from Exodus, Joseph, Numbers/Leviticus, Joshua/Deuteronomy,
Judges, (moving to the south wall) Jeremiah/Tobias, Judith/Job, Esther,
David and the Book of Kings. The final window, occupying the
westernmost bay of the south wall brings this narrative of sacral kingship
right up to date with a series of scenes showing the rediscovery of Christ's
relics, the miracles they performed, and their relocation to Paris in the hands
of King Louis himself. Sainte-Chapelle open from 9:30AM–6PM, and to
enter the Sainte-Chapelle you can get free entry to Saint Chapelle with a
Paris Pass or you can pay around €10 (Rp.160.000) per person.

38
 Picture 3.13 Sainte Chapelle Interior

g. Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles was the principal royal residence of France from
1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789,
under Louis XVI. It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region
of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of
Paris.
The palace is now a Monument historique and UNESCO World Heritage
site, notable especially for the ceremonial Hall of Mirrors, the jewel-like
Royal Opera, and the royal apartments; for the more intimate royal
residences, the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon located within the park; the
small rustic Hameau (Hamlet) created for Marie Antoinette; and the vast
Gardens of Versailles with fountains, canals, and geometric flower beds and
groves, laid out by André le Nôtre. The Palace was stripped of all its
furnishings after the French Revolution, but many pieces have been returned
and many of the palace rooms have been restored.
In 2017 the Palace of Versailles received 7,700,000 visitors, making it the
second-most visited monument in the Île-de-France region, just behind the
Louvre and ahead of the Eiffel Tower.
The Palace of Versailles offers a visual history of French architecture from
the 17th century to the end of the 18th century. It began with the original
château, with the brick and stone and sloping slate mansard roofs of the
Louis XIII style used by architect Philibert Le Roy. It then became grander
and more monumental, with the addition of the colonnades and flat roofs of

39
the new royal apartments in the French classical or Louis XIV style, as
designed by Louis Le Vau and later Jules Hardouin-Mansart. It concluded
in the lighter and more graceful neoclassical Louis XVI style of the Petit
Trianon, completed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1768.
The palace was largely completed by the death of Louis XIV in 1715. The
eastern facing palace has a U-shaped layout, with the corps de logis and
symmetrical advancing secondary wings terminating with the Dufour
Pavilion on the south and the Gabriel Pavilion to the north, creating an
expansive cour d'honneur known as the Royal Court (Cour Royale).
Flanking the Royal Court are two enormous asymmetrical wings that result
in a facade of 402 metres (1,319 ft) in length. Encompassing 67,000 square
meters (721,182 sq ft) the palace has 700 rooms, more than 2,000 windows,
1,250 fireplaces and 67 staircases.

The façade of Louis XIII's original château is preserved on the entrance

front. Built of red brick and cut stone embellishments, the U-shaped layout
surrounds a black-and-white marble courtyard. In the center, a 3-storey
avant-corps fronted with eight red marble columns supporting a gilded
wrought-iron balcony is surmounted with a triangle of lead statuary
surrounding a large clock, whose hands were stopped upon the death of
Louis XIV. The rest of the façade is completed with columns, painted and
gilded wrought-iron balconies and dozens of stone tables decorated with
consoles holding marble busts of Roman emperors. Atop the mansard slate
roof are elaborate dormer windows and gilt lead roof dressings that were
added by Hardouin-Mansart in 1679–1681.

Inspired by the architecture of baroque Italian villas, but executed in the

French classical style, the garden front and wings were encased in white cut
ashlar stone known as the enveloppe in 1668-1671 by Le Vau and modified
by Hardouin-Mansart in 1678–1679. The exterior features an arcaded,

40
 rusticated ground floor, supporting a main floor with round-headed
windows divided by reliefs and pilasters or columns. The attic storey has
square windows and pilasters and crowned by a balustrade bearing
sculptured trophies and flame pots dissimulating a flat roof. Operating times
starting from 12.00 PM – 6.30 PM. Between November to March, on the
first Sunday of every month, admission to the Estate of Versailles is free.
But for an adult, it cost about 20 euros (Rp.320.000).
However, you also qualify for free entry into Versailles if you are less than
18 years old or are a European Union resident under 26 years of age.

Picture 3.14 Inside and Outside look Palace of Versailles

h. Luxembourg Garden
The Jardin du Luxembourg, also known in English as the Luxembourg
Gardens, is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was created
beginning in 1612 by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV of
France, for a new residence she constructed, the Luxembourg Palace. The
garden today is owned by the French Senate, which meets in the Palace. It
covers 23 hectares and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades,
flowerbeds, model sailboats on its circular basin, and picturesque Medici
Fountain, built in 1620. The name Luxembourg comes from the Latin Mons
Lucotitius, the name of the hill where the garden is located.
The garden is largely devoted to a green parterre of gravel and lawn
populated with statues and centred on a large octagonal basin of water, with
a central jet of water; in it children sail model boats.[6] The garden is famed
for its calm atmosphere. Surrounding the bassin on the raised balustraded

41
terraces are a series of statues of former French queens, saints and copies
after the Antique. In the southwest corner, there is an orchard of apple and
pear trees and the théâtre des marionnettes (puppet theatre). The gardens
include a large fenced-in playground for young children and their parents
and a vintage carousel. In addition, free musical performances are presented
in a gazebo on the grounds and there is a small cafe restaurant nearby, under
the trees, with both indoor and outdoor seating from which many people
enjoy the music over a glass of wine. The orangerie displays art,
photography and sculptures.
The École nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris and the Odéon theatre
stand next to the Luxembourg Garden. The central axis of the garden is
extended, beyond its wrought iron grill and gates opening to rue Auguste
Comte, by the central esplanade of the rue de l'Observatoire, officially the
Jardin Marco Polo, where sculptures of the four Times of Day alternate with
columns and culminate at the southern end with the 1874 "Fountain of the
Observatory", also known as the "Fontaine des Quatre-Parties-du-Monde"
or the "Carpeaux Fountain", for its sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux. It
was installed as part of the development of the avenue de l'Observatoire by
Gabriel Davioud in 1867.
The bronze fountain represents the work of four sculptors: Louis Vuillemot
carved the garlands and festoons around the pedestal, Pierre Legrain carved
the armillary with interior globe and zodiac band; the animalier Emmanuel
Fremiet designed the eight horses, marine turtles and spouting fish. Most
importantly Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux sculpted the four nude women
supporting the globe, representing the Four Continents of classical
iconography. Open hours for the Luxembourg Garden depend on the month:
opening between 7:30 and 8:15 am; closing at dusk between 4:45 and 9:45
pm. There is no fee to enter the gardens, but there is a fee to enter the
children's area. This has the soft flooring and playground equipment for a
whole range of ages. There are also children's toilets within the playground

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 area. The fees are around 2.50 euros (Rp.40.000) per child and about 1.50
(Rp.24.000) for adults.

Picture 3.15 Luxembourg Garden

i. Mont-Saint-Michel
Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Saint Michael's Mount) is an island and mainland
commune in Normandy, France. The island is located about one kilometer
(0.6 miles) off the country's northwestern coast, at the mouth of the
Couesnon River near Avranches and is 7 hectares (17 acres) in area. The
mainland part of the commune is 393 hectares (971 acres) in area so that the
total surface of the commune is 400 hectares (988 acres). As of 2015, the
island has a population of 50.
The island has held strategic fortifications since ancient times and since the
8th century AD has been the seat of the monastery from which it draws its
name. The structural composition of the town exemplifies the feudal society
that constructed it: on top, God, the abbey and monastery; below, the great
halls; then stores and housing; and at the bottom, outside the walls, houses
for fishermen and farmers.
The commune's position—on an island just a few hundred metres from
land—made it accessible at low tide to the many pilgrims to its abbey, but
defensible as an incoming tide stranded, drove off, or drowned would-be
assailants. The island remained unconquered during the Hundred Years'
War; a small garrison fended off a full attack by the English in 1433. Louis
XI recognised the reverse benefits of its natural defence and turned it into a
prison. The abbey was used regularly as a prison during the Ancient

43
 Régime. One of France's most recognisable landmarks, visited by more than
3 million people each year, Mont Saint-Michel and its bay are on the
UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Over 60 buildings within the
commune are protected in France as monuments historiques.

Opening hours are 9:30 am to 6 pm from September to April and 9 am to 7

pm from May to August. Last admissions are an hour earlier.
Admission to the Abbaye du Mont Saint Michel is €10 (Rp.160.000) for
adults and free for EU citizens or permanent residents of France up to age
25 otherwise €8 (Rp.128.000) for 18 to 25-year olds and free for all children
under 18.

Picture 3.16 Mont-Saint-Michel

2. Natural Attraction
a. Côte de Granit Rose (Pink Granite Coast)
Named for the pink color of the rocky coastline, this marvelous seaside route
runs between Perros-Guirec and the port of Ploumanac'h. The Côte de
Granit Rose is famous for its incredible rock formations, the Rochers de
Ploumanac'h. These imposing weather-beaten rock structures are found
between the beaches of Trestraou and Saint-Guirec. Some of the formations
are as high as 20 meters, and many seem to take on the shape of recognizable
figures such as a witch, Napoleon's hat, and a rabbit. One of the highlights
of this coastal area is Perros-Guirec, a popular seaside resort in Brittany and
favorite destination among Breton families. Perros-Guirec has three sandy
beaches with kids' clubs, as well as opportunities for sporting activities

44
 during summer. Trébeurden is another seaside resort that attracts many
beach lovers in summer. The town of Ploumanac'h also has a natural harbor
that is a nice area to take a walk. Bird-watchers will appreciate the Pink
Granite Coast because of its diverse avian life. Brittany's largest bird
sanctuary lies nearby on the Sept-Îles (Seven Islands) archipelago. Regular
boat trips run from Perros-Guirec and from nearby Port-Blanc to Sept-Îles.

Picture 3.17 Côte de Granit Rose

b. Grande Plage.
Biarritz’s central beach is an ideal place for family-friendly activities,
leisurely walks, surfing and sweeping views of the city’s major landmarks.
In a city famous for its wonderful beaches, Grand Beach (Grand Plage)
stands out as one of Biarritz’s most picturesque. The beach fronts Biarritz’s
city center and has the gentle waves of the Atlantic Ocean lapping at its
shores. Grand Plage is a popular spot for families, keen photographers and
watersports enthusiasts. The beach has a wide stretch of golden sand that is
ideal for sunbathing and people-watching. Relax in the shade beneath
colorful beach huts and umbrellas available for rent.
The waves at Grand Plage attract both experienced and beginner surfers.
Surf schools in the city center offer lessons and equipment rental. The beach
can get quite busy at high tide, so at this time escape the crowds with a stroll
along the promenades. Walk south along Quai de la Grand Plage, which
passes a tree-lined garden before arriving at the impressive art deco-style
Casino Municipal. From here you can continue around the headland to a

45
 bridge that crosses to Rocher du Basta (Basta Rock). Enjoy views of the
beach and Port des Pêcheurs, Biarritz’s historic fishing village.
Allée Winston Churchill stretches along the beach’s northern shore. This
street presents great views of the Phare de Biarritz (Biarritz Lighthouse),
which is also visible from all areas of the beach. Check out the opulent Hôtel
du Palais, built in mid-1800s as a summer residence for Emperor Napoleon
III and Empress Eugénie. Grand Plage is just a short walk from Biarritz’s
city center. Lifeguards patrol the beach from June through September and
place flags to mark the safe swimming areas. If arriving by car, park in one
of three underground car parks. Public buses stop on Avenue Édouard VII,
which is less than a 5-minute walk from the beach. There is also a free tourist
shuttle bus that stops at the beach and other major city attractions.

Picture 3.18 Grande Plage Beach

3. Special Interest
a. Wine Tourism
France is the ultimate destination for a wine tasting tour, with the most
famous appellations in the world drawing visitors from across the globe to
visit its mythical Châteaux and charming wine roads. A tour of the wine
country is a fabulous way to discover the authentic heart of France as you
will head off the beaten track to the smaller hamlets; taste fabulous regional
cuisine in quaint restaurants; meet quirky winemakers in their small estates;
enjoy gourmet experiences from truffle hunting to artisan cheese tastings;
and visit the loveliest villages in the country, known as Les Plus Beaux
Villages de France.

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The diverse climate of France along with its variety of terroirs are ideal for
harvesting a variety of grapes, rendering French wine among the world’s
most revered. Every year, France and Italy compete for the title of the
world’s leading wine producer. Seventeen out of twenty-two regions
produce more than 3,200 wines over an area of 835,805 hectares.

The region in France that famous for producing wine and destination for
wine tourism :
1) Champagne
The Champagne region, centered on the towns of Reims (Rheims)
and Epernay, is the most northern of France's major vineyards.
Unlike most of the best French wines, champagnes are blended in
order to produce either non vintage champagnes (blended from
different years) or vintage champagne, blended from wines of the
same harvest. Consequently, since the quality of the champagne
ultimately depends on a balance between the quality of the grapes
and the skill of the blenders, Champagnes are also ranked and
promoted by producer, not by any more finely delimited appellation
. Possibly the most highly rated of blends is Krug; other well
appreciated brands include Mumm, Bollinger and Heidsieck, not to
mention the very well known brands of Moët & Chandon and
Taittinger.
The distinct taste and purity of real champagne is certainly due to
the chalky soil and the continental growing conditions that abound
in the Champagne region. Several of the main French Champagne
producers have set up branches and vineyards in California, but in
spite of bringing over their best master-blenders, have never been
able to achieve quite the same result. Although many people imagine
that Champagnes are all white, this is not quite true. Rosé
champagnes also exist.
2) Burgundy

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 The vineyards of the Burgundy region cover a narrow strip of land
on the eastern slopes of the hills running south-east from the
Burgundian Capital, Dijon. The heart of the Burgundy wine
growing region is the historic city of Beaune, where the autumn wine
sale in the historic "Hospices" building is one of the high points of
the wine year. Burgundy wines are classified on four levels, the
lowest being the generic "Bourgogne" appellation. Selected areas of
the Burgundy vineyard have their own classifications, such as Côtes
de Beaune. Within these, there are smaller areas, villages and groups
of villages, reputed to produce higher quality wine, such as Mersault,
Pernand Vergelesse or Aloxe Corton . Finally, at the top of the
pyramid, there are the "grands crus", such as Clos Vougeot, with its
mere 51 hectares of vineyard. Finding ones way around Burgundy
wines is sometimes a daunting task. The best Burgundy wines are
the reds, the best of which can keep for a good 20 to 30 years.
However, Burgundy also produces some top quality, though not too
distinctive, whites.
3) Bordeaux
Wine, and wine growing region. With Burgundy and Champagne,
the Bordeaux region of Aquitaine is one of the three most famous
French wine-producing regions. Historically, its fame is at least in
part due to the fact that of these three big grape-growing areas, the
Bordeaux vineyard is the only one with immediate access to the sea,
an advantage that has enabled it to be France's major wine exporting
region for many centuries.
In 1152, when queen Eleanor of Aquitaine married the English king
Henry II, the Aquitaine region became economically integrated Cru
bourgeoisinto the Anglo-Norman world, the Bordeaux region
becoming the main supplier of wine for England. This historic wine
exporting tradition helped Bordeaux to develop far stronger
commercial links in the ensuing centuries, firmly establishing

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 Bordeaux wines, often referred to generically in English as "clarets",
on the international market.
The Bordeaux vineyard is centered round the port city of Bordeaux
along the estuary of the Gironde, and the rivers Garonne and
Dordogne. It is a large vineyard, and the geo-specific appellation
"Bordeaux" covers an area stretching some 100 km both north-south
and east-west.
While the appellation contrôlée covers wines of medium quality
from all over this region, many if not most of the top quality clarets
grown in the overall area benefit from more specific and distinctive
area appellations, such as Médoc , Graves or Saint Emilion, and even
more local appellations such as Pauillac, Graves and Saint-Estèphe.
Unlike other French wine-growing areas, the Bordeaux area operates
classifications of many of its top wines, notably those from the
Médoc and Saint Emilion vineyards. The best estates in these areas
have the right to sell wines designated as grand cru. Below the grand
crus come other high quality wines designated as cru bourgeois.
4) The Loire Valley
Although there are some excellent wines produced in the large Loire
Valley area, there are few Loire wines, whites, rosés or pale reds,
that rank among the greatest French wines. "Anjou Rosé" is a good
everyday rosé, and "Muscadet" and "Gros Plant" from near Nantes,
on the Loire estuary, are dry white wines that go excellently with
seafood.. Another good appellation is "Pouilly Fumé" (not to be
confused with "Pouilly Fuissé", a white Burgundy). Touraine, the
area round Tours, is know for its light red wines, notably from the
Gamay grape variety. The region also produces vin gris , "grey
wine", which is actually a very pale rosé, being a white wine made
from black grapes. While there are plenty of Loire wines that benefit
from appellations protégées, others are sold under the vin de pays
label. Finally, the Loire valley is France's second largest producer of

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 sparkling wines, after Champagne. Two of the more prestigious
varieties are Vouvray and Saumur.
5) Alsace
Situated on the lower eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains, in the
Rhine valley between Strasbourg and Mulhouse, the Alsace
vineyard is rather different from any other French wine growing
area. Like the region of Alsace itself, the wine culture here is steeped
in a Germanic tradition, producing mostly dry or fruity white wines,
the most popular being Riesling, Sylvaner and the very fruity
Gewurztraminer.
The rules of Appellation contrôlée - and more recently of
Appellation Protégée (AOP) are not applied in the same way in
Alsace as in the rest of France. In Alsace, wines are produced under
a simple "Alsace" appellation, after which the next most important
element to be indicated, and the most visible word on the label, is
the grape variety or "cépage", Sylvaner, Riesling, Gewurztraminer,
Edelzwicker, Pinot or a few others. Smaller areas do not have their
own appellations, though with many Alsace wines, the name of the
village or vineyard from which it comes will also be indicated. See
also Vendanges tardives.
Lorraine, also in north east France, produces mostly Vin de pays
white wines, in the Meuse and the Moselle.

French Cuisine
French cuisine refers to various gastronomic styles derived from the French
tradition. Below are the best French specialities:

1. The Tartiflette.
Composed of potatoes, bacon, reblochon and onion and generally served
with a good green salad, tartiflette is a French culinary specialty originating
from Savoie. A simple but delicious meal that can be enjoyed at any time of

50
 the year, in winter - in the evening after a good day's skiing - as well as in
summer.

Picture 3.19 The Tartiflette with Green Salad

2. Coq au vin.
The coq au vin is a traditional dish of French cuisine. To prepare this dish,
you need a rooster cut into pieces and cooked in good wine (usually red, but
Riesling can also be used) and served with onions, carrots, a bouquet garni
and mushrooms.

Picture 3.20 Coq au vin

3. Pot au feu.
Pot-au-feu is a French beef stew, To make this dish, you just need vegetables
and a little meat. Put all these ingredients in a large saucepan, fill it with
water and cook it over a low heat.

Picture 3.21 Pot au feu

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4. Quiche Lorraine.
Quiche is - along with bergamots, madeleines and mirabelle plums - one of
Lorraine's most delicious culinary specialities. Covered with bacon and
migaine, this salty tart is ideal as a starter. This traditional French cuisine
dish is perfect with a good green salad or endives.

Picture 3.22 Quiche Lorraine

5. Crepes.
Crepes are the Breton speciality par excellence. Accompanied by a good
bowl of cider, they can be eaten salty (buckwheat pancakes) or sweetened
at dessert time. The crêpe is a symbol of French cuisine that is highly
appreciated by foreign tourists.

Picture 3.23 Crepes

6. Tartar steak.
Steak tartare is a culinary specialty highly prized by meat lovers. This dish
is easy to cook: all you need is a good quality fresh ground beef steak,
capers, raw egg and condiments. The vintage has perfectly integrated into
French cuisine, even if it does not appeal to everyone. Today, steak tartare
can be declined in a thousand ways to become a must in French gastronomy.

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 Picture 3.24 Tartar Steak
7. Cassoulet.
Although this dish originates from the Languedoc region, we are happy to
associate this traditional French cuisine dish with the city of Toulouse.
Cassoulet is a delicious dish, it is composed of white beans, duck confit and
sausage. It is the ideal dish to eat in winter.

Picture 3.25 Cassoulet

8. Oysters.
Mainly cultivated in the Marennes-Oléron basin, oysters are one of the most
popular dishes at the end of the year celebrations. What would French
gastronomy be like without the famous seafood?

Picture 3.26 Oysters

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 9. Gratin Dauphinois.
To prepare this speciality of Dauphiné, you will only need potatoes, fresh
cream and possibly a little fresh chives. This dish fits perfectly into
traditional French cuisine and can be eaten as a main course or as a side
dish.

Picture 3.27 Gratin Dauphinois

10. Beef bourguignon.
Beef bourguignon is one of the most traditional dishes in French cuisine. To
prepare this dish, simply cook beef over a low heat in Burgundy wine. Serve
with fresh toppings (mushrooms, steamed potatoes, carrots...). To mention
French specialities and traditional cuisine, not to mention Burgundian beef,
is simply impossible.

Picture 3.28 Beef bourguignon

Souvenir and Handicraft

The souvenir is an important component of the tourist experience with most
tourists bringing back mementos and souvenirs as evidence. People like to be
reminded of special moments in their lives and to hold evidence of those special

54
moments. Here are some of Souvenir that tourist can buy during their vacation in
France :

1. Béret
This knitted woolen hat is often associated with Parisian artists. And even
if French people don’t wear it that often, it remains a strong symbol and a
great gift to bring home from the French capital city.

Picture 3.29 Béret

2. Marinière
A Marinière is a long-sleeved jersey that was originally worn by the French
Marine since the 19th century on. Before, it was strictly blue and white, and
had with 21 white stripes of 20mm, and 20 or 21 blue stripes of 10mm. The
“Tricot Rayé” (Striped Jersey) became popular ever since Coco Chanel
introduced it to the fashion industry. Other fashion designers followed this
trend, such as Yves Saint Laurent, and Jean-Paul Gaultier who completely
took it over to make it an imaginative, sometimes eccentric, fashion
statement.

Picture 3.30 Mariniere

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3. Macaroons
These small pastries made of almond powder, egg whites and sugar, is called
Parisian Macaron when it is upgraded with a ganache in between its two
biscuits. It is the favorite French dessert of most foreigners.

Picture 3.31 Macaroons

4. Wine
Wine is France’s ultimate symbol, France produce wine in almost every
regions and it is logically the most consumed alcohol in France. Moreover,
there are so many different types that it can fit almost every taste buds, for
any budget.

Picture 3.32 Wine

5. Champagne
It is the most festive alcoholic drink in France. This drink originated from
the Champagne Region is now consumed everywhere in France and in the
world. If you want to share one with friends to memorialize an important
event, a bottle of champagne would be a perfect gift for your friends and
family who love to celebrate, or simply who like to treat themselves.

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 Picture 3.33 Champagne
6. Saucisson
This is one of the numerous French culinary specialties. Saucisson is
basically a sausage that can be cooked or dried. This delicacy, usually made
of pork meat, or sometimes boar meat, donkey meat, beef or even poultry.

Picture 3.34 France Sausage (Saucisson)

7. Cheese
In France, it is said that there are over 365 types of cheese, which means
that we can savour a new one every day of the year. Even if it seems a bit
too hard to taste them all while you are staying in Paris, you should still try
to discover as much as possible and gift your favorite ones to someone.

Picture 3.35 France Cheese

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8. Foie Gras
This French delicacy is basically made of the liver of a goose or a duck; it
can be eaten fresh, semi-cooked, or cooked. It is almost a tradition for
French people to eat some at Christmas. So it will be the best gift you can
think of if you want your loved ones to taste the magic of French Christmas
celebrations.

Picture 3.36 Foie Gras (Duck Liver)

9. Scarf
Scarf is a piece of fabric worn around the neck for warmth, sun protection,
cleanliness, fashion, or religious reasons. They can be made in a variety of
different materials such as wool, linen or cotton. It is a common type of
neckwear. In Paris, you can find one for every budget, every materials and
also every shape possible. It is a fashionable accessory that will keep you
warm and stylish for the whole winter.

Picture 3.37 France Silk Scarf

10. A Louis Vuitton Handbag
Those who have a bigger budget should probably go on the Avenue des
Champs-Elysées in the beautiful Louis Vuitton Shop. The most famous
French leather shop welcomes some millions of visitors and we all know

58
 why. Their handbags and travel cases are well-known and worn in the entire
world. It has often been imitated but it remained unrivaled. It is definitely
one of the best Parisian gifts you could give to someone you know.

Picture 3.38 Louis Vuitton Handbag

11. Chocolates
Chocolate is one of the greatest Parisian culinary specialty. Here, you can
find chocolate in all possible forms, possible scale and for every possible
taste.

Picture 3.39 France Chocolates.

12. Ceramics Handicraft
Ceramic or pottery handicraft in France is amazing, you can bring one of
the ceramic handicraft made by artisan in France, for example like bowls,
cups, mugs, ramekins, pickle dishes, dishes in ceramic, mugs, vases and
pots etc.

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 Picture 3.40 France Ceramic Handicraft

Itinerary
To travel in France, of course tourists are offered with many choices, France
has many choices and different types of tourism for different types of tourists, so
the authors have been prepared readers one of the most popular itineraries and
activities among tourists to look up to, in this tour package we choose the tourists
who are the first time visiting France, we choose Paris as the destination, because
it’s the first and most important thing you need to know and explore about France
tourism before going to another destination in France. Below are the example of
itinerary or activities you can do for 4 days and 3 nights length of stay in Paris.

ITINERARY - 4 Days and 3 Nights in Paris, The capital of France

PARIS: DAY 1

Times Activities Description

08.00 – Breakfast
09.00

09.00 – Discover the Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is a must

11.30 when visiting Paris for the first
time. It is the very symbol of the
capital.

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11.30 – Lunch
12.30

12.30 – The Montmartre district The city's most famous district

14.30 is known for its typical small
streets, shops and bars.

14.30 – Buy some souvenirs

15.30

15.30 – Visit the Arc de Triomphe Built at the request of Napoleon

17.00 Bonaparte from 1806, the Arc
de Triomphe overlooks the
most beautiful avenue in the
world and Travel the Champs-
Elysées and luxury boutiques.

17.00 – The panorama of the To contemplate one of the

18.00 Montparnasse Tower for the views of Paris from the
sunset Montparnasse Tower.

18.00 – Free time

19.00

19.00 – Dinner
20.00

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PARIS: DAY 2

Times Activities Description

07.00 – Breakfast
08.00

08.00 – Visit the Louvre Museum The Louvre Museum is probably

12.00 the most beautiful museum in the
world, and one of the largest. The
galleries that saw the kings and
queens of France pass through
are now the hotels of the greatest
works of antiquity, the Middle
Ages, the Renaissance and
Modern Times.

12.00 – Lunch
13.00

13.00 – Visit Notre-Dame de Paris The cathedral made famous by

15.00 Victor Hugo proudly erects its
two towers in the heart of the city
and in that of the Parisians. This
is an essential stopover when
visiting Paris.

15.00 – Discover Saint Chapelle Founded in the 11th century by

17.00 King Saint-Louis to house the
relics of Christ, this "small"
chapel located in the heart of the

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 Palais de Justice is the hidden
jewel of Paris.

17.00 – Free Time

18.30

18.30 – Dinner
19.30

PARIS: DAY 3

Times Activities Description

08.00 – Breakfast
09.00

09.00 – Visit the Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles is

12.30 located not far from Paris, it is
well known for its architecture,
history, magnificent and
immense gardens.

12.30 – Lunch
13.30

13.30 – Relax in the Luxembourg Overhung by the Palais du

15.00 Garden Luxembourg, which now houses
the Senate, the Luxembourg
Park is a privileged place for
Parisians who want to relax in its
alleys and around its small lake.

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 15.00 – Free time
19.00

19.00 – Dinner
20.00

PARIS: DAY 4

Times Activities Description

08.00 – Breakfast
09.00

09.00 – Gathering at The Père- This cemetery is particularly

11.30 Lachaise cemetery famous for the graves of
personalities who have been
buried here for centuries (such
as Molière, La Fontaine, Edith
Piaf, Oscar Wilde, Yves
Montant, Pierre Desproges...)

11.30 – Lunch
12.30

12.30 – A stroll in the Marais This emblematic district of Paris

14.00 brings together small cafés and
restaurants, shops, museums and
historical sites. The Marais
being one of the oldest districts
of the city.

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14.00 – Buy some souvenirs
15.30

15.30 – Cruise one the Seine By day and by night, companies

17.30 offer cruises to contemplate one
last time all the city's
monuments along the Seine

19.30 – Dinner
20.30

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 4 Chapter 4.
Conclusion and Suggestion
Conclusion
Overall, France is one of the earliest countries to develop tourism and is one
of popular destination in the world nowadays as France had variety of natural
resources and cultural attraction for different tourism activities, thus, France’s
domestic and international tourism are huge. Most tourists visiting France only
travel in Paris, so Paris is a tourist center for France. but after reading this paper,
readers can find out that France is more than Paris, the regional area in France has
its own uniqueness and beauty, starting from its beautiful nature like mountain,
beach and river, and also the culture. So if you talk about France as a tourism
country, there will be no end. Rural tourism in France is well developed as well as
France has plenty of rural areas for tourism and developed nearly 60 years, which
appeal to both of French people and foreign tourists. The popular examples for rural
tourism are camping and caravans. There are different modes of transport for
getting to and getting around with France and cars is the most popular one. Ease of
access and transportation also play an important role in the success of tourism
development in France, travel between cities and regions becomes very easy for
tourists, because transportation such as Metro and RER are very adequate and have
good service quality, high speed train became more and more popular in France
gradually as it is a lot comfortable and accessible. However, for long distance
destination are mainly by flight.

France is rich in history and culture. You can find people from all
backgrounds and heritages in the country. The food in France is another benefit of
being in the country. People in France are exquisite in every aspect of their life.
This includes in the dishes that they prepare. When you taste authentic French
cuisine you can experience something that will set your taste buds alight and help
you discover flavors that you never knew existed. Paris is well-known for their
upscale restaurants serving some of the finest food you will ever taste. French are

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famous for their art, so it is not surprising if the souvenirs that tourists buy are very
varied, ranging from food, clothing, crafts, accessories and art that are very
beautiful, made by art craftsmen in France, making tourists tempted to buy it.

Suggestion
We learn that with many advantages possessed by France as one of the best
tourism destinations in the world, such as nature, culture, art, and their history as a
nation. Suggestion that the author can give to the advancement of tourism in France,
is to maintain all factors that support tourism activities in France, starting from the
nature, culture, human resources and regulations. This aims to avoid damaging the
French Nature because of excessive tourism activities, which have a negative
impact on the environment, because we know that tourism is one of the important
factors in the French economy, which is able to provide many benefits for local
residents in France and also the country. Another suggestion the writer can give is
that, France government should commemorate all tourists to always maintain the
environment of tourist attractions in France, so that the beauty of tourism in France
can be enjoyed up to tens or even hundreds of years in the future.

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