Mole Concept Atoms to moles

If one dozen is equals to 12 pieces, 1 mole is equals 6.022𝑥10!"

to 6.022 x 1023 (Avogadro’s number) given ×
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1 mole of a molecule, atom or ion will always be Percent Composition and Molar Mass
equal to 6.022 x 1023
How to compute for the molar mass?
23
1 mole of Carbon 6.022 x 10 atoms of
Add all the atomic weight of the element in a
Carbon compound.
1 mole of CO2 6.022 x 1023 molecule
of CO2 Example:
+
1 mole of Na 6.022 x 1023 atoms of CO2 = 12.01 (Atomic weight of Carbon) + 15.99x2
Na= (atomic weight of oxygen multiplied to how many
oxygens is in the molecule) = 43.99 (molar mass)
Note: 1 mole of a molecule contains 6.022 x 1023 Percent composition by mass use this formula
entities, but the moles of the elements involved
𝑛 × 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
may be different. × 100
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
Example: 1 mole of CO2 contains 6.022 x 1023
Example:
molecules of CO2 but it would contain twice the
number of oxygen in order to form the compound. CO2
This statement can be expressed using this Molar mass: 43.99
equation:
1(12.01)
%𝐶 = × 100 = 27.30%
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂 6.022𝑥10TU 43.99
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂T × × = 1.2044𝑥10TV
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂T 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑂 2(15.99)
%𝑂 = × 100 = 72.70%
43.99
Formulas
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Mass to atoms/molecules
Ionic Bonds
1 mole 6.022x10!" Caused by the attraction of a metal cation to a non-
given × ×
atomic weight 1 mole metal anion. The ions are formed from the donation
of the electrons from metals which the non-metals
Atoms/molecules to Mass receive.
1 mole atomic weight Covalent Bonds
given × !" ×
6.022x10 1 mole
Covalent bonds exist due to the sharing of electrons
Mass to moles between non-metal.
1 mole Property Ionic Covalent
given ×
atomic weight Formed from Transferred Shared
electrons electrons
Moles to Mass Conductivity High Low
Solubility in Soluble Insoluble
#$%&'( *+',-$
given × Water
. &%/+
Boiling and High Low
Atoms to moles Melting Point
Phase in Solid Solid, Liquid
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 Room and Gas
given × Temperature
6.022𝑥10!"

Variety of Carbon Compounds
What makes carbon special?
• Carbon can make four covalent bonds
• Can bond to another carbon to form long
chains
• Able to form single, double and triple bonds
Hydrocarbons (Hydrogen and Carbon)
Alkane – single bond C-C.
Alkene – at least one carbon double bond C=C.
Alkyne – at least one triple bond C≡C.

Some Common Uses of the Functional Groups

Alcohol – disinfectant, present in alcoholic drinks.

Ether – anesthetics
Aldehyde – reservation (formalin)
Ketone – nail polish remover (acetone).
Carboxylic Acid – vitamin C, present in various
citrus fruits.
Ester – artificial flavoring and aroma.
Amine – amino acids which is a building block of
protein.
Amide – used for making Kevlar and strong ropes.