Chemistry Investigatory Project

PROJECT REPORT

To find the Determination of Contents of Tooth Powder

Exam. Roll No. :

Class :
Name :
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EMBASSY OF INDIA SCHOOL MOSCOW

2015-2016

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this bonafide project
work in the subject of chemistry has been done
by ______________ of class XII science in the
academic year 2015-2016 and submitted to
AISSCE practical examination conducted by
CBSE at Embassy of India School Moscow on
_______________

TEACHER IN CHARGE
PRINCIPAL

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER
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EMBASSY OF INDIA SCHOOL MOSCOW

Aim : To find the Determination of Contents of Tooth
Powder/To test the acid and basic radicals in the toothpowder
Theory:
Toothpowder is a powder used with hands or with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the
aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpowder is used to promote oral hygiene: it can aid in
the removal of dental plaque and food from the teeth, aid in the elimination and/or
masking of halitosis and deliver active ingredients such as fluoride or xylitol to prevent
tooth and gum disease

While the exact formula of each brand of toothpaste is proprietary, most toothpowders
contain the same basic ingredients. These include:
Fluoride: Perhaps the most important toothpowders ingredient is fluoride. Fluoride
incorporates itself into tooth enamel making your teeth more resistant to acids produced
by plaque bacteria, as well as acids found in fruit juices, soda (both regular and diet) and
certain foods. In toothpowders, fluoride is found in the form of sodium
monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, or sodium fluoride.
Abrasives: Abrasives give toothpowders its cleaning power. They remove stains and
plaque, as well as polish teeth. Common abrasives include calcium phosphates, alumina,
calcium carbonate, and silica. Toothpowders should be abrasive enough to remove plaque
and stains, but not abrasive enough to damage tooth enamel. Damaged tooth enamel also
causes yellowing as the thinned enamel reveals the yellowish dentin layer below. Over the
years, manufacturers have been quietly reducing the abrasiveness of their toothpowders.
Preservatives: Preservatives prevent the growth of microorganisms in toothpowders and
eliminate the need to refrigerate toothpowders. Common preservatives include sodium
benzoate, methyl paraben, and ethyl paraben.
Flavoring Agents: These are added to improve the taste of toothpowders. You may have
noticed that toothpowders have very strong flavoring.This is necessary to cover up the
horrid taste of most detergents, especially SLS.
Sweeteners: Sweeteners also improve the taste of toothpowders. Most toothpowder
sweeteners are artificial and contribute very little to cavity formation. Saccharin is a
common toothpowder sweetener
TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:
Experiment Observation Inference
Dilute sulphuric acid test Colourless and odourless gas. CO32 – may be
A small amount of salt was treated Present
with 1-2 ml of dilute sulphuric acid. Brisk effervescence and
evolution of carbon
dioxide which turns lime water
milky.
[1] To the solution of the salt dilute [1] Brisk effervescence and CO3 2–
HCl was added. evolution of carbon confirmed
[2] To the solution of the salt dioxide which turns lime water
magnesium sulphate solution was milky.
added. [2] White precipitate was
obtained.

TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:

Experiment Observation Inference
Dilute sulphuric acid No Observation CO32 – SO32 – S2
test –
NO 2– are
absent
A small amount of salt
was treated with 1-2 ml
of dilute sulphuric acid.
Concentrated sulphuric No Observation Cl – Br – I –
acid test NO3 –
CH3COO – are
A small amount of salt
absent
was treated with 1-2 ml
of conc.sulphuric acid.
Salt solution + conc.HNO3 A canary yellow ppt. was obtained. PO43–
, boiled. Then + confirmed
Ammonium molybdate
solution + boiled.
TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
Experiment Observation Inference
Test for ammonium (ZERO No Gas evolved NH4+ is absent.
GROUP)

A little of soda lime was added

to the salt on a watch glass and
rubbed with few drops of
water.
To the salt solution dil. HCl No ppt. was formed Gr-I ( Pb2+) is absent.
was added.
To the filtrate of the above No ppt. was formed Gr-II ( Pb2+ ,Cu 2+, As 3+) absent.
solution H2S gas was passed.
To the filtrate few drops of No ppt. was formed
conc. HNO3 was added and H2S Gr-III ( Fe3+) absent
gas was boiled off and filtered.
To the filtrate NH4Cl and
NH4OH were added.
To the filtrate of the above No ppt. was formed Gr-
solution H2S gas was passed. IV(Mn2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Co2+)Radicals
absent
GROUP –V ANALYSIS {The ppt. of group-V was dissolved in hot dil. acetic acid and divided into three parts:}

Experiment Observation Inference

[1] First part + Ammonium oxalate White ppt. was obtained Ca confirmed
2+

solution

RESULT: The given Salt contains carbonate (CO32 –) & Phospahte PO43– as anion &
Calcium Ca2+as cation.
Conclusion:

Several of the ingredients in toothpastes are found by some environmentally

damaging or hazardous to the personal health.

These ingredients include:

•Artificial flavoring
• Artificial colors
• Triclosan
• Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
• Detergents
• Fluoride
• Preservatives such as Methylparaben and Ethylparaben-parabens
• Pyrophosphate

Homemade tooth powders are made by mixing 3 parts baking soda (cleanser)
thoroughly with 1 part salt (the abrasive). As a direct result of these concerns, some
people have started making their own tooth paste instead, which -while still not
completely ecologic due to the use of baking soda- still eliminates much
environmentally or health damaging ingredients. Also, commercial toothpowders
are made which are less or even non-environmentally damaging. Such preparations
are made from herbal resins, propolis and myrrh.