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How To Correctly Use The Punctuation Marks in English - Handa Ka Funda - Online Coaching For CAT and Banking Exams
How To Correctly Use The Punctuation Marks in English - Handa Ka Funda - Online Coaching For CAT and Banking Exams
6/21/2019
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Observe the difference in the following
1.To mark the end of a sentence that is a complete statement e.g. My name’s Mark.
2.In some abbreviations, for example etc., Dec., or p.m.
If the abbreviation ends the sentence, no additional full stop is required
If the abbreviation appears at the end of a question, a question mark must be followed,
Comma
The Comma (,) is used to mark a slight break between different parts of a sentence
1.In lists of nouns, verbs, adjectives, phrases etc. – e.g. My breakfast is eggs, bacon, and porridge.
2.In direct speech – e.g. She said to me, “ I love you.”
3.To separate clauses – e.g. I know what I want, and what they want.
4.To mark off certain parts of a sentence – e.g. Mary, my wife, is an artist.
5.To introduce a participial phrase – e.g. Walking down the road, I saw a baby crying
6.To introduce tag questions – e.g. She will come here, won’t she?
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It is the comma used before the conjunction ‘and’
Semicolon
The Semicolon (;) is used to mark a break that is stronger than a comma but not as final as a full stop.
For example:
FANBOYS are always preceded by the comma, and not the semicolon
For example:
I am not present in the room, but my methods are. – (Correct – ‘But’ is a FANBOYS conjunction)
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Colon
The Colon (:) is used in the following ways:
1.Between two main clauses in cases where the second clause explains or follows from the first
e.g. It wasn’t easy: to begin with, I had to find the right paper.
Quotation Marks
Quotation Marks are of 2 types:
2.Single Quotation marks are used to mark off a word or phrase that’s being discussed, or that’s being
directly quoted from somewhere else
e.g. She calls it ‘the memory of trees.’
Some writers use Single Quotation marks (Instead of Double) to introduce direct speech,
If one quote is introduced within another, the ‘inside’ quote must appear in quotation marks different
from those of the ‘outside’ one
For example:
He said, “She said, ‘I do not agree to the plan.’ ” – (Correct – As per American English)
He said, ‘She said, “I do not agree to the plan.” ’ – (Also correct – As per British English)
Question Mark
The Question mark (?) is used to introduce the following:
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1.The end
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2.To introduce tag questions e.g. He is here, isn’t he?
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DO NOT use question marks before indirect questions
For example:
I wondered where he was. (Correct – An indirect question ends with a full stop)
Exclamation mark
The Exclamation mark (!) is used to end sentences that express an exclamation, such as
Emphatic expressions of surprise and astonishment
e.g. Yay! We won! – (Surprise)
Brackets
Brackets are of 3 kinds: Round ( ), Curly { }, and Square [ ]
Square brackets can be used for clarification if the original sentence includes a noun or pronoun that is
unclear
e.g. She said, “He [the police officer] can’t prove they did it.”
Apostrophe
The Apostrophe (’) is used to indicate the following:
Hyphen
The Hyphen (-) is used in the following ways:
Dashes
Dashes (-) (–) are used in the following ways:
To add parenthetical statements/comments e.g. All of them – John, Greg, and Jean – passed the exam.
To create emphasis in a sentence e.g. The wine – it was French – complemented the main course
To create breaks in thought and shifts in tone e.g. He can look at a map for hours – it fascinates him!
The Em Dash (–) is used everywhere else – primarily substituting commas, parentheses, and colons.
However, the Em Dash is always more emphatic than these three punctuation marks.
Slash
The Slash (/) also known as Solidus is used the following ways:
The word substitute for ‘or’ which indicates a choice (often mutually-exclusive)
e.g. He/She may be able to do it.
Ellipsis
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The Ellipsis
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Each full stop should have a single space on either side,
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except when adjacent to a quotation mark, in which case there should be no space
For example:
If only you were there . . . It doesn’t matter anymore. – (without adjacent quotation marks)
‘Well! I mean…’ – (with adjacent quotation marks – No spaces before or after the full stops)
I work with a newspaper writer, and my wife works with a magazine – (Correct but repetitive)
I work with a newspaper, and my wife, with a magazine – (Shortened with an Elliptical Comma)
Hyphen
Comma
Semicolon
Inverted commas
(SNAP 2009)
(SNAP 2009)
Q3. Identify the Grammatically Correct and Appropriate Sentence(s) – CAT 2007
1. Last Sunday, we went canoeing on the Brahmaputra river. You could see eagles high in the trees
above us.
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