Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 22

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

1

Bar Review Notes
in

r
LABOR LAW and JURISPRUDENCE
Ba E\
Dean Salvador A. Poquiz
es

bl

$/DZRQ'LVPLVVDO

o

r
  6HFXULW\ RI 7HQXUH ± LV WKH ULJKW RI D ZRUNHU WR FRQWLQXH LQ HPSOR\PHQW XQWLO WKH VDPH LV
R

Ba
WHUPLQDWHGIRUDYDOLGFDXVH MXVWRUXQDXWKRUL]HG 
an


s
 'RFWULQHRI3HUSHWXDO(PSOR\PHQW±6HFXULW\RIWHQXUHLVDFRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\JXDUDQWHHGULJKW
e
h

bl

RIDQHPSOR\HH+RZHYHULWGRHVQRWPHDQSHUSHWXDOHPSOR\PHQWIRUWKHHPSOR\HH(Phil. Village Hotel


C

v. NLRC, G.R. no. 115033, 28 February 1994). 7KLVGRFWULQHLVRSSRVHGWRWKHH[HUFLVHRIPDQDJHPHQW


o

SUHURJDWLYHWRGLVPLVVDQHPSOR\HHIRUDYDOLGFDXVH
R


an

 5HOLHIV1RUPDO&RQVHTXHQFHVRI,OOHJDO'LVPLVVDO

h

D 5HLQVWDWHPHQW±UHVWRUDWLRQRIWKHGLVPLVVHGHPSOR\HHWRKLVIRUPHUSRVLWLRQZLWKRXWORVV
C

RIVHQLRULW\ULJKWVDQGRWKHUSULYLOHJHV

E )XOOEDFNZDJHV±UHVWRUDWLRQRIWKHORVWLQFRPHRIDQHPSOR\HHGXHWRLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDO
)XOOEDFNZDJHVDUHDZDUGHGEHFDXVHLQFRPHHDUQHGE\WKHHPSOR\HHIURPRWKHUVRXUFHVVKDOO
QRWEHGHGXFWHGIURPWKHEDFNZDJHV

F 'DPDJHV±LQGHPQLW\UHFRYHUDEOHE\DQHPSOR\HHZKRKDVVXVWDLQHGLQMXU\WRKLVULJKWWR
ODERUZKLFKLVSURSHUW\ZLWKLQWKHPDQWOHRIFRQVWLWXWLRQDOSURWHFWLRQ

G $WWRUQH\¶V)HHV –$WWRUQH\¶VIHHVDUHDZDUGHGWRDQHPSOR\HHGXHWRXQODZIXOZLWKKROGLQJ

r
RIKLVZDJHVRUKHLVFRPSHOOHGWROLWLJDWHKLVFDVHE\KLULQJDODZ\HUWRUHSUHVHQWKLP$Q
Ba
DZDUGRIDWWRUQH\¶VIHHVXQGHU$UWLFOH,,,RIWKH/DERU&RGHLVLQWKHIRUPRIGDPDJHVLQWKHLU
H[WUDRUGLQDU\FRQFHSW
es

H OHJDOLQWHUHVWRQPRQHWDU\DZDUGV
bl


o

 0DQDJHPHQW3UHURJDWLYHWR'LVPLVV ±LWLVDPDQDJHPHQWSUHURJDWLYHWRGLVPLVVLWVHPSOR\HH

r
R

KRZHYHULWVKRXOGEHH[HUFLVHGZLWKRXWDEXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQ,WLVVXEMHFWWROLPLWDWLRQVIRXQGHGLQODZ
Ba
an

&%$RUSULQFLSOHVRIIDLUSOD\DQGMXVWLFH(Ferrer v. NLRC, G.R. No. 100898, 5 July 1993).


es
h

  'RFWULQH RI ,QFRPSDWLELOLW\ ± :KHUH WKH HPSOR\HH KDV GRQH VRPHWKLQJ WKDW LV FRQWUDU\ RU
bl
C

LQFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHIDLWKIXOSHUIRUPDQFHRIKLVGXWLHVKLVHPSOR\HUFDQYDOLGO\GLVPLVVKLP(Manila
o

Chauffeur’s League v. Bachrach Motor Co., O.G 159).


R

6. 3URFHGXUDOUHTXLUHPHQWVLQ'LVPLVVDO
an
h

D 3UH1RWLFH )LUVW1RWLFH RU)RUPDO6SHFLILF&KDUJHV±7KHSXUSRVHRIIRUPDOFKDUJHVLV


WRLQIRUPWKHHPSOR\HHRIWKHVSHFLILFFKDUJHVDJDLQVWKLP
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

2

E  $GHTXDWH DQG 5HVSRQVLYH $QVZHU ± 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR HQDEOH WKH HPSOR\HH WR SUHSDUH
DGHTXDWHO\KLVUHVSRQVLYHDQGLQWHOOLJLEOHDQVZHU

r

Ba
F) $PSOH2SSRUWXQLW\WREH+HDUG±8QGHUH[LVWLQJMXULVSUXGHQFHZKLOHIRUPDOKHDULQJRU
FRQIHUHQFHLVLGHDOLWLVQRWDQDEVROXWHPDQGDWRU\RUH[FOXVLYHDYHQXHRIGXHSURFHVV:KDWLV
s
SDUDPRXQWLQWHUPLQDWLRQIRUDMXVWFDXVHLVWRSURYLGHDQHPSOR\HHDQ³DPSOHRSSRUWXQLW\WR
e

EHKHDUGDQGWRGHIHQGKLPVHOI´,QGHHGQRWLFHDQGKHDULQJFDQEHGLVSHQVHGZLWK(Perez v.
bl

PT&T, G.R. No. 152048, 29 April 2009).


o

r

R

Ba
G 3RVW1RWLFH 1RWLFHRI'LVPLVVDO ±7KHGHFLVLRQWRGLVPLVVLVFRQWDLQHGLQWKHODVWQRWLFH
an

ZKLFKVWDWHVWKHUHDVRQWKHUHIRUH7KLVLVDOVRGHVLJQHGIRUWKHHPSOR\HHWRFRQWHVWWKHYDOLGLW\
s
RIWKHGLVPLVVDOE\ILOLQJWKHSURSHUFRPSODLQWIRULOOHJDOGLVPLVVDOZLWKWKH5HJLRQDO$UELWUDWLRQ
e
h

%UDQFKRIWKH1/5&
bl
C


o

7\SHVRI'XH3URFHVV
R

 
an

 D  &RQVWLWXWLRQDO ± SURWHFWV D SHUVRQ IURP WKH JRYHUQPHQW DQG DVVXUHV KLP RI KLV ULJKWV LQ
FULPLQDOFLYLORUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHSURFHHGLQJV
h


C

 E 6WDWXWRU\ ±GXHSURFHVVIRXQGLQWKH/DERU&RGHZKLFKSURWHFWVDQHPSOR\HHIURPLOOHJDO
GLVPLVVDO

 F  &RQWUDFWXDO ± GXH SURFHVV IRXQG LQ FRPSDQ\ SROLF\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV IRU WKH VWHSV WR EH
IROORZHGLQGLVPLVVDOEXWWKHVDPHZDVYLRODWHGE\WKHFRPSDQ\
7\SHVRI'LVPLVVDO 

 D 'LVPLVVDOIRUDMXVWFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV
 E 'LVPLVVDOIRUDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV
 F 'LVPLVVDOIRUKHDOWKUHDVRQVZLWKGXHSURFHVV
 G 'LVPLVVDOZLWKRXWMXVWRUDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV

r
H  'LVPLVVDO IRU MXVW RU DXWKRUL]HG FDXVH ZLWKRXW GXH SURFHVV (belated due process rule). $Q
Ba
HPSOR\HHGLVPLVVHGIRUYLRODWLRQRIWKLVUXOHLVHQWLWOHGWRDQDZDUGRIGDPDJHVXQGHU-DND)RRG
DQG$JDERQ5XOLQJV
es

 I GLVPLVVDOIRUDIDOVHRUQRQH[LVWHQWFDXVH
bl


'HJUHHRI3URRILQ,OOHJDO'LVPLVVDO
o

r

R

 $V D UXOH WKH TXDQWXP RI SURRI UHTXLUHG LQ ODERU SURFHHGLQJV LV VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH WKDW LV Ba
an

UHOHYDQWHYLGHQFHZKLFKDUHDVRQDEOHPLQGPLJKWDFFHSWDVDGHTXDWHWRMXVWLI\RUSURYHWKHFRQFOXVLRQ
es

+RZHYHUWKHonus probandi WRSURYHWKHYDOLGLW\RIGLVPLVVDOUHVWVXSRQWKHHPSOR\HUWRSURYHWKDWWKH


h

bl

GLVPLVVDORIDQHPSOR\HHLVIRUDMXVWFDXVHwith clear and convincing evidence. 7KLVTXDQWXPRISURRI


C

UHTXLUHGLVWRJLYHIOHVKDQGEORRGWRWKHVHFXULW\RIWHQXUHFODXVHRIWKHFRQVWLWXWLRQ(Duty Free Phils. V.


o

Tria, G.R. No. 174809, 27 June 2012).


R
an
h
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

3

Circumstances Affecting Validity of Dismissal – (Proportionality rule or Doctrine of Commensurate
Penalty)

r
 Ba
D JUDYLW\RIWKHRIIHQVH
 E OHQJWKRIVHUYLFH
s
 F HPSOR\PHQWSRVLWLRQ
e

 G WRWDOLW\RILQIUDFWLRQV FROOHFWLYHLQIUDFWLRQVUXOH 
bl

 H QDWXUHRIWKHEXVLQHVV
o

r
 I ILUVW±RIIHQVHUXOH
R

 Ba
J SULQFLSOHRIFRPSDVVLRQFKDULW\DQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
an

 K SULQFLSOHRIHTXLW\
s

e
h

-XVW&DXVHVIRU'LVPLVVDO
bl
C


o

 D 6HULRXV0LVFRQGXFW±ZURQJIXOFRQGXFWFRPPLWWHGLQDQDJJUDYDWHGRUVHULRXVPDQQHU(J
R

VH[XDOKDUDVVPHQWVH[XDOLQWHUFRXUVHLQFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHVILJKWLQJLQFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHVGUXJXVHHWF
an

 E  :LOOIXO 'LVREHGLHQFH ± WKLV LV DOVR NQRZQ DV LQVXERUGLQDWLRQ ZKLFK LV UHIXVDO WR REH\ D
UHDVRQDEOH DQG ODZIXO $Q LVRODWHG FDVH RI LQVXERUGLQDWLRQ ZLOO QRW MXVWLI\ GLVPLVVDO EXW UHSHDWHG
h

FRPPLVVLRQRIWKHVDPHMXVWLILHVGLVPLVVDO
C

 F *URVVDQG+DELWXDO1HJOHFWRI'XW\±LWFRQQRWHVZDQWRIFDUHLQWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIRQH¶V
GXWLHV (J D FRPSDQ\ JXDUG ZKR ZDV FDXJKW VOHHSLQJ GXULQJ KLV WRXU RI GXW\ (YHQ LI WKH DFW LV QRW
KDELWXDOLILWZHUHJURVVLWZLOOVWLOOMXVWLI\GLVPLVVDO

 G )UDXGRU:LOOIXO%UHDFKRI7UXVW

 )UDXG ± LQYROYHV D EUHDFK RI OHJDO GXW\ WUXVW RU FRQILGHQFH MXVWO\ UHSRVHG DQG LV LQMXULRXV WR
DQRWKHU

%UHDFKRI7UXVW±LQYROYHVPDWWHUVWKDWUHODWHWRSURWHFWLRQRIFRPSDQ\PRQH\RUSURSHUW\7KXV
DQHPSOR\HHHQWUXVWHGZLWKWUXVWDQGFRQILGHQFHEUHDFKHGVXFKWUXVWUHVXOWVLQWKHHPSOR\HU¶VORVV

r
RIFRQILGHQFH
 Ba
H &RPPLVVLRQRID&ULPLQDO2IIHQVH±DJDLQVWWKHSHUVRQRIWKHHPSOR\HULPPHGLDWHPHPEHUV
es

RIKLVIDPLO\LQFOXGLQJPDQDJHULDOHPSOR\HHV
bl


I $QDORJRXV&DXVHV±VXFKDVDEDQGRQPHQWYLRODWLRQRIQRJDPEOLQJUXOHRUJURVVLQHIILFLHQF\
o

r
HWF
R

 Ba
an

'LVWLQFWLRQVEHWZHHQ-XVW&DXVHDQG$XWKRUL]HG&DXVH'LVPLVVDO
es


h

bl

D ,QDMXVWFDXVHGLVPLVVDOWKHGLVPLVVDOSURFHVVLVLQLWLDWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HH2QWKHRWKHUKDQG
C

LQDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHGLVPLVVDOLWLVLQLWLDWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HU
o


R

E  ,Q MXVWFDXVH GLVPLVVDO SD\PHQW RI VHSDUDWLRQ SD\ LV QRW UHTXLUHG 7R\RWD 5XOLQJ   ,Q
an

DXWKRUL]HGFDXVHWKHODZPDQGDWHVSD\PHQWRIVHSDUDWLRQSD\

h

F )RUIDLOXUHWRFRPSO\ZLWKGXHSURFHVVUHTXLUHPHQWE\WKHHPSOR\HULQMXVWFDXVHGLVPLVVDO
C

KH LV OLDEOH WR SD\ LQGHPQLW\ ZKLFK LV WHPSHUHG 3KS   )RU YLRODWLRQ RI WKH GXH SURFHVV

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

4

UHTXLUHPHQWE\WKHHPSOR\HULQDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHGLVPLVVDOKHLVOLDEOHWRSD\LQGHPQLW\ZKLFKLVVWLIIHU
3KS 

r

Ba
$XWKRUL]HG&DXVHV
s
 D ,QWURGXFWLRQRIODERUVDYLQJGHYLFH DXWRPDWLRQ – UHSODFHPHQWRIZRUNHUVE\PDFKLQHVLQ
e

RUGHUWRHIIHFWPRUHHFRQRP\DQGJUHDWHUHIILFLHQF\LQWKHPHWKRGVRISURGXFWLRQ
bl


o

 E  5HWUHQFKPHQW 'RZQVL]LQJ 'HOD\HULQJ – UHGXFWLRQ RI SHUVRQQHO GXH WR SRRU ILQDQFLDO

r
R

UHWXUQV GHVLJQHG WR FXW GRZQ RQ FRVWV RI RSHUDWLRQV $OVR LWV SXUSRVH LV WR VDYH D ILQDQFLDOO\ DLOLQJ
Ba
an

FRPSDQ\IURPHYHQWXDOO\FROODSVLQJ (JATA Gen. Services v. NLRC, G.R. No. 148340, 26 January 2004).

e s
h

F 5HGXQGDQF\±LWH[LVWVZKHUHWKHVHUYLFHVRIDQHPSOR\HHDUHLQH[FHVVRIZKDWLVUHDVRQDEO\
bl
C

GHPDQGHGE\WKHDFWXDOUHTXLUHPHQWRIWKHHQWHUSULVHDoes redundancy refer to duplication of work? No. 


$SRVLWLRQLVredundant ZKHQLWLVVXSHUIOXRXVDQGLWLVWKHRXWFRPHRIVRPHIDFWRUVVXFKDVRYHUKLULQJ
o

RIZRUNHUVGHFOLQHLQWKHYROXPHRIEXVLQHVVHWF
R


an

G 'LVHDVHZKHQDQHPSOR\HHVXIIHUVIURPDGLVHDVHZKLFKFDQQRWEHFXUHGIRU  PRQWKVDQG
h

KLV FRQWLQXHG HPSOR\PHQW LV SURKLELWHG E\ ODZ RU SUHMXGLFLDO WR KLV KHDOWK RU WR WKH KHDOWK RI KLV FR
HPSOR\HHVWKHHPSOR\HUVKDOOWHUPLQDWHKLVVHUYLFHV:KDWLVFRQWHPSODWHGE\ODZLVHLWKHUFRQWDJLRXVRU
C

QRQFRQWDJLRXVGLVHDVH

H &ORVXUHRI%XVLQHVV±LWLVDPDQDJHPHQWSUHURJDWLYHWRFORVHLWVEXVLQHVVRSHUDWLRQVGXHWR
VHULRXVHFRQRPLFUHYHUVHVRUQRWGXHWRDGYHUVHHFRQRPLFFRQGLWLRQV

7RWDO &ORVXUH ± GXH WR VHULRXV HFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQV WKH FRPSDQ\ LV QRW OLDEOH WR SURYLGH
VHSDUDWLRQSD\+RZHYHULILWLVQRWGXHWRVHULRXVILQDQFLDOUHYHUVHVLWLVOLDEOHWRSD\òPRQWKSD\IRU
HYHU\\HDURIVHUYLFH1RWHWKDWSDUWLDOFORVXUHRIEXVLQHVVLVWUHDWHGUHWUHQFKPHQWWKXVDQHPSOR\HHLV
HQWLWOHGWRòPRQWKSD\IRUHYHU\\HDURIVHUYLFH


r
2WKHUIRUPV MXVWFDXVHV RIWHUPLQDWLRQE\DQHPSOR\HH FRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO 
 Ba
 &RQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO GLVPLVVDOLQGLVJXLVH ±LVTXLWWLQJIURPDMRERIDQHPSOR\HHEHFDXVH
es

FRQWLQXHG HPSOR\PHQW KDV EHFRPH LPSRVVLEOH XQUHDVRQDEOH XQOLNHO\ RU XQEHDUDEOH XQGHU WKH
FLUFXPVWDQFHVLWLQFOXGHVGHPRWLRQLQUDQNGLPLQXWLRQRIVDODULHVEHQHILWVDQGRWKHUSULYLOHJHV
bl


o

r
 D 6HULRXVLQVXOW±DQ\DFWRIWKHHPSOR\HUWKDWLQMXUHVRUZRXQGVWKHIHHOLQJVRIDQHPSOR\HH
R

ZKLFKPD\FRPSHOWKHODWWHUWRTXLWKLVMREUHVXOWVLQFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO Ba
an

 E  8QEHDUDEOH WUHDWPHQW ± DQ\ DFW WKDW DIIHFWV WKH PLQG DQG ERG\ VXFK DV LW SURGXFHV D
es

UHDVRQDEOH DSSUHKHQVLRQ RI SK\VLFDO YLROHQFH FDXVHV PHQWDO GLVWUHVV DQG VRUURZ ZKLFK FRPSHOOHG DQ
h

HPSOR\HHWRUHVLJQUHVXOWVLQFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO
bl
C

 F &RPPLVVLRQRID&ULPLQDO2IIHQVHE\WKHHPSOR\HUDJDLQVWWKHSHUVRQRIDQHPSOR\HH±
o

VXFKDVVODSSLQJWKHHPSOR\HHSOXVWKHWKUHDWRIVFUDWFKLQJKHUIDFHZLWKDSDLURIVFLVVRUVFRQVWLWXWHVDQ
R

RIIHQVHZLOOMXVWLI\HPSOR\HH¶VDFWRIVHYHULQJHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS
an


 1RWH,QFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDOWKHPRVWVLJQLILFDQWHOHPHQWLVquitting IURPWKHMRE
h


C




www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

5

(PSOR\PHQWQRWGHHPHGWHUPLQDWHG


r
 D %RQDILGHVXVSHQVLRQRIRSHUDWLRQRIEXVLQHVVQRWH[FHHGLQJ  PRQWKV
 Ba
E )XOILOOPHQWRIDSHUVRQDOFLYLFRUPLOLWDU\GXW\HYHQLWH[FHHGV  PRQWKV
 F )ORDWLQJVWDWXVRURIIGHWDLOVWDWXVIRUDSHULRGRI  PRQWKV
s
 G (PSOR\HHRQDOHDYHRIDEVHQFH
e

H  GD\ WLPH IUDPH IRU SUHYHQWLYH VXVSHQVLRQ RI DQ HPSOR\HH ,I LW H[FHHGV  GD\V LW
bl

PHWDPRUSKRVHVLQWRDFDVHRIFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDOXQOHVVSDLGKLVPRQWKO\VDODULHV
o

r
I  (PSOR\HH ILOHG D FDVH RI LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO (PSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS LV PHUHO\
R

VXVSHQGHG Ba
an


s
7\SHVRI5HJXODU(PSOR\PHQW
e
h


bl
C

$5HJXODU(PSOR\PHQW
o


R

 %\QDWXUHRIZRUN±WKHHPSOR\HHLVHQJDJHGWRSHUIRUPMREZKLFKLVXVXDOO\QHFHVVDU\RU
an

GHVLUDEOHLQWKHXVXDOEXVLQHVVRUWUDGHRIWKHHPSOR\HU (JPHFKDQLFLQDQDXWRUHSDLUVKRS 
 
h

 %\\HDUVRIVHUYLFH±WKHHPSOR\HHUHQGHUVVHUYLFHVIRUDWOHDVWRQH\HDURIVHUYLFHZKHWKHU
C

VXFKVHUYLFHLVFRQWLQXRXVRUEURNHQZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHDFWLYLW\LQZKLFKKHLVHPSOR\HG

  8SRQWKH H[SLUDWLRQ RI WKH SUREDWLRQDU\ SHULRG ±WKH JHQHUDO SUREDWLRQDU\ SHULRG LV VL[  
PRQWKVEH\RQGWKHVL[PRQWKSHULRGWKHHPSOR\HHEHFRPHVDUHJXODUHPSOR\HH)RUWHDFKHUV
ZLWKIXOOWLPHVDWLVIDFWRU\VHUYLFHWKHSUREDWLRQLVWKUHH  \HDUVQRWWKUHH  VFKRRO\HDUV
 
 1RWH 7KH HPSOR\HU DQG WKH HPSOR\HH FDQ DJUHH RQ SUREDWLRQ EHORZ VL[   PRQWKV ZKLFK LV
IDYRUDEOHWRWKHHPSOR\HH$OVRWKH\FDQDJUHHEH\RQGVL[  PRQWKVHVSHFLDOO\LIWKHQDWXUHRIWKHMRE
UHTXLUHVH[WHQVLYHWUDLQLQJ 3/'75XOLQJ 

  8SRQH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHWUDLQLQJSHULRGRIVSHFLDOW\SHVRIZRUNHUVXQGHU%RRN,,RIWKH/DERU

r
&RGH
 Ba
  3UHWHUPLQDWLRQRIOHDUQHUVKLSFRQWUDFW±SURYLGHGDOHDUQHUKDVDOUHDG\EHHQWUDLQHGIRUWZR
es

 PRQWKV
bl


  &DVXDOHPSOR\HH±ZKRKDVUHQGHUHGDWOHDVWRQH\HDURIVHUYLFHDUHJXODUHPSOR\HH
o

r

R

 &RQVWDQWUHKLULQJRUUHQHZDORIFRQWUDFWVXFKDVFRQVWDQWSURMHFWHPSOR\HHVH[FHSWLRQ2):V Ba
an

DQGVHDPHQZKRZHUHHPSOR\HGIRUDIL[HGWHUPRUFRQWUDFWXDOEDVLV
es


h

bl

 6HDVRQDOHPSOR\HHVZKRDUHHPSOR\HGIURPVHDVRQWRVHDVRQSHUIRUPLQJWKHVDPHWDVN
C

 
o

  1RQSURMHFWHPSOR\HHVEHORQJLQJWKHZRUNSRROZKRDUHQRWDOORZHGWRSURYLGHWKHLUVHUYLFHV
R

WRRWKHU
an

HPSOR\HUV

h

%&DVXDO(PSOR\PHQW±HPSOR\HHLVHQJDJHGWRZRUNLQDQDFWLYLW\WKDWLVQRWXVXDOO\QHFHVVDU\RU
C

GHVLUDEOHLQWKHXVXDOEXVLQHVVRIWKHHPSOR\HU(J$FDUSHQWHUKLUHGWRUHSDLUWKHURRIRIDQDXWRUHSDLU

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

6

VKRSLVDFDVXDOHPSOR\HHEHFDXVHKHSHUIRUPVMREWKDWLVRQO\LQFLGHQWDOWRWKHSULQFLSDODFWLYLW\RIWKH
HPSOR\HU,IWKHFDUSHQWHUZDVDEOHWRUHSDLULWIRUWKUHH  \HDUVZKDWLVKLVVWDWXV"

r

Ba
& )L[HGWHUP IL[HGSHULRG RU FRQWUDFWXDO HPSOR\PHQW ± $Q HPSOR\HH LV HQJDJHG WR ZRUN RQ D
VSHFLILF SURMHFW RU XQGHUWDNLQJ WKH FRPSOHWLRQ RI ZKLFK KDV EHHQ GHWHUPLQHG DW WKH WLPH RI WKH
s
HQJDJHPHQW RI WKH HPSOR\HH The contract terminates by itself with the expiration of the contract or
e
bl

completion of the project.



o

r
%/DZRQ3UHVFULSWLRQRI2IIHQVHVDQG&ODLP
R

 Ba
an

 D 3XUHO\PRQH\FODLPV±\HDUV
s
 E ,QFUHPHQWDOSURFHHGVDULVLQJIURPWXLWLRQIHHV±\HDUV
e
h

 F 6HUYLFH,QFHQWLYH/HDYH±\HDUV
bl
C

 G &ULPLQDOFDVHVXQGHUWKH/DERU&RGH±\HDUV
o

 ([FHSW
R

  8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH±\HDU
an

  6LPSOHLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
  6\QGLFDWHGLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
h

  /DUJHVFDOHLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
C

  &ULPLQDODVSHFWLQ6RFLDO6HFXULW\/DZ±\HDUV
 H 8QLRQIXQG±\HDUV
 I (PSOR\HHVFRPSHQVDWLRQFODLPV±\HDUV
 J ,OOHJDOGLVPLVVDO±\HDUV(Callanta v. Carnation Phils., 145 SCRA 268)
 K 5HLQVWDWHPHQW±\HDUV 
L %DFNZDJHVGDPDJHV$WWRUQH\¶VIHHVOHJDOLQWHUHVWRQPRQHWDU\DZDUGV±\HDUV
(Arriola v. Pilipino Star, G.R. No. , 13 August 2014) 
M 6RFLDOVHFXULW\FODLPV±\HDUV
*RYHUQPHQWFODLPVRQSUHPLXPV±\HDUV
N *6,6FODLPV±\HDUV
([FHSW

r
 /LIHLQVXUDQFHFODLPV±LPSUHVFULSWLEOH
 5HWLUHPHQWFODLPV±LPSUHVFULSWLEOH Ba

es

&/DERU5HODWLRQV/DZ
bl


 7ULVHFWRUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH1/5&
o

r
 
R

7KH1/5&LVDWULVHFWRUDOERG\ZKRVHFRPSRVLWLRQFRPHVIURPWKHJRYHUQPHQWODERUDQG Ba
an

PDQDJHPHQWVHFWRUV,WVLWVen banc IRUSXUSRVHVRISROLF\GHWHUPLQDWLRQDQGSURPXOJDWLRQRIUXOHV


es

DQGUHJXODWLRQVJRYHUQLQJLWVSURFHHGLQJV7KHKHDULQJDQGGLVSRVLWLRQRIFDVHVEHIRUHDQ\RILWV
h

bl

GLYLVLRQVRULWVUHJLRQDODUELWUDWLRQEUDQFKHVDUHDQH[HUFLVHRILWVTXDVLMXGLFLDOIXQFWLRQV
C

 1/5&VDGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVH[HUFLVHGWKURXJKGLYLVLRQ
o


R

7KH1/5&H[HUFLVHVLWVDGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVDQGDOORWKHUSRZHUVDQGGXWLHVWKURXJKLWV
an

GLYLVLRQV7KHDivisions RIWKH1/5&KDYHH[FOXVLYHDSSHOODWHMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUFDVHVZLWKLQWKHLU
UHVSHFWLYHWHUULWRULDOMXULVGLFWLRQ(Mina v. NLRC, 14 July 1995 
h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

7

1/5&&RPPLVVLRQHUVDQG/DERU$UELWHUV


r
 7KH1/5&&RPPLVVLRQHUVDQG/DERU$UELWHUVVKDOOKROGRIILFHGXULQJJRRGEHKDYLRU
Ba
XQWLOWKH\UHDFKWKHDJHRI\HDUV7KH3UHVLGHQWPD\H[WHQGWKHLUVHUYLFHVWR\HDUVXSRQWKH
UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRIWKH&RPPLVVLRQen banc.
s
 7KH3UHVLGHQWVKDOODSSRLQWWKHPZLWKRXWWKHFRQILUPDWLRQRIWKH&RPPLVVLRQRQ
e

$SSRLQWPHQWV
bl


o

r
-XULVGLFWLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHU
R

 Ba
D  8QIDLU ODERU SUDFWLFHV ([FHSW  8/3 FDVHV XQGHU WKH DVVXPSWLRQ SRZHU RI WKH
an

3UHVLGHQWRI6HFUHWDU\RI/DERULQDYLWDOLQGXVWU\GLVSXWHRUE\DJUHHPHQWSIWKHSDUWLHVWKURXJK
s
YROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQ
e
h

 E 7HUPLQDWLRQGLVSXWHV([FHSW±WHUPLQDWLRQGLVSXWHVXQGHUWKHDVVXPSWLRQSRZHURI
bl
C

WKH3UHVLGHQWRI6HFUHWDU\RI/DERURUE\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHVWKURXJKYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQ
o

 F 0RQH\FODLPVLQH[FHVVRI3KS([FHSW±PRQH\FODLPVXQGHUWKHDVVXPSWLRQ
R

SRZHU RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW RU 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU E\ DJUHHPHQW RI WKH SDUWLHV WKURXJK YROXQWDU\
an

DUELWUDWLRQ RU WKURXJK WKH H[HUFLVH E\ WKH 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRU RI WKH '2/( RI LWV YLVLWRULDO
LQVSHFWLRQ RUHQIRUFHPHQWSRZHUV
h

 G 'DPDJHV$QDZDUGRIGDPDJHVLVEURXJKWDERXWE\KLVLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDO7KHSXUSRVH
C

RIGDPDJHVLVLQGHPQLW\QRWSXQLVKPHQWEXWWRDOOHYLDWHWKHPRUDOVXIIHULQJKHKDVXQGHUJRQHE\
YLUWXHRIKLVXQZDUUDQWHGGLVPLVVDO
 H $OOPDWWHUVWKDWSHUWDLQWRDQ\FRQFHUWHGDFWLYLW\VXFKDVVWULNHSLFNHWLQJORFNRXWV
HWF
 I  $OO FODLPV WKDW KDYH UHDVRQDEOH FDXVDO FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH
UHODWLRQVKLS
 1RWH :LWK HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS ± ODERU WULEXQDOV ZLWKRXW HPSOR\HU
HPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS±UHJXODUFRXUWV
 J  $OO FODLPV DULVLQJ RXW RI HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS RI DQ 2): LQFOXGLQJ
GDPDJHVDQGGLVDELOLW\FODLPV(Sec. 10, R.A. 8042 as amended by R.A. 10022).
 K $OOFODLPVRIHPSOR\HHVRIJRYHUQPHQWRZQHGRUFRQWUROOHGFRUSRUDWLRQVZLWKRXW

r
RULJLQDOFKDUWHUVNQRZQDOVRDVVXEVLGLDULHVRUFRUSRUDWHRIIVSULQJVJRYHUQLQJODZ±ODERUFRGH
 Ba
L -XULVGLFWLRQRYHUFROODWHUDOPDWWHUV±,IWKH/DERU$UELWHUKDVMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUWKH
PDLQFDVHOLNHZLVHKHKDVMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUDOOPDWWHUVWKDWDUHFROODWHUDORULQFLGHQWDOWKHUHWR
es

(J LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO FDVH WKRVH WKDW DUH FROODWHUDO WKHUHWR PD\ LQFOXGH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI
bl

EDFNZDJHVGDPDJHVDWWRUQH\¶VIHHVLVVXDQFHRIZULWRIH[HFXWLRQRUPRWLRQWRTXDVK
 M  -XULVGLFWLRQ RYHU GHGXFWLRQV IRU WD[ SXUSRVHV DUH PRQH\ FODLPV XQGHU /DERU
o

r
$UELWHU¶VMXULVGLFWLRQ
R

 Ba
an

 &DVHVQRWFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
es

  
h

bl

D 7KHDJJUHJDWHDPRXQWRIPRQH\FODLPGRHVQRWH[FHHG3KS
C

  E &ODLPVIRUHPSOR\HH¶VFRPSHQVDWLRQVRFLDOVHFXULW\3KLOKHDOWKDQGPDWHUQLW\EHQHILWV
o

 F &ODLPIRUOLTXLGDWHGGDPDJHVIRUEUHDFKRIQRQFRPSHWHSURYLVLRQLQDQHPSOR\PHQW
R

FRQWUDFWLVDQLQWULQVLFDOO\DFLYLOGLVSXWH
an

 G 'HOLWRTXDVLGHOLWRRUWRUW
 H ,QWUDFRUSRUDWHFDVHVVXFKDVGLVPLVVDORIFRUSRUDWHRIILFHUVVKDOOEHFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH
h

5HJLRQDO7ULDO&RXUWDFWLQJDVFRUSRUDWHFRXUWXQGHU6HFXULWLHV&RGHRI
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

8

 7KHFRUSRUDWHRIILFHUVDUHWKRVHPHQWLRQHGLQWKH&RUSRUDWLRQ&RGHDQGWKHE\ODZV,WLV
VHWWOHGWKH%RDUGRI'LUHFWRUVFDQQRORQJHUFUHDWHFRUSRUDWHRIILFHVWKURXJK%RDUG5HVROXWLRQV

r
EHFDXVHWKHLUSRZHUWRFUHDWHVXFKRIILFHVFDQQRWEHGHOHJDWHG(Matling Industrial and Commercial
Ba
Corp., v. Corros, G.R. No. 157802, 13 October 2010).
I 'LVPLVVDOFDVHILOHGDJDLQVWDORFDOZDWHUGLVWULFWLVJRYHUQHGE\WKH&LYLO6HUYLFH/DZ
s
 J FDVHVLQYROYLQJJRYHUQPHQWRZQHGRUFRQWUROOHGFRUSRUDWLRQVZLWKRULJLQDOFKDUWHUV
e

DUHJRYHUQHGE\&LYLO6HUYLFH/DZ(P.D. 807, as amended).


bl

 K &DVHVRQXQUHVROYHGJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRUHQIRUFHPHQWRI&%$RU
o

r
FRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
R

 Ba
L &DVHVDULVLQJIURPYLRODWLRQRIWUDLQLQJDJUHHPHQWV(JLQ$SSUHQWLFHVKLSMXULVGLFWLRQ
an

UHVWVXSRQLQLWLDOO\ZLWK$SSUHQWLFHVKLS3ODQW&RPPLWWHH
s
 M ,QWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVZLWKIXQFWLRQDOLPPXQLWLHVVXFKDV6($)'(&,55,DQG
e
h

$'%DUHEH\RQGWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHU
bl
C

 N 0HPEHUVRIWKHGLSORPDWLFFRUSVZLWKGLSORPDWLFLPPXQLWLHV
o

O 0RQH\FODLPVDJDLQVWJRYHUQPHQWDJHQFLHVVXFKDVWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH
R

7KHFODLPVKRXOGEHILOHGZLWKWKH&RPPLVVLRQRQ$XGLW
an

 P 7KH/DERU$UELWHUKDVQRMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUFDVHVWKDWKDYHEHFRPHILQDODQG
H[HFXWRU\XQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRILPPXWDELOLW\RIILQDOMXGJPHQW7KHH[FHSWLRQLVZKHQWKHUHZDV
h

DPRWLRQILOHGIRUSXUSRVHVRIUHFRPSXWDWLRQRIPRQHWDU\DZDUGV(Lim v. HRM, Phils., G.R. No.


C

201483, 14 August 2014). 


 Q 7KH/DERU$UELWHUKDVQRSRZHUWRLVVXHDZULWRILQMXQFWLRQLQODERUGLVSXWHV
LQYROYLQJDVWULNHRUORFNRXW(Article 224, infra).

1/5&3RZHUV
 
 D &RQWHPSWSRZHU±WKH1/5&KDVWKHSRZHUWRKROGDSHUVRQLQFRQWHPSWDQGLPSRVH
DSSURSULDWH SHQDOWLHV IRU DQ\ PLVEHKDYLRU RU PLVFRQGXFW WKDW PD\ REVWUXFW WKH H[HUFLVH RI LWV
SRZHUVDQGIXQFWLRQV
 E ,QMXQFWLYHSRZHU±WKHSXUSRVHRIDQLQMXQFWLYHZULWLVWRSUHVHUYHWKHstatus quo XQWLO
WKHPHULWVRIWKHFDVHDUHIXOO\KHDUG7KHLVVXDQFHUHTXLUHVDKHDULQJDWZKLFKSDUWLHVDUHJLYHQ

r
WKHRSSRUWXQLW\WREHKHDUG0D\WKH1/5&LVVXHD7HPSRUDU\UHVWUDLQLQJ2UGHUex parte? <HV
Ba
5HDVRQ±LWLVDPHUHLQWHUORFXWRU\RUGHUZKLFKFRQWHPSODWHVIXUWKHUKHDULQJIRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI
DWHPSRUDU\LQMXQFWLRQXSRQQRWLFHWRWKHDGYHUVHSDUW\,QGHHGLWFDQEHLVVXHGZLWKRXWQRWLFH
es

DQGKHDULQJZKHQWKHXUJHQ\RIWKHVLWXDWLRQRUH[WUHPHQHFHVVLW\GHPDQGV(Bisig v. NLRC, 226


bl

SCRA 499). 
 F &DVHVXQGHUDVVXPSWLRQSRZHURIWKH3UHVLGHQWDQG6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUFHUWLILHG
o

r
WRWKH1/5&IRUFRPSXOVRU\DUELWUDWLRQ
R

 G $SSHOODWHSRZHU Ba
an

 &DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH/DERU&RGHDQG
es

6HFWLRQ  RI5$RYHUFDVHVLQYROYLQJ2):VDQGVHDIDUHUV
h

bl

 :DJHGLVWRUWLRQFDVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH
C

/DERU&RGHLQQRQXQLRQL]HGHVWDEOLVKPHQWV
o

 &DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVRQFRQWHVWHGFDVHVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH
R

/DERU&RGHRQYLVLWRULDODQGHQIRUFHPHQWSRZHUV
an

 &DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVRIWKH'2/(LQWKHH[HUFLVHRIWKHLU
DGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH/DERU&RGH
h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

9

3ULQFLSOHRIHPDQFLSDWLRQRIODERUUHODWLRQV GRFWULQHRIVSHHG\ODERUMXVWLFH 


r
7KLVSULQFLSOHVLPSO\SURYLGHVWKDWUXOHVRISURFHGXUHDQGHYLGHQFHLQFRXUWVRIODZRU
Ba
HTXLW\VKDOOQRWFRQWUROODERUSURFHHGLQJV7KHVDPHPD\EHUHOD[HGLQODERUFDVHVWRVHUYHWKH
GHPDQGVRIVXEVWDQWLDOMXVWLFH(Havtor v. NLRC, 372 SCRA 271).
es

 3RVLWLRQSDSHUSURFHHGLQJVQRWYLRODWLYHRIGXHSURFHVV
bl


o

r
/DERUFDVHVFDQEHGHFLGHGRQWKHEDVLOVRISRVLWLRQSDSHUVDQGRWKHUGRFXPHQWVZLWKRXW
R

Ba
UHVRUWLQJ WR WHFKQLFDO UXOHV RI SURFHGXUH DQG HYLGHQFH REVHUYHG LQ WKH FRXUW RI MXVWLFH 6XFK D
an

SURFHGXUHFRPSOLHVZLWKWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIGXHSURFHVV(Asia World v. Ople, 152 SCRA 219).


s

e
h

 *URXQGVIRUDSSHDO
bl
C

  
o

  D $EXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQ
R

  E )UDXGRUFRHUFLRQ
an

  F *UDIWDQGFRUUXSWLRQ
  G 4XHVWLRQRI/DZ
h

  H 6HULRXVHUURULQWKHILQGLQJRIIDFWV
C


 5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUDSSHDOWRWKH1/5&

D $PHPRUDQGXPRIDSSHDOFRS\IXUQLVKHGWKHRWKHUSDUW\)DLOXUHWRFRS\IXUQLVK
WKHRWKHUSDUW\LVQRWIDWDOWRDSSHDOLWLVDPHUHSURFHGXUDODQGIRUPDOODSVH

 E 3D\PHQWRIDSSHDOGRFNHWIHHRIILOLQJIHH1RQSD\PHQWLVIDWDOWRDSSHDOEHFDXVH
SD\PHQWRIGRFNHWIHHLVQRWDPDWWHURISURFHGXUHEXWDPDWWHURIMXULVGLFWLRQ,WLVMXULVGLFWLRQDO
UHTXLUHPHQW(Acda v. Minister of Labor, 119 SCRA 306).
F 3RVWLQJRIFDVKRUVXUHW\ERQGLIWKHMXGJPHQWLQYROYHVDPRQHWDU\DZDUG7KHODZ
IL[HV  W\SHVRIERQGFDVKRUVXUHW\7KHH[FHSWLRQLVSURSHUW\ERQGSXUVXDQWWR8(50UXOLQJ

r
1RWH 7KH DSSHOODQW HPSOR\HU VKRXOG SRVW D UHDVRQDEOH DPRXQW RI WKH ERQG  DQG
DERYH RUIXOODPRXQWRIWKHERQGWRSHUIHFWDQDSSHDOERQGLVQRWUHDVRQDEOH Ba
G 3URRIRIVHUYLFHWRWKHDGYHUVHSDUW\
es


bl

 0RWLRQWRUHGXFHERQGDFFRPSDQLHGE\SRVWLQJDQDSSHDOERQG

o

r
3XUVXDQWMc Bernie v. GanzonWKHDSSHOODQWHPSOR\HUFDQSRVWRIWKHDPRXQWRIWKH
R

ERQG+RZHYHULIWKH1/5&GHQLHGWKHPRWLRQWKHHPSOR\HULVJLYHQ  GD\VIUHVKSHULRGWR Ba
an

SRVWWKHIXOODPRXQWRIWKHERQG7KHSRVWLQJapplies only WRPRWLRQWRUHGXFHWKHERQGWR


es

SHUIHFWDQDSSHDO
h

bl


C

 5HFHLSWRIHYLGHQFHIRUWKHILUVWWLPHRQDSSHDODOORZHG
o


R

,WLVVHWWOHGWKH1/5&LVQRWSUHFOXGHGIURPUHFHLYLQJHYLGHQFHHYHQIRUWKHILUVWRQDSSHDO
an

EHFDXVHWHFKQLFDOUXOHVRISURFHGXUHDUHQRWELQGLQJLQODERUFDVHVv. NLRC; G.R. No. 148372, 27


June 2005).
h
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

10

 &KDQJHRIWKHRU\RQDSSHDOQRWSURSHU


r
$FKDQJHRUWKHRU\RQDSSHDOLVQRWSURSHU,WLVRIIHQVLYHWRWKHEDVLFUXOHVRIIDLUSOD\DQG
Ba
YLRODWLYHRIGXHSURFHVV7KXVprescriptionFDQQRWEHUDLVHGIRUWKHILUVWWLPHRQDSSHDOPXFKOHVV
LQDPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ(Dosch v. NLRC; 123 SCRA 296; Jacqueline Ind. V. NLRC, 69
s
SCRA 242).
e
bl

 /DERU$UELWHU¶VGHFLVLRQDVWRUHLQVWDWHPHQWDVSHFWLPPHGLDWHO\VHOIH[HFXWRU\ 3LRQHHU
o

r
UXOLQJ 
R

 Ba
an

$VWRWKHUHLQVWDWHPHQWDVSHFWRIWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHULWLVLPPHGLDWHO\self-
s
executory; WKDWLVWKHHPSOR\HHLVUHVWRUHGWRKLVIRUPHUSRVLWLRQVDQVWKHSURFHGXUDOUHTXLUHPHQW
e
h

RIDZULWRIH[HFXWLRQ7KLVDSSOLHVRQO\LQWKH/DERU$UELWHUOHYHOQRWZLWK1/5&&$RUWKH
bl
C

6XSUHPH&RXUW
o


R

 5HLQVWDWHPHQWSHQGLQJDSSHDO 5HIXQGGRFWULQHDEDQGRQHG 
an


7KHHPSOR\HULVJLYHQ  RSWLRQVXQGHUWKHODZWKDWLVWRUHLQVWDWHWKHHPSOR\HHDFWXDOO\
h

RULQWKHSD\UROO,IWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWILQDOO\ILQGVOHJDOGLVPLVVDODQGVHWVDVLGHWKHGHFLVLRQVa
C

quo ILQGLQJLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDOWKHHPSOR\HHUHLQVWDWHGLQWKHSD\UROOLVQRWUHTXLUHGWRUHLPEXUVH
WKHVDODULHVUHFHLYHGSHQGLQJDSSHDOEHFDXVHWKHSULQFLSOHRIVRFLDOMXVWLFHUHQGHUVLQDSSOLFDEOHWR
WKHFLYLOODZGRFWULQHRIXQMXVWHQULFKPHQW(Garcia v. Pal; G.R. 164856, 20 January 2009).

 1/5&GHFLVLRQVXEMHFWWRSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLRUDULSXUVXDQWWR6W0DUWLQ¶V)XQHUDO+RPH
UXOLQJ

7KHSDUW\DGYHUVHO\DIIHFWHGE\WKH1/5&GHFLVLRQPD\REWDLQDUHYLHZDQGQXOOLILFDWLRQ
RIWKDWGHFLVLRQWKURXJKWKHH[WUDRUGLQDU\ZULWRIFHUWLRUDULXQGHU5XOHWREHLQLWLDOO\ILOHGZLWK
WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVXQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRIKLHUDUFK\RI&RXUWV


r
3HWLWLRQIRUUHYLHZRQFHUWLRUDULWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWIURPWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH&RXUWRI
$SSHDOVXQGHU5XOH Ba

es

7KH DSSHDO IURP D ILQDO GLVSRVLWLRQ RI WKH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV LV D SHWLWLRQ IRU UHYLHZ RQ
bl

FHUWLRUDULXQGHU5XOH8QGHU5XOHWKHUHJOHPHQWDU\SHULRGWRDSSHDOLVILIWHHQ  GD\V
IURPQRWLFHRIMXGJPHQWRUGHQLDORIWKHPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ(ATC v. CA; G.R. 144664, 16
o

r
March 2004).
R

  Ba
an

 -XGLFLDOUHYLHZRITXHVWLRQVRIIDFWV
es


h

bl

7KHILQDORUGHURUUHVROXWLRQRIWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVPD\EHDSSHDOHGWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUW
C

E\ILOLQJDSHWLWLRQIRUUHYLHZXQGHU5XOHJURXQGHGRQSXUHO\question of law, ZKLFKLVILIWHHQ


o

 GD\VIURPQRWLFHRIMXGJPHQWRUGHQLDORIWKHPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ
R


an

4XHVWLRQVRIIDFWVVKRXOGQRWEHUHYLHZHGE\WKH6XSUHPH&RXUWDVLWLVQRWDWULHURIIDFWV
+RZHYHUMXGLFLDOUHYLHZRIILQGLQJVRIIDFWVDUHDOORZHGXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJLQVWDQFHV
h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

11

D  :KHQ WKH IDFWXDO ILQGLQJV RI WKH /DERU $UELWHU WKH 1/5& DQG WKH &RXUW RI
$SSHDOVDUHFRQWUDGLFWRU\RUGLDPHWULFDOO\RSSRVHGWRHDFKRWKHU

r
E  :KHQ WKH FRQFOXVLRQV RI WKH &$ DUH EDVHG RQ VSHFXODWLRQV VXUPLVHV
Ba FRQMHFWXUHVDQGPLVDSSUHKHQVLRQRIIDFWV
F :KHQWKH&$IDLOHGWRFRQVLGHUIDFWVZKLFKLISURSHUO\FRQVLGHUHGZRXOGMXVWLI\
s
DGLIIHUHQWFRQFOXVLRQ(Bascon v. CA; G.R. No. 144899, 5 February 2004). 
e


bl

 :ULWRIH[HFXWLRQLVVXHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
o

r

R

Ba
$IWHUWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHSUHH[HFXWLRQFRQIHUHQFHWKH/DERU$UELWHUFDQLVVXHDZULWRI
an

H[HFXWLRQDVLWLVLWVPLQLVWHULDOGXW\RQFHWKHGHFLVLRQKDVEHFRPHILQDODQGH[HFXWRU\
s
 *URXQGVIRUPRWLRQWRTXDVK
e
h


bl
C

  $ZULWRIH[HFXWLRQPD\EHTXDVKHGRQWKHIROORZLQJJURXQGV
o

   D 7KHZULWKDVEHHQLPSURYLGHQWO\LVVXHG
R

   E 7KHZULWLVLVVXHGWRQRQSDUW\
an

   F 7KHZULWLVLVVXHGZLWKRXWDXWKRULW\DQG
   G 7KHZULWLVGHIHFWLYHGXHWRWKHLUUHJXODULW\LQWKHLVVXDQFH
h

   (+HLUVRI*XEDOOD6&5$518).
C

 ([HFXWLRQSHQGLQJDSSHDO

$SDUW\PD\DOUHDG\PRYHIRUWKHH[HFXWLRQRIWKHPRQHWDU\DZDUGRIWKH1/5&HYHQ
GXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIWKHSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLRUDULRIWKH1/5&GHFLVLRQDZDUGLQJWKHVDPHZLWK
WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVRUWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWXQOHVVUHVWUDLQHGE\WKHODWWHU(Brizuela v. Dingle; G.R.
175371 , 30 April 2008).

 %XUHDXRI/DERU5HODWLRQV

  &RQFXUUHQWDQGRULJLQDOMXULVGLFWLRQRI%/5DQGWKH5HJLRQDO2IILFHRIWKH'2/(

r
   D $OOLQWHUXQLRQDQGLQWUDXQLRQFRQIOLFWVDQG
   E $OOGLVSXWHVDIIHFWLQJODERUPDQDJHPHQWUHODWLRQVLQDOOZRUNSODFHV Ba
  &RQFXUUHQWDGPLQLVWUDWLYHIXQFWLRQVRIWKH%/5DQG'2/(5HJLRQDO2IILFH
es

   D 5HJLVWUDWLRQVRIODERUXQLRQV
bl

   E .HHSLQJDUHJLVWU\RIDOOODERUXQLRQVDQG
   F .HHSLQJDILOHRIDOO&%$V
o

r

R

 &RPSODLQWVLQYROYLQJIHGHUDWLRQVQDWLRQDOXQLRQVHWF Ba
an


es

$OOFRPSODLQWVRUSHWLWLRQVLQYROYLQJIHGHUDWLRQVQDWLRQDOXQLRQVRULQGXVWU\XQLRQVVKDOO
h

bl

EHILOHGZLWK'2/(5HJLRQDO2IILFHRUWKH%/5EXWVXFKFRPSODLQWVKDOOEHKHDUGDQGUHVROYHG
C

E\WKH%/5
o

 
R

 &RQFLOLDWLRQ0HGLDWLRQIXQFWLRQRIWKH1&0%
an


  7KHFRQFLOLDWLRQPHGLDWLRQIXQFWLRQVRIWKH%/5DUHQRZWUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH1&0%
h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

12

 'XWLHVRIWKH1&0%LQFDVHRIEDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFNVWDOHPDWH


r
,IWKHSDUWLHVIDLOWRVHWWOHLVVXHVLQFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJDQ\SDUW\PD\GHFODUHDGHDGORFN
Ba
2QFHWKHUHLVDGHDGORFNWKHODZGLUHFWVWKH1&0%WRLQWHUYHQHHLWKHU
  D PRWXSURSULR
s
  E XSRQUHTXHVWRIWKHPDQDJHPHQW
e

  F XSRQUHTXHVWRIWKHXQLRQRU
bl

  G XSRQWKHMRLQWUHTXHVWRIWKHPDQDJHPHQWDQGWKHXQLRQ
o

r
 
R

Ba
4XLWFODLPGHFODUHGQXOODQGYRLG
an


s
$TXLWFODLPLQZKLFKWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQLVVFDQGDORXVO\ORZDQGLQHTXLWDEOHGRHVQRWEDU
e
h

WKHSXUVXLWRIWKHZRUNHU¶VOHJLWLPDWHFODLP,WLVQXOODQGYRLGIRUEHLQJFRQWUDU\WRSXEOLFSROLF\
bl
C

(Cruz v. NLRC, 203 SCRA 286).       


o


R

 5HJLVWU\RIXQLRQVUHJLVWUDWLRQRI&%$
an

  
  7KH%/5VKDOONHHSDUHJLVWU\RIDOOOHJLWLPDWHODERURUJDQL]DWLRQV,WVKDOODOVRUHJLVWHU
h

&%$V
C


 9DOLGLW\RI&%$

6XEVWDQWLYH YDOLGLW\ RI WKH &%$ LV QRW DIIHFWHG E\ QRQUHJLVWUDWLRQ +RZHYHU DQ
XQUHJLVWHUHG&%$GRHVQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQUXOH

 &RQWUDFWEDUUXOH

7KHH[LVWHQFHRIWKHGXO\UHJLVWHUHG&%$EDUVWKHKROGLQJRIDFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQRUDQ\
DFWLRQWKDWGLVWXUEVVXFK&%$
 

r
 ([FHSWLRQVWRWKHFRQWUDFWEDUUXOHFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQQRWEDUUHG
 Ba
  D &%$LVQRWUHJLVWHUHG6LQFHLWLVQRWUHJLVWHUHGLWZLOOQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
es

  E &%$LVLQFRPSOHWHLQDGHTXDWH VZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW 
bl

  F &%$ZDVSUHPDWXUHO\H[WHQGHG
  G 0DVVGLVDIILOLDWLRQIURPWKHPDMRULW\XQLRQ VFKLVPRUVSOLW DQG
o

r
  H &%$HQWHUHGLQWRGXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
R

 Ba
an

 /HJDOHIIHFWVRIUHJLVWUDWLRQRIDXQLRQ 5LJKWVRIDXQLRQ 
es


h

bl

  D 5LJKWVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDSSOLHVRQO\WRXQLRQPHPEHUV
C

 E 5LJKWWREHFHUWLILHGDVWKHFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWLQWKHEDUJDLQLQJXQLW±DSSOLHV
o

WRDOOHPSOR\HHV
R

  F 5LJKWWRDFTXLUHDQGGLVSRVHRISURSHUW\
an

  G 5LJKWWRVXHDQGEHVXHGLQLWVUHJLVWHUHGQDPH
  H 5LJKWWRHQJDJHLQDFWLYLWLHVZKLFKUHGRXQGWRWKHEHQHILWRIXQLRQPHPEHUV
h

  I 5LJKWWRWD[H[HPSWLRQDQG
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

13

 J 5LJKWWREHIXUQLVKHGZLWKHPSOR\HH¶VDXGLWHGILQDQFLDOVWDWHPHQWXSRQZULWWHQUHTXHVW
RIWKHXQLRQ

r
  
 Ba
5LJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ

s
7KH ULJKW WR VHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ DSSOLHV WR DOO HPSOR\HHV WR IRUP MRLQ RU DVVLVW LQ WKH
e

IRUPDWLRQRIDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQRUZRUNHUVDVVRFLDWLRQ7KLVLQFOXGHVHPSOR\HHVLQFRPPHUFLDO
bl

LQGXVWULDODJULFXOWXUDOUHOLJLRXVFKDULWDEOHPHGLFDORUHGXFDWLRQLQVWLWXWLRQVRSHUDWLQJIRUSURILW
o

r
RUQRW
R

Ba
$PEXODQW LQWHUPLWWHQW DQG LWLQHUDQW ZRUNHUV VHOIHPSOR\HG UXUDO ZRUNHUV DQG WKRVH
an

ZLWKRXWDQ\GHILQLWHHPSOR\HUVPD\IRUPDZRUNHUDVVRFLDWLRQIRUWKHLUPXWXDODLGDQGSURWHFWLRQ
s
EXWQRWIRUSXUSRVHVRIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
e
h


bl
C

 :KRFDQFDQQRWMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQ"
o


R

  D 6XSHUYLVRUVFDQQRWMRLQDUDQNDQGILOHXQLRQFRPLQJOLQJSURKLELWHG
an

 E (PSOR\HHVPHPEHUVRIDFRRSHUDWLYHFDQQRWMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQDQHPSOR\HH
PHPEHUFDQQRWEDUJDLQZLWKKLPVHOIRUKLVFRRZQHUV(CNEEC v. SOLE, 13 September 1991);
h

  F &RQILGHQWLDOHPSOR\HHVSHUIRUPLQJPDQDJHULDOIXQFWLRQVFDQQRWMRLQDODERU
C

RUJDQL]DWLRQ
 G  &RQILGHQWLDO HPSOR\HHV ZKR KDYH DFFHVV RQ FRQILGHQWLDO PDWWHUV RI SHUVRQV ZKR
H[HUFLVH PDQDJHULDO IXQFWLRQV LQ WKH ILHOG RI ODERU UHODWLRQV +RZHYHU FRQILGHQWLDO HPSOR\HHV
ZLWKRXW DFFHVV WR FRQILGHQWLDO ODERU UHODWLRQV PDWWHUV FDQ MRLQ (NATU v. Torres, 29 December
1994);
  H :RUNLQJFKLOGUHQFDQMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQ(P.D. 603);
  I +RPHZRUNHUVFDQMRLQDXQLRQ(D.O.5, 4 February 1992); 
  J ,QGHSHQGHQWFRQWUDFWRU¶VHPSOR\HHVFDQMRLQDXQLRQ(D.O. 18-02, 2002);
K ,QWKHJRYHUQPHQWVHFWRUWKHIROORZLQJFDQQRWIRUPRUMRLQDUDQNDQGILOHXQLRQ
  0HPEHUVRIWKH$)3313%-03%)3
  +LJKOHYHOHPSOR\HHVH[HUFLVLQJPDQDJHULDOIXQFWLRQV(E.O. 180);

r
L (PSOR\HHVRILQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQPD\MRLQEXWQRWIRUSXUSRVHVRIFROOHFWLYH
EDUJDLQLQJ(Kapisanan v. SOLE, 28 September 1990); Ba
es

M $OLHQHPSOR\HHVFDQQRWMRLQXQOHVVWKHLUFRXQWU\H[WHQGVWKHULJKWWR)LOLSLQRZRUNHUV
bl

(D.O. 40-03)
N 0DQDJHULDOHPSOR\HHVFDQQRWMRLQDXQLRQ(Article 251, Labor Code);
o

r
O 6XSHUYLVRUVPD\MRLQDXQLRQ
R

P 5DQNDQGILOHHPSOR\HHVFDQMRLQDXQLRQDQG Ba
an

Q 5DQNDQGILOHXQLRQDQGDVXSHUYLVRU¶VXQLRQEHORQJLQJWRWKHVDPHFRPSDQ\FDQMRLQ
es

WKHVDPHIHGHUDWLRQ(Article 251, Labor Code).


h

bl


C

8QIDLU/DERU3UDFWLFH
o


R

D $QXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHLVDQDFWE\DQHPSOR\HU±RUWKHLUDJHQWVZKLFKYLRODWHVWKH
an

ULJKWRIZRUNHUVWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
E 1DWXUHRI8/3±LWLVQRWRQO\DQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHRUFLYLORIIHQVHEXWDOVRDFULPLQDODFW
h

%XWWKHFULPLQDODVSHFWRI8/3FDQEHILOHGRQO\ZLWKWKHUHJXODUFRXUWVSURYLGHGWKHUHZDVDOUHDG\
C

DILQDOYHUGLFWE\WKH/DERU$UELWHURQWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHRUFLYLODVSHFWV

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

14

F 6HWWOHGLVWKHUXOHWKDWHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLSVKRXOGH[LVWLQ8/3  8/3V
FRPPLWWHGE\DJHQWV QRQHPSOR\HHV RIHLWKHUFRPSDQ\RUXQLRQ  \HOORZGRJFRQWUDFWDQG

r
 GRFWULQHRILQQRFHQWE\VWDQGHU(Liwayway Publishing Ruling).
Ba G (PSOR\HU8/3V
 ,QWHUIHUHQFH5HVWUDLQW&RHUFLRQ±FRPPLWWHGWKURXJKHFRQRPLFSK\VLFDORU
s
SV\FKRORJLFDOPHDQV7KHWHUP³LQWHUIHUHQFH´LVDOOHPEUDFLQJDVLWLQFOXGHVDOODFWVRIERWK
e

WKHHPSOR\HUDQGWKHXQLRQGHVLJQHGWRGLVFRXUDJHDFWLYHXQLRQLVP
bl

  <HOORZGRJ FRQWUDFW ± $ SHUVRQ ZKR VLJQV WKLV FRQWUDFW LV D FRZDUGO\ GRJ
o

r
EHFDXVH KH UHQRXQFHG KLV ULJKW WR VHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ +HUH WKH HPSOR\HU UHTXLUHV DQ
R

Ba
DSSOLFDQW WR WKH MRE WKDW KH VKRXOG QHYHU MRLQ WKH XQLRQ LQ WKH EDUJDLQLQJ XQLW RQFH
an

HPSOR\HG
s
 &RPSDQ\XQLRQLVP±,WPD\EHIRUPHGDWWKHLQVWDQFHRIDQHPSOR\HURULWLV
e
h

DOUHDG\DQDFWLYHXQLRQEXWWKHHPSOR\HUGDPSHQVLWVPLOLWDQF\E\FDSWXULQJLWE\NLQGQHVV
bl
C

RU E\ PDLQWDLQLQJ D FORVH SHUVRQDO UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK XQLRQ RIILFHUV RU E\ SURYLGLQJ
o

HFRQRPLFFRQFHVVLRQVWRVXFKXQLRQ
R

 'LVFULPLQDWLRQ±PDQLIHVWVLWVHOILQWKHIROORZLQJ'LVPLVVDOOD\RIIFORVXUHRI
an

EXVLQHVV UHKLULQJ WUDQVIHU UHWUHQFKPHQW RU WKUHDW WR FORVH WKH SODQW EHFDXVH RI XQLRQ
DFWLYLWLHV
h

 5HIXVDOWREDUJDLQ±,QGXW\WREDUJDLQLWUHTXLUHVWKHSDUWLHVWRPDQXDOO\EDUJDLQ
C

SURPSWO\ RQ UHDVRQDEOH WHUPV DQG FRQGLWLRQV RI HPSOR\PHQW DQG LQ JRRG IDLWK ,Q WKLV
FRQWH[WWKHIROORZLQJ8/3VPD\EHFRPPLWWHG
D 'HOD\LQJWKHEDUJDLQLQJSURFHVVE\WKHHPSOR\HUDVLWKDVQRLQWHQWLRQRI
VLJQLQJD&%$ZLWKWKHXQLRQ±VXUIDFHEDUJDLQLQJ
E 'HOD\LQJWKHVXEPLVVLRQE\WKHHPSOR\HURILWVFRXQWHUSURSRVDORUWKH
HPSOR\HULQLWVFRXQWHUSURSRVDOLQWLPDWHGWRWKHXQLRQWKDWLVVXEPLWWLQJWKHVDPH
RQDWDNHLWRUOHDYHLWEDUJDLQLQJ±%RXOZDUHLVP
F 7KHXQLRQVXEPLWWLQJ&%$SURSRVDOFRQWDLQLQJHFRQRPLFGHPDQGVWKDW
DUHXQUHDVRQDEOHRUH[DJJHUDWHG±%OXHVN\EDUJDLQLQJ
G 7KHHPSOR\HUVROGWKHVWRFNVWRDGXPP\FRUSRUDWLRQRUSXWVXSDVKRS
LQDQRWKHUDUHDZKHUHWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHEXVLQHVVRUHTXLSPHQWDUHWUDQVIHUUHG±

r
5XQDZD\VKRS
Ba
 *URVV)ODJUDQWYLRODWLRQRIWKH&%$±LWUHIHUVWRWKHYLRODWLRQRIWKHHFRQRPLF
SURYLVLRQVLQWKH&%$VXFKDVHVFDODWRUFODXVHDFURVVWKHERDUGZDJHLQFUHDVHHWF
es

  3URYLGLQJ WHVWLPRQ\ LQ MXGLFLDO TXDVLMXGLFLDO RU DGPLQLVWUDWLYH ERGLHV 7KLV


bl

8/3LVQRWUHODWHGZLWKYLRODWLRQRI5LJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
  3URYLGLQJ WKH XQLRQ ZLWK QHJRWLDWLRQ IHHV ± 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR SUHYHQW D
o

r
VZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
R

 &RQWUDFWLQJRXWRIVHUYLFHVWRDQLQGHSHQGHQWFRQWUDFWRUEH\RQGVL[  PRQWKV Ba
an

±FRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO
es

 
h

bl

 81,218/3V
C


o

D 5HVWUDLQWRUFRHUFLRQVXFKDVSUHYHQWLQJHPSOR\HHVZKRGRQRWZLVKWRMRLQWKHVWULNH
R

LQJRLQJWRRUUHWXUQLQJIURPZRUNGXULQJWKHVWULNH
an

E 'LVFULPLQDWLRQ±VXFKDVWKHDFWRIH[SHOOLQJDXQLRQPHPEHUIRUILOLQJFKDUJHVDJDLQVW
XQLRQRIILFHUV
h
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

15

F )HDWKHUEHGGLQJDFWLYLWLHV±7KLV8/3FRPPLWWHGDJDLQVWWKHHPSOR\HULVDQH[WRUWLRQ
RIPRQH\RURWKHUWKLQJVRIYDOXHIRUVHUYLFHVUHQGHUHGRUXQSHUIRUPHGE\WKHXQLRQ7KHXQLRQ

r
PDNHVZRUNRUSURORQJVWKHZRUNLQRUGHUWRHDUQ
Ba G 9LRODWLRQRIWKHGXW\WREDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\±7KHXQLRQLVJXLOW\RI8/3LILWFRPSHOV
DQHPSOR\HUWRQHJRWLDWHD&%$ZLWKLWGXULQJSHQGHQF\RIDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWLRQ
s
H  $FFHSWDQFH RI QHJRWLDWLRQ IHHV IURP WKH HPSOR\HU 7KLV LV GHVLJQHG WR SUHYHQW DQ
e

LQDGHTXDWH&%$NQRZQDVVZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
bl

I  9LRODWLRQ RI WKH &%$ ± $ VWULNH VWDJHG E\ WKH XQLRQ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI WKH FRQFOXVLYH
o

r
DUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLQWKH&%$LVDQXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH
R

Ba
J  %OXHVN\ EDUJDLQLQJ ± 7KH HFRQRPLF SURSRVDOV RI WKH XQLRQ DUH H[DJJHUDWHG RU
an

XQUHDVRQDEOH7KH\DUHEH\RQGWKHFDSDFLW\WRJLYHE\WKHHPSOR\HU
s

e
h

 &ROOHFWLYH%DUJDLQLQJ
bl
C


o

D &ROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJGHQRWHVQHJRWLDWLRQVORRNLQJIRUZDUGWRDFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
R

DJUHHPHQW
an

E &KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
    &RQWLQXLQJOHJDOUHODWLRQVKLS
h

    3URFHVVRIDGMXVWPHQW
C

    &RQWUDFWRIUHDVRQDEOHEHQHILWV
    &RQWUDFWRIUHODWLYHHTXDOLW\
    $JHQF\RISDUWLFLSDWRU\GHPRFUDF\
  F 6WHSVLQFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
 3UHOLPLQDU\SURFHVV ,QLWLDWLRQ ±6XEPLVVLRQRI&%$SURSRVDOE\WKHXQLRQDQG
FRXQWHUSURSRVDOE\WKHHPSOR\HU
  1HJRWLDWLRQ ± %DUJDLQLQJ 1HJRWLDWLRQV LI WKHUH LV D FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ
GHDGORFNLWLVUHVROYHGE\WKH1&0%
 ([HFXWLRQ±VLJQLQJDQGDSSURYDO
 3XEOLFDWLRQ±3RVWLQJWKH&%$LQ  FRQVSLFXRXVSODFHLQWKHFRPSDQ\
 5DWLILFDWLRQ±E\WKHHPSOR\HHV

r
 5HJLVWUDWLRQ±WKHSXUSRVHLVWREDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
Ba
  $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ ± MRLQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ E\ WKH SDUWLHV RI WKH &%$ GXULQJ LWV
OLIHWLPHDQG
es

 ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQDQG(QIRUFHPHQWRIWKH&%$
bl


 &ROOHFWLYH%DUJDLQLQJ$JUHHPHQW &%$ 
o

r
  
R

  D &%$LVWKHODZRIWKHSODQW Ba
an

 E 7HUPRIWKH&%$±WKHOLIHVSDQRIWKH&%$LVILYH  \HDUVDVIDUDVWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
es

DVSHFWLVFRQFHUQHG+RZHYHUWKHZRUNHUVPD\QHJRWLDWHRQRWKHUSURYLVLRQVRIWKH&%$QRODWHU
h

bl

WKDQWKUHH  \HDUVDIWHULWVH[HFXWLRQ
C

 F 5XOHVRIUHWURDFWLYLW\
o

 7KHHIIHFWLYLW\RIWKH&%$VKDOOUHWURDFWWRWKHGD\LPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUWKHGDWHRI
R

H[SLUDWLRQRIWKHROG&%$LQFDVHWKHQHZ&%$LVFRQFOXGHGDQGHQWHUHGLQWRZLWKLQVL[
an

 PRQWKVIURPWKHVDLGH[SLUDWLRQGDWH
 ,IWKHQHZ&%$LVHQWHUHGLQWREH\RQGVL[  PRQWKVIURPWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKH
h

ROG&%$WKHSDUWLHVDUHJLYHQWKHULJKWWRQHJRWLDWHWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHHIIHFWLYLW\
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

16

1RWH5HWURDFWLYLW\RIWKH&%$KDVQRDSSOLFDWLRQLQDUELWUDODZDUGVE\WKH'2/(
6HFUHWDU\WKH1/5&RU9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU

r
 2QH\HDUH[WHQVLRQRIWKH&%$LVYDOLGXSRQDJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV,QIDFW
Ba \HDUV VXVSHQVLRQ RI WKH &%$ QHJRWLDWLRQV LV OHJDOO\ WHQDEOH LQ RUGHU WR SURPRWH
LQGXVWULDOVWDELOLW\DQGSUHGLFWDELOLW\(Rivera v. Espiritu; 374 SCRA 351).
s
 ,IQRQHZ&%$LVFRQFOXGHGZLWKWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHROG&%$WKHODWWHULV
e

DXWRPDWLFDOO\ UHQHZHG XQGHU WKHautomatic renewal clause or principle of hold-over or


bl

CBA continuity.
o

r
R

 Ba
$SSURSULDWHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWGHILQHG
an

  
s
 $QDSSURSULDWHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWLVDFODVVLILFDWLRQRIMREVRUSRVLWLRQZKHUHWZRRUPRUH
e
h

HPSOR\HHVSRVVHVVFRPPRQHPSOR\PHQWLQWHUHVWVDQGFRQGLWLRQVDQGZKLFKPD\EHUHDVRQDEO\
bl
C

FRPELQHG WRJHWKHU IRU SXUSRVHV RI FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ 7KH IROORZLQJ DUH WKH WHVWV RI
o

GHWHUPLQDWLRQ
R

  D *OREHHOHFWLRQWHVW±ZKLFKLVWKHH[SUHVVZLOORUGHVLUHRIWKHHPSOR\HH¶VWHVW
an

 E  &RPPXQLW\ RU 0XWXDOLW\ RI ,QWHUHVW7HVW±LVUHIOHFWHGLQJURXSV KDYLQJ VXEVWDQWLDO


VLPLODULW\RIZRUNDQGGXWLHVRUVLPLODULW\RIFRPSHQVDWLRQDQGZRUNLQJFRQGLWLRQ
h

 F  3ULRU FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ KLVWRU\ WHVW ± ,Q GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH SURSHU EDUJDLQLQJ XQLW
C

DQRWKHU WHVW LV WKH SULRU KLVWRU\ SDVW KLVWRU\  RI FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH SURSRVHG
EDUJDLQLQJXQLWDQGWKHHPSOR\HU6LPSO\VWDWHGSDVWKLVWRU\RIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJSURFHVVLV
UHVRUWHGWRLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLW
 G 6LPLODULW\RIHPSOR\PHQWVWDWXVWHVW±'HWHUPLQLQJWKHSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLWLVEDVHG
RQ WKH VWDWXV RI HPSOR\PHQW RI WKH ZRUNHUV 7KXV UHJXODU HPSOR\HHV VKRXOG FRQVWLWXWH RQH
EDUJDLQLQJXQLWZKLOHWKRVHHPSOR\HHVZLWKEULHIRUFDVXDOHPSOR\PHQWVWDWXVVKRXOGFRQVWLWXWH
DQRWKHUSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLW
 
 0RGHVRIGHWHUPLQLQJUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVWDWXV

  D 6(%$FHUWLILFDWLRQ±6ROHH[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQF\FHUWLILFDWLRQ

r
 E  &RQVHQW HOHFWLRQ ± 8QLRQV DJUHHG EHWZHHQ DQG DPRQJ WKHPVHOYHV WR VHOHFW WKH
EDUJDLQLQJDJHQWWKURXJKDQHOHFWLRQFRQGXFWHGZLWKRUZLWKRXWWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQRIWKH'2/(Ba
 F &HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ±DQHOHFWLRQFRQGXFWHGDPRQJWKUHHRUPRUHFKRLFHVWRGHWHUPLQH
es

WKHH[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQW8QGHUWKH³GRXEOHPDMRULW\UXOH´WKHPDMRULW\RIWKHHPSOR\HHVLQ
bl

WKHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWPXVWKDYHYRWHGDQGWKHZLQQHUPXVWKDYHJDUQHUHGWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHYDOLG
YRWHVFDVW
o

r
G 5XQRIIHOHFWLRQ DXWRPDWLFVHFRQGHOHFWLRQUXOH ±DQHOHFWLRQZKLFKSURYLGHVIRUWKUHH
R

RUPRUHFKRLFHVUHVXOWVLQQRFKDQFHUHFHLYLQJDPDMRULW\RIWKHYDOLGYRWHVFDVWWKHHOHFWLRQRIILFHU Ba
an

VKDOO motu propio FRQGXFW D UXQRII HOHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ ODERU XQLRQV UHFHLYLQJ WKH   KLJKHVW
es

QXPEHUVRIYRWHVIRUDOOFRQWHQGLQJXQLRQVLVDWOHDVWILIW\  SHUFHQW


h

bl

H 5HUXQHOHFWLRQ±DQHOHFWLRQFRQGXFWHGWREUHDNDtie D EHWZHHQWZR  FRQWHQGLQJ


C

XQLRQV E EHWZHHQD³QRXQLRQ´DQGRQHRIWKHXQLRQVRU F DIDLOXUHRIHOHFWLRQKDVEHHQ


o

GHFODUHGE\WKHHOHFWLRQRIILFHUDQGRUFRQILUPHGE\WKH0HG$UELWHU(Sec. 2, D.O. 40-1-15,


R

Series of 2015).
an



h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

17

&HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ VROHFRQFHUQUXOHE\VWDQGHUUXOH 


r
,WLVWKHVROHFRQFHUQRIWKHHPSOR\HHVDQGWKHHPSOR\HULVUHJDUGHGDVDE\VWDQGHU
Ba
+RZHYHUWKHHPSOR\HUFDQILOHDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQEHFDXVHLWLVUHTXHVWHGWR
EDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\
s
D ,Q WKHDEVHQFH RI FROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ DJUHHPHQW DQ HPSOR\HUZKRLVUHTXHVWHGWR
e

EDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\PD\ILOHDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQDWDQ\WLPH
bl

E  6HWWOHG LV WKH UXOH WKH HPSOR\HU LV ZLWKRXW “locus standi” WR RSSRVH D SHWLWLRQ IRU
o

r
FHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ,WVKRXOGPDLQWDLQD³KDQGVRII´SROLF\
R

Ba
F  -XULVGLFWLRQDO  FRQVHQW UHTXLUHPHQW 7KH SHWLWLRQ IRU FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ
an

VKRXOGEHVXSSRUWHGE\WKHZULWWHQFRQVHQWRIDWOHDVWRIDOOWKHHPSOR\HHVLQWKHDSSURSULDWH
s
EDUJDLQLQJXQLW
e
h

,IWKHLVFRPSOLHGZLWKFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQLVPDQGDWRU\+RZHYHULIWKHLV
bl
C

QRW PHW ,W LV VWLOO GLVFUHWLRQDU\ WR FRQGXFW FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ DV LW LV WKH best forum LQ
o

GHWHUPLQLQJWKHZLOORIWKHHPSOR\HHV(Best forum rule).


R

G  &HUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ EDUUHG GHVSLWH FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK  FRQVHQW UHTXLUHPHQW


an

&HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQFDQQRWEHFRQGXFWHGXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJLQVWDQFHV
    &RQWUDFWEDUUXOH
h

    2XWVLGHRIWKHIUHHGRPSHULRGUXOH
C

    2QH\HDUEDUUXOH
    'HDGORFNEDUUXOH
    &KDUJHRIFRPSDQ\XQLRQLVPUXOH
    1HJRWLDWLRQEDUUXOH
    $SSHDOEDUUXOH
    1RWOLVWHGLQWKHUHJLVWU\RIXQLRQVUXOH
  H ([FHSWLRQVWRWKHFRQWUDFWEDUUXOHLQVWDQFHVFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQLVFRQGXFWHG
 7KH&%$WKDWLVXQUHJLVWHUHGZLOOQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ+RZHYHULIWKH
&%$LVDQarbitral awardLWQHHGQRWEHUHJLVWHUHG
    7K&%$LVLQFRPSOHWHRULQDGHTXDWH±VZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
 7KH&%$ZDVKDVWLO\ HQWHUHGLQWR IUXVWUDWLQJ WKH ULJKW RI HPSOR\HHVWRILOHD

r
SHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQDWWKHSURSHUWLPH
    7KH&%$HQWHUHGLQWRGXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIWKHFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ Ba
    7KH&%$ZDVUHJLVWHUHGZLWKIDOVLILHGVXSSRUWLQJGRFXPHQWV
es

 7KH&%$HQWHUHGLQWREHWZHHQWKHHPSOR\HUDQGZLWKWKHXQLRQWKDWLVQRWWKH
bl

H[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWLQWKHFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHV
     ,Q FDVH RI PDVV ZLWKGUDZDOGLVDIILOLDWLRQ RI WKH PHPEHUV IURP WKH PDMRULW\
o

r
XQLRQ
R

I 3UHHOHFWLRQFRQIHUHQFH±LWLVWKHPDFKLQHU\LIGHWHUPLQLQJWKHHOLJLELOLW\OLVWRIYRWHUV Ba
an

WKURXJKLQFOXVLRQH[FOXVLRQSURFHHGLQJEHIRUHILOLQJDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
es

7KXVWKHHPSOR\HUFDQQRWTXHVWLRQWKHTXDOLILFDWLRQRIZRUNHUVLQDFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
h

bl

DV WKH SURSHU IRUXP LV WKH SUHHOHFWLRQ FRQIHUHQFH RU RWKHUZLVH NQRZQ DV LQFOXVLRQH[FOXVLRQ
C

SURFHHGLQJ(Notre Dame v. Laguesma; G.R. 149833, 29 June 2004).


o

J (IIHFWRIQRXQLRQZLQQLQJWKHHOHFWLRQ,WVKDOOEHFHUWLILHGWKDWLQGHHGQRFHUWLILFDWLRQ
R

HOHFWLRQVKDOOEHFRQGXFWHGZLWKLQRQH\HDUIURPWKHGDWHRIILQDOHOHFWLRQUHVXOW
an


$QRXQLRQZRQEHFDXVHPDMRULW\RIWKHHPSOR\HHVLQWKHEDUJDLQLQJDUHPHPEHUVRID
h

UHOLJLRXVJURXS VXFKDVPHPEHUVRIWKH,JOHVLDQL&ULVWR ZKRDUHDOORZHGXQGHUWKHODZQRWWR


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

18

IRUP RU MRLQ D ODERU XQLRQ EXW FDQ YRWH LQ D FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ 7KH\ DUH religious or
conscientious objectors

r

 Ba
(VWDEOLVKPHQWRIDJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\

s
,WVSXUSRVHLVWRHVWDEOLVKDPDFKLQHU\IRUWKHH[SHGLWLRXVUHVROXWLRQRIJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJ
e

IURPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH&%$RUFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
bl

  8QUHVROYHGJULHYDQFHVVKDOOEHUHIHUUHGWRvoluntary arbitration.
o

r
R

 Ba
&RQFOXVLYHDUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLQWKH&%$
an


s
7KHFRQFOXVLYHDUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLVRQHRIWKHPDQGDWRU\SURYLVLRQVLQWKH&%$SURYLGLQJ
e
h

IRUJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DQGYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQSURFHGXUHV
bl
C

+RZHYHU D JULHYDQFH PD\ EH EURXJKW GLUHFWO\ WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ ZLWKRXW SDVVLQJ
o

WKURXJKWKHJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DVLWKDVEHHQSURYHQWREHLQHIIHFWLYHLQWKHSDVWRUWKHSDUWLHV
R

LQDGYHUWHQWO\IDLOHGWRLQFOXGHJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\LQWKHLU&%$$OVRWKHSDUWLHVPD\YROXQWDULO\
an

DJUHH WR VXEPLW WKHLU JULHYDQFH GLUHFWO\ WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ SURFHGXUH (CENPELCO v.
Macaraeg, 22 January 2003).
h

2ULJLQDODQGH[FOXVLYHMXULVGLFWLRQRI9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRUV
C


D 7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHDOOJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI
WKH&%$DQGFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
  E 7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHZDJHGLVWRUWLRQLVVXHVLQXQLRQL]HGHVWDEOLVKPHQW
 F 7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH
3URGXFWLYLW\,QFHQWLYH3URJUDPXQGHU5$

 -XULVGLFWLRQRI9$E\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV

D  7R KHDU DQG GHFLGH DOO RWKHU GLVSXWHV LQFOXGLQJ 8/3V DQG EDUJDLQLQJ GHDGORFNV E\
DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV

r
  E 7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHWHUPLQDWLRQFDVHVE\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV
 Ba
-XULVGLFWLRQRI9$RQFROODWHUDOLVVXHVLQWKH6XEPLVVLRQ$JUHHPHQW
es


bl

D  7R KHDU DQG GHFLGH RQ DOO PDWWHUV FROODWHUDO WR WKH PDLQ FDVH VXEMHFW RI 6XEPLVVLRQ
$JUHHPHQW VXFK DV DZDUG RI UHLQVWDWHPHQW DQG EDFNZDJHV LQ LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO FDVH (Ludo and
o

r
Luym Corp. v. Saordino, 20 January 2003). ,WLQFOXGHVDOOPDWWHUVFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
R

EXW UHIHUUHG WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ E\ DJUHHPHQW RI WKH SDUWLHV VXFK DV PRQH\ FODLPV DQG Ba
an

OHJDOLW\LOOHJDOLW\VWULNHDQGORFNRXW(San Jose v. NLRC, 17 August 1998).


es
h

bl

-XULVGLFWLRQRI9$RYHUYLRODWLRQVRIWKH&%$
C


o

7KH 9$ KDV MXULVGLFWLRQ RYHU YLRODWLRQ RI D &%$ RU DQ RUGLQDU\ JULHYDQFH XQGHU WKH
R

JULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DQGYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQSURFHHGLQJVLQWKH&%$+RZHYHULIWKHYLRODWLRQ
an

RIWKH&%$LVJURVVLQFKDUDFWHULWLVD8/3FRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/?DERU$UELWHU

h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

19

 '2/(6HFUHWDU\¶V$GPLQLVWUDWLYH,QWHUYHQWLRQRQ'LVSXWH$YRLGDQFH $,'$3RZHU 


r
(LWKHURUERWKWKHHPSOR\HUDQGWKHFHUWLILHGEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWPD\YROXQWDULO\EULQJWRWKH
Ba
2IILFHRIWKH'2/(6HFUHWDU\WKURXJKDRequest for Intervention DQ\SRWHQWLDORURQJRLQJGLVSXWH
VWULNHRUORFNRXW QRWVXEMHFWRIDQ\FRPSODLQWRUQRWLFHRIVWULNHRUORFNRXWDWWKHWLPHRIWKH
s
5HTXHVWIRU,QWHUYHQWLRQLVPDGH(No. 1 DOLE Circular No. 1, sHULHVRI 
e


bl

 '2/( 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUV DQG $VVLVWDQW 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUV GHVLJQDWHG DV ([ 2IILFLR
o

r
9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRUV (9$V (EVA Power)
R

 Ba
an

$OO5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVDQG$VVLVWDQW5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVRIWKH'2/(DUHGHVLJQDWHGDVEx
s
Officio Voluntary Arbitrators WKDWKDYHMXULVGLFWLRQWRKHDUDQGGHFLGHDOOJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURP
e
h

WKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH&%$DQGFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
bl
C


o

7KH 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU DQG (PSOR\PHQW PD\ OLNHZLVH UHIHU WR (9$V 9ROXQWDU\
R

$UELWUDWLRQ FDVHV IURP '2/( 6HFUHWDU\¶V ,QWHUYHQWLRQ XQGHU WKH '2/(¶V $GPLQLVWUDWLYH
an

,QWHUYHQWLRQIRU'LVSXWH$YRLGDQFH $,'$ (D.O. 83-17, Series of 2007).



h

 9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU¶VGHFLVLRQDSSHDODEOHWR&$XQGHU5XOHRIWKH5XOHVRI&RXUW
C


7KHGHFLVLRQRIWKH9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRULVDSSHDODEOHWRWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVXQGHU5XOH
5XOHVRI&RXUWZLWKLQGD\VIURPUHFHLSWRIWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU(Phil.
Electric Corp. v. C.A., G.R. No. 168612, 10 December 2014; Baronda v. C.A., G.R. No. 161006,
14 October 2015).
 
 6WULNHDQG/RFNRXW

$ strikeLVDWHPSRUDU\VWRSSDJHRIZRUNDULVLQJRXWRIDODERURULQGXVWULDOGLVSXWH,QWKH
ZRUGVRIWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWLWLVWKHPRVWGDQJHURXVDQGWKHPRVWOHWKDOZHDSRQLQWKHDUVHQDORI
WKHXQLRQ2QWKHRWKHUKDQGlockoutWDNHVSODFHZKHQDQHPSOR\HUWHPSRUDULO\UHIXVHVWRIXUQLVK

r
ZRUNDVDUHVXOWRIDODERURULQGXVWULDOGLVSXWH
 Ba
 .LQGVRI6WULNH
es


bl

  D $XWKRUL]HG±ZLWKWKHDSSURYDORIWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHWRWDOXQLRQPHPEHUVKLS
  E 8QDXWKRUL]HG ZLOGFDW ±ZLWKRXWWKHDSSURYDORIWKHXQLRQPHPEHUVKLS
o

r
 F  *HQHUDO ± LW LV D V\PSDWKHWLF SROLWLFDO W\SH RI VWULNH WKDW FRYHUV D ZLGHU UHJLRQ RU
R

WHUULWRU\RID6WDWH([DPSOH:HOJDQJ%D\DQ  Ba
an

G 3DUWLFXODU±LWLVOLPLWHGLQVFRSHDVLWLVVWDJHGLQDSDUWLFXODUSODQWRUDVLQJOHRFFXSDWLRQ
es

RUWUDGH
h

bl

  H 6ORZGRZQ±WKHZRUNHUVWU\WRUHGXFHSURGXFWLRQWRFRPSHOWKHHPSOR\HUWRJUDQWWKHLU
C

ZLVKHV
o

 I 6LWGRZQ±WKHZRUNHUVUHPDLQLQWKHSODQWEXWUHIXVHWRZRUNDQGWKHLUPDFKLQHVRUWRROV
R

UHPDLQLGOH
an

J 4XLFNLH±LWLVUHODWHGWRVORZGRZQZKLFKLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\EULHIZRUNVWRSSDJHIRUD
SHULRGRIIHZPLQXWHVRUKRXUV
h

  K 6\PSDWKHWLF±VWDJHGLQWKHDEVHQFHRIHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

20

 L 3ROLWLFDO±LWUHVHPEOHVWKDWRIJHQHUDOVWULNHVWDJHGLQUHGUHVVRIJULHYDQFHVDJDLQVWWKH
JRYHUQPHQW7KLVLVDOVRNQRZQDVFDXVHRULHQWHGVWULNH

r
  M 8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH±VWDJHGLQYLRODWLRQRIULJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
  Ba N (FRQRPLF±VWDJHGDVDUHVXOWRIEDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFN
 O 8QLRQUHFRJQLWLRQVWULNH±VWDJHGWRFRPSHOWKHHPSOR\HUWRUHFRJQL]HWKHXQLRQDVWKH
s
EDUJDLQLQJDJHQW
e

P *RRG)DLWK±VWDJHGE\WKHXQLRQ ZLWKRXWFRPSOLDQFHZLWKVWULNHUHTXLUHPHQWV RQ


bl

WKHEHOLHIWKDWWKHHPSOR\HUZDVFRPPLWWLQJDQXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHZKLFKZDVODWHUIRXQGWREH
o

r
XQWUXH$FFRUGLQJWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWLWLVLOOHJDOEHFDXVHgood faith LVQRWDGHIHQVHLQDVWULNH
R

Ba
(Grand Boulevard Hotel v. Dacanay, G.R. No. 153655, 18 July 2003).
an

 Q /HJDO±VWDJHGLQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVWDJLQJDODZIXOVWULNH
s
  R ,OOHJDO±UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVWDJLQJDODZIXOVWULNHDUHQRWFRPSOLHGZLWK
e
h

 
bl
C

 5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUDYDOLGVWULNH
o

  
R

D ,WPXVWEHEDVHGRQYDOLGJURXQGV
an

 E ,WPXVWEHDSSURYHGE\WKH PDMRULW\RIWKHXQLRQPHPEHUVKLS LQ RUGHU WR SUHYHQW D


ZLOGFDWVWULNH
h

F ,WPXVWEHGHFODUHGRQ  VWULNHDEOHLVVXHV  FROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFNRU  


C

XQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHDQG
G )LOLQJRIWKHQRWLFHRIVWULNHWRWKH1&0%  EDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFN±GD\V  XQIDLU
ODERUSUDFWLFH±GD\V FRROLQJRIISHULRG 
,Q FDVH RI GLVPLVVDO RI XQLRQ RIILFHUV ZKLFK PD\ FRQVWLWXWH union busting ZKHUH WKH
H[LVWHQFHRIWKHXQLRQLVWKUHDWHQHGWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRGQHHGQRWEHREVHUYHG(Capitol Medical
Center, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 147080, 26 April 2005). ,QFDVHRIXQLRQEXVWLQJWKHFRROLQJRII
SHULRG FDQ EH GLVSHQVHG ZLWK EXW WKH VWULNH YRWH UHSRUW UHTXLUHPHQW  GD\ VWULNH EDQ  EHLQJ
PDQGDWRU\LQFKDUDFWHUVKDOO³LQHYHU\FDVH´EHFRPSOLHGZLWK(Sukhotai Cuisine v. C.A., G.R. No.
150437, 17 July 2006).
H &RPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHKRXUSULRUQRWLFHUXOH7KHIDLOXUHRIWKHXQLRQWRFRPSO\ZLWK
WKLVUHTXLUHPHQWZLOOUHQGHUWKHVXEVHTXHQWVWULNHVWDJHGE\WKHXQLRQLOOHJDO(Ibid).

r
I ,IWKHUHVXOWRIWKHVWULNHYRWHEDOORWLVILOHGZLWKLQWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRGWKHGD\
Ba
ZDLWLQJSHULRGVKDOOEHFRXQWHGIURPWKHGD\IROORZLQJWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRG

es

,OOXVWUDWLRQ
bl

 (FRQRPLFVWULNH±GD\FRROLQJRIISHULRGSOXVGD\VWULNHEDQHTXDOV
GD\VEXWDVWULNHLVVWDJHGRQO\RQWKHWKGD\
o

r
 8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHVWULNH±GD\FRROLQJRIISHULRGSOXVGD\VWULNHEDQ
R

HTXDOVGD\VEXWDVWULNHLVVWDJHGRQO\RQWKHUGGD\ Ba
an

J  ,Q VWULNHVORFNRXWV LQ KRVSLWDOV LW LV WKH GXW\ RI WKH VWULNLQJ XQLRQ RU ORFNLQJRXW
es

HPSOR\HU WR SURYLGH DQ HIIHFWLYH VNHOHWDO ZRUNIRUFH RI PHGLFDO DQG KHDOWK SHUVRQQHO WR LQVXUH
h

bl

DGHTXDWHSURWHFWLRQRIWKHOLIHDQGWKHKHDOWKRISDWLHQWV(Article 278, Labor Code).


C


o

 'RFWULQHRIPHDQVDQGSXUSRVHV
R

7KHVWULNHWREHYDOLGLWVSXUSRVHDQGREMHFWLYHPXVWEHODZIXO+RZHYHUWKHVWULNHPD\
an

VWLOOEHGHFODUHGLQYDOLGLIWKHPHDQVXVHGLQDWWDLQLQJWKHSXUSRVHDUHLOOHJDO(AIUP v. NLRC, 364


Phil. 697,707 [1999]).
h


C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

21

 $VVXPSWLRQSRZHURIWKH3UHVLGHQW6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUXQGHU$UWLFOHJRIWKH/DERU
&RGH

r

Ba 8QGHU $UWLFOH J RI WKH /DERU &RGH WKH 3UHVLGHQW6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU LV JUDQWHG DQ
H[WUDRUGLQDU\SUHHPSWLYHSRZHUWRDVVXPHMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUYLWDOLQGXVWU\GLVSXWHV%\QDWXUH
s
VXFKDVVXPSWLRQSRZHULVSOHQDU\IXOOFRPSOHWHDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHGLVFUHWLRQDU\6XFKSRZHU
e

LVOLPLWHGRQO\WRQDWLRQDOLQWHUHVWFDVHV
bl


o

r
 /HJDOHIIHFWVRIDQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHU
R

   Ba
an

D ,WKDVWKHHIIHFWRIDZULWRILQMXQFWLRQ
s
 E 7KHVWULNLQJZRUNHUVVKDOOUHWXUQWRZRUNRWKHUZLVHWKH\FRXOGEHYDOLGO\GLVPLVVHG
e
h

EHFDXVHWKH\DUHDOUHDG\HQJDJHGLQDSURKLELWHGDFWLYLW\
bl
C

F 5HWXUQWRZRUNRUGHULVQRWQHFHVVDU\LQDQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHU7KHPHUHLVVXDQFHRI
o

DQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHUDXWRPDWLFDOO\FDUULHVZLWKLWDUHWXUQWRZRUNRUGHU
R

G  $VVXPSWLRQ 2UGHU FRQWHPSODWHV RQO\ DFWXDO UHLQVWDWHPHQW KRZHYHU XQGHU VSHFLDO


an

FLUFXPVWDQFHVWKH\FRXOGEHUHLQVWDWHGLQWKHSD\UROO
H :LWKWKH$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHULVVXHGWKH6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUFDQWDNHFRJQL]DQFHRIFDVHV
h

XQGHUWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKHODERU$UELWHUDQG
C

I  &DVHV SHQGLQJ ZLWK WKH /DERU $UELWHU FDQ EH WDNHQ RYHU E\ WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU
SURYLGHGWKH\DUHWKHLVVXHVXQGHUDVVXPSWLRQ

 6WULNHDQGSLFNHWLQJGLVWLQJXLVKHG

7KH VWULNH WR EH HIIHFWLYH WKHUH PXVW EH DQ HIIHFWLYH SLFNHWLQJ 7KHUH FDQ EH QR VWULNH
ZLWKRXWSLFNHWLQJKRZHYHUWKHUHFDQEHSLFNHWLQJZLWKRXWVWULNHEHFDXVHSLFNHWLQJLVDSDUWRI
IUHHGRPRIH[SUHVVLRQJXDUDQWHHGXQGHUWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ(Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 US 88).
Picketing LV WKH PDUFKLQJ WR DQG IUR RI WKH VWULNHUV DW WKH FRPSDQ\ SUHPLVHV XVXDOO\
DFFRPSDQLHGE\WKHGLVSOD\RISODFDUGVDQGRWKHUVLJQVPDNLQJNQRZQWRWKHSXEOLFWKHIDFWVLQD
ODERUGLVSXWH(IBM v. NLRC; G.R. No. 91980, 27 June 1991).

r

 *RYHUQPHQWHPSOR\HHVSURKLELWHGWRVWULNH Ba

es

$VWULNHRIJRYHUQPHQWHPSOR\HHVLVDIRUPRIDQLQVXUUHFWLRQDJDLQVWSXEOLFDXWKRULW\LQ
bl

WKH OLJKW RI WKH SULQFLSOH RI 6WDWH VRYHUHLJQW\ 7R DOORZ JRYHUQPHQW HPSOR\HHV WR VWULNH ZLOO
WUHPHQGRXVO\ DIIHFW WKH GHOLYHU\ RI YLWDO DQG EDVLF VHUYLFHV WR WKH SXEOLF 6LQFH JRYHUQPHQW
o

r
HPSOR\HHV DUH FLYLO VHUYDQWV WKH DFW RI VWULNLQJ LV D FLYLO VHUYLFH RIIHQVH YLRODWLYH RI WKH FLYLO
R

VHUYLFHODZ(P.D. 807, as amended). Ba


an

+RZHYHU HPSOR\HHV RI JRYHUQPHQWRZQHG RU FRQWUROOHG FRUSRUDWLRQV ZLWKRXW RULJLQDO


es

FKDUWHUV NQRZQ DV FRUSRUDWH RIIVSULQJV RU VXEVLGLDULHV DUH DOORZHG WR XQLRQL]H EDUJDLQ
h

bl

FROOHFWLYHO\DQGVWDJHDVWULNH7HUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQVRIHPSOR\PHQWLQJRYHUQPHQWVXEVLGLDULHV
C

DUHJRYHUQHGE\WKH/DERU&RGH(Lumanta v. NLRC, 170 SCRA 79; NASECO v. NLRC, 168 SCRA


o

122).
R
an

 /LDELOLW\RIXQLRQRIILFHUVDQGPHPEHUVLQLOOHJDOVWULNH

h

:LWKWKHGHFODUDWLRQRILOOHJDOLW\RIVWULNHWKHXQLRQRIILFHUVDUHOLDEOHIRUGLVPLVVDOIRU
C

NQRZLQJO\SDUWLFLSDWHGLQDQLOOHJDOVWULNHRUFRPPLWWHGLOOHJDODFWVGXULQJWKHVWULNH+RZHYHUD

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

22

ZRUNHUPHUHO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQDQLOOHJDOVWULNHPD\QRWEHWHUPLQDWHGIURPHPSOR\PHQWXQOHVV
KHSDUWLFLSDWHGDFWLYHO\LQWKHFRPPLVVLRQRILOOHJDODFWV(VCMC v. Yballe*5No. 196156, 15

r
January 2014).
 Ba ,QDQLOOHJDOVWULNHXQLRQRIILFHUVDUHOLDEOHIRUGLVPLVVDOXQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRIYLFDULRXV
OLDELOLW\
s

e

 6WULNHUVQRWHQWLWOHGWRHFRQRPLFEHQHILWVH[FHSWLRQV
bl


o

r
,QDQHFRQRPLFVWULNHWKHVWULNHUVDUHQRWHQWLWOHGWREDFNZDJHVXQGHUWKHSULQFLSOHRI³QR
R

Ba
ZRUNQRSD\´+RZHYHUXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJWKH\FRXOGEHJUDQWHGVXFKEHQHILWV
an

  D 6WULNHUVZHUHGLVFULPLQDWRULO\GLVPLVVHG
s
  E 6WULNHUVZHUHLOOHJDOO\ORFNHGRXWE\WKHHPSOR\HUDQG
e
h

 F 6WULNHUVXQFRQGLWLRQDOO\RIIHUHGWRUHWXUQWRZRUNEXWUHMHFWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HU (PBTC
bl
C

v. PBTC Employees Union, 69 SCRA 10).


o

 
R


an



h


C






r
Ba
es
bl
o

r
R

Ba
an

es
h

bl
C

o
R
an
h
C

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph

You might also like