Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bar Review Notes in Labor Law and Jurisprudence E/ $/Dzrq'Lvplvvdo
Bar Review Notes in Labor Law and Jurisprudence E/ $/Dzrq'Lvplvvdo
1
Bar Review Notes
in
r
LABOR LAW and JURISPRUDENCE
Ba E\
Dean Salvador A. Poquiz
es
bl
$/DZRQ'LVPLVVDO
o
r
6HFXULW\ RI 7HQXUH ± LV WKH ULJKW RI D ZRUNHU WR FRQWLQXH LQ HPSOR\PHQW XQWLO WKH VDPH LV
R
Ba
WHUPLQDWHGIRUDYDOLGFDXVHMXVWRUXQDXWKRUL]HG
an
s
'RFWULQHRI3HUSHWXDO(PSOR\PHQW±6HFXULW\RIWHQXUHLVDFRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\JXDUDQWHHGULJKW
e
h
bl
SUHURJDWLYHWRGLVPLVVDQHPSOR\HHIRUDYDOLGFDXVH
R
an
5HOLHIV1RUPDO&RQVHTXHQFHVRI,OOHJDO'LVPLVVDO
h
D5HLQVWDWHPHQW±UHVWRUDWLRQRIWKHGLVPLVVHGHPSOR\HHWRKLVIRUPHUSRVLWLRQZLWKRXWORVV
C
RIVHQLRULW\ULJKWVDQGRWKHUSULYLOHJHV
E)XOOEDFNZDJHV±UHVWRUDWLRQRIWKHORVWLQFRPHRIDQHPSOR\HHGXHWRLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDO
)XOOEDFNZDJHVDUHDZDUGHGEHFDXVHLQFRPHHDUQHGE\WKHHPSOR\HHIURPRWKHUVRXUFHVVKDOO
QRWEHGHGXFWHGIURPWKHEDFNZDJHV
F'DPDJHV±LQGHPQLW\UHFRYHUDEOHE\DQHPSOR\HHZKRKDVVXVWDLQHGLQMXU\WRKLVULJKWWR
ODERUZKLFKLVSURSHUW\ZLWKLQWKHPDQWOHRIFRQVWLWXWLRQDOSURWHFWLRQ
G$WWRUQH\¶V)HHV –$WWRUQH\¶VIHHVDUHDZDUGHGWRDQHPSOR\HHGXHWRXQODZIXOZLWKKROGLQJ
r
RIKLVZDJHVRUKHLVFRPSHOOHGWROLWLJDWHKLVFDVHE\KLULQJDODZ\HUWRUHSUHVHQWKLP$Q
Ba
DZDUGRIDWWRUQH\¶VIHHVXQGHU$UWLFOH,,,RIWKH/DERU&RGHLVLQWKHIRUPRIGDPDJHVLQWKHLU
H[WUDRUGLQDU\FRQFHSW
es
HOHJDOLQWHUHVWRQPRQHWDU\DZDUGV
bl
o
0DQDJHPHQW3UHURJDWLYHWR'LVPLVV ±LWLVDPDQDJHPHQWSUHURJDWLYHWRGLVPLVVLWVHPSOR\HH
r
R
KRZHYHULWVKRXOGEHH[HUFLVHGZLWKRXWDEXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQ,WLVVXEMHFWWROLPLWDWLRQVIRXQGHGLQODZ
Ba
an
'RFWULQH RI ,QFRPSDWLELOLW\ ± :KHUH WKH HPSOR\HH KDV GRQH VRPHWKLQJ WKDW LV FRQWUDU\ RU
bl
C
LQFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHIDLWKIXOSHUIRUPDQFHRIKLVGXWLHVKLVHPSOR\HUFDQYDOLGO\GLVPLVVKLP(Manila
o
6. 3URFHGXUDOUHTXLUHPHQWVLQ'LVPLVVDO
an
h
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
2
E $GHTXDWH DQG 5HVSRQVLYH $QVZHU ± 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR HQDEOH WKH HPSOR\HH WR SUHSDUH
DGHTXDWHO\KLVUHVSRQVLYHDQGLQWHOOLJLEOHDQVZHU
r
Ba
F) $PSOH2SSRUWXQLW\WREH+HDUG±8QGHUH[LVWLQJMXULVSUXGHQFHZKLOHIRUPDOKHDULQJRU
FRQIHUHQFHLVLGHDOLWLVQRWDQDEVROXWHPDQGDWRU\RUH[FOXVLYHDYHQXHRIGXHSURFHVV:KDWLV
s
SDUDPRXQWLQWHUPLQDWLRQIRUDMXVWFDXVHLVWRSURYLGHDQHPSOR\HHDQ³DPSOHRSSRUWXQLW\WR
e
EHKHDUGDQGWRGHIHQGKLPVHOI´,QGHHGQRWLFHDQGKHDULQJFDQEHGLVSHQVHGZLWK(Perez v.
bl
r
R
Ba
G3RVW1RWLFH1RWLFHRI'LVPLVVDO ±7KHGHFLVLRQWRGLVPLVVLVFRQWDLQHGLQWKHODVWQRWLFH
an
ZKLFKVWDWHVWKHUHDVRQWKHUHIRUH7KLVLVDOVRGHVLJQHGIRUWKHHPSOR\HHWRFRQWHVWWKHYDOLGLW\
s
RIWKHGLVPLVVDOE\ILOLQJWKHSURSHUFRPSODLQWIRULOOHJDOGLVPLVVDOZLWKWKH5HJLRQDO$UELWUDWLRQ
e
h
%UDQFKRIWKH1/5&
bl
C
o
7\SHVRI'XH3URFHVV
R
an
D &RQVWLWXWLRQDO ± SURWHFWV D SHUVRQ IURP WKH JRYHUQPHQW DQG DVVXUHV KLP RI KLV ULJKWV LQ
FULPLQDOFLYLORUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHSURFHHGLQJV
h
C
E6WDWXWRU\ ±GXHSURFHVVIRXQGLQWKH/DERU&RGHZKLFKSURWHFWVDQHPSOR\HHIURPLOOHJDO
GLVPLVVDO
F &RQWUDFWXDO ± GXH SURFHVV IRXQG LQ FRPSDQ\ SROLF\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV IRU WKH VWHSV WR EH
IROORZHGLQGLVPLVVDOEXWWKHVDPHZDVYLRODWHGE\WKHFRPSDQ\
7\SHVRI'LVPLVVDO
D'LVPLVVDOIRUDMXVWFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV
E'LVPLVVDOIRUDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV
F'LVPLVVDOIRUKHDOWKUHDVRQVZLWKGXHSURFHVV
G'LVPLVVDOZLWKRXWMXVWRUDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHZLWKGXHSURFHVV
r
H 'LVPLVVDO IRU MXVW RU DXWKRUL]HG FDXVH ZLWKRXW GXH SURFHVV (belated due process rule). $Q
Ba
HPSOR\HHGLVPLVVHGIRUYLRODWLRQRIWKLVUXOHLVHQWLWOHGWRDQDZDUGRIGDPDJHVXQGHU-DND)RRG
DQG$JDERQ5XOLQJV
es
IGLVPLVVDOIRUDIDOVHRUQRQH[LVWHQWFDXVH
bl
'HJUHHRI3URRILQ,OOHJDO'LVPLVVDO
o
r
R
$V D UXOH WKH TXDQWXP RI SURRI UHTXLUHG LQ ODERU SURFHHGLQJV LV VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH WKDW LV Ba
an
UHOHYDQWHYLGHQFHZKLFKDUHDVRQDEOHPLQGPLJKWDFFHSWDVDGHTXDWHWRMXVWLI\RUSURYHWKHFRQFOXVLRQ
es
bl
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
3
Circumstances Affecting Validity of Dismissal – (Proportionality rule or Doctrine of Commensurate
Penalty)
r
Ba
DJUDYLW\RIWKHRIIHQVH
EOHQJWKRIVHUYLFH
s
FHPSOR\PHQWSRVLWLRQ
e
GWRWDOLW\RILQIUDFWLRQVFROOHFWLYHLQIUDFWLRQVUXOH
bl
HQDWXUHRIWKHEXVLQHVV
o
r
IILUVW±RIIHQVHUXOH
R
Ba
JSULQFLSOHRIFRPSDVVLRQFKDULW\DQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
an
KSULQFLSOHRIHTXLW\
s
e
h
-XVW&DXVHVIRU'LVPLVVDO
bl
C
o
D6HULRXV0LVFRQGXFW±ZURQJIXOFRQGXFWFRPPLWWHGLQDQDJJUDYDWHGRUVHULRXVPDQQHU(J
R
VH[XDOKDUDVVPHQWVH[XDOLQWHUFRXUVHLQFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHVILJKWLQJLQFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHVGUXJXVHHWF
an
E :LOOIXO 'LVREHGLHQFH ± WKLV LV DOVR NQRZQ DV LQVXERUGLQDWLRQ ZKLFK LV UHIXVDO WR REH\ D
UHDVRQDEOH DQG ODZIXO $Q LVRODWHG FDVH RI LQVXERUGLQDWLRQ ZLOO QRW MXVWLI\ GLVPLVVDO EXW UHSHDWHG
h
FRPPLVVLRQRIWKHVDPHMXVWLILHVGLVPLVVDO
C
F*URVVDQG+DELWXDO1HJOHFWRI'XW\±LWFRQQRWHVZDQWRIFDUHLQWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIRQH¶V
GXWLHV (J D FRPSDQ\ JXDUG ZKR ZDV FDXJKW VOHHSLQJ GXULQJ KLV WRXU RI GXW\ (YHQ LI WKH DFW LV QRW
KDELWXDOLILWZHUHJURVVLWZLOOVWLOOMXVWLI\GLVPLVVDO
G)UDXGRU:LOOIXO%UHDFKRI7UXVW
)UDXG ± LQYROYHV D EUHDFK RI OHJDO GXW\ WUXVW RU FRQILGHQFH MXVWO\ UHSRVHG DQG LV LQMXULRXV WR
DQRWKHU
%UHDFKRI7UXVW±LQYROYHVPDWWHUVWKDWUHODWHWRSURWHFWLRQRIFRPSDQ\PRQH\RUSURSHUW\7KXV
DQHPSOR\HHHQWUXVWHGZLWKWUXVWDQGFRQILGHQFHEUHDFKHGVXFKWUXVWUHVXOWVLQWKHHPSOR\HU¶VORVV
r
RIFRQILGHQFH
Ba
H&RPPLVVLRQRID&ULPLQDO2IIHQVH±DJDLQVWWKHSHUVRQRIWKHHPSOR\HULPPHGLDWHPHPEHUV
es
RIKLVIDPLO\LQFOXGLQJPDQDJHULDOHPSOR\HHV
bl
I$QDORJRXV&DXVHV±VXFKDVDEDQGRQPHQWYLRODWLRQRIQRJDPEOLQJUXOHRUJURVVLQHIILFLHQF\
o
r
HWF
R
Ba
an
'LVWLQFWLRQVEHWZHHQ-XVW&DXVHDQG$XWKRUL]HG&DXVH'LVPLVVDO
es
h
bl
D,QDMXVWFDXVHGLVPLVVDOWKHGLVPLVVDOSURFHVVLVLQLWLDWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HH2QWKHRWKHUKDQG
C
LQDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHGLVPLVVDOLWLVLQLWLDWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HU
o
R
E ,Q MXVWFDXVH GLVPLVVDO SD\PHQW RI VHSDUDWLRQ SD\ LV QRW UHTXLUHG 7R\RWD 5XOLQJ ,Q
an
DXWKRUL]HGFDXVHWKHODZPDQGDWHVSD\PHQWRIVHSDUDWLRQSD\
h
F)RUIDLOXUHWRFRPSO\ZLWKGXHSURFHVVUHTXLUHPHQWE\WKHHPSOR\HULQMXVWFDXVHGLVPLVVDO
C
KH LV OLDEOH WR SD\ LQGHPQLW\ ZKLFK LV WHPSHUHG 3KS )RU YLRODWLRQ RI WKH GXH SURFHVV
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
4
UHTXLUHPHQWE\WKHHPSOR\HULQDXWKRUL]HGFDXVHGLVPLVVDOKHLVOLDEOHWRSD\LQGHPQLW\ZKLFKLVVWLIIHU
3KS
r
Ba
$XWKRUL]HG&DXVHV
s
D,QWURGXFWLRQRIODERUVDYLQJGHYLFHDXWRPDWLRQ – UHSODFHPHQWRIZRUNHUVE\PDFKLQHVLQ
e
RUGHUWRHIIHFWPRUHHFRQRP\DQGJUHDWHUHIILFLHQF\LQWKHPHWKRGVRISURGXFWLRQ
bl
o
E 5HWUHQFKPHQW 'RZQVL]LQJ 'HOD\HULQJ – UHGXFWLRQ RI SHUVRQQHO GXH WR SRRU ILQDQFLDO
r
R
UHWXUQV GHVLJQHG WR FXW GRZQ RQ FRVWV RI RSHUDWLRQV $OVR LWV SXUSRVH LV WR VDYH D ILQDQFLDOO\ DLOLQJ
Ba
an
FRPSDQ\IURPHYHQWXDOO\FROODSVLQJ (JATA Gen. Services v. NLRC, G.R. No. 148340, 26 January 2004).
e s
h
F5HGXQGDQF\±LWH[LVWVZKHUHWKHVHUYLFHVRIDQHPSOR\HHDUHLQH[FHVVRIZKDWLVUHDVRQDEO\
bl
C
RIZRUNHUVGHFOLQHLQWKHYROXPHRIEXVLQHVVHWF
R
an
G'LVHDVHZKHQDQHPSOR\HHVXIIHUVIURPDGLVHDVHZKLFKFDQQRWEHFXUHGIRUPRQWKVDQG
h
KLV FRQWLQXHG HPSOR\PHQW LV SURKLELWHG E\ ODZ RU SUHMXGLFLDO WR KLV KHDOWK RU WR WKH KHDOWK RI KLV FR
HPSOR\HHVWKHHPSOR\HUVKDOOWHUPLQDWHKLVVHUYLFHV:KDWLVFRQWHPSODWHGE\ODZLVHLWKHUFRQWDJLRXVRU
C
QRQFRQWDJLRXVGLVHDVH
H&ORVXUHRI%XVLQHVV±LWLVDPDQDJHPHQWSUHURJDWLYHWRFORVHLWVEXVLQHVVRSHUDWLRQVGXHWR
VHULRXVHFRQRPLFUHYHUVHVRUQRWGXHWRDGYHUVHHFRQRPLFFRQGLWLRQV
7RWDO &ORVXUH ± GXH WR VHULRXV HFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQV WKH FRPSDQ\ LV QRW OLDEOH WR SURYLGH
VHSDUDWLRQSD\+RZHYHULILWLVQRWGXHWRVHULRXVILQDQFLDOUHYHUVHVLWLVOLDEOHWRSD\òPRQWKSD\IRU
HYHU\\HDURIVHUYLFH1RWHWKDWSDUWLDOFORVXUHRIEXVLQHVVLVWUHDWHGUHWUHQFKPHQWWKXVDQHPSOR\HHLV
HQWLWOHGWRòPRQWKSD\IRUHYHU\\HDURIVHUYLFH
r
2WKHUIRUPVMXVWFDXVHVRIWHUPLQDWLRQE\DQHPSOR\HHFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO
Ba
&RQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDOGLVPLVVDOLQGLVJXLVH ±LVTXLWWLQJIURPDMRERIDQHPSOR\HHEHFDXVH
es
FRQWLQXHG HPSOR\PHQW KDV EHFRPH LPSRVVLEOH XQUHDVRQDEOH XQOLNHO\ RU XQEHDUDEOH XQGHU WKH
FLUFXPVWDQFHVLWLQFOXGHVGHPRWLRQLQUDQNGLPLQXWLRQRIVDODULHVEHQHILWVDQGRWKHUSULYLOHJHV
bl
o
r
D6HULRXVLQVXOW±DQ\DFWRIWKHHPSOR\HUWKDWLQMXUHVRUZRXQGVWKHIHHOLQJVRIDQHPSOR\HH
R
ZKLFKPD\FRPSHOWKHODWWHUWRTXLWKLVMREUHVXOWVLQFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO Ba
an
E 8QEHDUDEOH WUHDWPHQW ± DQ\ DFW WKDW DIIHFWV WKH PLQG DQG ERG\ VXFK DV LW SURGXFHV D
es
UHDVRQDEOH DSSUHKHQVLRQ RI SK\VLFDO YLROHQFH FDXVHV PHQWDO GLVWUHVV DQG VRUURZ ZKLFK FRPSHOOHG DQ
h
HPSOR\HHWRUHVLJQUHVXOWVLQFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO
bl
C
F&RPPLVVLRQRID&ULPLQDO2IIHQVHE\WKHHPSOR\HUDJDLQVWWKHSHUVRQRIDQHPSOR\HH±
o
VXFKDVVODSSLQJWKHHPSOR\HHSOXVWKHWKUHDWRIVFUDWFKLQJKHUIDFHZLWKDSDLURIVFLVVRUVFRQVWLWXWHVDQ
R
RIIHQVHZLOOMXVWLI\HPSOR\HH¶VDFWRIVHYHULQJHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS
an
1RWH,QFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDOWKHPRVWVLJQLILFDQWHOHPHQWLVquitting IURPWKHMRE
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
5
(PSOR\PHQWQRWGHHPHGWHUPLQDWHG
r
D%RQDILGHVXVSHQVLRQRIRSHUDWLRQRIEXVLQHVVQRWH[FHHGLQJPRQWKV
Ba
E)XOILOOPHQWRIDSHUVRQDOFLYLFRUPLOLWDU\GXW\HYHQLWH[FHHGVPRQWKV
F)ORDWLQJVWDWXVRURIIGHWDLOVWDWXVIRUDSHULRGRIPRQWKV
s
G(PSOR\HHRQDOHDYHRIDEVHQFH
e
H GD\ WLPH IUDPH IRU SUHYHQWLYH VXVSHQVLRQ RI DQ HPSOR\HH ,I LW H[FHHGV GD\V LW
bl
PHWDPRUSKRVHVLQWRDFDVHRIFRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDOXQOHVVSDLGKLVPRQWKO\VDODULHV
o
r
I (PSOR\HH ILOHG D FDVH RI LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO (PSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS LV PHUHO\
R
VXVSHQGHG Ba
an
s
7\SHVRI5HJXODU(PSOR\PHQW
e
h
bl
C
$5HJXODU(PSOR\PHQW
o
R
%\QDWXUHRIZRUN±WKHHPSOR\HHLVHQJDJHGWRSHUIRUPMREZKLFKLVXVXDOO\QHFHVVDU\RU
an
GHVLUDEOHLQWKHXVXDOEXVLQHVVRUWUDGHRIWKHHPSOR\HU(JPHFKDQLFLQDQDXWRUHSDLUVKRS
h
%\\HDUVRIVHUYLFH±WKHHPSOR\HHUHQGHUVVHUYLFHVIRUDWOHDVWRQH\HDURIVHUYLFHZKHWKHU
C
VXFKVHUYLFHLVFRQWLQXRXVRUEURNHQZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHDFWLYLW\LQZKLFKKHLVHPSOR\HG
8SRQWKH H[SLUDWLRQ RI WKH SUREDWLRQDU\ SHULRG ±WKH JHQHUDO SUREDWLRQDU\ SHULRG LV VL[
PRQWKVEH\RQGWKHVL[PRQWKSHULRGWKHHPSOR\HHEHFRPHVDUHJXODUHPSOR\HH)RUWHDFKHUV
ZLWKIXOOWLPHVDWLVIDFWRU\VHUYLFHWKHSUREDWLRQLVWKUHH\HDUVQRWWKUHHVFKRRO\HDUV
1RWH 7KH HPSOR\HU DQG WKH HPSOR\HH FDQ DJUHH RQ SUREDWLRQ EHORZ VL[ PRQWKV ZKLFK LV
IDYRUDEOHWRWKHHPSOR\HH$OVRWKH\FDQDJUHHEH\RQGVL[PRQWKVHVSHFLDOO\LIWKHQDWXUHRIWKHMRE
UHTXLUHVH[WHQVLYHWUDLQLQJ3/'75XOLQJ
8SRQH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHWUDLQLQJSHULRGRIVSHFLDOW\SHVRIZRUNHUVXQGHU%RRN,,RIWKH/DERU
r
&RGH
Ba
3UHWHUPLQDWLRQRIOHDUQHUVKLSFRQWUDFW±SURYLGHGDOHDUQHUKDVDOUHDG\EHHQWUDLQHGIRUWZR
es
PRQWKV
bl
&DVXDOHPSOR\HH±ZKRKDVUHQGHUHGDWOHDVWRQH\HDURIVHUYLFHDUHJXODUHPSOR\HH
o
r
R
&RQVWDQWUHKLULQJRUUHQHZDORIFRQWUDFWVXFKDVFRQVWDQWSURMHFWHPSOR\HHVH[FHSWLRQ2):V Ba
an
DQGVHDPHQZKRZHUHHPSOR\HGIRUDIL[HGWHUPRUFRQWUDFWXDOEDVLV
es
h
bl
6HDVRQDOHPSOR\HHVZKRDUHHPSOR\HGIURPVHDVRQWRVHDVRQSHUIRUPLQJWKHVDPHWDVN
C
o
1RQSURMHFWHPSOR\HHVEHORQJLQJWKHZRUNSRROZKRDUHQRWDOORZHGWRSURYLGHWKHLUVHUYLFHV
R
WRRWKHU
an
HPSOR\HUV
h
%&DVXDO(PSOR\PHQW±HPSOR\HHLVHQJDJHGWRZRUNLQDQDFWLYLW\WKDWLVQRWXVXDOO\QHFHVVDU\RU
C
GHVLUDEOHLQWKHXVXDOEXVLQHVVRIWKHHPSOR\HU(J$FDUSHQWHUKLUHGWRUHSDLUWKHURRIRIDQDXWRUHSDLU
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
6
VKRSLVDFDVXDOHPSOR\HHEHFDXVHKHSHUIRUPVMREWKDWLVRQO\LQFLGHQWDOWRWKHSULQFLSDODFWLYLW\RIWKH
HPSOR\HU,IWKHFDUSHQWHUZDVDEOHWRUHSDLULWIRUWKUHH\HDUVZKDWLVKLVVWDWXV"
r
Ba
& )L[HGWHUP IL[HGSHULRG RU FRQWUDFWXDO HPSOR\PHQW ± $Q HPSOR\HH LV HQJDJHG WR ZRUN RQ D
VSHFLILF SURMHFW RU XQGHUWDNLQJ WKH FRPSOHWLRQ RI ZKLFK KDV EHHQ GHWHUPLQHG DW WKH WLPH RI WKH
s
HQJDJHPHQW RI WKH HPSOR\HH The contract terminates by itself with the expiration of the contract or
e
bl
r
%/DZRQ3UHVFULSWLRQRI2IIHQVHVDQG&ODLP
R
Ba
an
D3XUHO\PRQH\FODLPV±\HDUV
s
E,QFUHPHQWDOSURFHHGVDULVLQJIURPWXLWLRQIHHV±\HDUV
e
h
F6HUYLFH,QFHQWLYH/HDYH±\HDUV
bl
C
G&ULPLQDOFDVHVXQGHUWKH/DERU&RGH±\HDUV
o
([FHSW
R
8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH±\HDU
an
6LPSOHLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
6\QGLFDWHGLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
h
/DUJHVFDOHLOOHJDOUHFUXLWPHQW±\HDUV
C
&ULPLQDODVSHFWLQ6RFLDO6HFXULW\/DZ±\HDUV
H8QLRQIXQG±\HDUV
I(PSOR\HHVFRPSHQVDWLRQFODLPV±\HDUV
J,OOHJDOGLVPLVVDO±\HDUV(Callanta v. Carnation Phils., 145 SCRA 268)
K5HLQVWDWHPHQW±\HDUV
L%DFNZDJHVGDPDJHV$WWRUQH\¶VIHHVOHJDOLQWHUHVWRQPRQHWDU\DZDUGV±\HDUV
(Arriola v. Pilipino Star, G.R. No. , 13 August 2014)
M6RFLDOVHFXULW\FODLPV±\HDUV
*RYHUQPHQWFODLPVRQSUHPLXPV±\HDUV
N*6,6FODLPV±\HDUV
([FHSW
r
/LIHLQVXUDQFHFODLPV±LPSUHVFULSWLEOH
5HWLUHPHQWFODLPV±LPSUHVFULSWLEOH Ba
es
&/DERU5HODWLRQV/DZ
bl
7ULVHFWRUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH1/5&
o
r
R
7KH1/5&LVDWULVHFWRUDOERG\ZKRVHFRPSRVLWLRQFRPHVIURPWKHJRYHUQPHQWODERUDQG Ba
an
DQGUHJXODWLRQVJRYHUQLQJLWVSURFHHGLQJV7KHKHDULQJDQGGLVSRVLWLRQRIFDVHVEHIRUHDQ\RILWV
h
bl
GLYLVLRQVRULWVUHJLRQDODUELWUDWLRQEUDQFKHVDUHDQH[HUFLVHRILWVTXDVLMXGLFLDOIXQFWLRQV
C
1/5&VDGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVH[HUFLVHGWKURXJKGLYLVLRQ
o
R
7KH1/5&H[HUFLVHVLWVDGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVDQGDOORWKHUSRZHUVDQGGXWLHVWKURXJKLWV
an
GLYLVLRQV7KHDivisions RIWKH1/5&KDYHH[FOXVLYHDSSHOODWHMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUFDVHVZLWKLQWKHLU
UHVSHFWLYHWHUULWRULDOMXULVGLFWLRQ(Mina v. NLRC, 14 July 1995
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
7
1/5&&RPPLVVLRQHUVDQG/DERU$UELWHUV
r
7KH1/5&&RPPLVVLRQHUVDQG/DERU$UELWHUVVKDOOKROGRIILFHGXULQJJRRGEHKDYLRU
Ba
XQWLOWKH\UHDFKWKHDJHRI\HDUV7KH3UHVLGHQWPD\H[WHQGWKHLUVHUYLFHVWR\HDUVXSRQWKH
UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRIWKH&RPPLVVLRQen banc.
s
7KH3UHVLGHQWVKDOODSSRLQWWKHPZLWKRXWWKHFRQILUPDWLRQRIWKH&RPPLVVLRQRQ
e
$SSRLQWPHQWV
bl
o
r
-XULVGLFWLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHU
R
Ba
D 8QIDLU ODERU SUDFWLFHV ([FHSW 8/3 FDVHV XQGHU WKH DVVXPSWLRQ SRZHU RI WKH
an
3UHVLGHQWRI6HFUHWDU\RI/DERULQDYLWDOLQGXVWU\GLVSXWHRUE\DJUHHPHQWSIWKHSDUWLHVWKURXJK
s
YROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQ
e
h
E7HUPLQDWLRQGLVSXWHV([FHSW±WHUPLQDWLRQGLVSXWHVXQGHUWKHDVVXPSWLRQSRZHURI
bl
C
WKH3UHVLGHQWRI6HFUHWDU\RI/DERURUE\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHVWKURXJKYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQ
o
F0RQH\FODLPVLQH[FHVVRI3KS([FHSW±PRQH\FODLPVXQGHUWKHDVVXPSWLRQ
R
SRZHU RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW RU 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU E\ DJUHHPHQW RI WKH SDUWLHV WKURXJK YROXQWDU\
an
DUELWUDWLRQ RU WKURXJK WKH H[HUFLVH E\ WKH 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRU RI WKH '2/( RI LWV YLVLWRULDO
LQVSHFWLRQRUHQIRUFHPHQWSRZHUV
h
G'DPDJHV$QDZDUGRIGDPDJHVLVEURXJKWDERXWE\KLVLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDO7KHSXUSRVH
C
RIGDPDJHVLVLQGHPQLW\QRWSXQLVKPHQWEXWWRDOOHYLDWHWKHPRUDOVXIIHULQJKHKDVXQGHUJRQHE\
YLUWXHRIKLVXQZDUUDQWHGGLVPLVVDO
H$OOPDWWHUVWKDWSHUWDLQWRDQ\FRQFHUWHGDFWLYLW\VXFKDVVWULNHSLFNHWLQJORFNRXWV
HWF
I $OO FODLPV WKDW KDYH UHDVRQDEOH FDXVDO FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH
UHODWLRQVKLS
1RWH :LWK HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS ± ODERU WULEXQDOV ZLWKRXW HPSOR\HU
HPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS±UHJXODUFRXUWV
J $OO FODLPV DULVLQJ RXW RI HPSOR\HUHPSOR\HH UHODWLRQVKLS RI DQ 2): LQFOXGLQJ
GDPDJHVDQGGLVDELOLW\FODLPV(Sec. 10, R.A. 8042 as amended by R.A. 10022).
K$OOFODLPVRIHPSOR\HHVRIJRYHUQPHQWRZQHGRUFRQWUROOHGFRUSRUDWLRQVZLWKRXW
r
RULJLQDOFKDUWHUVNQRZQDOVRDVVXEVLGLDULHVRUFRUSRUDWHRIIVSULQJVJRYHUQLQJODZ±ODERUFRGH
Ba
L-XULVGLFWLRQRYHUFROODWHUDOPDWWHUV±,IWKH/DERU$UELWHUKDVMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUWKH
PDLQFDVHOLNHZLVHKHKDVMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUDOOPDWWHUVWKDWDUHFROODWHUDORULQFLGHQWDOWKHUHWR
es
(J LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO FDVH WKRVH WKDW DUH FROODWHUDO WKHUHWR PD\ LQFOXGH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI
bl
EDFNZDJHVGDPDJHVDWWRUQH\¶VIHHVLVVXDQFHRIZULWRIH[HFXWLRQRUPRWLRQWRTXDVK
M -XULVGLFWLRQ RYHU GHGXFWLRQV IRU WD[ SXUSRVHV DUH PRQH\ FODLPV XQGHU /DERU
o
r
$UELWHU¶VMXULVGLFWLRQ
R
Ba
an
&DVHVQRWFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
es
h
bl
D7KHDJJUHJDWHDPRXQWRIPRQH\FODLPGRHVQRWH[FHHG3KS
C
E&ODLPVIRUHPSOR\HH¶VFRPSHQVDWLRQVRFLDOVHFXULW\3KLOKHDOWKDQGPDWHUQLW\EHQHILWV
o
F&ODLPIRUOLTXLGDWHGGDPDJHVIRUEUHDFKRIQRQFRPSHWHSURYLVLRQLQDQHPSOR\PHQW
R
FRQWUDFWLVDQLQWULQVLFDOO\DFLYLOGLVSXWH
an
G'HOLWRTXDVLGHOLWRRUWRUW
H,QWUDFRUSRUDWHFDVHVVXFKDVGLVPLVVDORIFRUSRUDWHRIILFHUVVKDOOEHFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH
h
5HJLRQDO7ULDO&RXUWDFWLQJDVFRUSRUDWHFRXUWXQGHU6HFXULWLHV&RGHRI
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
8
7KHFRUSRUDWHRIILFHUVDUHWKRVHPHQWLRQHGLQWKH&RUSRUDWLRQ&RGHDQGWKHE\ODZV,WLV
VHWWOHGWKH%RDUGRI'LUHFWRUVFDQQRORQJHUFUHDWHFRUSRUDWHRIILFHVWKURXJK%RDUG5HVROXWLRQV
r
EHFDXVHWKHLUSRZHUWRFUHDWHVXFKRIILFHVFDQQRWEHGHOHJDWHG(Matling Industrial and Commercial
Ba
Corp., v. Corros, G.R. No. 157802, 13 October 2010).
I'LVPLVVDOFDVHILOHGDJDLQVWDORFDOZDWHUGLVWULFWLVJRYHUQHGE\WKH&LYLO6HUYLFH/DZ
s
JFDVHVLQYROYLQJJRYHUQPHQWRZQHGRUFRQWUROOHGFRUSRUDWLRQVZLWKRULJLQDOFKDUWHUV
e
K&DVHVRQXQUHVROYHGJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRUHQIRUFHPHQWRI&%$RU
o
r
FRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
R
Ba
L&DVHVDULVLQJIURPYLRODWLRQRIWUDLQLQJDJUHHPHQWV(JLQ$SSUHQWLFHVKLSMXULVGLFWLRQ
an
UHVWVXSRQLQLWLDOO\ZLWK$SSUHQWLFHVKLS3ODQW&RPPLWWHH
s
M,QWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVZLWKIXQFWLRQDOLPPXQLWLHVVXFKDV6($)'(&,55,DQG
e
h
$'%DUHEH\RQGWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHU
bl
C
N0HPEHUVRIWKHGLSORPDWLFFRUSVZLWKGLSORPDWLFLPPXQLWLHV
o
O0RQH\FODLPVDJDLQVWJRYHUQPHQWDJHQFLHVVXFKDVWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH
R
7KHFODLPVKRXOGEHILOHGZLWKWKH&RPPLVVLRQRQ$XGLW
an
P7KH/DERU$UELWHUKDVQRMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUFDVHVWKDWKDYHEHFRPHILQDODQG
H[HFXWRU\XQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRILPPXWDELOLW\RIILQDOMXGJPHQW7KHH[FHSWLRQLVZKHQWKHUHZDV
h
1/5&3RZHUV
D&RQWHPSWSRZHU±WKH1/5&KDVWKHSRZHUWRKROGDSHUVRQLQFRQWHPSWDQGLPSRVH
DSSURSULDWH SHQDOWLHV IRU DQ\ PLVEHKDYLRU RU PLVFRQGXFW WKDW PD\ REVWUXFW WKH H[HUFLVH RI LWV
SRZHUVDQGIXQFWLRQV
E,QMXQFWLYHSRZHU±WKHSXUSRVHRIDQLQMXQFWLYHZULWLVWRSUHVHUYHWKHstatus quo XQWLO
WKHPHULWVRIWKHFDVHDUHIXOO\KHDUG7KHLVVXDQFHUHTXLUHVDKHDULQJDWZKLFKSDUWLHVDUHJLYHQ
r
WKHRSSRUWXQLW\WREHKHDUG0D\WKH1/5&LVVXHD7HPSRUDU\UHVWUDLQLQJ2UGHUex parte? <HV
Ba
5HDVRQ±LWLVDPHUHLQWHUORFXWRU\RUGHUZKLFKFRQWHPSODWHVIXUWKHUKHDULQJIRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI
DWHPSRUDU\LQMXQFWLRQXSRQQRWLFHWRWKHDGYHUVHSDUW\,QGHHGLWFDQEHLVVXHGZLWKRXWQRWLFH
es
SCRA 499).
F&DVHVXQGHUDVVXPSWLRQSRZHURIWKH3UHVLGHQWDQG6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUFHUWLILHG
o
r
WRWKH1/5&IRUFRPSXOVRU\DUELWUDWLRQ
R
G$SSHOODWHSRZHU Ba
an
&DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH/DERU&RGHDQG
es
6HFWLRQRI5$RYHUFDVHVLQYROYLQJ2):VDQGVHDIDUHUV
h
bl
:DJHGLVWRUWLRQFDVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH
C
/DERU&RGHLQQRQXQLRQL]HGHVWDEOLVKPHQWV
o
&DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHUVRQFRQWHVWHGFDVHVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH
R
/DERU&RGHRQYLVLWRULDODQGHQIRUFHPHQWSRZHUV
an
&DVHVGHFLGHGE\WKH5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVRIWKH'2/(LQWKHH[HUFLVHRIWKHLU
DGMXGLFDWRU\IXQFWLRQVXQGHU$UWLFOHRIWKH/DERU&RGH
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
9
3ULQFLSOHRIHPDQFLSDWLRQRIODERUUHODWLRQVGRFWULQHRIVSHHG\ODERUMXVWLFH
r
7KLVSULQFLSOHVLPSO\SURYLGHVWKDWUXOHVRISURFHGXUHDQGHYLGHQFHLQFRXUWVRIODZRU
Ba
HTXLW\VKDOOQRWFRQWUROODERUSURFHHGLQJV7KHVDPHPD\EHUHOD[HGLQODERUFDVHVWRVHUYHWKH
GHPDQGVRIVXEVWDQWLDOMXVWLFH(Havtor v. NLRC, 372 SCRA 271).
es
3RVLWLRQSDSHUSURFHHGLQJVQRWYLRODWLYHRIGXHSURFHVV
bl
o
r
/DERUFDVHVFDQEHGHFLGHGRQWKHEDVLOVRISRVLWLRQSDSHUVDQGRWKHUGRFXPHQWVZLWKRXW
R
Ba
UHVRUWLQJ WR WHFKQLFDO UXOHV RI SURFHGXUH DQG HYLGHQFH REVHUYHG LQ WKH FRXUW RI MXVWLFH 6XFK D
an
*URXQGVIRUDSSHDO
bl
C
o
D$EXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQ
R
E)UDXGRUFRHUFLRQ
an
F*UDIWDQGFRUUXSWLRQ
G4XHVWLRQRI/DZ
h
H6HULRXVHUURULQWKHILQGLQJRIIDFWV
C
5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUDSSHDOWRWKH1/5&
D$PHPRUDQGXPRIDSSHDOFRS\IXUQLVKHGWKHRWKHUSDUW\)DLOXUHWRFRS\IXUQLVK
WKHRWKHUSDUW\LVQRWIDWDOWRDSSHDOLWLVDPHUHSURFHGXUDODQGIRUPDOODSVH
E3D\PHQWRIDSSHDOGRFNHWIHHRIILOLQJIHH1RQSD\PHQWLVIDWDOWRDSSHDOEHFDXVH
SD\PHQWRIGRFNHWIHHLVQRWDPDWWHURISURFHGXUHEXWDPDWWHURIMXULVGLFWLRQ,WLVMXULVGLFWLRQDO
UHTXLUHPHQW(Acda v. Minister of Labor, 119 SCRA 306).
F3RVWLQJRIFDVKRUVXUHW\ERQGLIWKHMXGJPHQWLQYROYHVDPRQHWDU\DZDUG7KHODZ
IL[HVW\SHVRIERQGFDVKRUVXUHW\7KHH[FHSWLRQLVSURSHUW\ERQGSXUVXDQWWR8(50UXOLQJ
r
1RWH 7KH DSSHOODQW HPSOR\HU VKRXOG SRVW D UHDVRQDEOH DPRXQW RI WKH ERQG DQG
DERYHRUIXOODPRXQWRIWKHERQGWRSHUIHFWDQDSSHDOERQGLVQRWUHDVRQDEOH Ba
G3URRIRIVHUYLFHWRWKHDGYHUVHSDUW\
es
bl
0RWLRQWRUHGXFHERQGDFFRPSDQLHGE\SRVWLQJDQDSSHDOERQG
o
r
3XUVXDQWMc Bernie v. GanzonWKHDSSHOODQWHPSOR\HUFDQSRVWRIWKHDPRXQWRIWKH
R
ERQG+RZHYHULIWKH1/5&GHQLHGWKHPRWLRQWKHHPSOR\HULVJLYHQGD\VIUHVKSHULRGWR Ba
an
SHUIHFWDQDSSHDO
h
bl
C
5HFHLSWRIHYLGHQFHIRUWKHILUVWWLPHRQDSSHDODOORZHG
o
R
,WLVVHWWOHGWKH1/5&LVQRWSUHFOXGHGIURPUHFHLYLQJHYLGHQFHHYHQIRUWKHILUVWRQDSSHDO
an
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
10
&KDQJHRIWKHRU\RQDSSHDOQRWSURSHU
r
$FKDQJHRUWKHRU\RQDSSHDOLVQRWSURSHU,WLVRIIHQVLYHWRWKHEDVLFUXOHVRIIDLUSOD\DQG
Ba
YLRODWLYHRIGXHSURFHVV7KXVprescriptionFDQQRWEHUDLVHGIRUWKHILUVWWLPHRQDSSHDOPXFKOHVV
LQDPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ(Dosch v. NLRC; 123 SCRA 296; Jacqueline Ind. V. NLRC, 69
s
SCRA 242).
e
bl
/DERU$UELWHU¶VGHFLVLRQDVWRUHLQVWDWHPHQWDVSHFWLPPHGLDWHO\VHOIH[HFXWRU\3LRQHHU
o
r
UXOLQJ
R
Ba
an
$VWRWKHUHLQVWDWHPHQWDVSHFWRIWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH/DERU$UELWHULWLVLPPHGLDWHO\self-
s
executory; WKDWLVWKHHPSOR\HHLVUHVWRUHGWRKLVIRUPHUSRVLWLRQVDQVWKHSURFHGXUDOUHTXLUHPHQW
e
h
RIDZULWRIH[HFXWLRQ7KLVDSSOLHVRQO\LQWKH/DERU$UELWHUOHYHOQRWZLWK1/5&&$RUWKH
bl
C
6XSUHPH&RXUW
o
R
5HLQVWDWHPHQWSHQGLQJDSSHDO5HIXQGGRFWULQHDEDQGRQHG
an
7KHHPSOR\HULVJLYHQRSWLRQVXQGHUWKHODZWKDWLVWRUHLQVWDWHWKHHPSOR\HHDFWXDOO\
h
RULQWKHSD\UROO,IWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWILQDOO\ILQGVOHJDOGLVPLVVDODQGVHWVDVLGHWKHGHFLVLRQVa
C
quo ILQGLQJLOOHJDOGLVPLVVDOWKHHPSOR\HHUHLQVWDWHGLQWKHSD\UROOLVQRWUHTXLUHGWRUHLPEXUVH
WKHVDODULHVUHFHLYHGSHQGLQJDSSHDOEHFDXVHWKHSULQFLSOHRIVRFLDOMXVWLFHUHQGHUVLQDSSOLFDEOHWR
WKHFLYLOODZGRFWULQHRIXQMXVWHQULFKPHQW(Garcia v. Pal; G.R. 164856, 20 January 2009).
1/5&GHFLVLRQVXEMHFWWRSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLRUDULSXUVXDQWWR6W0DUWLQ¶V)XQHUDO+RPH
UXOLQJ
7KHSDUW\DGYHUVHO\DIIHFWHGE\WKH1/5&GHFLVLRQPD\REWDLQDUHYLHZDQGQXOOLILFDWLRQ
RIWKDWGHFLVLRQWKURXJKWKHH[WUDRUGLQDU\ZULWRIFHUWLRUDULXQGHU5XOHWREHLQLWLDOO\ILOHGZLWK
WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVXQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRIKLHUDUFK\RI&RXUWV
r
3HWLWLRQIRUUHYLHZRQFHUWLRUDULWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWIURPWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH&RXUWRI
$SSHDOVXQGHU5XOH Ba
es
7KH DSSHDO IURP D ILQDO GLVSRVLWLRQ RI WKH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV LV D SHWLWLRQ IRU UHYLHZ RQ
bl
FHUWLRUDULXQGHU5XOH8QGHU5XOHWKHUHJOHPHQWDU\SHULRGWRDSSHDOLVILIWHHQGD\V
IURPQRWLFHRIMXGJPHQWRUGHQLDORIWKHPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ(ATC v. CA; G.R. 144664, 16
o
r
March 2004).
R
Ba
an
-XGLFLDOUHYLHZRITXHVWLRQVRIIDFWV
es
h
bl
7KHILQDORUGHURUUHVROXWLRQRIWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVPD\EHDSSHDOHGWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUW
C
GD\VIURPQRWLFHRIMXGJPHQWRUGHQLDORIWKHPRWLRQIRUUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ
R
an
4XHVWLRQVRIIDFWVVKRXOGQRWEHUHYLHZHGE\WKH6XSUHPH&RXUWDVLWLVQRWDWULHURIIDFWV
+RZHYHUMXGLFLDOUHYLHZRIILQGLQJVRIIDFWVDUHDOORZHGXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJLQVWDQFHV
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
11
D :KHQ WKH IDFWXDO ILQGLQJV RI WKH /DERU $UELWHU WKH 1/5& DQG WKH &RXUW RI
$SSHDOVDUHFRQWUDGLFWRU\RUGLDPHWULFDOO\RSSRVHGWRHDFKRWKHU
r
E :KHQ WKH FRQFOXVLRQV RI WKH &$ DUH EDVHG RQ VSHFXODWLRQV VXUPLVHV
Ba FRQMHFWXUHVDQGPLVDSSUHKHQVLRQRIIDFWV
F:KHQWKH&$IDLOHGWRFRQVLGHUIDFWVZKLFKLISURSHUO\FRQVLGHUHGZRXOGMXVWLI\
s
DGLIIHUHQWFRQFOXVLRQ(Bascon v. CA; G.R. No. 144899, 5 February 2004).
e
bl
:ULWRIH[HFXWLRQLVVXHGE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
o
r
R
Ba
$IWHUWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHSUHH[HFXWLRQFRQIHUHQFHWKH/DERU$UELWHUFDQLVVXHDZULWRI
an
H[HFXWLRQDVLWLVLWVPLQLVWHULDOGXW\RQFHWKHGHFLVLRQKDVEHFRPHILQDODQGH[HFXWRU\
s
*URXQGVIRUPRWLRQWRTXDVK
e
h
bl
C
$ZULWRIH[HFXWLRQPD\EHTXDVKHGRQWKHIROORZLQJJURXQGV
o
D7KHZULWKDVEHHQLPSURYLGHQWO\LVVXHG
R
E7KHZULWLVLVVXHGWRQRQSDUW\
an
F7KHZULWLVLVVXHGZLWKRXWDXWKRULW\DQG
G7KHZULWLVGHIHFWLYHGXHWRWKHLUUHJXODULW\LQWKHLVVXDQFH
h
(+HLUVRI*XEDOOD6&5$518).
C
([HFXWLRQSHQGLQJDSSHDO
$SDUW\PD\DOUHDG\PRYHIRUWKHH[HFXWLRQRIWKHPRQHWDU\DZDUGRIWKH1/5&HYHQ
GXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIWKHSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLRUDULRIWKH1/5&GHFLVLRQDZDUGLQJWKHVDPHZLWK
WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVRUWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWXQOHVVUHVWUDLQHGE\WKHODWWHU(Brizuela v. Dingle; G.R.
175371 , 30 April 2008).
%XUHDXRI/DERU5HODWLRQV
&RQFXUUHQWDQGRULJLQDOMXULVGLFWLRQRI%/5DQGWKH5HJLRQDO2IILFHRIWKH'2/(
r
D$OOLQWHUXQLRQDQGLQWUDXQLRQFRQIOLFWVDQG
E$OOGLVSXWHVDIIHFWLQJODERUPDQDJHPHQWUHODWLRQVLQDOOZRUNSODFHV Ba
&RQFXUUHQWDGPLQLVWUDWLYHIXQFWLRQVRIWKH%/5DQG'2/(5HJLRQDO2IILFH
es
D5HJLVWUDWLRQVRIODERUXQLRQV
bl
E.HHSLQJDUHJLVWU\RIDOOODERUXQLRQVDQG
F.HHSLQJDILOHRIDOO&%$V
o
r
R
&RPSODLQWVLQYROYLQJIHGHUDWLRQVQDWLRQDOXQLRQVHWF Ba
an
es
$OOFRPSODLQWVRUSHWLWLRQVLQYROYLQJIHGHUDWLRQVQDWLRQDOXQLRQVRULQGXVWU\XQLRQVVKDOO
h
bl
EHILOHGZLWK'2/(5HJLRQDO2IILFHRUWKH%/5EXWVXFKFRPSODLQWVKDOOEHKHDUGDQGUHVROYHG
C
E\WKH%/5
o
R
&RQFLOLDWLRQ0HGLDWLRQIXQFWLRQRIWKH1&0%
an
7KHFRQFLOLDWLRQPHGLDWLRQIXQFWLRQVRIWKH%/5DUHQRZWUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH1&0%
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
12
'XWLHVRIWKH1&0%LQFDVHRIEDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFNVWDOHPDWH
r
,IWKHSDUWLHVIDLOWRVHWWOHLVVXHVLQFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJDQ\SDUW\PD\GHFODUHDGHDGORFN
Ba
2QFHWKHUHLVDGHDGORFNWKHODZGLUHFWVWKH1&0%WRLQWHUYHQHHLWKHU
DPRWXSURSULR
s
EXSRQUHTXHVWRIWKHPDQDJHPHQW
e
FXSRQUHTXHVWRIWKHXQLRQRU
bl
GXSRQWKHMRLQWUHTXHVWRIWKHPDQDJHPHQWDQGWKHXQLRQ
o
r
R
Ba
4XLWFODLPGHFODUHGQXOODQGYRLG
an
s
$TXLWFODLPLQZKLFKWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQLVVFDQGDORXVO\ORZDQGLQHTXLWDEOHGRHVQRWEDU
e
h
WKHSXUVXLWRIWKHZRUNHU¶VOHJLWLPDWHFODLP,WLVQXOODQGYRLGIRUEHLQJFRQWUDU\WRSXEOLFSROLF\
bl
C
R
5HJLVWU\RIXQLRQVUHJLVWUDWLRQRI&%$
an
7KH%/5VKDOONHHSDUHJLVWU\RIDOOOHJLWLPDWHODERURUJDQL]DWLRQV,WVKDOODOVRUHJLVWHU
h
&%$V
C
9DOLGLW\RI&%$
6XEVWDQWLYH YDOLGLW\ RI WKH &%$ LV QRW DIIHFWHG E\ QRQUHJLVWUDWLRQ +RZHYHU DQ
XQUHJLVWHUHG&%$GRHVQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQUXOH
&RQWUDFWEDUUXOH
7KHH[LVWHQFHRIWKHGXO\UHJLVWHUHG&%$EDUVWKHKROGLQJRIDFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQRUDQ\
DFWLRQWKDWGLVWXUEVVXFK&%$
r
([FHSWLRQVWRWKHFRQWUDFWEDUUXOHFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQQRWEDUUHG
Ba
D&%$LVQRWUHJLVWHUHG6LQFHLWLVQRWUHJLVWHUHGLWZLOOQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
es
E&%$LVLQFRPSOHWHLQDGHTXDWHVZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
bl
F&%$ZDVSUHPDWXUHO\H[WHQGHG
G0DVVGLVDIILOLDWLRQIURPWKHPDMRULW\XQLRQVFKLVPRUVSOLWDQG
o
r
H&%$HQWHUHGLQWRGXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
R
Ba
an
/HJDOHIIHFWVRIUHJLVWUDWLRQRIDXQLRQ5LJKWVRIDXQLRQ
es
h
bl
D5LJKWVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDSSOLHVRQO\WRXQLRQPHPEHUV
C
E5LJKWWREHFHUWLILHGDVWKHFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWLQWKHEDUJDLQLQJXQLW±DSSOLHV
o
WRDOOHPSOR\HHV
R
F5LJKWWRDFTXLUHDQGGLVSRVHRISURSHUW\
an
G5LJKWWRVXHDQGEHVXHGLQLWVUHJLVWHUHGQDPH
H5LJKWWRHQJDJHLQDFWLYLWLHVZKLFKUHGRXQGWRWKHEHQHILWRIXQLRQPHPEHUV
h
I5LJKWWRWD[H[HPSWLRQDQG
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
13
J5LJKWWREHIXUQLVKHGZLWKHPSOR\HH¶VDXGLWHGILQDQFLDOVWDWHPHQWXSRQZULWWHQUHTXHVW
RIWKHXQLRQ
r
Ba
5LJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
s
7KH ULJKW WR VHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ DSSOLHV WR DOO HPSOR\HHV WR IRUP MRLQ RU DVVLVW LQ WKH
e
IRUPDWLRQRIDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQRUZRUNHUVDVVRFLDWLRQ7KLVLQFOXGHVHPSOR\HHVLQFRPPHUFLDO
bl
LQGXVWULDODJULFXOWXUDOUHOLJLRXVFKDULWDEOHPHGLFDORUHGXFDWLRQLQVWLWXWLRQVRSHUDWLQJIRUSURILW
o
r
RUQRW
R
Ba
$PEXODQW LQWHUPLWWHQW DQG LWLQHUDQW ZRUNHUV VHOIHPSOR\HG UXUDO ZRUNHUV DQG WKRVH
an
ZLWKRXWDQ\GHILQLWHHPSOR\HUVPD\IRUPDZRUNHUDVVRFLDWLRQIRUWKHLUPXWXDODLGDQGSURWHFWLRQ
s
EXWQRWIRUSXUSRVHVRIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
e
h
bl
C
:KRFDQFDQQRWMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQ"
o
R
D6XSHUYLVRUVFDQQRWMRLQDUDQNDQGILOHXQLRQFRPLQJOLQJSURKLELWHG
an
E(PSOR\HHVPHPEHUVRIDFRRSHUDWLYHFDQQRWMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQDQHPSOR\HH
PHPEHUFDQQRWEDUJDLQZLWKKLPVHOIRUKLVFRRZQHUV(CNEEC v. SOLE, 13 September 1991);
h
F&RQILGHQWLDOHPSOR\HHVSHUIRUPLQJPDQDJHULDOIXQFWLRQVFDQQRWMRLQDODERU
C
RUJDQL]DWLRQ
G &RQILGHQWLDO HPSOR\HHV ZKR KDYH DFFHVV RQ FRQILGHQWLDO PDWWHUV RI SHUVRQV ZKR
H[HUFLVH PDQDJHULDO IXQFWLRQV LQ WKH ILHOG RI ODERU UHODWLRQV +RZHYHU FRQILGHQWLDO HPSOR\HHV
ZLWKRXW DFFHVV WR FRQILGHQWLDO ODERU UHODWLRQV PDWWHUV FDQ MRLQ (NATU v. Torres, 29 December
1994);
H:RUNLQJFKLOGUHQFDQMRLQDODERURUJDQL]DWLRQ(P.D. 603);
I+RPHZRUNHUVFDQMRLQDXQLRQ(D.O.5, 4 February 1992);
J,QGHSHQGHQWFRQWUDFWRU¶VHPSOR\HHVFDQMRLQDXQLRQ(D.O. 18-02, 2002);
K,QWKHJRYHUQPHQWVHFWRUWKHIROORZLQJFDQQRWIRUPRUMRLQDUDQNDQGILOHXQLRQ
0HPEHUVRIWKH$)3313%-03%)3
+LJKOHYHOHPSOR\HHVH[HUFLVLQJPDQDJHULDOIXQFWLRQV(E.O. 180);
r
L(PSOR\HHVRILQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQPD\MRLQEXWQRWIRUSXUSRVHVRIFROOHFWLYH
EDUJDLQLQJ(Kapisanan v. SOLE, 28 September 1990); Ba
es
M$OLHQHPSOR\HHVFDQQRWMRLQXQOHVVWKHLUFRXQWU\H[WHQGVWKHULJKWWR)LOLSLQRZRUNHUV
bl
(D.O. 40-03)
N0DQDJHULDOHPSOR\HHVFDQQRWMRLQDXQLRQ(Article 251, Labor Code);
o
r
O6XSHUYLVRUVPD\MRLQDXQLRQ
R
P5DQNDQGILOHHPSOR\HHVFDQMRLQDXQLRQDQG Ba
an
Q5DQNDQGILOHXQLRQDQGDVXSHUYLVRU¶VXQLRQEHORQJLQJWRWKHVDPHFRPSDQ\FDQMRLQ
es
bl
C
8QIDLU/DERU3UDFWLFH
o
R
D$QXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHLVDQDFWE\DQHPSOR\HU±RUWKHLUDJHQWVZKLFKYLRODWHVWKH
an
ULJKWRIZRUNHUVWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
E1DWXUHRI8/3±LWLVQRWRQO\DQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHRUFLYLORIIHQVHEXWDOVRDFULPLQDODFW
h
%XWWKHFULPLQDODVSHFWRI8/3FDQEHILOHGRQO\ZLWKWKHUHJXODUFRXUWVSURYLGHGWKHUHZDVDOUHDG\
C
DILQDOYHUGLFWE\WKH/DERU$UELWHURQWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHRUFLYLODVSHFWV
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
14
F6HWWOHGLVWKHUXOHWKDWHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLSVKRXOGH[LVWLQ8/38/3V
FRPPLWWHGE\DJHQWVQRQHPSOR\HHVRIHLWKHUFRPSDQ\RUXQLRQ\HOORZGRJFRQWUDFWDQG
r
GRFWULQHRILQQRFHQWE\VWDQGHU(Liwayway Publishing Ruling).
Ba G(PSOR\HU8/3V
,QWHUIHUHQFH5HVWUDLQW&RHUFLRQ±FRPPLWWHGWKURXJKHFRQRPLFSK\VLFDORU
s
SV\FKRORJLFDOPHDQV7KHWHUP³LQWHUIHUHQFH´LVDOOHPEUDFLQJDVLWLQFOXGHVDOODFWVRIERWK
e
WKHHPSOR\HUDQGWKHXQLRQGHVLJQHGWRGLVFRXUDJHDFWLYHXQLRQLVP
bl
<HOORZGRJ FRQWUDFW ± $ SHUVRQ ZKR VLJQV WKLV FRQWUDFW LV D FRZDUGO\ GRJ
o
r
EHFDXVH KH UHQRXQFHG KLV ULJKW WR VHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ +HUH WKH HPSOR\HU UHTXLUHV DQ
R
Ba
DSSOLFDQW WR WKH MRE WKDW KH VKRXOG QHYHU MRLQ WKH XQLRQ LQ WKH EDUJDLQLQJ XQLW RQFH
an
HPSOR\HG
s
&RPSDQ\XQLRQLVP±,WPD\EHIRUPHGDWWKHLQVWDQFHRIDQHPSOR\HURULWLV
e
h
DOUHDG\DQDFWLYHXQLRQEXWWKHHPSOR\HUGDPSHQVLWVPLOLWDQF\E\FDSWXULQJLWE\NLQGQHVV
bl
C
RU E\ PDLQWDLQLQJ D FORVH SHUVRQDO UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK XQLRQ RIILFHUV RU E\ SURYLGLQJ
o
HFRQRPLFFRQFHVVLRQVWRVXFKXQLRQ
R
'LVFULPLQDWLRQ±PDQLIHVWVLWVHOILQWKHIROORZLQJ'LVPLVVDOOD\RIIFORVXUHRI
an
EXVLQHVV UHKLULQJ WUDQVIHU UHWUHQFKPHQW RU WKUHDW WR FORVH WKH SODQW EHFDXVH RI XQLRQ
DFWLYLWLHV
h
5HIXVDOWREDUJDLQ±,QGXW\WREDUJDLQLWUHTXLUHVWKHSDUWLHVWRPDQXDOO\EDUJDLQ
C
SURPSWO\ RQ UHDVRQDEOH WHUPV DQG FRQGLWLRQV RI HPSOR\PHQW DQG LQ JRRG IDLWK ,Q WKLV
FRQWH[WWKHIROORZLQJ8/3VPD\EHFRPPLWWHG
D'HOD\LQJWKHEDUJDLQLQJSURFHVVE\WKHHPSOR\HUDVLWKDVQRLQWHQWLRQRI
VLJQLQJD&%$ZLWKWKHXQLRQ±VXUIDFHEDUJDLQLQJ
E'HOD\LQJWKHVXEPLVVLRQE\WKHHPSOR\HURILWVFRXQWHUSURSRVDORUWKH
HPSOR\HULQLWVFRXQWHUSURSRVDOLQWLPDWHGWRWKHXQLRQWKDWLVVXEPLWWLQJWKHVDPH
RQDWDNHLWRUOHDYHLWEDUJDLQLQJ±%RXOZDUHLVP
F7KHXQLRQVXEPLWWLQJ&%$SURSRVDOFRQWDLQLQJHFRQRPLFGHPDQGVWKDW
DUHXQUHDVRQDEOHRUH[DJJHUDWHG±%OXHVN\EDUJDLQLQJ
G7KHHPSOR\HUVROGWKHVWRFNVWRDGXPP\FRUSRUDWLRQRUSXWVXSDVKRS
LQDQRWKHUDUHDZKHUHWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHEXVLQHVVRUHTXLSPHQWDUHWUDQVIHUUHG±
r
5XQDZD\VKRS
Ba
*URVV)ODJUDQWYLRODWLRQRIWKH&%$±LWUHIHUVWRWKHYLRODWLRQRIWKHHFRQRPLF
SURYLVLRQVLQWKH&%$VXFKDVHVFDODWRUFODXVHDFURVVWKHERDUGZDJHLQFUHDVHHWF
es
8/3LVQRWUHODWHGZLWKYLRODWLRQRI5LJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
3URYLGLQJ WKH XQLRQ ZLWK QHJRWLDWLRQ IHHV ± 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR SUHYHQW D
o
r
VZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
R
&RQWUDFWLQJRXWRIVHUYLFHVWRDQLQGHSHQGHQWFRQWUDFWRUEH\RQGVL[PRQWKV Ba
an
±FRQVWUXFWLYHGLVPLVVDO
es
h
bl
81,218/3V
C
o
D5HVWUDLQWRUFRHUFLRQVXFKDVSUHYHQWLQJHPSOR\HHVZKRGRQRWZLVKWRMRLQWKHVWULNH
R
LQJRLQJWRRUUHWXUQLQJIURPZRUNGXULQJWKHVWULNH
an
E'LVFULPLQDWLRQ±VXFKDVWKHDFWRIH[SHOOLQJDXQLRQPHPEHUIRUILOLQJFKDUJHVDJDLQVW
XQLRQRIILFHUV
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
15
F)HDWKHUEHGGLQJDFWLYLWLHV±7KLV8/3FRPPLWWHGDJDLQVWWKHHPSOR\HULVDQH[WRUWLRQ
RIPRQH\RURWKHUWKLQJVRIYDOXHIRUVHUYLFHVUHQGHUHGRUXQSHUIRUPHGE\WKHXQLRQ7KHXQLRQ
r
PDNHVZRUNRUSURORQJVWKHZRUNLQRUGHUWRHDUQ
Ba G9LRODWLRQRIWKHGXW\WREDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\±7KHXQLRQLVJXLOW\RI8/3LILWFRPSHOV
DQHPSOR\HUWRQHJRWLDWHD&%$ZLWKLWGXULQJSHQGHQF\RIDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWLRQ
s
H $FFHSWDQFH RI QHJRWLDWLRQ IHHV IURP WKH HPSOR\HU 7KLV LV GHVLJQHG WR SUHYHQW DQ
e
LQDGHTXDWH&%$NQRZQDVVZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
bl
I 9LRODWLRQ RI WKH &%$ ± $ VWULNH VWDJHG E\ WKH XQLRQ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI WKH FRQFOXVLYH
o
r
DUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLQWKH&%$LVDQXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH
R
Ba
J %OXHVN\ EDUJDLQLQJ ± 7KH HFRQRPLF SURSRVDOV RI WKH XQLRQ DUH H[DJJHUDWHG RU
an
XQUHDVRQDEOH7KH\DUHEH\RQGWKHFDSDFLW\WRJLYHE\WKHHPSOR\HU
s
e
h
&ROOHFWLYH%DUJDLQLQJ
bl
C
o
D&ROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJGHQRWHVQHJRWLDWLRQVORRNLQJIRUZDUGWRDFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
R
DJUHHPHQW
an
E&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
&RQWLQXLQJOHJDOUHODWLRQVKLS
h
3URFHVVRIDGMXVWPHQW
C
&RQWUDFWRIUHDVRQDEOHEHQHILWV
&RQWUDFWRIUHODWLYHHTXDOLW\
$JHQF\RISDUWLFLSDWRU\GHPRFUDF\
F6WHSVLQFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
3UHOLPLQDU\SURFHVV,QLWLDWLRQ±6XEPLVVLRQRI&%$SURSRVDOE\WKHXQLRQDQG
FRXQWHUSURSRVDOE\WKHHPSOR\HU
1HJRWLDWLRQ ± %DUJDLQLQJ 1HJRWLDWLRQV LI WKHUH LV D FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ
GHDGORFNLWLVUHVROYHGE\WKH1&0%
([HFXWLRQ±VLJQLQJDQGDSSURYDO
3XEOLFDWLRQ±3RVWLQJWKH&%$LQFRQVSLFXRXVSODFHLQWKHFRPSDQ\
5DWLILFDWLRQ±E\WKHHPSOR\HHV
r
5HJLVWUDWLRQ±WKHSXUSRVHLVWREDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
Ba
$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ ± MRLQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ E\ WKH SDUWLHV RI WKH &%$ GXULQJ LWV
OLIHWLPHDQG
es
,QWHUSUHWDWLRQDQG(QIRUFHPHQWRIWKH&%$
bl
&ROOHFWLYH%DUJDLQLQJ$JUHHPHQW&%$
o
r
R
D&%$LVWKHODZRIWKHSODQW Ba
an
E7HUPRIWKH&%$±WKHOLIHVSDQRIWKH&%$LVILYH\HDUVDVIDUDVWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
es
DVSHFWLVFRQFHUQHG+RZHYHUWKHZRUNHUVPD\QHJRWLDWHRQRWKHUSURYLVLRQVRIWKH&%$QRODWHU
h
bl
WKDQWKUHH\HDUVDIWHULWVH[HFXWLRQ
C
F5XOHVRIUHWURDFWLYLW\
o
7KHHIIHFWLYLW\RIWKH&%$VKDOOUHWURDFWWRWKHGD\LPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUWKHGDWHRI
R
H[SLUDWLRQRIWKHROG&%$LQFDVHWKHQHZ&%$LVFRQFOXGHGDQGHQWHUHGLQWRZLWKLQVL[
an
PRQWKVIURPWKHVDLGH[SLUDWLRQGDWH
,IWKHQHZ&%$LVHQWHUHGLQWREH\RQGVL[PRQWKVIURPWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKH
h
ROG&%$WKHSDUWLHVDUHJLYHQWKHULJKWWRQHJRWLDWHWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHHIIHFWLYLW\
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
16
1RWH5HWURDFWLYLW\RIWKH&%$KDVQRDSSOLFDWLRQLQDUELWUDODZDUGVE\WKH'2/(
6HFUHWDU\WKH1/5&RU9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU
r
2QH\HDUH[WHQVLRQRIWKH&%$LVYDOLGXSRQDJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV,QIDFW
Ba \HDUV VXVSHQVLRQ RI WKH &%$ QHJRWLDWLRQV LV OHJDOO\ WHQDEOH LQ RUGHU WR SURPRWH
LQGXVWULDOVWDELOLW\DQGSUHGLFWDELOLW\(Rivera v. Espiritu; 374 SCRA 351).
s
,IQRQHZ&%$LVFRQFOXGHGZLWKWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHROG&%$WKHODWWHULV
e
CBA continuity.
o
r
R
Ba
$SSURSULDWHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWGHILQHG
an
s
$QDSSURSULDWHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWLVDFODVVLILFDWLRQRIMREVRUSRVLWLRQZKHUHWZRRUPRUH
e
h
HPSOR\HHVSRVVHVVFRPPRQHPSOR\PHQWLQWHUHVWVDQGFRQGLWLRQVDQGZKLFKPD\EHUHDVRQDEO\
bl
C
FRPELQHG WRJHWKHU IRU SXUSRVHV RI FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ 7KH IROORZLQJ DUH WKH WHVWV RI
o
GHWHUPLQDWLRQ
R
D*OREHHOHFWLRQWHVW±ZKLFKLVWKHH[SUHVVZLOORUGHVLUHRIWKHHPSOR\HH¶VWHVW
an
F 3ULRU FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ KLVWRU\ WHVW ± ,Q GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH SURSHU EDUJDLQLQJ XQLW
C
DQRWKHU WHVW LV WKH SULRU KLVWRU\ SDVW KLVWRU\ RI FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH SURSRVHG
EDUJDLQLQJXQLWDQGWKHHPSOR\HU6LPSO\VWDWHGSDVWKLVWRU\RIFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJSURFHVVLV
UHVRUWHGWRLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLW
G6LPLODULW\RIHPSOR\PHQWVWDWXVWHVW±'HWHUPLQLQJWKHSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLWLVEDVHG
RQ WKH VWDWXV RI HPSOR\PHQW RI WKH ZRUNHUV 7KXV UHJXODU HPSOR\HHV VKRXOG FRQVWLWXWH RQH
EDUJDLQLQJXQLWZKLOHWKRVHHPSOR\HHVZLWKEULHIRUFDVXDOHPSOR\PHQWVWDWXVVKRXOGFRQVWLWXWH
DQRWKHUSURSHUEDUJDLQLQJXQLW
0RGHVRIGHWHUPLQLQJUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVWDWXV
D6(%$FHUWLILFDWLRQ±6ROHH[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQF\FHUWLILFDWLRQ
r
E &RQVHQW HOHFWLRQ ± 8QLRQV DJUHHG EHWZHHQ DQG DPRQJ WKHPVHOYHV WR VHOHFW WKH
EDUJDLQLQJDJHQWWKURXJKDQHOHFWLRQFRQGXFWHGZLWKRUZLWKRXWWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQRIWKH'2/(Ba
F&HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ±DQHOHFWLRQFRQGXFWHGDPRQJWKUHHRUPRUHFKRLFHVWRGHWHUPLQH
es
WKHH[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQW8QGHUWKH³GRXEOHPDMRULW\UXOH´WKHPDMRULW\RIWKHHPSOR\HHVLQ
bl
WKHEDUJDLQLQJXQLWPXVWKDYHYRWHGDQGWKHZLQQHUPXVWKDYHJDUQHUHGWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHYDOLG
YRWHVFDVW
o
r
G5XQRIIHOHFWLRQDXWRPDWLFVHFRQGHOHFWLRQUXOH±DQHOHFWLRQZKLFKSURYLGHVIRUWKUHH
R
RUPRUHFKRLFHVUHVXOWVLQQRFKDQFHUHFHLYLQJDPDMRULW\RIWKHYDOLGYRWHVFDVWWKHHOHFWLRQRIILFHU Ba
an
VKDOO motu propio FRQGXFW D UXQRII HOHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ ODERU XQLRQV UHFHLYLQJ WKH KLJKHVW
es
bl
Series of 2015).
an
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
17
&HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQVROHFRQFHUQUXOHE\VWDQGHUUXOH
r
,WLVWKHVROHFRQFHUQRIWKHHPSOR\HHVDQGWKHHPSOR\HULVUHJDUGHGDVDE\VWDQGHU
Ba
+RZHYHUWKHHPSOR\HUFDQILOHDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQEHFDXVHLWLVUHTXHVWHGWR
EDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\
s
D,Q WKHDEVHQFH RI FROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ DJUHHPHQW DQ HPSOR\HUZKRLVUHTXHVWHGWR
e
EDUJDLQFROOHFWLYHO\PD\ILOHDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQDWDQ\WLPH
bl
E 6HWWOHG LV WKH UXOH WKH HPSOR\HU LV ZLWKRXW “locus standi” WR RSSRVH D SHWLWLRQ IRU
o
r
FHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ,WVKRXOGPDLQWDLQD³KDQGVRII´SROLF\
R
Ba
F -XULVGLFWLRQDO FRQVHQW UHTXLUHPHQW 7KH SHWLWLRQ IRU FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ
an
VKRXOGEHVXSSRUWHGE\WKHZULWWHQFRQVHQWRIDWOHDVWRIDOOWKHHPSOR\HHVLQWKHDSSURSULDWH
s
EDUJDLQLQJXQLW
e
h
,IWKHLVFRPSOLHGZLWKFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQLVPDQGDWRU\+RZHYHULIWKHLV
bl
C
QRW PHW ,W LV VWLOO GLVFUHWLRQDU\ WR FRQGXFW FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ DV LW LV WKH best forum LQ
o
&HUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQFDQQRWEHFRQGXFWHGXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJLQVWDQFHV
&RQWUDFWEDUUXOH
h
2XWVLGHRIWKHIUHHGRPSHULRGUXOH
C
2QH\HDUEDUUXOH
'HDGORFNEDUUXOH
&KDUJHRIFRPSDQ\XQLRQLVPUXOH
1HJRWLDWLRQEDUUXOH
$SSHDOEDUUXOH
1RWOLVWHGLQWKHUHJLVWU\RIXQLRQVUXOH
H([FHSWLRQVWRWKHFRQWUDFWEDUUXOHLQVWDQFHVFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQLVFRQGXFWHG
7KH&%$WKDWLVXQUHJLVWHUHGZLOOQRWEDUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ+RZHYHULIWKH
&%$LVDQarbitral awardLWQHHGQRWEHUHJLVWHUHG
7K&%$LVLQFRPSOHWHRULQDGHTXDWH±VZHHWKHDUWFRQWUDFW
7KH&%$ZDVKDVWLO\ HQWHUHGLQWR IUXVWUDWLQJ WKH ULJKW RI HPSOR\HHVWRILOHD
r
SHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQDWWKHSURSHUWLPH
7KH&%$HQWHUHGLQWRGXULQJWKHSHQGHQF\RIWKHFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ Ba
7KH&%$ZDVUHJLVWHUHGZLWKIDOVLILHGVXSSRUWLQJGRFXPHQWV
es
7KH&%$HQWHUHGLQWREHWZHHQWKHHPSOR\HUDQGZLWKWKHXQLRQWKDWLVQRWWKH
bl
H[FOXVLYHEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWLQWKHFRPSDQ\SUHPLVHV
,Q FDVH RI PDVV ZLWKGUDZDOGLVDIILOLDWLRQ RI WKH PHPEHUV IURP WKH PDMRULW\
o
r
XQLRQ
R
I3UHHOHFWLRQFRQIHUHQFH±LWLVWKHPDFKLQHU\LIGHWHUPLQLQJWKHHOLJLELOLW\OLVWRIYRWHUV Ba
an
WKURXJKLQFOXVLRQH[FOXVLRQSURFHHGLQJEHIRUHILOLQJDSHWLWLRQIRUFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
es
7KXVWKHHPSOR\HUFDQQRWTXHVWLRQWKHTXDOLILFDWLRQRIZRUNHUVLQDFHUWLILFDWLRQHOHFWLRQ
h
bl
DV WKH SURSHU IRUXP LV WKH SUHHOHFWLRQ FRQIHUHQFH RU RWKHUZLVH NQRZQ DV LQFOXVLRQH[FOXVLRQ
C
J(IIHFWRIQRXQLRQZLQQLQJWKHHOHFWLRQ,WVKDOOEHFHUWLILHGWKDWLQGHHGQRFHUWLILFDWLRQ
R
HOHFWLRQVKDOOEHFRQGXFWHGZLWKLQRQH\HDUIURPWKHGDWHRIILQDOHOHFWLRQUHVXOW
an
$QRXQLRQZRQEHFDXVHPDMRULW\RIWKHHPSOR\HHVLQWKHEDUJDLQLQJDUHPHPEHUVRID
h
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
18
IRUP RU MRLQ D ODERU XQLRQ EXW FDQ YRWH LQ D FHUWLILFDWLRQ HOHFWLRQ 7KH\ DUH religious or
conscientious objectors
r
Ba
(VWDEOLVKPHQWRIDJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\
s
,WVSXUSRVHLVWRHVWDEOLVKDPDFKLQHU\IRUWKHH[SHGLWLRXVUHVROXWLRQRIJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJ
e
IURPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH&%$RUFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
bl
8QUHVROYHGJULHYDQFHVVKDOOEHUHIHUUHGWRvoluntary arbitration.
o
r
R
Ba
&RQFOXVLYHDUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLQWKH&%$
an
s
7KHFRQFOXVLYHDUELWUDWLRQFODXVHLVRQHRIWKHPDQGDWRU\SURYLVLRQVLQWKH&%$SURYLGLQJ
e
h
IRUJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DQGYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQSURFHGXUHV
bl
C
+RZHYHU D JULHYDQFH PD\ EH EURXJKW GLUHFWO\ WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ ZLWKRXW SDVVLQJ
o
WKURXJKWKHJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DVLWKDVEHHQSURYHQWREHLQHIIHFWLYHLQWKHSDVWRUWKHSDUWLHV
R
LQDGYHUWHQWO\IDLOHGWRLQFOXGHJULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\LQWKHLU&%$$OVRWKHSDUWLHVPD\YROXQWDULO\
an
DJUHH WR VXEPLW WKHLU JULHYDQFH GLUHFWO\ WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ SURFHGXUH (CENPELCO v.
Macaraeg, 22 January 2003).
h
2ULJLQDODQGH[FOXVLYHMXULVGLFWLRQRI9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRUV
C
D7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHDOOJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI
WKH&%$DQGFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
E7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHZDJHGLVWRUWLRQLVVXHVLQXQLRQL]HGHVWDEOLVKPHQW
F7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURPWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH
3URGXFWLYLW\,QFHQWLYH3URJUDPXQGHU5$
-XULVGLFWLRQRI9$E\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV
D 7R KHDU DQG GHFLGH DOO RWKHU GLVSXWHV LQFOXGLQJ 8/3V DQG EDUJDLQLQJ GHDGORFNV E\
DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV
r
E7RKHDUDQGGHFLGHWHUPLQDWLRQFDVHVE\DJUHHPHQWRIWKHSDUWLHV
Ba
-XULVGLFWLRQRI9$RQFROODWHUDOLVVXHVLQWKH6XEPLVVLRQ$JUHHPHQW
es
bl
D 7R KHDU DQG GHFLGH RQ DOO PDWWHUV FROODWHUDO WR WKH PDLQ FDVH VXEMHFW RI 6XEPLVVLRQ
$JUHHPHQW VXFK DV DZDUG RI UHLQVWDWHPHQW DQG EDFNZDJHV LQ LOOHJDO GLVPLVVDO FDVH (Ludo and
o
r
Luym Corp. v. Saordino, 20 January 2003). ,WLQFOXGHVDOOPDWWHUVFRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/DERU$UELWHU
R
EXW UHIHUUHG WR YROXQWDU\ DUELWUDWLRQ E\ DJUHHPHQW RI WKH SDUWLHV VXFK DV PRQH\ FODLPV DQG Ba
an
bl
-XULVGLFWLRQRI9$RYHUYLRODWLRQVRIWKH&%$
C
o
7KH 9$ KDV MXULVGLFWLRQ RYHU YLRODWLRQ RI D &%$ RU DQ RUGLQDU\ JULHYDQFH XQGHU WKH
R
JULHYDQFHPDFKLQHU\DQGYROXQWDU\DUELWUDWLRQSURFHHGLQJVLQWKH&%$+RZHYHULIWKHYLRODWLRQ
an
RIWKH&%$LVJURVVLQFKDUDFWHULWLVD8/3FRJQL]DEOHE\WKH/?DERU$UELWHU
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
19
'2/(6HFUHWDU\¶V$GPLQLVWUDWLYH,QWHUYHQWLRQRQ'LVSXWH$YRLGDQFH$,'$3RZHU
r
(LWKHURUERWKWKHHPSOR\HUDQGWKHFHUWLILHGEDUJDLQLQJDJHQWPD\YROXQWDULO\EULQJWRWKH
Ba
2IILFHRIWKH'2/(6HFUHWDU\WKURXJKDRequest for Intervention DQ\SRWHQWLDORURQJRLQJGLVSXWH
VWULNHRUORFNRXWQRWVXEMHFWRIDQ\FRPSODLQWRUQRWLFHRIVWULNHRUORFNRXWDWWKHWLPHRIWKH
s
5HTXHVWIRU,QWHUYHQWLRQLVPDGH(No. 1 DOLE Circular No. 1, sHULHVRI
e
bl
'2/( 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUV DQG $VVLVWDQW 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUV GHVLJQDWHG DV ([ 2IILFLR
o
r
9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRUV(9$V(EVA Power)
R
Ba
an
$OO5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVDQG$VVLVWDQW5HJLRQDO'LUHFWRUVRIWKH'2/(DUHGHVLJQDWHGDVEx
s
Officio Voluntary Arbitrators WKDWKDYHMXULVGLFWLRQWRKHDUDQGGHFLGHDOOJULHYDQFHVDULVLQJIURP
e
h
WKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH&%$DQGFRPSDQ\SHUVRQQHOSROLFLHV
bl
C
o
7KH 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU DQG (PSOR\PHQW PD\ OLNHZLVH UHIHU WR (9$V 9ROXQWDU\
R
$UELWUDWLRQ FDVHV IURP '2/( 6HFUHWDU\¶V ,QWHUYHQWLRQ XQGHU WKH '2/(¶V $GPLQLVWUDWLYH
an
9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU¶VGHFLVLRQDSSHDODEOHWR&$XQGHU5XOHRIWKH5XOHVRI&RXUW
C
7KHGHFLVLRQRIWKH9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRULVDSSHDODEOHWRWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVXQGHU5XOH
5XOHVRI&RXUWZLWKLQGD\VIURPUHFHLSWRIWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKH9ROXQWDU\$UELWUDWRU(Phil.
Electric Corp. v. C.A., G.R. No. 168612, 10 December 2014; Baronda v. C.A., G.R. No. 161006,
14 October 2015).
6WULNHDQG/RFNRXW
$ strikeLVDWHPSRUDU\VWRSSDJHRIZRUNDULVLQJRXWRIDODERURULQGXVWULDOGLVSXWH,QWKH
ZRUGVRIWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWLWLVWKHPRVWGDQJHURXVDQGWKHPRVWOHWKDOZHDSRQLQWKHDUVHQDORI
WKHXQLRQ2QWKHRWKHUKDQGlockoutWDNHVSODFHZKHQDQHPSOR\HUWHPSRUDULO\UHIXVHVWRIXUQLVK
r
ZRUNDVDUHVXOWRIDODERURULQGXVWULDOGLVSXWH
Ba
.LQGVRI6WULNH
es
bl
D$XWKRUL]HG±ZLWKWKHDSSURYDORIWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHWRWDOXQLRQPHPEHUVKLS
E8QDXWKRUL]HGZLOGFDW±ZLWKRXWWKHDSSURYDORIWKHXQLRQPHPEHUVKLS
o
r
F *HQHUDO ± LW LV D V\PSDWKHWLF SROLWLFDO W\SH RI VWULNH WKDW FRYHUV D ZLGHU UHJLRQ RU
R
WHUULWRU\RID6WDWH([DPSOH:HOJDQJ%D\DQ Ba
an
G3DUWLFXODU±LWLVOLPLWHGLQVFRSHDVLWLVVWDJHGLQDSDUWLFXODUSODQWRUDVLQJOHRFFXSDWLRQ
es
RUWUDGH
h
bl
H6ORZGRZQ±WKHZRUNHUVWU\WRUHGXFHSURGXFWLRQWRFRPSHOWKHHPSOR\HUWRJUDQWWKHLU
C
ZLVKHV
o
I6LWGRZQ±WKHZRUNHUVUHPDLQLQWKHSODQWEXWUHIXVHWRZRUNDQGWKHLUPDFKLQHVRUWRROV
R
UHPDLQLGOH
an
J4XLFNLH±LWLVUHODWHGWRVORZGRZQZKLFKLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\EULHIZRUNVWRSSDJHIRUD
SHULRGRIIHZPLQXWHVRUKRXUV
h
K6\PSDWKHWLF±VWDJHGLQWKHDEVHQFHRIHPSOR\HUHPSOR\HHUHODWLRQVKLS
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
20
L3ROLWLFDO±LWUHVHPEOHVWKDWRIJHQHUDOVWULNHVWDJHGLQUHGUHVVRIJULHYDQFHVDJDLQVWWKH
JRYHUQPHQW7KLVLVDOVRNQRZQDVFDXVHRULHQWHGVWULNH
r
M8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFH±VWDJHGLQYLRODWLRQRIULJKWWRVHOIRUJDQL]DWLRQ
Ba N(FRQRPLF±VWDJHGDVDUHVXOWRIEDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFN
O8QLRQUHFRJQLWLRQVWULNH±VWDJHGWRFRPSHOWKHHPSOR\HUWRUHFRJQL]HWKHXQLRQDVWKH
s
EDUJDLQLQJDJHQW
e
WKHEHOLHIWKDWWKHHPSOR\HUZDVFRPPLWWLQJDQXQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHZKLFKZDVODWHUIRXQGWREH
o
r
XQWUXH$FFRUGLQJWRWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWLWLVLOOHJDOEHFDXVHgood faith LVQRWDGHIHQVHLQDVWULNH
R
Ba
(Grand Boulevard Hotel v. Dacanay, G.R. No. 153655, 18 July 2003).
an
Q/HJDO±VWDJHGLQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVWDJLQJDODZIXOVWULNH
s
R,OOHJDO±UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVWDJLQJDODZIXOVWULNHDUHQRWFRPSOLHGZLWK
e
h
bl
C
5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUDYDOLGVWULNH
o
R
D,WPXVWEHEDVHGRQYDOLGJURXQGV
an
XQIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHDQG
G)LOLQJRIWKHQRWLFHRIVWULNHWRWKH1&0%EDUJDLQLQJGHDGORFN±GD\VXQIDLU
ODERUSUDFWLFH±GD\VFRROLQJRIISHULRG
,Q FDVH RI GLVPLVVDO RI XQLRQ RIILFHUV ZKLFK PD\ FRQVWLWXWH union busting ZKHUH WKH
H[LVWHQFHRIWKHXQLRQLVWKUHDWHQHGWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRGQHHGQRWEHREVHUYHG(Capitol Medical
Center, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 147080, 26 April 2005). ,QFDVHRIXQLRQEXVWLQJWKHFRROLQJRII
SHULRG FDQ EH GLVSHQVHG ZLWK EXW WKH VWULNH YRWH UHSRUW UHTXLUHPHQW GD\ VWULNH EDQ EHLQJ
PDQGDWRU\LQFKDUDFWHUVKDOO³LQHYHU\FDVH´EHFRPSOLHGZLWK(Sukhotai Cuisine v. C.A., G.R. No.
150437, 17 July 2006).
H&RPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHKRXUSULRUQRWLFHUXOH7KHIDLOXUHRIWKHXQLRQWRFRPSO\ZLWK
WKLVUHTXLUHPHQWZLOOUHQGHUWKHVXEVHTXHQWVWULNHVWDJHGE\WKHXQLRQLOOHJDO(Ibid).
r
I,IWKHUHVXOWRIWKHVWULNHYRWHEDOORWLVILOHGZLWKLQWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRGWKHGD\
Ba
ZDLWLQJSHULRGVKDOOEHFRXQWHGIURPWKHGD\IROORZLQJWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHFRROLQJRIISHULRG
es
,OOXVWUDWLRQ
bl
(FRQRPLFVWULNH±GD\FRROLQJRIISHULRGSOXVGD\VWULNHEDQHTXDOV
GD\VEXWDVWULNHLVVWDJHGRQO\RQWKHWKGD\
o
r
8QIDLUODERUSUDFWLFHVWULNH±GD\FRROLQJRIISHULRGSOXVGD\VWULNHEDQ
R
HTXDOVGD\VEXWDVWULNHLVVWDJHGRQO\RQWKHUGGD\ Ba
an
J ,Q VWULNHVORFNRXWV LQ KRVSLWDOV LW LV WKH GXW\ RI WKH VWULNLQJ XQLRQ RU ORFNLQJRXW
es
HPSOR\HU WR SURYLGH DQ HIIHFWLYH VNHOHWDO ZRUNIRUFH RI PHGLFDO DQG KHDOWK SHUVRQQHO WR LQVXUH
h
bl
o
'RFWULQHRIPHDQVDQGSXUSRVHV
R
7KHVWULNHWREHYDOLGLWVSXUSRVHDQGREMHFWLYHPXVWEHODZIXO+RZHYHUWKHVWULNHPD\
an
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
21
$VVXPSWLRQSRZHURIWKH3UHVLGHQW6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUXQGHU$UWLFOHJRIWKH/DERU
&RGH
r
Ba 8QGHU $UWLFOH J RI WKH /DERU &RGH WKH 3UHVLGHQW6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU LV JUDQWHG DQ
H[WUDRUGLQDU\SUHHPSWLYHSRZHUWRDVVXPHMXULVGLFWLRQRYHUYLWDOLQGXVWU\GLVSXWHV%\QDWXUH
s
VXFKDVVXPSWLRQSRZHULVSOHQDU\IXOOFRPSOHWHDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHGLVFUHWLRQDU\6XFKSRZHU
e
LVOLPLWHGRQO\WRQDWLRQDOLQWHUHVWFDVHV
bl
o
r
/HJDOHIIHFWVRIDQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHU
R
Ba
an
D,WKDVWKHHIIHFWRIDZULWRILQMXQFWLRQ
s
E7KHVWULNLQJZRUNHUVVKDOOUHWXUQWRZRUNRWKHUZLVHWKH\FRXOGEHYDOLGO\GLVPLVVHG
e
h
EHFDXVHWKH\DUHDOUHDG\HQJDJHGLQDSURKLELWHGDFWLYLW\
bl
C
F5HWXUQWRZRUNRUGHULVQRWQHFHVVDU\LQDQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHU7KHPHUHLVVXDQFHRI
o
DQ$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHUDXWRPDWLFDOO\FDUULHVZLWKLWDUHWXUQWRZRUNRUGHU
R
FLUFXPVWDQFHVWKH\FRXOGEHUHLQVWDWHGLQWKHSD\UROO
H:LWKWKH$VVXPSWLRQ2UGHULVVXHGWKH6HFUHWDU\RI/DERUFDQWDNHFRJQL]DQFHRIFDVHV
h
XQGHUWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKHODERU$UELWHUDQG
C
I &DVHV SHQGLQJ ZLWK WKH /DERU $UELWHU FDQ EH WDNHQ RYHU E\ WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI /DERU
SURYLGHGWKH\DUHWKHLVVXHVXQGHUDVVXPSWLRQ
6WULNHDQGSLFNHWLQJGLVWLQJXLVKHG
7KH VWULNH WR EH HIIHFWLYH WKHUH PXVW EH DQ HIIHFWLYH SLFNHWLQJ 7KHUH FDQ EH QR VWULNH
ZLWKRXWSLFNHWLQJKRZHYHUWKHUHFDQEHSLFNHWLQJZLWKRXWVWULNHEHFDXVHSLFNHWLQJLVDSDUWRI
IUHHGRPRIH[SUHVVLRQJXDUDQWHHGXQGHUWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ(Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 US 88).
Picketing LV WKH PDUFKLQJ WR DQG IUR RI WKH VWULNHUV DW WKH FRPSDQ\ SUHPLVHV XVXDOO\
DFFRPSDQLHGE\WKHGLVSOD\RISODFDUGVDQGRWKHUVLJQVPDNLQJNQRZQWRWKHSXEOLFWKHIDFWVLQD
ODERUGLVSXWH(IBM v. NLRC; G.R. No. 91980, 27 June 1991).
r
*RYHUQPHQWHPSOR\HHVSURKLELWHGWRVWULNH Ba
es
$VWULNHRIJRYHUQPHQWHPSOR\HHVLVDIRUPRIDQLQVXUUHFWLRQDJDLQVWSXEOLFDXWKRULW\LQ
bl
WKH OLJKW RI WKH SULQFLSOH RI 6WDWH VRYHUHLJQW\ 7R DOORZ JRYHUQPHQW HPSOR\HHV WR VWULNH ZLOO
WUHPHQGRXVO\ DIIHFW WKH GHOLYHU\ RI YLWDO DQG EDVLF VHUYLFHV WR WKH SXEOLF 6LQFH JRYHUQPHQW
o
r
HPSOR\HHV DUH FLYLO VHUYDQWV WKH DFW RI VWULNLQJ LV D FLYLO VHUYLFH RIIHQVH YLRODWLYH RI WKH FLYLO
R
FKDUWHUV NQRZQ DV FRUSRUDWH RIIVSULQJV RU VXEVLGLDULHV DUH DOORZHG WR XQLRQL]H EDUJDLQ
h
bl
FROOHFWLYHO\DQGVWDJHDVWULNH7HUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQVRIHPSOR\PHQWLQJRYHUQPHQWVXEVLGLDULHV
C
122).
R
an
/LDELOLW\RIXQLRQRIILFHUVDQGPHPEHUVLQLOOHJDOVWULNH
h
:LWKWKHGHFODUDWLRQRILOOHJDOLW\RIVWULNHWKHXQLRQRIILFHUVDUHOLDEOHIRUGLVPLVVDOIRU
C
NQRZLQJO\SDUWLFLSDWHGLQDQLOOHJDOVWULNHRUFRPPLWWHGLOOHJDODFWVGXULQJWKHVWULNH+RZHYHUD
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
22
ZRUNHUPHUHO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQDQLOOHJDOVWULNHPD\QRWEHWHUPLQDWHGIURPHPSOR\PHQWXQOHVV
KHSDUWLFLSDWHGDFWLYHO\LQWKHFRPPLVVLRQRILOOHJDODFWV(VCMC v. Yballe*5No. 196156, 15
r
January 2014).
Ba ,QDQLOOHJDOVWULNHXQLRQRIILFHUVDUHOLDEOHIRUGLVPLVVDOXQGHUWKHGRFWULQHRIYLFDULRXV
OLDELOLW\
s
e
6WULNHUVQRWHQWLWOHGWRHFRQRPLFEHQHILWVH[FHSWLRQV
bl
o
r
,QDQHFRQRPLFVWULNHWKHVWULNHUVDUHQRWHQWLWOHGWREDFNZDJHVXQGHUWKHSULQFLSOHRI³QR
R
Ba
ZRUNQRSD\´+RZHYHUXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJWKH\FRXOGEHJUDQWHGVXFKEHQHILWV
an
D6WULNHUVZHUHGLVFULPLQDWRULO\GLVPLVVHG
s
E6WULNHUVZHUHLOOHJDOO\ORFNHGRXWE\WKHHPSOR\HUDQG
e
h
F6WULNHUVXQFRQGLWLRQDOO\RIIHUHGWRUHWXUQWRZRUNEXWUHMHFWHGE\WKHHPSOR\HU (PBTC
bl
C
R
an
h
C
r
Ba
es
bl
o
r
R
Ba
an
es
h
bl
C
o
R
an
h
C
www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph