INTRODUCTION :

Shear walls are specially designed structural walls included in the buildings to resist horizontal forces
that are induced in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake and other forces. They are mainly
flexural members and usually provided in high-rise buildings to avoid the total collapse of the high-rise
buildings under seismic forces. Shear wall has high in-plane stiffness and strength which can be used
to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads. However, when the buildings
are tall, say more than twelve story or so, beam and column sizes workout large and reinforcement at
the beam and column junction works out quite heavy, so that, there is a lot of congestion at these joints
and it is difficult to place and vibrate concrete at these places, which does not contribute to the safety
of buildings. These practical difficulties call for introduction of shear walls in high-rise buildings. Deep
straight walls or angular, U shaped, C shape, Z shape and box shaped shear walls were used based on
functional and architectural requirement of the high-rise building.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Syed et.al. (2012) presented the results of time history analysis which addressed the effect of
openings in shear walls near- fault ground motions. A model of ten storey building with three
different types of lateral load resisting system: Complete shear walls, shear walls with square
opening in the centre and shear wall with opening at right end side were considered. From the
results it was observed that shear walls with openings experienced a decrease in terms of
strength. The maximum lateral displacement of complete shear wall is 17% less than that of
shear walls with openings at centre whose displacement is found to be 8% less than that of
shear walls with openings at right end.

Satpute and Kulkarni (2013) studied seismic responses of the ten storey RC shear wall
building with and without opening. Developed mathematical modelling and analyzed the
reinforced concrete shear wall building by using different nonlinear methods (time history and
pushover method). These methods differ in respect to accuracy, simplicity, transparency and
clarity of theoretical background. Non-linear static procedures were developed with the aim of
overcoming the insufficiency and limitations of linear methods, whilst at the same time
maintaining a relatively simple application. All procedures incorporate performance-based
concepts paying more attention to damage control. Analysis is carried out by using standard
package SAP2000. The comparison of these models for different parameters like displacement,
storey drift and base shear has been presented by RC shear wall building with and without
opening.
Shahzad and Umesh (2013) considered 25 storeys building in zone V and presented with
some investigation which is analyzed by changing various location of shear wall for
determining parameters like storey drift, storey shear and displacement is done by using
standard package ETABS. Creation of 3D building model for both linear static and linear
dynamic method of analysis and influence of concrete core wall provided at the centre of the
building. From the study it was found that the presence of shear wall can affect the seismic
behaviour of frame structure to large extent, and the shear wall increases the strength and
stiffness of the structure. It has been found that the model with shear wall placed at centre and
four shear wall placed at outer edge parallel to longitudinal and transverse directions shows
better location of shear wall since lateral displacement and inter-storey drift are less as
compared to other models.

Varsha (2014) considered a six storey RCC building which is subjected to Earthquake loading
in zone II to determine the strength of RC wall by changing the location of shear wall using
STAAD.Pro. Seismic coefficient method is used to calculate the earthquake load as per IS 1893
– 2002 (Part I). Four different models like structure without shear wall, structure with L type
shear wall, structure with shear wall along periphery, structure with cross type shear wall were
modelled for analysis. Compared to other models the shear force and bending moment, for
structure with shear wall along the periphery is found to be maximum at the ground level and
roof level respectively. Hence the shear wall provided along the periphery of the structure is
found to be more efficient than all other types of shear wall.

Bhruguli (2015) examined for the behaviour of shear wall with opening under seismic load
action. In this research, it is stated that shear walls are generally located at the sides of buildings
or arranged in the form of core that houses stairs and lifts. Due to functional requirements such
as doors, windows, and other openings, a shear wall in a building contains many openings. In
most of the apartment building, size and location of openings in shear wall are made without
considering its effect on structural behaviour of the building. In this research, study is carried
out on 6- story frame-shear wall buildings, using linear elastic analysis with the help of finite
element software, StaddPro under earthquake loads in equivalent static analysis. Six different
types of models were created and analysed, starting from first, Concentric opening 20%,
concentric opening 40%, concentric opening 50%, concentric opening 60%, Eccentric opening
20%, Zigzag opening 20%. The results reveal that stiffness as well as seismic responses of
structures is affected by the size of the openings as well as their locations in shear wall. It is
also explored that top lateral drift of the system can also be reduced thickening the element in
the model around the opening of shear wall. From the research percent of opening increases
deflection increases up to 40% in proportion but after that as percentage of opening increases
deflection increases more rapidly. For 20% opening Eccentric zigzag has lesser deflection and
Eccentric Straight has maximum deflection and concentric loading has less deflection than
Eccentric Straight. Also opening increases bottom stresses also increases proportionally up to
40% then after Stresses increases vastly.

Rokanuzzaman et.al. (2017) analysed the effect of shear wall location in multi-storied
building. A residential building of G+15(16 Story) structure having base dimension of plan
49.25ft X 49.25ft with typical floor height of 10ft is considered. In this paper, 8, 10, 12, 14 and
16 storied buildings were modelled using software and three different models were studied
with different location of shear wall in building frame for critical parameters like displacement
and base shear under lateral loading. The analysis has been carried out using the software
ETABS 9.6.0 and for analysis equivalent static method is used here. Three types of models
(one without any shear wall, one with shear wall placed at middle of 4 periphery sides, one
with shear wall placed at 4 corners in L shape) have been analyzed. It is found from this study
that Model 2 (one with shear wall placed at middle of 4 periphery sides) shows best
performance as far as top displacement and base shear are concerned.

Patel and Bhagat (2018)designed multi storey building with different shapes of flanged shear
wall I, T, U, Z for 20 storeys building for the similar total volume of concrete for the analysis.
Earthquake zone III (Ahmedabad) & zone V (Bhuj) with soil condition I (Hard soil) & soil III
(loose soil) are consider to compare the results in terms of time period, storey drift, storey
shear, storey displacement. The analysis is done by using Response spectrum method. For
dynamic earthquake (IS 1893:2002) and (IS 13920-1993) are used respectively in ETABS V16
software. From the study it has been found that the shape of shear wall has a significant
influences on the time period. The values of time period is more with T and Z shaped shear
wall than I and U shaped shear wall .The displacement values of I shear wall is more effective
in longitudinal direction while in transverse direction U shear wall is more effective. Values of
drift are reduced with I and U shaped shear wall. It can also be observed that the values of
displacement are increases as the height of the building increases.

Tulay et.al. (2019) considered two RC buildings with shear walls which had damages because
of Van 2011 earthquake were considered and tried to determine the existing damages via
nonlinear time history analysis using Van 2011 earthquake acceleration data. Time history
analyses were conducted with SAP 2000. Material qualities were increased and shear walls
were designed according to Turkish Seismic Code 2007 requirements for both buildings.
Nonlinear time history analyses were conducted for the upgraded buildings and damage
distributions were determined. Thus, damage distributions of existing and upgraded buildings
were compared and an evaluation was drawn for damage distribution even if only proper
concrete and reinforced material and shear walls were used in design of the buildings except
beams and columns. According to results of the study, using proper materials and shear walls
can prevent heavy damages even seismic response of beams and columns elements is poor.

GAP AREA AND OBJECTIVE :

From the study of various work of previous paper related to shear wall it has found that they
have studied the effect of shear wall on seismic performance of R.C building, seismic
behaviour of multi-story building with varying location of shear wall and effect of flanged
shape (I,L,T,Z etc.)shear wall on high rise building . From the study it has found that previous
studies have not considered the varying location and flanged shape in one project. So, in my
present study I am analysing the seismic effect on shape and location of shear wall on multi-
story building.

CONCLUSION :

From the above study it can be concluded that, different researchers had studied different type
of problems related to earthquake and addressed that shear wall are more prominent to resist
lateral force due to earthquakes. Analysis by software’s such as StaddPro, Etabs etc. are also
combined along with analytical studies. Models are generated and shear walls are located at
different positions in building to find the least displacement of the structure due to shear walls.
Openings in shear wall are also an issue of concern of study of shear wall buildings. Generally
openings provided in shear walls increase displacement in building. Moreover some
researchers stated that change in positions of shear wall effect the attraction of forces. Location
of shear wall in any building substantially reduces displacements and reduces impact on the
structure. Thus building without shear wall is a subject of concern and need to be retrofitted in
places of high earthquake and wind impact.

Future scope of studying this type of research work is an essential part of this review paper.
Study of effect of shear wall building by placement of different shapes shear walls at different
locations is an essential aspect to be thought of for further study.

REFERENCES:
[1] Tulay Aksu Ozkula, Ahmet Kurtbeyoglub, Muzaffer Borekcic, Basak Zengind, Ali Kocakc

[2] Shahzad Jamil Sardar and Umesh. N. Karadi , “effect of change in shear wall location on
storey drift of multi-storey building subjected to lateral loads,”IJIRSET ,vol. 2,September 2013
, ISSN: 2319-8753.

[3] Satpute S G and D B Kulkarni, "Comparative Study of Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall
Analysis in Multistoreyed Building with Openings by Nonlinear Methods," International
Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 183-193, August 2013.

[1] Seyed M. Khatami, Alireza Mortezaei, Rui C. Barros, Comparing Effects of Openings in
Concrete Shear Walls under Near-Fault Ground Motions, The 15thWorld Conference on
Earthquake Engineering (2012)

[7] Bhruguli H. Gandhi, “Effect of opening on behaviour of shear wall”. IJTRE, Volume 3,
Issue 4, December-2015, ISSN: 2347 – 4718.

[8] Varsha R. Harne, Comparative Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location
on Multistoried Residential Building, International Journal of Civil Engineering
Research.ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 4 (2014), pp. 391400.

[9]Rajesh G. Patel, Bhavin S. Bhagat “Parametrical study of different shapes of shear wall in
high rise symmetrical building” IRJET Volume: 05 Issue: 04 , e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN:
2395-0072 , Apr 2018