The diagram shows the manufacture of

five different types of tea. All the teas

are produced from the same leaf, the
differences in the manufacturing
process result in five different types of
tea.
The first three stages of manufacture
are the same for all of the five teas. The
leaves are grown, they are then
plucked, and withering it. The final
stage is also the same, which sees all
the leaves dried in an oven. However,
in the stages in between this, differing
methods of production are employed.
To begin, white tea is unique as it
involves no other processing. In
contrast, green, oolong and large leaf
black tea are all rolled as part of the
process. However, while green tea is
steamed before being rolled but is not
fermented, the other two teas are first
rolled and then both fermented
(oolong only slightly but large leaf black
completely). Finally, small leaf black tea
is neither steamed nor rolled, but is
crushed before being fully fermented.
The figure below illustrates the different steps used in the
manufacture of chocolate. There are ten stages in the process,
beginning with the growing of the pods on the cacao trees and
ending with inner part pressed into liquid.
To begin, the cocoa comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in the
South American and African continents and the country of Indonesia.
Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested, and the white
cocoa beans are removed.
Following a period of fermentation, they are then laid out on a large
tray so they can dry under the sun. Next, they are placed into large
sacks and delivered to the factory. They are then roasted at a
temperature of 350 degrees, after which the beans are crushed and
separated from their outer shell. In the final stage, this inner part
that is left is pressed and the chocolate is produced.
The diagram below illustrates the procedure of how to recycle worn-out glass bottles. There are
many stages which beginning with the collection of wasted bottles and ending with the delivery
of newly created bottles.

First, wasted glass bottles are put into a collection point and then these bottles will be
transferred to a facility where they are placed into high-pressure water tanks to wash out dirt.
Next, the bottles will be arranged and categorized into three colours (brown, green and clear).

In the next stage, the bottles are delivered to a glass factory and they will be smashed into small
pieces. Then, putting them into a burning furnace with temperatures ranging from 600c up to
800C and then liquid is produced. Afterwards, the recycled liquid glass and new liquid glass will
be combined and shaped in a glass mould. Finally, newly formed glasses are filled with products
and delivered to different supermarkets.
The figure below illustrates the different life
stages of a salmon. There are many stages
which beginning with laying fertilized eggs by
mature salmons in the river and ending with
producing its fingerlings in the same river.

First, mature salmons will produce fertilized

eggs in the river and then the incubation
period starts, which nurtures and helps the
eggs to hatch. Next, the fertilized eggs will
hatch into a freshwater hearing and then
these hearings will proceed to an estuary.

Next stage, estuary hearings will then journey

to a rearing area where they will join other
hearings to develop into medium sized
salmons. Afterwards, they will travel together
towards the ocean to become fully grown
salmons. Finally, the salmons will then
proceed to the same river to produce
fertilized eggs for the survival of its species.
The figure below illustrates
the production of coffee.
There are 11 stages which
beginning with picking up
the coffee beans and ending
with packaging and delivery
for public consumption.
First, the mature coffee
beans are picked up in the
coffee field. After that, the
collected beans are dried
under the sun and then
roasted in a roasting oven.
Next, the roasted beans are
placed in a cooling area to
lower the temperature
rapidly. Afterwards, the
coffee beans are ground and
then later mixed with
boiling water.
Next, the mixture of water
and ground coffee beans is
strained and placed in a
freezer to chill. Next, the
frozen liquid is grinded and
dried in a vacuum to remove
its water content. Finally,
the dried ground coffee
beans are being packed in a
jar and delivered to
different stores.
The diagram shows a gas-cooled nuclear reactor
consists of the reactor itself and a heat
exchanger. The reactor contains uranium fuel
elements which are surrounded by graphite
moderators and topped by charge tubes for
loading fuel elements, and boron control rods.
The whole reactor is contained in a pressure
vessel surrounded by a concrete shield.

From the reactor the hot gas flows through a

duct into the heat exchanger which is outside
the concrete radiation shielding. In the heat
exchanger, steam is generated in a secondary
loop. There a pipe brings in water which is
heated to steam, and this then flows out to the
turbo-alternator. Meanwhile the hot gas sinks to
the bottom of the heat exchanger and passes
through a gas blower which pushes it into a cool
gas duct and back to the reactor.

As can be seen, this is a continuous cycle that

keeps the reactor from overheating, while
carrying away the heat and steam, which will
power the turbines.
The two diagrams show how electricity can
be generated from the rise and fall of water
caused by sea waves.
The first diagram indicates that when a wave
approaches the device, water is forced into
the chamber, applying pressure on the air
within the column. This air escapes to
atmosphere through the turbine, thereby
producing electricity.
The second diagram illustrates the next part
of the process when wave retreats. As the
water level falls, the air from outside the
column is sucked back in through the turbine.
As a result, electricity continues to be
generated. The turbine rotates only in one
direction, regardless of the direction of the air
flow.
In conclusion, we can see that this structure is
useful as electricity is generated in both
phases: entering and retreating of water.
The diagram below illustrates environmental issues created by a consumer product during its lifecycle. There
are seven steps which beginning with planning and design and ending with recycling.
To begin, the product manufacturing begins with the planning and design. Once it is complete, the next step is
consumption of materials and energy resources, takes place which is followed by manufacturing of the
product. These two steps consume natural resource and emit waste and CO2 which is detrimental to the
environment.
Afterwards, the products are packed and distributed to retail outlets. The products are unquestionably used
by customers who either dispose the product or recycle it. Disposal of products seriously harms the
environment. However, recycling of the product reduces negative impacts on the ecosystem. Moreover,
customers provide feedback in order to improve the product planning.
The diagram below illustrates the process of consumer
goods production in an orderly manner and includes
various stages of production and sales together with the
feedback supplied towards the earlier stages which allows
improvements and modifications throughout the process.

The product manufacturing process is initiated with the

purchase of raw materials and manufactured components
which are kept in storage until the production process is
planned. Production planning stage involves product
research and design. The process is carried through the
assembly, inspection, testing and packaging of the final
product which is then dispatched for sales to the
consumers.

Production planning provides feedback for storage.

Likewise, sales provide feedback for production planning
and market research, which in turn provides feedback for
advertising and packaging. Similarly, both market research
and testing provide feedback for design.

In summary, this diagram below illustrates the production

process and the feedback provided at various stages of
goods manufacturing.
There are two diagrams shows the production of cement and concrete. It is apparent from the beginning
of the second picture that cement is used in the production of concrete, and so these images are linked as
part of one longer process to make concrete from different materials.

In the diagram showing cement production, limestone and clay are tipped into a crusher until they
become powder. This powder is fed into a mixer and then later into a rotating heater. The resulting
material is ground into cement and bagged in large sacks.

These bags of cement are poured into a concrete mixer with water, gravel, and sand. This mixture must be
carefully measured according to the percentages on the diagram. The concrete mixer will combine the
ingredients by rotating in order to produce concrete.
The diagrams show the production of coffee using the dry method. This is a man-made linear process and there are
12 main stages which beginning with the sorting of beans and ending with packed and sold in many markets.

To begin, the beans are selected by hand and then cleaned using a sieve. After that the coffee beans are dried in the
sun for 4 weeks and then they are turned and raked by the farmer before stored in a silo. Afterwards, the beans are
sent to the mill.

To continue the process hulling needs to be done by a worker, followed by grading using a filtering tool. The next
step is bagging the coffee that can be sold as it is in the 10th stage. A special machine is used for roasting the coffee
that is packed and sold in markets.
The figure below illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather. There
are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information about the weather and ending with
broadcast to the public.

First and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it.
Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo. The same data
can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming information
may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive
data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public
on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement.