Nama : Ni Luh Putu Ananda Windyari Putri

Kelas : X MIPA 1

No : 17

Biografi Ki Hajar Dewantara

Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat was born in Yogyakarta on May 2 nd 1889. He
came from Pakualaman family, the son of GPH Soerjaningrat, grandson of
Pakualam III and grew up in a family of Yogyakarta Kingdom.

Then, in 1922 when he was 40 years old (according to the count of Caka Year),
Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara.

Since that time, he was no longer using a knighthood in front of his name. Based
on the Indonesian spelling in since 1972, its name is misspelled as Ki Hajar
Dewantara.

Ki Hajar Dewantara ever studied at Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) at the Dutch
colonial era it is an elementary school in Indonesia.

After graduating from ELS, then he went to STOVIA (Bumiputera Medical

School) is a school for the education of indigenous doctors in Batavia in the Dutch
colonial era. This time it became the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia.
Although he did not could not complete his education because of illness.

Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a writer and journalist in various newspapers, such

as: Tjahaja Timoer, Midden Java, De Expres, Sediotomo, Kaoem Moeda, Poesara,
and Oetoesan Indies. His writing is very communicative and brave with anti-
colonial spirit.

Besides work as a writer, he is also active in social and political organizations.

Since 1908, the beginning of the Boedi Utomo (BO), he was active in the
propaganda section to socialize and Indonesian public awareness about the
importance of a sense of unity in the nation.

Not only that, it turns Ki Hajar Dewantara also known as a prominent pioneer of
education for the natives of Indonesia from the Dutch colonial era.
In fact, he managed to establish a school of the National University Student Park
(National Institute of Taman Siswa Onderwijs) on July 3rd 1922.

At first the Dutch colonial government attempted to deter his plan. Dutch
government issued a Wild School Ordinance on October 1st 1932. However,
because of his persistence and struggle, the ordinance was finally lifted.

The college emphasizes a sense of nationality to indigenous education so that they

love the nation and homeland and fight for independence.

Ki Hajar Dewantara’s been appointed as Minister of Teaching Indonesia referred

to as the Minister of Education, Teaching and Culture in the cabinet of the first
Republic of Indonesia.

For his service pioneered education in Indonesia, in 1957 he received an honorary

doctorate (doctor honoris causa, Dr.H.C.) of the University of Gadjah Mada
(UGM).

Finally, he was declared as Father of National Education of Indonesia, as well as

his birth day serves as National Education Day.

Ki Hajar Dewantara died on 26th April 1959 in Yogyakarta. He was buried at the
Taman Wijaya Brata, tombs for Taman Siswa’s family. His face was also
immortalized on the Indonesian currency denomination of old twenty thousand
rupiahs.
Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat dilahirkan di Yogyakarta pada tanggal 2 Mei
tahun 1889. Beliau berasal dari lingkungan keluarga Pakualaman, putra dari GPH
Soerjaningrat, cucu dari Pakualam III dan dibesarkan di lingkungan keluarga
kraton Yogyakarta.

Barulah pada tahun 1922 saat beliau berusia 40 tahun (menurut hitungan Tahun
Caka), Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat mengubah namanya menjadi Ki Hadjar
Dewantara.

Semenjak saat itu pula,beliau tidak lagi menggunakan gelar kebangsawanan di

depan namanya. Berdasarkan ejaan bahasa Indonesia yang berlaku sejak tahun
1972 namanya dieja menjadi Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Ki Hajar Dewantara pernah bersekolah di Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) yang

mana pada saat zaman penjajahan Belanda itu adalah sekolah dasar di Indonesia.

Setelah lulus dari ELS, kemudian beliau bersekolah di STOVIA (Sekolah Dokter
Bumiputera) yaitu sebuah sekolah untuk pendidikan dokter pribumi di Batavia
pada zaman kolonial Hindia Belanda. Saat ini sekolah beliau menjadi menjadi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Meskipun beliau tidak tidak dapat
menyelesaikan pendidikannya karena sakit.

Ki Hajar Dewantara bekerja sebagai penulis dan wartawan diberbagai surat kabar,
seperti: Tjahaja Timoer, Midden Java, De Expres, Sediotomo, Kaoem Moeda,
Poesara, dan Oetoesan Hindia. Tulisan beliau sangat komunikatif dan tajam
dengan semangat antikolonial.

Selain bekerja sebagai penulis, beliau juga aktif dalam organisasi sosial dan politik.
Sejak tahun 1908, awal berdirinya Boedi Oetomo (BO), beliau aktif di seksi
propaganda untuk menyosialisasikan dan menggugah kesadaran masyarakat
Indonesia mengenai pentingnya rasa persatuan dan kesatuan dalam berbangsa dan
bernegara.

Tidak hanya itu, ternyata Ki Hajar Dewantara juga dikenal sebagai seorang tokoh
pelopor pendidikan bagi kaum pribumi Indonesia dari zaman penjajahan Belanda.

Bahkan, beliau berhasil mendirikan sebuah sekolah Perguruan Nasional Taman

Siswa (National Onderwijs Institut Taman Siswa) pada tanggal 3 Juli tahun 1922.

Pada awalnya pemerintah kolonial Belanda berupaya untuk menghalangi niat

beliau. Pemerintahan Belanda mengeluarkan Ordonansi Sekolah Liar pada tanggal
1 Oktober tahun 1932. Namun berkat kegigihan dan perjuangannya, ordonansi
tersebut akhirnya dicabut.

Perguruan ini sangat menekankan pendidikan rasa kebangsaan kepada pribumi

agar mereka mencintai bangsa dan tanah air dan berjuang untuk memperoleh
kemerdekaan.

Ki Hajar Dewantara pernah diangkat menjadi Menteri Pengajaran Indonesia

disebut sebagai Menteri Pendidikan, pada kabinet Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan
yang pertama Republik Indonesia.

Atas jasanya merintis pendidikan di Indonesia, pada tahun 1957 beliau mendapat
gelar doktor kehormatan (doctor honoris causa, Dr.H.C.) dari Universitas Gadjah
Mada (UGM).

Beliau akhirnya dinyatakan sebagai Bapak Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia,

sekaligus juga hari kelahiran beliau dijadikan sebagai Hari Pendidikan Nasional.

Ki Hajar Dewantara meninggal dunia pada tanggal 26 April tahun 1959 di

Yogyakarta. Beliau dimakamkan di Taman Wijaya Brata, makam untuk keluarga
Taman Siswa. Wajah beliau juga diabadikan pada lembaran mata uang Indonesia
pecahan 20.000 rupiah lama.
 Nama : Ni Putu Nadiska Cahaya Lestari

Kelas : X MIPA 1

No : 28

General Soedirman
General Soedirman is a hero that involved in the efforts for Indonesia’s
Independence. He was one of people who got five star grades. He was born on
January 24, 1916. his father was Karsid Kartawiuraji and his mother was Siyem.
However, Soedirman was adopted by his uncle named Raden Cokrosunaryo, and
live with him. When Soedirman moved to Cilacap, he joined Muhammadiyah
Islamic Organization and became a diligent and active student in extracurricular
activity. His skill in leading, organization, and his obedient attitude toward religion
made him respected by society.

He became a General when he was 31 years old. He had great commitment and
loyalty which was shown. He still involved in the guerrilla attack toward
Netherlands when he got pneumonia.

General is a hero who was willing to sacrifice himself to defend his beloved
country and nation. He was noted as the first and youngest general ever in the
Republic of Indonesia. He got his formal education from Taman Siswa school and
then he continued to HIK Muhammadiyah (teacher’s school) Solo but he did not
finish it. Meanwhile, his military education was begun through Pembela Tanah Air
(Peta) academy in Bogor. After he finished it, he became the battalion commander
in Kroya. At that time, he was very critical toward despotic policy and action of
Japanese military. Due to his firm attitude, he was almost killed by Japanese army.

After Indonesia reached its independence, there was a fight with Japanese troops
and he was successful in taking their gun in Banyumas. When Tentara Keamanan
Rakyat (TKR) was formed, he was appointed as the commander of Division V/
Banyuman with colonel grade. Through the conference of TKR on November 2,
1945, he was elected to be the great General of TKR or the General of Indonesian
Army. Soedirman got his General grade due to his merit and achievement for
country and nation. It was given by the President of Indonesia.
When Netherlands troops came back and attack Indonesia which was well-known
as Netherlands Military Aggression II, the capital city of Indonesia was moved to
Yogyakarta. At that time, Soedirman was sick. He was very weak because of
pneumonia and he only had one functioned lung. President Soekarno who was
kidnapped told that he should stay for medication at his hometown but he could not
obey it. Due to his commitment and responsibility as the military leader, he was
involved to attack Netherlands troops back.

He led the guerrilla attack from the hand barrow. For seven months, he and his
troops moved from one jungle to another jungle, mount to mount even though he
was badly ill and weak and there was no medicine stock. But, he always gave
support, direction, and strategies as if he were not sick at that time. At last, he left
the war because his condition became worse. General Soedirman passed away
when he was very young, 34 years old. He passed away on January 29, 1950 in
Magelang.
Jenderal Soedirman
Jenderal Soedirman adalah seorang pahlawan yang terlibat dalam berbagai upaya
Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dia adalah salah satu orang yang mendapatkan bintang
lima. Ia lahir pada tanggal 24 Januari, 1916. Ayahnya adalah Karsid Kartawiuraji
dan ibunya adalah Siyem. Namun, Soedirman diadopsi oleh pamannya yang
bernama Raden Cokrosunaryo, dan tinggal bersamanya. Ketika Soedirman pindah
ke Cilacap, ia bergabung Organisasi Islam Muhammadiyah dan menjadi
mahasiswa yang rajin dan aktif dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Keahliannya dalam
memimpin, organisasi, dan sikapnya yang patuh terhadap agama membuat dia
dihormati oleh masyarakat.

Ia menjadi jenderal ketika ia berusia 31 tahun. Dia memiliki komitmen yang besar
dan loyalitas. Bahkan, dia masih terlibat dalam serangan gerilya terhadap Belanda
ketika ia sakit pneumonia.

Beliau adalah pahlawan yang rela mengorbankan dirinya untuk membela negara
tercinta dan bangsa. Dia tercatat sebagai jenderal yang pertama dan termuda di
Republik Indonesia. Dia mendapat pendidikan formal dari sekolah Taman Siswa
dan kemudian ia melanjutkan ke HIK Muhammadiyah (sekolah guru) Solo tapi
beliau tidak menyelesaikannya. Sementara itu, pendidikan militer dimulai melalui
akademi Pembela Tanah Air (Peta) di Bogor. Setelah ia selesai, ia menjadi
komandan batalion di Kroya. Pada saat itu, ia sangat kritis terhadap kebijakan
zalim dan aksi militer Jepang. Karena sikap tegas, ia hampir dibunuh oleh tentara
Jepang.

Setelah Indonesia mencapai kemerdekaannya, terdapat pertempuran dengan

pasukan Jepang dan ia berhasil mengambil senjata mereka di Banyumas. Ketika
Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) dibentuk, dia diangkat sebagai komandan Divisi
V / Banyumas dengan pangkat kolonel. Melalui konferensi TKR pada tanggal 2
November 1945, ia terpilih menjadi Jenderal besar TKR atau Jenderal Angkatan
Darat Indonesia. Soedirman mendapat pangkat jenderal karena prestasi dan
prestasi bagi bangsa dan negara. Pangkat tersebut diberikan oleh Presiden
Indonesia.

Ketika pasukan Belanda kembali dan menyerang Indonesia yang dikenal sebagai
Agresi Belanda Militer II, ibukota Indonesia dipindahkan ke Yogyakarta. Pada saat
itu, Soedirman sakit. Dia sangat lemah karena pneumonia dan ia hanya memiliki
satu paru yang berfungsi. Presiden Soekarno yang diculik diberitahu bahwa ia
harus tinggal untuk pengobatan di kampung halamannya, tetapi ia tidak bisa
mematuhinya. Karena komitmen dan tanggung jawab sebagai pemimpin militer, ia
kembali terlibat untuk menyerang pasukan Belanda.

Dia memimpin serangan gerilya dari tandu. Selama tujuh bulan, ia dan pasukannya
bergerak dari satu hutan ke hutan lain, gunung ke gunung, hal itu dilakukan
meskipun keadaannya lemah dan tanpa persediaan obat. Tapi, dia selalu memberi
dukungan, mengarahkan, dan memberikan strategi seolah-olah dia tidak sakit pada
waktu itu. Akhirnya, ia meninggalkan perang karena kondisinya menjadi lebih
buruk. Jenderal Soedirman meninggal ketika ia masih sangat muda, 34 tahun. Ia
meninggal pada 29 Januari 1950 di Magelang.