ElectroMagnetic

Self-Inductance &
Mutual-Inductance
Induction
LECTURE - 6
Jayant Nagda
Physics Educator
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B.Tech, IIT Bombay

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Self Inductance

If the current changes with time,

flux through the loop changes
which induces an emf.
This process is called self-induction.
Self Inductance As ‘i’ changes ‘Φ’ changes and emf is induced

this emf is called ‘Self-induced emf’

as emf is induced because of ‘i’ of loop itself.

for loop

self-inductance of the loop

Self Inductance Self-inductance: Property of a coil by which it
opposes any change in the magnitude of current
flowing through it by inducing an emf in itself.

i L : Self-inductance

Total flux through the loop per unit current

Units : weber/ampere or Henry (H)

L : depends on geometry of loop

Self Inductance Self-inductance: Property of a coil by which it
opposes any change in the magnitude of current
flowing through it by inducing an emf in itself.

Corresponding induced emf

L units : Volt-sec/Ampere
Example The value of the self inductance of a coil is 5 H. If the
current in the coil changes steadily from 1A to 2A in 0.5
seconds, then the magnitude of induced emf is

A. 1V B. 10 V C. 100 V D. 0.1 V

Ans : B
Direction of Induced emf

(a) I is increasing

I I

e = L dl/dt

(b) I is decreasing

I I

e = L dl/dt
Example If I is increasing which of the following diagram shows
the equivalent emf induced in the inductor

I
A.
I

I
B.

Ans : A
Example If I is decreasing which of the following diagram shows
the equivalent emf induced in the inductor

I
A.
I

I
B.

Ans : B
Direction of Induced emf

(c) I is increasing

I I

e = L dl/dt

(d) I is decreasing

I I

e = L dl/dt
Self inductance of a Long Solenoid n: no. of turns per unit length
l: length of solenoid
r: radius of each turn
I N: total no. of turns N = nl
Self inductance of a Long Solenoid

Comparing with:
Self inductance of a Long Solenoid

depends on geometry ( r, l, n )

l = length, A = area of cross-section

n = number of turns/length
N= total number of turns
Example The number of turns in a coil of wire of fixed radius is
600 and its self inductance is 108 mH. The self
inductance of a coil of 500 turns will be

A. 74 mH B. 75 mH C. 76 mH D. 77 mH

Ans : B
Example A thin copper wire of length 100 metres is wound as a
solenoid of length l and radius r. Its self inductance is
found to be L. Now if the same length of wire is wound
as a solenoid of length l but of radius r/2, then its self
inductance will be

A. 4 L B. 2 L C. L D. L/2

Ans : C
Inductor

thick wire, negligible resistance

symbol of inductor

On passing a current through Inductor

Self-induced emf in a coil opposes
the change in the current that has induced it.
Symbol of Inductor
On passing a current through Inductor
Self-induced emf in a coil opposes
the change in the current that has induced it.

1. If current is increasing,
induced emf will be
opposite to direction of current.
I

2. If current is decreasing I
induced emf will be
in the same direction as the current.
When the current passing through a coil (primary) changes , the
magnetic flux through neighbouring coil (secondary) changes, hence an
emf is produced in the secondary coil.
This phenomenon is called Mutual Induction.
When the current passing through a coil (primary) changes , the
magnetic flux through neighbouring coil (secondary) changes, hence
an emf is produced in the secondary coil.
This phenomenon is called Mutual Induction.

Primary Secondary

Фsecondary ∝ iprimary
Magnetic flux linked with the second coil depends on current in the
primary coil
Mutual Inductance

i1

M : coefficient of
Primary Secondary mutual inductance
Mutual Inductance

M: Mutual inductance

depends on geometry only

Units : weber/amp or
Henry(H)

Emf induced in
secondary coil
Example The current is reduced from 3 amp to zero in 0.001 sec.
in the primary coil. It induces an emf of 15000 volts in the
secondary. The value of coefficient of mutual inductance
in Henry will be
A. 5 B. 0.5

C. 4.5 D. 50

Ans : A
Mutual Inductance of 1. Coil having N1 turns (radius r1) surrounded
by another coil having N2 turns (radius) r2
[r2 >> r1]

N2
i

1
N1
2
Mutual Inductance of 1. Coil having N1 turns (radius r1) surrounded
by another coil having N2 turns (radius) r2
[r2 >> r1]

N2
i

1
N1
2
Mutual Inductance of 2. A Solenoid S1 (n1, r1, l1) placed inside
another Solenoid S2 (n2,r2,l2) (l2>>l1)
Example Mutual inductance in Fig. shown is b

A. Zero B.
b

C. D.
a

Ans : C
Homework Questions
Example A long straight wire is placed along the axis of a circular ring of
radius R. The mutual inductance of this system is
[2008]

A. B. C. D. 0

Ans : D
Example Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual
Inductance of the pair of coils depends upon

A. the rates at which currents are changing in the

two coils
B. relative position and orientation of the two coils

C. the materials of the wires of the coils

D. the currents in the two coils

Ans : B
Example Two coils A and B have coefficient of mutual inductance
M = 2H. The magnetic flux passing through coil A change
by 4 Weber in 10 seconds due to the change in current in
B. Then

A. change in current in B in this time interval is 0.5 A

B. the change in current in B in this time interval is 2A

C. the change in current in B in this time interval is 8A

D. a change in current of 1 A in coil A will produce a

change in flux passing through B by 4 Weber

Ans : B
Example Two coaxial solenoids are made by winding thin insulated wire
over a pipe of cross-sectional area A = 10cm2 and length =
20cm. If one of the solenoid has 300 turns and the other has
400 turns, their mutual inductance is (μ0 = 4π × 10 –7 Tm A–1)
[2008]
A. 2.4π × 10–5 H B. 4.8π × 10–4 H

C. 4.8π × 10–5 H D. 2.4π × 10–4 H

Ans : D
Example Two circular coils can be arranged in any of the three situations
shown in the figure. Their mutual inductance will be
[2001]

(a) (b) (c)

A. Maximum in situation (a) B. Maximum in situation (b)

C. Maximum in situation (c) D. the same in all situation

Ans : A
Example A square wire frame of side a is placed a distance b away
from a long straight conductor carrying current I. The frame
has resistance R and self inductance L. The frame is rotated
by 1800 about OO’ as shown in Fig. Find the electric charge
flown through the frame
b
O
A. B. I
a
a
C. D. None of these O’

Ans : C
Example The coefficient of mutual inductance of the two coils is 5 H.
The current through the primary coil is reduced to zero value
from 3A in 1 millisecond. The induced emf in the secondary
coils is
A. 0 B. 1.67 KV

C. 15 KV D. 600 V

Ans : C
Example A small square loop of wire of side l is placed inside a
large square loop of wire of side L(L>>l). The loops are
co-planar and their centres coincide. The mutual
inductance of the system is proportional to [1998]- 2 marks

A. l/L B. l2/L

C. L/l D. L2/l

Ans : B
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