Cognitive Development

By Jean Piaget
Group 1

Leader:
Venuz Y. Dayrit
Members:
Patricia Samonte
April Rose Tarroja
Jerico Ventura

Content:

Transcription:
Dani (student): Good morning, Teacher Rachel! I just like to ask you about what you’ve said
earlier, the theory about children.

Teacher Rachel: Oh, the theory made by Jean Piaget? He is a psychologist and philosopher
known for his work with children. His theory is called theory of Cognitive Development,
which is identified by the four developmental stages. What about it?

Dani (student): Ma’am, I just want to clarify, if that theory only focuses on the children’s
acquire knowledge?

Teacher Rachel: Well, the theory basically not only focuses on how children acquire
knowledge but also on understanding the nature of the intelligence.

Dani (student): Ahh (then nod his head)... Ma’am you have mentioned earlier its 4 stages can
you please explain it again?

Teacher Rachel: You’re not listening again, Dani, just like what I have said a while ago, the
theory consists of 4 developmental stages. The first stage is the sensory motor stage which
starts from birth to two years old.

Dani (student): Ma’am what are the characteristics about the child in this stage?

Teacher Rachel: Basically, senses, motor abilities and reflexes develop rapidly in this stage.
Also, in this stage infants learn through experiences and physical interaction. An example of
this is that when you take away the child’s toy from him, he will be sad. Lastly, infants are
egocentric meaning the child can only perceive the world only from their own point-of-view.

Dani (student): Ohhh, okay. How about the next stage?

Teacher Rachel: It’s the pre-operational stage. It starts from 2 to 7 years old. In this stage,
children represent their environment through symbols and mental images. Also the child
demonstrates intelligence through symbols, language, and development of memory and
imagination.
Dani (student): That’s true! My little brother, Louie, can now identify shapes. Aside from
that, he likes to draw our family through these shapes.

Teacher Rachel: Correct, while in the third stage of the child development is the concrete
operations stage which starts from 7 to 11 years old. Children’s intelligence is demonstrated
logically and with systematic manipulation of symbols involving concrete objects for
example the child was able to solve a problem by visualizing.

Dani (student): Oh! Oh! My cousin, her skills in mathematics really improved and she was
able to solve simple math problems easily sometimes without even my help.

Teacher Rachel: That’s good to hear “Math Wizard.” Now for the last stage is the formal
operational stage which starts 12 years old and above. Children began to be formally
operational. They have the ability to think rationally about abstract concepts and hypothetical
events. Children’s advance cognitive ability allows them to recognize success, failure, love,
and hate. Also at this stage they understand why people behave in such a manner.

Dani (student): But Ma’am, what if the children were raised in a different environment and
people, for sure they have different sets of beliefs, how can you imply this theory in the
class?

Teacher Rachel: Well, base from what I’ve said earlier, as a teacher I should focus on the
process of children’s thinking and embrace the individual differences of the child base from
the different developmental process regardless of what environment he/she lived in and who
are the people involve with his/her developmental stages.

Dani (student): Then, how can this theory are related to technology?

Teacher Rachel: We all know that we are living in a digital world today. Apparently, most
parent let their child use gadgets today hence this will greatly affect the child’s development
along the way. For example, if the child used a table in the age of 2 than in the later stages the
child might develop high social skills or might result in a low self-esteem and negative
attitudes especially when a parent forbids the child to use the tablet.

Dani (student): Thank you very much Teacher Rachel, see you tomorrow!

Teacher Rachel: You’re welcome Dani, and Dani, next time listen to your teachers and
classmates who are reporting in the class.

Dani (student): Oops. Hehehe…

WHAT’S UP DANI?

Good morning, Teacher Rachel! I just like to ask you

about what you’ve said earlier, the theory about
children.

Oh, the theory made by Jean Piaget? He is a psychologist

and philosopher known for his work with children. His theory
is called theory of Cognitive Development, which is
identified by the four developmental stages. What about it?

Ma’am, I just want to clarify, if that theory only

focuses on the children’s acquire knowledge?

Well, the theory basically not only focuses on how

children acquire knowledge but also on understanding
the nature of the intelligence.
Ahh (then nod his head)... Ma’am you have
mentioned earlier its 4 stages can you please
explain it again?

You’re not listening again, Dani, just like what I have

said a while ago, the theory consists of 4
developmental stages. The first stage is the sensory
motor stage which starts from birth to two years old.

Ma’am what are the

characteristics about the
child in this stage?
 Basically, senses, motor abilities and reflexes develop rapidly
in this stage. Also, in this stage infants learn through
experiences and physical interaction. An example of this is
that when you take away the child’s toy from him, he will be
sad. Lastly, infants are egocentric meaning the child can only
perceive the world only from their own point-of-view.

Ohhh, okay. How about the next stage, Ma’am?

It’s the pre-operational stage. It starts from 2 to 7
years old. In this stage, children represent their
environment through symbols and mental images. Also
the child demonstrates intelligence through symbols,
language, and development of memory and imagination.

That’s true! My little

brother, Louie, can now
identify shapes. Aside
from that, he likes to
draw our family through
these shapes.
Correct, while in the third stage of the child development is the
concrete operations stage which starts from 7 to 11 years old.
Children’s intelligence is demonstrated logically and with
systematic manipulation of symbols involving concrete objects
for example the child was able to solve a problem by visualizing.

Oh! Oh! My cousin, her skills in mathematics really

improved and she was able to solve simple math
problems easily sometimes without even my help.
That’s good to hear “Math Wizard.” Now for the last
stage is the formal operational stage which starts 12
years old and above. Children began to be formally
operational. They have the ability to think rationally about
abstract concepts and hypothetical events. Children’s
advance cognitive ability allows them to recognize success,
failure, love, and hate. Also at this stage they understand
why people behave in such a manner.
But Ma’am, what if the children were raised in a
different environment and people, for sure they have
different sets of beliefs, how can you imply this
theory in the class?

Well, base from what I’ve said earlier, as a teacher I should

focus on the process of children’s thinking and embrace the
individual differences of the child base from the different
developmental process regardless of what environment
he/she lived in and who are the people involve with his/her
developmental stages.

Then, how can this theory are

related to technology?
 We all know that we are living in a
digital world today. Apparently,
most parent let their child use
gadgets today hence this will
greatly affect the child’s
development along the way. For
example, if the child used a table in
the age of 2 than in the later
stages the child might develop high
social skills or might result in a low
self-esteem and negative attitudes
especially when a parent forbids
the child to use the tablet.

Thank you very much Teacher Rachel, see you tomorrow!

You’re welcome Dani, and Dani, next time

listen to your teachers and classmates who
are reporting in the class.

Oops. Hehehe…

Script by:
Jerico Ventura
Edited by:
Venuz Y. Dayrit
Illustrated by:
Venuz Y. Dayrit ● Patricia Samonte ● April Rose Tarroja
References:

Piaget, J. (1977). The Essential Piaget. Gruber, HE; Voneche, JJ. eds. New York:
Basic Books.

Malik, F. (2019) Cognitive Development. Published on StatPearls [Internet].

Edwards, L., Hopgood, J., Rosenberg, K., & Rush, K. (2000). Mental Development
and Education. Retrieved April 25, 2009, from Flinders University Web site:
http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/begin.htm

Huitt, W. & Hummel, J. (1998). Cognitive development. Retrieved April 25, 2009
from the World Wide Web: http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html

Wadsworth, B.J. (1996). Piaget's theory of cognitive and affective development:

White Plains, NY: Longman.

Wood, K.C. (2008). Piaget's Stages. Retrieved April 25, 2009, from Department of
Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology, University of Georgia.