UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Civil Engineering Department

CIVE443 – Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Project Title: Analysis, Design, and Detailing of Shear Walls and MRFs

Review Number: 7 (Final Draft)

Students Name: Ramez Bou-Rizk (A1310287)

Instructors Name: Dr. Hikmat Zerbe

Semester: Spring

Date of Submission: May 1, 2017

____________________________

Student Signature
 Table of Content

Project Plans, Structural Elements, and Material Details

a. Basic Project Details and Given Information ............................................................................... 1

b. Plan View (with Dimensions) ...................................................................................................... 1

c. Elevation View (with Dimensions) .............................................................................................. 2

d. Materials, Structural Elements, Loads, and Combinations ............................................................ 2

e. Project Requirements ................................................................................................................... 4

Seismic Loads Analysis

a. Basic Seismic Design Conditions ................................................................................................. 5

b. Coordinates of CM and CR (ETABS) .......................................................................................... 5

c. Floor Weights (ETABS) .............................................................................................................. 6

d. Floor Weights (Hand Calculations) .............................................................................................. 7

e. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Ta (ETABS) ............................................................... 12

f. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Ta (Hand Calculations) ............................................... 14

g. Building Deflections due to Ta (ETABS) ................................................................................... 17

h. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Tb (ETABS) ............................................................... 19

i. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Tb (Hand Calculations) .............................................. 22

Seismic Loads Resisting System

a. Method of Analyzing Frame Participation (ETBAS) .................................................................. 25

b. Frame Participation in X - Direction (ETABS) .......................................................................... 25

c. Frame Participation in Y - Direction (ETABS) .......................................................................... 26

d. Summary of Results .................................................................................................................. 27

ii
Model Modifications

a. Items to Modify in ETABS Model ............................................................................................. 28

Design of Shear Wall

a. Shear Wall Dimensions and Loads ............................................................................................ 28

b. Modifications to ETABS Model ................................................................................................ 29

c. Uniform Reinforcement Design (Hand Calculations) ................................................................. 30

d. Uniform Reinforcement Design (ETABS) ................................................................................. 41

e. Simplified T/C Design (ETABS) ............................................................................................... 42

f. Design Detailing and Comparisons ............................................................................................ 43

Beam and Column Verifications

a. Beam Sections Verification ....................................................................................................... 44

b. Column Sections Verification .................................................................................................... 44

c. Modified Sections Summary ...................................................................................................... 45

Design of MRF (Moment Resisting Frame)

a. MRF Dimensions and Details .................................................................................................... 46

b. MRF Design (ETABS) .............................................................................................................. 49

c. MRF Design Verification (Hand Calculations) .......................................................................... 56

Conclusion

a. Final Results .............................................................................................................................. 60

b. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 60

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 List of Tables

 Table 1 – CM and CR Coordinates .................................................................................................... 5

 Table 2 – Floor Weights .................................................................................................................... 6

 Table 3 – Diaphragm CM Displacements ........................................................................................ 17

 Table 4 – X – Direction Drift Check ................................................................................................ 18

 Table 5 – Y – Direction Drift Check ................................................................................................ 19

 Table 6 – Seismic Resisting System ................................................................................................ 27

 Table 7 – Shear Wall Loads ............................................................................................................. 28

 Table 8 – ETABS Uniform Reinforcement Steel (Long.) ................................................................. 41

 Table 9 – ETABS Uniform Reinforcement Steel (Trans.) ................................................................ 41

 Table 10 – ETABS Tension / Compression Steel (Long.) ................................................................ 42

 Table 11 – ETABS Tension / Compression Steel (Trans.) ................................................................ 42

 Table 12 – Modified Sections List ................................................................................................... 45

List of Figures

 Figure 1 – Plan View ......................................................................................................................... 1

 Figure 2 – Elevation View along Grid Line B .................................................................................... 2

 Figure 3 – ETABS Model Rendered View ......................................................................................... 6

 Figure 4 – Seismic Loads Excel Sheet ............................................................................................. 16

 Figure 5 – Floor CM Displacement due to Vx .................................................................................. 17

 Figure 6 – Floor CM Displacement due to Vy ................................................................................. 17

 Figure 7 – ETABS Model Deformation (Mode 3) ............................................................................ 18

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 Figure 8 – X – Direction Applied Load ............................................................................................ 25

 Figure 9 – X – Direction Reactions .................................................................................................. 26

 Figure 10 – Y – Direction Applied Load .......................................................................................... 26

 Figure 11 – Y – Direction Reactions ................................................................................................ 27

 Figure 12 – Plan View of Frame Moment Releases .......................................................................... 29

 Figure 13 – Elevation View of Frame Moment Releases .................................................................. 29

 Figure 14 – Shear Wall Section (Uniform Reinforcement Hand Calculations) (4th Floor) .......................... 43

 Figure 15 – Shear Wall Section (Uniform Reinforcement ETABS) (4th Floor) ........................................ 43

 Figure 16 – Shear Wall Section (T/C Reinforcement ETABS) (4th Floor) ............................................... 43

 Figure 17 – Elevation View of Top Column Moment Releases ........................................................ 44

 Figure 18 – Ground Floor Frame Elevation and Dimensions ............................................................ 46

 Figure 19 – Ultimate Bending Moment Diagram ............................................................................. 47

 Figure 20 – Ultimate Shear Diagram ............................................................................................... 48

 Figure 21 – Ultimate Axial Load Diagram ....................................................................................... 48

 Figure 22 – Beam Column Capacity Ratio Verification ................................................................... 48

 Figure 23 – Required Flexural Steel Area ........................................................................................ 49

 Figure 24 – Required Flexural Steel Percentage ............................................................................... 49

 Figure 25 – Required Shear Steel Area ............................................................................................ 49

 Figure 26 – Beam Elevation Detailing ............................................................................................. 50

 Figure 27 – Beam Section Detailing ................................................................................................ 51

 Figure 28 – Column Elevation Detailing .......................................................................................... 52

 Figure 29 – Column Section Detailing ............................................................................................. 53

 Figure 30 – Beam Rebar Rendered View .......................................................................................... 54

 Figure 31 – C40x40 Rebar Rendered View ....................................................................................... 54

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 Figure 32 – C30x70 Rebar Rendered View ...................................................................................... 54

 Figure 33 – SMRF and IMRF Joint Ties .......................................................................................... 55

List of Hand Calculations

 Floor Weights Calculations ............................................................................................................... 7

 Seismic Loads Calculations (Ta) ..................................................................................................... 14

 Seismic Loads Calculations (Tb) ..................................................................................................... 22

 Shear Wall Design Calculations ...................................................................................................... 30

 MRF Design Calculations ............................................................................................................... 56

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 Project Plans, Structural Elements, and Material Details

a. Basic Project Details and Given Information

This report covers the design of a 6 story building structural system. The building consists of a

basement 3 meters high and 5 floors each 3.25 meters high. There is also a roof extension (3 m) to

allow access to the roof top. The basement is surrounded by 25 cm retaining walls. The building is

expected to resist seismic loads using a dual system (to be verified later) made up of shear walls and a

SMRF (special moment resisting frame).

This building is located in seismic zone 3 and soil classification is Sb. Seismic analysis and designs

will be done in accordance to UBC ‘97 and ACI 318M - 14. All modeling will be done using ETABS

with several hand calculations to verify results.

b. Plan View (with Dimensions)

NOTE:

This plan is typical

for all floors in this

building, the only

difference is the

wall thickness

changes from 25

cm to 20 cm after

the first two floors.

Figure 1 – Plan View

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 c. Elevation View (with Dimensions)

Figure 2 – Elevation View along Grid Line B

d. Materials, Structural Elements, Loads, and Combinations

The following material properties are used in this building structure:

Concrete Compressive Strength (Fc’) = 280 Kg/cm2

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 Concrete Unit Weight (g) = 2500 Kg/cm3

Steel Yield Strength (Fy) = 4200 Kg/cm2

Steel Yield Strength (Fyt) = 3000 Kg/cm2

The following structural elements are used in this building structure:

B25x60 (Main Beam) C30x70 (Rectangular Column)

B20x50 (Secondary Beam) C40x40 (Square Column)

Dummy beams (B20x20) will be used in the ETABS model for load transferring purposes, but

will have no effect on the building mass by assigning them a modified concrete material.

Solid Slab – Two Way – 16 cm

Structural Walls 25 cm (Basement and Ground Floor)

Structural Walls 20 cm (Other Floors)

The following loads are used in this building structure:

SDL = 250 Kg/m2 (All floors except roof top)

Partition Equivalent DL = 450 Kg/m2 (All floors including roof top)

Live Load = 250 Kg/m2 (All floors except roof top)

Roof Live Load = 750 Kg/m2 (Only roof top)

Façade Claddings = 750 Kg/m2 (per surface area of wall and include 1 m skirt on roof top)

Staircase Equivalent Loads = 2.5 tons DL and 1.5 tons LL as point loads on 4 corners of stairwell

Roof Top Extension = 450 Kg/m2 as DL & LL on staircase cover slab

LLRF and PLLF will be taken as 0 in this model.

NOTE: Some of these loads where not included in the original ETABS model and are not reflected in the

floor weight, Ta, and Tb calculations. They were added later for the purpose of shear wall and

MRF designs.

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The following load combinations are used in this building structure (for strength design):

1.4DL 1.485DL + 0.5 LL* - 1.1Vym

1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.5RLL 0.825DL + 1.1Vxp

1.2DL + 0.5LL + 1.6RLL 0.825DL + 1.1Vxm

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* + 1.1Vxp 0.825DL + 1.1Vyp

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* + 1.1Vxm 0.825DL + 1.1Vym

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* + 1.1Vyp 0.825DL - 1.1Vxp

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* + 1.1Vym 0.825DL - 1.1Vxm

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* - 1.1Vxp 0.825DL - 1.1Vyp

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* - 1.1Vxm 0.825DL - 1.1Vym

1.485DL + 0.5 LL* - 1.1Vyp NOTE: LL* = LL + RLL

All other details can be found in the completed ETABS model corresponding to this project.

e. Project Requirements

The following requirements will all be covered throughout the rest of this report in the sequence listed

below.

 Model the building using ETABS, provide coordinates of CM and CR.

 Calculate the Equivalent Static Seismic Force (Base Shear) for the building manually using Ta,

and compare it with ETABS results (Using Ta).

 Get the floor displacements of the CM from ETABS, and re-calculate the Equivalent Static

Seismic Force (Base Shear) for the building using Tb manually, and compare it with ETABS

results (Using Tb).

 Verify if the Seismic loads resisting system can be classified as a Dual System in both directions,

and make necessary arrangements.

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  Design the structural wall on Axis D, using Interaction Diagram Charts, and provide complete

wall reinforcement details (longitudinal and horizontal). Compare reinforcement with ETABS

using the "Uniform Reinforcing Design" concept and "Simplified T and C" Concept.

 Verify the cross sections of all beams and columns, and propose changes if necessary.

 Provide complete reinforced concrete design of the Moment Resisting Frame members on Axis 5,

for the first floor with application of all ACI 318M - 14 chapter 18 regulations.

Seismic Loads Analysis

a. Basic Seismic Design Conditions

Using the following seismic information:

Seismic Zone = 3 I (Importance Factor) = 1.00

Soil Classification = Sb h = 3.25 * 5 = 16.25 m

Ca = 3.00 e (eccentricity) = 0.05 * (L or B)

Cv = 3.00 Ct = 0.0488 (0.02 in ETABS)

R = 8.5 (Assuming both directions are Dual System – Shear Walls and SMRF)

b. Coordinates of CM and CR (ETABS)

Center of Mass Center of Rigidity

Floor
XCM (m) YCM (m) XCR (m) YCR (m)
Roof Extension 12.7656 7.25 9.0515 7.1649
Roof Top 10.4257 6.5129 8.8436 6.8917
4th Floor 10.3061 6.5079 8.7725 6.888
3rd Floor 10.3061 6.5079 8.6825 6.8825
2nd Floor 10.3061 6.5079 8.5731 6.872
1st Floor 10.2836 6.5118 8.4695 6.8474
Ground Floor 10.3596 6.5134 10.1585 6.633

Table 1 – CM and CR Coordinates

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 c. Floor Weights (ETABS)

After modeling the entire structure on ETABS and applying all the required loads and seismic

properties the following data was obtained about floor weights.

Floor Mass X (Kg) Mass Y (Kg) Cumulative X (Kg) Cumulative Y (Kg)

Roof Extension 20000 20000 20000 20000
Roof Top 368100 368100 388100 388100
4th Floor 572725 572725 960825 960825
3rd Floor 572725 572725 1533550 1533550
2nd Floor 572725 572725 2106275 2106275
1st Floor 577803.13 577803.13 2684078.13 2684078.13
Ground Floor 614740.63 614740.63 3298818.75 3298818.75
Basement 90562.50 90562.50 3389381.25 3389381.25

Table 2 – Floor Weights

Figure 3 – ETABS Model Rendered View

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d. Floor Weights (Hand Calculations)

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 e. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Ta (ETABS)

The following results are obtained from ETABS using only Ta as the fundamental period. The results

are seen for the X and Y directions even though both directions have the same values.

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f. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Ta (Hand Calculations)

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 These results are from an excel spreadsheet

and further validate the hand calculations of

base shear and force distribution due to Ta.

Figure 4 – Seismic Loads Excel Sheet

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 g. Building Deflections due to Ta (ETABS)

The following data is obtained from the ETABS model report and are based on the seismic loads due

to Ta. These values are the displacement of each floor’s center of mass in the X and Y directions.

Floor Ux (mm) Uy (mm)

Roof Extension 5.648 12.961
Roof Top 4.740 10.803
4th Floor 3.681 8.945
3rd Floor 2.585 6.711
2nd Floor 1.533 4.232
1st Floor 0.646 1.836
Ground Floor 0.088 0.158
Basement 0 0
Table 3 – Diaphragm CM Displacements

Figure 5 – Floor CM Displacement due to Vx Figure 6 – Floor CM Displacement due to Vy

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 Figure 7 – ETABS Model Deformation (Mode 3)

Next, we need to calculate all the inelastic drifts and check if they are within the allowable limits

as seen in the table below. Use R = 8.5 and T = Ta = 0.395 seconds.

X – Direction Drift Check

Floor Elastic Drift (m) Inelastic Drift (m) Inelastic Drift Limit (m) OK / NOT OK
Roof Extension 0.000908 0.005403 0.08125 OK
Roof Top 0.001059 0.006301 0.08125 OK
4th Floor 0.001096 0.006521 0.08125 OK
3rd Floor 0.001052 0.006259 0.08125 OK
2nd Floor 0.000887 0.005278 0.08125 OK
1st Floor 0.000558 0.00332 0.08125 OK
Ground Floor 0.000088 0.000524 0.08125 OK
Basement - - - -

Table 4 – X – Direction Drift Check

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 Y – Direction Drift Check
Floor Elastic Drift (m) Inelastic Drift (m) Inelastic Drift Limit (m) OK / NOT OK
Roof Extension 0.002158 0.01284 0.08125 OK
Roof Top 0.001858 0.011055 0.08125 OK
4th Floor 0.002234 0.013292 0.08125 OK
3rd Floor 0.002479 0.01475 0.08125 OK
2nd Floor 0.002396 0.014256 0.08125 OK
1st Floor 0.001678 0.009984 0.08125 OK
Ground Floor 0.000158 0.00094 0.08125 OK
Basement - - - -

Table 5 – Y – Direction Drift Check

It is seen that this structure does not have any inelastic drift problems in both directions and so no

modifications are required to be done to the deformations. The deformations in table 3 will now be used

to calculate Tb in the next section of this report.

It is also worth noting that the structure also does not have any torsional irregularity (Type 1 –

Plan Irregularity) in either direction on any floor and so there is no need to increase the accidental

eccentricity over the minimum of 0.05 of either building dimension.

h. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Tb (ETABS)

The following results are obtained from ETABS using the programs calculated T as the fundamental

period (either Ta or Tb, based on ETABS calculations). The results are seen for the X and Y directions

which now vary in each direction.

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i. Base Shear and Force Distribution using Tb (Hand Calculations)

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- 24 -
 Seismic Loads Resisting System

a. Method of Analyzing Frame Participation (ETBAS)

In order to determine the frame participation ratio so that the seismic resisting system can be classified

as dual or shear walls we need to create a modified ETABS model of the building by removing all applied

loads, seismic effects, and entire basement floor. The center of rigidity is identified (XCR = 8.7934 m and

YCR = 6.9294 m) at the roof top (final full plan floor) and 100 ton loads are placed in each direction. The

corresponding reactions are then checked and a frame participation can be deduced.

If the frames resist at least 25% of the total base shear in a given direction then the system in that

direction is classified as dual, if not then it is classified as a shear wall system. Certain conditions can be

imposed to make sure the system is dual if required.

b. Frame Participation in X - Direction (ETABS)

The figure below shows the applied load in the X direction and the areas enclosed in red boxes are the

reactions which will be counted for shear walls.

Figure 8 – X – Direction Applied Load

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 Figure 9 – X – Direction Reactions

Shear Wall = 96.9 Ton MRFs = 3.10 Ton Controlling System(s) = Shear Walls

c. Frame Participation in Y - Direction (ETABS)

The figure below shows the applied load in the Y direction and the areas enclosed in red boxes are the

reactions which will be counted for shear walls.

Figure 10 – Y – Direction Applied Load

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 Figure 11 – Y – Direction Reactions

Shear Wall = 79.82 Ton MRFs = 20.18 Ton Controlling System(s) = Dual (Imposed)

Since the MRF resists approximately 20% of the base shear in the Y direction. It will be assumed

that this system is a dual system and the shear in this direction resisted by the frame will be increased by a

ratio of 1.25 or 25 / 20. This increase will only be done for the purpose of MRF design in the Y direction.

d. Summary of Results

Therefore, the following systems will be used in each direction for the purpose of designing:

Direction Seismic Resisting System

X Shear Walls (R = 4.5)
Y Dual System with SMRF (R = 8.5)

Table 6 – Seismic Resisting System

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 ETABS Model Modifications

a. Items to Modify in ETABS Model

The following modifications where noted after preliminary analysis of the original ETABS model.

These modifications were applied before shear wall and MRF designs.

1. Add some loads to compensate the weight of the stairs

2. Ec = 2526.71 Kg/mm2

3. Add RLL to LL in EQ combinations

4. SDL on Roof (not only Partition Equivalent DL)

5. Normally we do not place façade loads on shear walls

Design of Shear Wall

a. Shear Wall Dimensions and Loads

This section will cover the design and detailing of the shear wall along grid line D using various

methods and techniques. The shear wall will be designed from the ground floor till the 4th floor, and

3 unique designs will be done using hand calculations for efficient results. The table below

summarizes the wall loads and the controlling loads to be used for each design.

Floor Thickness (cm) Mu (Ton.m) Nu or Pu (Ton) Vu (Ton) Design No.

4th Floor 20 33 52 19
3
3rd Floor 20 45 78 65
2nd Floor 20 589 113 101
2
1st Floor 20 1020 157 132
Ground Floor 25 1595 184 175 1

Table 7 – Shear Wall Loads

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 b. Modifications to ETABS Model

Since the seismic resisting systems have

been verified, the value of R in the X

direction was modified to 4.5 to reflect a

shear wall dependent resisting system. The

earthquake forces are modified accordingly

in ETABS and all the frames are released on

their extreme edges to allow the shear walls

to be the main moment resists elements in

that direction.
Figure 12 – Plan View of Frame Moment Releases

The two figures on this page illustrate the

moment releases placed on the frames by

showing a typical plan and elevation view of

the structure. These releases are important in

being able to get the proper loading values

(moment, axial, and shear) of the shear walls

for design calculations.

Figure 13 – Elevation View of Frame Moment Releases

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c. Uniform Reinforcement Design (Hand Calculations)

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 /m

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 d. Uniform Reinforcement Design (ETABS)

The shear wall along grid line D will now be designed level by level using the uniform

reinforcement design concept in ETABS. The bar spacing will be fixed to 300 mm and a concrete

cover of 40 mm will be used. The bar diameter will be varied at each level as the loadings decrease to

create a more economical design.

Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement (Bar Size)

Floor Top Steel Bottom Steel Top D/C Bottom D/C BE Required
4th Floor T16 T16 0.741 0.513 NO
3rd Floor T16 T16 0.461 0.468 NO
2nd Floor T16 T16 0.476 0.644 NO
1st Floor T20 T20 0.533 0.700 NO
Ground Floor T22 T22 0.563 0.959 NO

Table 8 – ETABS Uniform Reinforcement Steel (Long.)

Transversal Steel Reinforcement (Bar Size)

Floor Shear Steel (mm2/m) Bars Spacing (mm) No. of Curtains
4th Floor 500 6T10 240 2
3rd Floor 500 6T10 240 2
2nd Floor 500 6T10 240 2
1st Floor 570 8T10 100 2
Ground Floor 835 10T10 80 2

Table 9 – ETABS Uniform Reinforcement Steel (Trans.)

NOTE: Detailing’s for the above ETABS results will be shown at the end of the shear wall design section.

Only one longitudinal section will be drawn since for each level the only thing that changed is the

size of the bars and not the number of bars.

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 e. Simplified T/C Design (ETABS)

The shear wall along grid line D will now be designed using the tensions / compression concept in

ETABS. The two side columns are included in the shear wall design by assigning them the same pier ID

as the shear wall. The following results were obtained:

Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement (For Each BE) (mm2)

Floor Top Left Bottom Left Top Right Bottom Right Largest Value Bars
4th Floor 0 0 0 0 2064 8T20
3rd Floor 0 804 0 2064 2064 8T20
2nd Floor 1637 3513 1522 3435 3513 8T25
1st Floor 2263 5638 5045 6451 6451 8T32
Ground Floor 4966 9280 5683 10375 10375 8T40

Table 10 – ETABS Tension / Compression Steel (Long.)

The design showed that the compression boundary elements required no steel, but the steel in the

tension boundary elements will be used on both sides. This design does not account for minimum

reinforcement used in-between boundary elements but this will be shown in the section detailing.

Transversal Steel Reinforcement (Bar Size)

Floor Shear Steel (mm2/m) Bars Spacing (mm) No. of Curtains
4th Floor 660 6T12 240 2
3rd Floor 660 6T12 240 2
2nd Floor 660 6T12 240 2
1st Floor 660 6T12 240 2
Ground Floor 1040 10T12 160 2

Table 11 – ETABS Tension / Compression Steel (Trans.)

NOTE: Detailing’s for the above ETABS results will be shown at the end of the shear wall design section.

Only one longitudinal section will be drawn since for each level the only thing that changed is the

size of the bars and not the number of bars.

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 f. Design Detailing and Comparisons

20

Figure 14 – Shear Wall Section (Uniform Reinforcement Hand Calculations) (4th Floor)
20

Figure 15 – Shear Wall Section (Uniform Reinforcement ETABS) (4th Floor)

20

Figure 16 – Shear Wall Section (T/C Reinforcement ETABS) (4th Floor)

NOTE: Typical cross-section views of the wall showing transversal steel can be seen in the “Shear Wall

Hand Calculations” found in the previous section. Boundary element (BE) tie spacing will be

selected as the lesser value between shear wall requirements and SMRF requirements.

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 Beam and Column Verifications

a. Beam Sections Verification

The only beam failure present in the ETABS model is due to shear. Beam widths will be increased to

overcome the shear failure as a first measure of solving the issue, since shear resistance is more sensitive

to width as opposed to depth. The affected beams are the following:

B2 – C2 (1st Floor) B3 – C3 (Roof Top)

B2 – C2 (2nd Floor) B4 – C4 (3rd Floor)

B3 – C3 (2nd Floor) B4 – C4 (4th Floor)

B3 – C3 (3rd Floor) B4 – C4 (Roof Top)

B3 – C3 (4th Floor)

b. Column Sections Verification

The column failures present in the ETABS model are BCC (Beam Column Capacity) and JS (Joint

Shear). These failures are particular to a SMRF frame and need to be satisfied to achieve an adequate

design. All columns on the last floor will be released on their upper ends since it is hard to achieve a

satisfactory BCC ratio at that level.

The figure to the left shows an elevation of

the ETABS model along grid line D. The model

show the moment releases at the top of the

columns on the final floor, which are used to

satisfy the beam column capacity ratio of the

SMRF frame system. This modification is used

to selected adequate column sections and for the

design of the MRF in the following section.

Figure 17 – Elevation View of Top Column Moment Releases

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 The affected columns are the following:

B2 (Basement to 4th Floor) A4 (1st to 4th Floor)

C2 (Basement to 4th Floor) C4 (Basement to 4th Floor)

A3 (1st to 4th Floor) D4 (1st to 4th Floor)

C3 (Basement to 4th Floor) D5 (3rd Floor)

D3 (1st to 4th Floor)

c. Modified Sections Summary

The table below summarizes all the beams and columns that were modified to overcome the various

failures:

No. Element Grid B or C Floor Failure Original Section New Section

1 B2 – C2 B 1st Shear B25x60 B30x60
2 B2 – C2 B 2nd Shear B25x60 B35x60
3 B3 – C3 B 2nd, 3rd, and Roof Top Shear B25x60 B30x60
4 B3 – C3 B 4th Shear B25x60 B35x60
5 B4 – C4 B 3rd and 4th Shear B25x60 B30x60
6 B4 – C4 B Roof Top Shear B25x60 B50x75
7 B2 C Basement to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
8 B2 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
9 C2 C Basement to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
10 C2 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
11 A3 C 1st to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
12 A3 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
13 C3 C Basement to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
14 C3 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
15 D3 C 1st to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
16 D3 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
17 A4 C 1st to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50

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18 A4 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
19 C4 C Basement to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
20 C4 C 3rd BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
21 C4 C 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C70x70
22 D4 C 1st to 2rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50
23 D4 C 3rd to 4th BCC & JS C40x40 C60x60
24 D5 C 3rd BCC & JS C40x40 C50x50

Table 12 – Modified Sections List

The new sections in the model are:

B30x60 B50x70 C60x60

B35x60 C50x50 C70x70

Design of MRF (Moment Resisting Frame)

a. MRF Dimensions and Details

This will be the final design section of this report and covers the design and detailing of the moment

resists frame along grid line 5 on the first floor with application of all SMRF seismic provisions found in

ACI 318M – 14. The elements to be designed in the frame include: beams, columns, and joints.

Element Key:

Beams –

Columns –

Joints –

Figure 18 – Ground Floor Frame Elevation and Dimensions

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 The reinforcing steel area will be determined from ETABS by designing the frame as an SMRF

with earthquake and gravity loads properly applied. Also, all earthquake forces in the combinations listed

on page 4 will be multiplied by 1.25 as explained on page 27. The gravity loads will be unaffected and

this will result in the following set of combinations:

1.4DL 1.485DL + 0.5 LL* ± 1.375V (xp, xm, yp, ym)

1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.5RLL 0.825DL ± 1.375V (xp, xm, yp, ym)

1.2DL + 0.5LL + 1.6RLL NOTE: LL* = LL + RLL

Using the listed load combinations, the following ultimate bending moment, shear, and axial force

diagrams are obtained from ETABS. All SMRF moment and shear requirements are accounted for by

ETABS even though they are not seen the diagrams below. No pattern live load factor (PLLF) and live

load reduction factor (LLRF) will be considered for this design. Additional hand calculations will be used

to verify stirrup spacing in the following section of this report.

Figure 19 – Ultimate Bending Moment Diagram

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 Figure 20 – Ultimate Shear Diagram

Figure 21 – Ultimate Axial Load Diagram

Figure 22 – Beam Column Capacity Ratio Verification

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 b. MRF Design (ETABS)

The following figures all show the required flexural and shear steel areas in mm2 as obtained from

ETABS, followed by elevation and section detailing.

Figure 23 – Required Flexural Steel Area

Figure 24 – Required Flexural Steel Percentage

Figure 25 – Required Shear Steel Area

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Figure 26 – Beam Elevation Detailing
Figure 27 – Beam Section Detailing

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Figure 28 – Column Elevation Detailing
 Figure 29 – Column Section Detailing

The following figures on the next page show rendered 3D views of the steel rebar layouts to be

used in the beams and columns of the MRF gotten from ETABS.

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 Figure 30 – Beam Rebar Rendered View

Figure 31 – C40x40 Rebar Rendered View Figure 32 – C30x70 Rebar Rendered View

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 Figure 33 – SMRF and IMRF Joint Ties

The figure above is obtained from ETABS by designing and detailing the frame joints as SMRF

and IMRF. The results show a significant difference in the spacing and number of ties used in the joints to

aid in seismic resistance.

The next section of this report will cover hand calculation to verify tie spacing in the beams,

columns, and joints. These results will be compared to the ETABS results for SMRF frames to check for

consistencies in calculations.

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c. MRF Design Verification (Hand Calculations)

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 Conclusion

a. Final Results

The final design results for both shear walls and moment resisting frames show how much reinforcing

steel is required to satisfy seismic provisions. The required steel proved to be much larger than that of

typical gravity resisting elements. Also, several conditions needed to be verified before final results can

be obtained and this show how critical precise calculations are in this case. Overall, seismic elements need

to be properly and carefully designed to ensure that in the case of an earthquake all element can

continuously provided structural support and avoid total collapse.

b. Conclusion

This project proved to be a cumbersome task that required all information presented in the course to

be utilized in addition to basic concrete design techniques from previous undergraduate courses. Being

able to apply all the analysis and design methods into one practical seismic project was truly beneficial in

understanding all topics. Working around certain problems and using different design method to achieve

similar results allowed to really master the subject.

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