Unit C.6.

2 TEST

UNIT C.6.2 TEST

1. ‘If a container terminal is the only one of importance in the country, there is no need for it to measure
its performance, to compare its performance with that of other terminals, or to set performance
targets.’ Is this statement TRUE (write T in the answer box) or FALSE (write F)?
Answer oo oo
Mark

2. What term is used to describe performance measures recording activity in terms of quantity (output,
turnover, revenue etc) in unit time? Write your selected answer letter (a, b, c or d) in the answer box.
(a) Production measures
(b) Productivity measures
(c) Utilization measures
(d) Service measures
Answer oo oo
Mark

3. What measures indicate how satisfied customers are with a terminal’s quality of performance?
(a) Production measures
(b) Productivity measures
(c) Utilization measures
(d) Service measures
Answer oo oo
Mark

4. Which performance measures indicate quantity of production per unit of resource (eg per person, per
machine, per square metre) in unit time (eg day, week, year)?
(a) Production measures.
(b) Productivity measures
(c) Utilization measures
(d) Service measures
Answer oo oo
Mark

5. One class of performance measures indicates how intensively production resources are used, by
comparing actual use with maximum possible use of a resource in unit time; which measures?
(a) Production measures
(b) Productivity measures
(c) Utilization measures
(d) Service measures
Answer oo oo
Mark

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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

6. What is the difference between ‘traffic’ and ‘throughput’ measures of a container terminal’s
performance?
(a) ‘Traffic’ covers only containers arriving or leaving by road, while ‘throughput’ also
includes transshipment cargo.
(b) ‘Throughput’ measures the quantity of cargo passing through, while ‘traffic’ measures
movements in unit time.
(c) ‘Traffic’ measures take into account the effort involved in handling the cargo;
‘throughput’ measures do not.
(d) ‘Traffic’ measures the quantity of cargo passing through in unit time, while
‘throughput’ indicates handling effort in terms of container movements in unit time.
(e) There is no difference — they are alternative terms for the same measure.

Answer oo oo
Mark

7. On a particular day, a terminal discharged 150 full, inbound containers, loaded 200 full outbound
containers, discharged 250 transshipment containers and loaded 50 transshipment containers, and
loaded and discharged a total of 100 empty containers. What was its traffic for the day?
(a) 450 containers
(b) 600 containers
(c) 650 containers
(d) 700 containers
(e) 750 containers
Answer oo oo
Mark

8. The following statements refer to ‘traffic’ and ‘throughput’ performance measures. State in each case
whether the statement is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
(a) It is useful for a terminal to calculate secondary traffic measures based on container status, country
of origin/destination, and commodity class.
Answer oo oo
Mark
(b) Terminal traffic is often expressed in terms of TEUs, tonnages and value, as well as of containers
handled.
Answer oo oo
Mark
(c) The ship operation Outturn Reports are the sources of data for calculating both primary and
secondary Traffic measures.
Answer oo oo
Mark
(d) When calculating ship throughput, all movements required to discharge and load the containers are
counted, including shifts, restows and hatch cover lifts, but excluding those involved in loading
transshipment containers.
Answer oo oo
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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

(e) If lashing cages, lashing gear and lifting equipment have to be taken aboard for a ship operation,
those movements are included in the throughput calculation.

Answer oo oo
Mark

9. In a particular ship operation, 350 ‘local’ containers were discharged and loaded, 200 transshipment
containers were discharged and loaded, 25 containers were shifted via the quay, 20 containers were
restowed within the vessel, and 10 hatch covers were lifted and replaced. What was the throughput for
that operation?
(a) 605
(b) 615
(c) 625
(d) 640
(e) 660
Answer oo oo
Mark

10. When calculating quay transfer throughput, which of the following movements are NOT counted?
(a) Movements of inbound and outbound containers to and from the container yard
(b) Restows of containers via the crane backreach
(c) Shifts of containers via temporary storage in the export blocks
(d) Transshipment container movements via the container yard
(e) Transshipped containers moved directly along the quay for immediate reloading into a
ship berthed nearby
Answer oo oo
Mark

11. In a particular week in a terminal operating a straddle-carrier direct transfer system, the equipment
made 6000 container yard movements relating to quay transfer operations, 500 relating to moves to
and from examination areas, 300 moves to and from the CFS, 4000 to and from receipt/delivery
interchange slots, and 1000 in-stack ‘shifts’ for access and reorganization. What was the container
yard throughput for the week?
(a) 800 moves
(b) 1,000 moves
(c) 1,800 moves
(d) 7,800 moves
(e) 11,800 moves
Answer oo oo
Mark

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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

12. Which of the following are NOT included in the calculation of receipt/delivery throughput?
(a) Stacking of outbound containers collected from road vehicles at the interchange slots
(b) Unstacking of inbound containers for delivery to road vehicles at the interchange slots
(c) Shifts of containers in-stack for access to particular inbound containers or to place
outbound containers in allocated slots
(d) Movements of containers to and from a railhead or inland waterway berth
(e) Movements of road vehicles through the entry and exit lanes at the gate
Answer oo oo
Mark

13. On a particular day, 700 containers passed through the gate of a container terminal, 100 road vehicles
arrived with 40ft export containers and collected 40ft import containers before leaving, 200 vehicles
delivered export containers (one each) and departed empty, while the others arrived empty and left
with one container each. What was the gate throughput for that day?
(a) 1400 movements
(b) 1200 movements
(c) 1000 movements
(d) 800 movements
(e) 700 movements
Answer oo oo
Mark

14. Of the three ship productivity measures, which gives the highest value in moves per hour?
(a) Container moves per ship-hour in port
(b) Container moves per ship-hour at berth
(c) Container moves per ship working hour
(d) It is not possible to say, as the values vary.
(e) They should always give the same value.
Answer oo oo
Mark

15. Only one of the following statements of the relationship between ship working time, non-operational
time and idle time is correct; which is it?
(a) Non-working time = non-operational time + idle time
(b) Non-working time = non-operational time – idle time
(c) Gross working time = net working time – idle time
(d) Net working time = gross working time – idle time
(e) Net working time = gross working time – non-operational time
Answer oo oo
Mark

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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

16. What could account for a ship productivity value per ship-hour at berth being much lower than the
value per gross ship working hour?
(a) The vessel’s berthing was delayed, eg waiting for a pilot boat.
(b) There were equipment breakdowns during the operation.
(c) There were several long mealbreaks during the operation.
(d) The vessel was delayed leaving port after casting off at the berth.
(e) Start-up of the ship operation after berthing was delayed.
Answer oo oo
Mark

17. During a particular ship operation, which lasted 10 hours from start to completion, two gantry cranes
were deployed and between them carried out 360 equivalent container moves. There was one
30-minute mealbreak and one crane lost one hour’s work due to a spreader problem. What was the
productivity per net crane working hour for the operation?
(a) 10 moves/net crane working hour
(b) 18 moves/net crane working hour
(c) 20 moves/net crane working hour
(d) 36 moves/net crane working hour
(e) 45 moves/net crane working hour
Answer oo oo
Mark

18. What is the preferred measure of quay productivity for a container terminal?
(a) Equivalent container movements per metre of quay per unit time
(b) Containers handled per metre of quay per unit time
(c) Containers handled per berth per unit time
(d) Equivalent container movements per berth per unit time
(e) TEUs handled per metre of quay per unit time
Answer oo oo
Mark

19. State in each case whether the following statements about productivity measures are TRUE (T) or
FALSE (F).
(a) For most container terminals, total terminal area productivity values greater than 2 TEUs/m²/year
are danger signs of congestion.
Answer oo oo
Mark
(b) The key factor in container yard congestion is not so much its net storage area productivity value
but the average dwell time of containers in storage.
Answer oo oo
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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

(c) Whatever the cargo mix and demand, CFS area productivity measures allow direct and useful
comparisons to be made between the performance of different CFSs.
Answer oo oo
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(d) Equipment productivity can be usefully measured in terms of container moves per terminal
working hour, per allocated hour, and per machine working hour (as recorded on an hour-meter).
Answer oo oo
Mark
(e) It is not important to measure labour productivity on a modern container terminal, since labour
costs form a very small part of total terminal costs.
Answer oo oo
Mark
(f) Measures of a terminal’s cost-effectiveness are calculated only in terms of its annual traffic: cost
per container, cost per TEU, and cost per tonne.
Answer oo oo
Mark

20. What value of Berth Occupancy, averaged over a year, is normally taken as a realistic safe maximum
for a medium-length container terminal quay?
(a) 70%
(b) 65%
(c) 60%
(d) 55%
(e) 50%
Answer oo oo
Mark

21. How is a berth working index calculated?

(a) By dividing total vessel working time at the quay by the total time spent by ships at the
quay in that period, and multiplying by 100
(b) By multiplying the number of vessels at berth in a given period by the number of hours
they spent there, and multiplying by 100
(c) By adding up all the lengths of vessels calling, multiplying by the duration of their
stays, and expressing the answer as a percentage of quay length times hours in that period
(d) By averaging the time spent by all vessels at the berth in a year
(e) By dividing actual berthed hours by possible berthed hours and multiplying by 100

Answer oo oo
Mark

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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

22. If the number of TGSs in the container yard is multiplied by the operationally acceptable mean
stacking height (in containers), a value for the total number of available TEU storage slots is obtained;
what is this measure called?
(a) Storage utilization
(b) Design capacity of the yard
(c) Reserve capacity of the yard
(d) Incremental demand
(e) Yard utilization
Answer oo oo
Mark

23. There are 1000 TGSs in a particular block of the container yard empties area, and mean stacking
height is 4 containers. If, at a particular spot inventory, there were 1000 40ft containers in that block,
what was its storage utilization at that time?
(a) 100%
(b) 75%
(c) 50%
(d) 40%
(e) 25%
Answer oo oo
Mark

24. When calculating the utilization of a terminal’s straddle carrier fleet over a particular period, which is
the most useful value to take as the ‘possible machine hours’?
(a) The total number of hours in that period, multiplied by the number of equipment units
in the fleet
(b) The total shift-hours in that period, ignoring overtime hours worked
(c) The total number of hours recorded on the equipment hour-meters in that period
(d) The total allocated machine-hours
(e) The total number of hours actually worked on the terminal in that period, multiplied by
the number of machines in the fleet

Answer oo oo
Mark

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 Unit C.6.2 TEST

25. If a vessel arrives in port at 08.00 hours, remains at anchorage until 10.00, berths at 12.00, starts
discharging at 12.15, completes operations at 20.30 on the same day, leaves berth at 20.45 and leaves
port at 22.00, what was its turnround time?
(a) 8.25 hours
(b) 8.5 hours
(c) 8.75 hours
(d) 10.75 hours
(e) 14 hours
Answer oo oo
Mark

26. ‘Most terminals routinely collect data that only allow calculation of one measure of receipt/delivery
or gate service quality: vehicle service time.’ Is this statement TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)?

Answer oo oo
Mark

27. Only one of the following statements correctly states a relationship between various aspects of
equipment availability; which one is it?
(a) Downtime = (Possible Machine Hours ÷ Available Machine Hours) × 100
(b) Available Machine Hours = Possible Machine Hours – Downtime
(c) Availability = (Possible Machine Hours ÷ Available Machine Hours) × 100
(d) Possible Machine Hours = Available Machine Hours – Downtime
(e) Demand Availability = (Requested Machine Hours ÷ Downtime) × 100

Answer oo oo
Mark

TEST Page 8