Al Capone

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Al Capone

Official mugshot

Born January 17, 1899

Brooklyn, New York, United States

Died January 25, 1947 (aged 48)

Palm Island (Florida), U.S.

Charge(s) Tax evasion

Penalty 11 year sentence in Alcatraz

Status Deceased

Occupation Gangster, bootlegger, racketeer

Spouse Mae Capone

Children Albert Francis Capone

Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an Italian-American gangster who
led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. Known as the "Capones", the group was dedicated
to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities, in Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931.
Capone's reign ended when he was found guilty of tax evasion, and sent to federal prison. His incarceration
included a stay at Alcatraz federal prison.

Contents
 [hide]

1 Early life in New York

2 Capone's wealth and power grows in

Cicero

3 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre

4 Conviction and imprisonment

5 Physical decline and death

6 In popular culture

o 6.1 Literature

o 6.2 Film and television

o 6.3 Other media

o 6.4 Music

o 6.5 Comics

o 6.6 Games

o 6.7 Enterprises

7 See also

8 References

9 Further reading

10 External links

Early life in New York

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Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 17, 1899. [1] His parents Gabriele
(December 12, 1864 – November 14, 1920) and Teresina Capone (December 28, 1867 – November 29, 1952)
were originally from Italy, where his father Gabriele was a barber fromCastellammare di Stabia, a town about
16 mi (26 km) south of Naples, Italy. His mother Teresina was a seamstress and the daughter of Angelo Raiola
from Angri, a town in the province of Salerno.[2]

Gabriele and Teresina had nine children: James Capone (also known as Richard Two-Gun Hart; 1892 –
October 1, 1952), Raffaele Capone(also known as Ralph "Bottles" Capone and was later placed in charge of Al
Capone's beverage industry; January 12, 1894 – November 22, 1974), Salvatore "Frank" Capone (January
1895 – April 1, 1924), Alphonse "Scarface Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), John Capone
(1901 – 1994), Albert Capone (1906 – June 1980), Matthew Capone (1908 – January 31, 1967), Rose Capone
(born and died 1910) and Mafalda Capone (later Mrs. John J. Maritote, January 28, 1912 – March 25, 1988).

A photo of Al Capone, taken when he was in jail.

The Capone family immigrated to the United States in 1893 and settled down at 95 Navy Street, [1] in the Navy
Yard section of downtown Brooklyn, near the Barber Shop that employed Gabriele at 29 Park Avenue. [1] When
Al was 11, the Capone family moved to 38 Garfield Place[1] in Park Slope, Brooklyn.

Capone dropped out of the New York Public school system at the age of 14, after being expelled from Public
School 133. He then worked at odd jobs around Brooklyn, including a candy store and a bowling alley.[3]During
this time, Capone was influenced by gangster Johnny Torrio, whom he came to regard as a mentor.[4]

After his initial stint with small-time gangs that included The Junior Forty Thieves and The Bowery Boys,
Capone joined the Brooklyn Rippers and then the notorious Five Points Gang. During this time, he was
employed and mentored by fellow racketeer Frankie Yale, a bartender in a Coney Island dance hall and saloon
called the Harvard Inn. It was in this field that Capone received the scars that gave him the nickname
"Scarface";[5] He inadvertently insulted a woman while working the door at a Brooklyn night club, provoking a
fight with her brother Frank Gallucio. Capone's face was slashed three times on the left side. Capone
apologized to Gallucio at Yale's request and would hire his attacker as a bodyguard in later life. [6][7] When
photographed, Capone hid the scarred left side of his face and would misrepresent his injuries as war wounds.
[6][8]
 According to the 2002 magazine article from Life called Mobsters and Gangsters: from Al Capone to Tony
Soprano, Capone was called "Snorky" by his closest friends.[9]

On December 30, 1918, Capone wanted to get married. He was under the age of 21 and his parents were
required to sign a consent form agreeing to allow their son to marry. The consent was executed and Capone
married Mae Josephine Coughlin. Earlier that month she had given birth to their son, Albert Francis ("Sonny")
Capone.

Capone departed New York for Chicago, without his new wife and son, who would join him later. Capone
purchased a modest house at 7244 South Prairie Ave. in the Park Manor neighborhood on the city's south side
in 1923 for USD $5,500.[10]

Capone came at the invitation of Johnny Torrio, his Five Points Gang mentor who had gone to Chicago to
resolve some family problems his cousin's husband was having with the Black Hand. He quickly resolved the
issue by killing members of the Black Hand who had given his cousin's husband problems. He saw many
business opportunities in Chicago, bootlegging following the onset of prohibition. Torrio had acquired the crime
empire of James "Big Jim" Colosimo after the latter refused to enter this new area of business and was
subsequently murdered (presumably by Frankie Yale, although legal proceedings against him had to be
dropped due to a lack of evidence).[11] Capone was also a suspect for two murders at the time, and was
seeking a safe haven and a better job to provide for his new family. [12]

The 1924 town council elections in Cicero became known as one of the most crooked elections in the Chicago
area's long history, with voters threatened at polling stations by thugs. Capone's mayoral candidate won by a
huge margin but only weeks later announced that he would run Capone out of town. Capone met with his
puppet-mayor and personally knocked him down the town hall steps, a powerful assertion of gangster power
and a major victory for the Torrio-Capone alliance.

For Capone, this event was marred by the death of his brother Frank at the hands of the police. Capone cried
openly at his brother's funeral and ordered the closure of all the speakeasies in Cicero for a day as a mark of
respect.

Much of Capone's family put down roots in Cicero as well. In 1930, Capone's sister Mafalda's marriage to John
J. Maritote took place at St. Mary of Czestochowa, a massive Neogothic edifice towering over Cicero Avenue in
the so-called Polish Cathedral style.[13]

Capone's wealth and power grows in Cicero

Severely injured in a 1925 assassination attempt by the North Side Gang, the shaken Torrio turned over his
business to Capone and returned to Italy. Capone was notorious during the Prohibition Era for his control of
large portions of the Chicago underworld, which provided The Outfitwith an estimated US $100 million per
year[14] in revenue. This wealth was generated through all manner of illegal enterprises, such
asgambling and prostitution,[5] although the largest moneymaker was the sale of liquor. In those days Capone
had the habit of "interviewing" new prostitutes for his club himself.

Demand was met by a transportation network that moved smuggled liquor from the rum-runners of the East
Coast and The Purple Gang inDetroit and local production in the form of Midwestern moonshine operations
and illegal breweries. With the funds generated by his bootlegging operation, Capone's grip on the political and
law-enforcement establishments in Chicago grew stronger. He soon established a headquarters at
Chicago's Lexington Hotel. This was soon nicknamed "Capone's Castle" after the St. Valentine's Day
Massacre.

Through this organized corruption, which included the bribing of Chicago Mayor William "Big Bill" Hale
Thompson, Capone's gang operated largely free from legal intrusion, operating casinos and speakeasies
throughout Chicago. Wealth also permitted Capone to indulge in a luxurious lifestyle of custom suits, cigars,
gourmet food and drink (his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa[citation needed]), jewelry, and female
companionship. He garnered media attention, to which his favorite responses was "I am just a businessman,
giving the people what they want" and "All I do is satisfy a public demand." [5] Capone had become a celebrity.

The Lexington Hotel in Chicago, Illinois, which served as Capone's headquarters

The violence that led to Capone's unprecedented level of criminal success drew the ire of Capone's rivals, and
spurred their retaliation, particularly by bitter rivals, North Side gangsters Hymie Weissand Bugs Moran. More
than once, Capone's car was riddled with bullets.

In a particularly unnerving incident on September 20, 1926, the North Side gang shot into Capone's entourage
as he was eating lunch in the restaurant of the Hawthorne Hotel. A motorcade of ten vehicles, using Thompson
Submachine guns and shotguns riddled the outside of the Hotel and the restaurant on the first floor of the
building. Capone's bodyguard (Frankie Rio) threw him to the ground at the first sound of gunfire and lay on top
of "The Big Fellow", as the headquarters was riddled with bullet holes. Several bystanders were hurt from flying
glass and bullet fragmentation in the raid, including a young boy and his mother who would have lost her
eyesight had not Capone paid for top-dollar medical care.[15] This event prompted Capone to call for a truce.
Negotiations fell through.[15]

These attacks prompted Capone to fit his Cadillac with bullet-proof glass, run-flat tires, and a police siren.
Every attempt on his life (by Moran, who was almost certainly involved in most of the attacks) left him
increasingly shaken. This car was seized by the Treasury Department in 1932 and was later used as
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's limousine.[16]

Capone placed armed bodyguards around the clock at his headquarters at the Lexington Hotel, at 22nd Street
(later renamed Cermak Road) and Michigan Avenue. For his trips away from Chicago, Capone was reputed to
have had several other retreats and hideouts located inBrookfield, Wisconsin; Johnson City, Tennessee; Saint
Paul, Minnesota; Olean, New York; French Lick, as well as Terre Haute,
Indiana;Dubuque, Iowa; Jacksonville, Florida; Grand Haven, Michigan and Lansing, Michigan and Hot
Springs, Arkansas; where former New York Goffer Gang member Owney "The Killer" Madden retired and
married the postmaster's daughter. Owney and the old gang never lost contact and were always welcome to
visit for a safe peaceful vacation. First time Lucky Luciano was arrested was in Hot Springs. As a further
precaution, Capone and his entourage would often suddenly show up at one of Chicago's train depots and buy
up an entire Pullman sleeper car on night trains to places like Cleveland, Omaha, Kansas City and Little
Rock/Hot Springs in Arkansas, where they would spend a week in luxury hotel suites under assumed names
with the apparent knowledge and connivance of local authorities. In 1928, Capone bought a 14-room
retreat[5] on Palm Island, Florida close to Miami Beach.

Saint Valentine's Day Massacre

Main article:  Saint Valentine's Day massacre

The St. Valentine's Day Massacre eliminated some of Capone's enemies, but outraged the general public

The bloody events of February 14, 1929, began nearly five years before with the murder of Dion O’Banion, the
leader of Chicago’s North Side mob. At that time, control of bootleg liquor in the city raged back and forth
between the North Siders, run by O’Banion, and the South Side Outfit, which was controlled by Johnny Torrio
and his henchman, Al Capone. In November 1924, Torrio ordered the assassination of O’Banion and started an
all-out war in the city. The North Siders retaliated soon afterward and nearly killed Torrio outside of his home.
This brush with death led to him leaving the city and turning over operations to Capone, who almost was killed
himself in September 1926. It is believed Capone ordered the most notorious gangland killing of the century,
the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in the Lincoln Park neighborhood on Chicago's North Side, although
details of the killing of the seven victims[5] in a garage at 2122 North Clark Street (then the SMC Cartage Co.)
and the extent of Capone's involvement are widely disputed. No one was ever brought to trial for the crime.

The massacre was thought to be The Outfit's effort to strike back at Bugs Moran's North Side gang, which had
become increasingly bold in hijacking the Outfit's booze trucks, assassinating two presidents of the Outfit-
controlled Unione Siciliane, and three assassination attempts on one of Capone's top enforcers, Jack McGurn.
[17]

To monitor their targets' habits and movements, Capone’s men rented an apartment across from the trucking
warehouse that served as a Moran headquarters. On the morning of Thursday February 14, 1929, Capone’s
lookouts signaled gunmen disguised as police to start a 'raid'. The faux police lined the seven victims along a
wall without a struggle then signaled for accomplices with machine guns. The seven victims were machine-
gunned and shot-gunned, each with fifteen to twenty or more bullets.

Photos of the massacre shocked the public and greatly harmed Capone in the public opinion, prompting federal
law enforcement to focus more closely on investigating his activities. [5]

Conviction and imprisonment

In 1929, Bureau of Prohibition agent Eliot Ness began an investigation of Capone and his business, attempting

to get a conviction for Prohibition violations. However, it was Frank J. Wilson who conducted the investigation
into Capone's income tax violations that the government decided was more likely to end in a conviction.

Al Capone's cell at the Eastern State Penitentiary

In 1931 Capone was indicted for income tax evasion and various violations of the Volstead Act. Facing
overwhelming evidence, his attorneys made a plea deal, but the presiding judge warned he might not follow the
sentencing recommendation from the prosecution, so Capone withdrew his plea of guilty. Attempting to bribe
and intimidate the potential jurors, his plan was discovered by Ness's men. The venire (jury pool) was then
switched with one from another case, and Capone was stymied. Following a long trial, he was found guilty on
some income tax evasion counts (the Volstead Act violations were dropped). The judge gave him an eleven-
year sentence along with heavy fines, and liens were filed against his various properties. His appeal was
denied. In May 1932, Capone was sent to Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary, a tough federal prison, but he was able to
obtain special privileges. Later, for a short period of time, he was transferred to the Lincoln Heights Jail. He was
then transferred to Alcatraz, where tight security and an uncompromising warden ensured that Capone had no
contact with the outside world. His isolation from his associates and the repeal of Prohibition in December,
1933, precipitously diminished his power.[citation needed]

Though he adjusted relatively well to his new environment, his health declined as the syphilis he caught as a
youth progressed. He spent the last year of his sentence in the prison hospital, confused and disoriented.
[18]
 Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the Federal Correctional
Institution at Terminal Island in California, to serve his one-year misdemeanor sentence. He was paroled on
November 16, 1939, spent a short time in a hospital, then returned to his home in Palm Island, Florida. [citation
needed]

Physical decline and death

This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may
be challenged andremoved. (January 2010)

Capone's control and interests within organized crime diminished rapidly after his imprisonment, and he was no
longer able to run the Outfit after his release. He had lost weight, and his physical and mental health had
deteriorated under the effects of neurosyphilis. He often raved about Communists, foreigners, and George
Moran, who he was convinced was still plotting to kill him from his Ohio prison cell.

On January 21, 1947, Capone had a stroke. He regained consciousness and started to improve but contracted
pneumonia on January 24. He suffered a fatal cardiac arrest the next day.

Capone was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, in Chicago's far Southwest Side between the graves of his
father, Gabriele, and brother, Frank. However, in March 1950, the remains of all three family members were
moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois, west of Chicago.

In popular culture

One of the most notorious American gangsters of the 20th century, Capone has been the subject of numerous
articles, books, and films. Capone's personality and character have been used in fiction as a model for crime
lords and criminal masterminds ever since his death. The stereotypical image of a mobster wearing a blue
pinstriped suit and tilted fedora is based on photos of Capone.[19] His accent, mannerisms, facial construction,
sometimes his physical stature, and parodies of his name have been used for numerous gangsters in comics,
movies, music, and literature.