Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 @eacan ChemQuest Modul Analisis Bertopik SPM 2003-SPM 2017 Chemistry Chapter 2: Formulae and Chemical Equation Formula dan Persamaan Kimia Usahasama susunan oleh: 4 Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor (SMK Pesisiran Perdana) & Gm Adura Azlin Bin Ishak (Sekolah Sri Puteri Cyberjaya) Nama Sekolah Kelas To Excel in Chemistry is to Love ChemistryChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 3.1 Relative atomic mass and Relative molecular mass Jisim atom relatif dan Jisim molekul relatif [SPM13-13] Why carbon-12 was chosen as a reference standard for relative alomic mass and relative molecular mass? ‘Mengapakah karbon-12 telah aipilin sebagai rujukan plawai untuk jisim atom relatif dan jisim motekul relatit? A Carbon has three isotopes Carbon mempunyal tiga isotop B Carbon is non-metal element ‘Karbon merupakan unsur bukan fogam © Carbon is a solid and easier to be handle Karbon adalah pepejal dan lebih senang dikendalikan D_ Carbon is located in Group 14 in the Periodic Table of Elements Karbon terletak dalam Kumpulan 14 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur 2, [SPM15-35] Eight atoms of element X has the same mass as two atoms of Tellurium, Te. What is the relative atomic mass of X? [Relative atomic mass: Te = 128] Lapan atom unsur X mempunyai sim yang sama dengan dua atom Telurium, Te. Berapakah jisim atom relatif X? [isim atom relatit: Te = 126) A 8 B 16 c 32 DO 64 3. [SPM11-06] The average mass of a magnesium atom is 24 times greater than % of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. What is the relative atomic mass of magnesium? Purata jisim satu atom magnesium adalah 24 kali lebih besar daripada jisim satu atom karbon-12. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi magnesium? A 2 B 12 c 24 DO 48 4, [SPM06-37] The chemical formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate({II) is KsFe(CN)s. ‘What is its relative formula mass? [Relative atomic mass: C=12, N=14, K=39, Fe=56] Formula kimia bagi kalium heksasianoferat(Iil) adalah KsFe(CN)e Berapakah jisim formula relatiinya? Visi atom relatif: C=12, N=14, K=39, Fe=56] A 121 B 199 c 251 D329 5, [SPM08-44] The mass of three atoms of element X is equal to the mass of four carbon atoms. X is not the actual symbol of the element. What is the relative atomic mass of element X? [Relative atomic mass of C=12] visim tiga atom bagi unsur X adalah sama dengan jisim empat atom karbon. X bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu. ‘Apakah jisim atom relative bagi unsur X? [Jisim atom relatif: C= 12] Ae ag B 26 ic 16 D1] 6. [SPM09-37] The relative molecular mass of Ma(SO.)s is 342. What is the relative atomic mass of element M? [Relative Atomic Mass : O=16, S=22] Jisim molekul relative bagi M2(SO.)3 ialah 342. Berapakah jisim atom relative bagi unsur M? [Uisim atom relat. O=16, S=22] A 27 B 54 c 118 D123Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 7. [SPM10-03] The proton number of atom R is 14 and its relative atomic mass is 28. Which statement is correct about R? Nombor proton bagi atom R ialah 14 dan jisim atom relatifnya iatah 28. Pemyataan manekah yang bet! enfang R? The mass of 1 atom Ris 28 g visim bagi 1 atom R ialah 28 g B The molar mass of Ris 28 g mot" Jisim molar bagi R ialah 28 g mor" © 14g of Roontains 6.0 x 10” atoms R mengandungi 6-0 x 10” atom D_ Atom R has 14 protons, 14 electrons and 28 neutrons ‘Atom R mempunyai 14'proton, 14 elektron dan 28 neutron 8, [SPM04-38] A compound with formula XoCOs has a relative formula mass of 138, What is the relative atomic mass of X? [Relative atomic mass: C=12 and O= 16] ‘Satu sebatian berformula X2CO2mempunyai jisim formula relatit 138. Berapakah jisim atom relatit bagi X? [isi atom relatit: C=12 and O=16] A 39 c 7 B69 Dd tto 3.2 The Mole and the Number of particles Bilangan Mol dan Bilangan Zarah 9. [SPM17-21] Diagram 4 shows a cooking gas cylinder. Rejah 4 menunjukkan sebuah silinder gas memasak. 1 mol of butane gas 1 mol gas butana ~ f = Diagram 4 / Rajah 4 How many hydrogen atoms are there in the cylinder? (Avogadro constant: 6-02 x 10] Berapakah bilangan atom hidrogen yang terdapat di dalam silinder itu? [Pemalar Avogadro: 6 02 x 10" A 1x6-02 x 10% B 2x602x10% © 8x602x 10" D 10x6-02x 10% 10. [SPM15-02] What is the meaning of Avogadro constant? ‘Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pemalar Avogadro? A Mass of one mole of a substance Jisim bagi satu mol bahan B Pressure of one mole of a substance Tekanan bagi satu mol bahan C Volume occupied by one mole of gas Isi padu yang dipenuhi oleh satu mo! gas D_ Number of particles in one mole of a substance Bilangan zarah dalam satu mo! bahan1. 1. 42, 13. 14. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPIM12-06] Which of the following particles equal to 1 mole? Antara zarah yang berikut, yang manakah bersamaan dengan 1 mol? ‘A The number of atom in 1 g of hydrogen gas Bilangan atom dalam 1 g gas hidrogen B The number of molecule in 1 g of hydrogen gas Bilangan motekul dalam 1 g gas hidrogen © 6.02 x 10°° of hydrogen atoms in hydrogen gas 6.02 x 10%? atom hidrogen dalam gas hidrogen D —_6.02x 10 of hydrogen molecule in hydrogen gas 6.02 x10” molekul hidrogen dalam gas hidrogen [SPM06-04] Which of the following statements is true for one mole of a substance? Antara pemnyataan berikut, yang manakah benar bagi satu mol bahan? ‘A 1 mol of copper contains 6.02 x 10°° molecules 1 mol kuprum mengandungi 6.02 x 10°? molekul B 1 mol of oxygen gas contains 6.02 x 10 atoms 1'mol gas oksigen mengandungi 6.02 x 10” atom © 1 mol of water contains the same number of atoms as in 12g of carbon-12 1 mol air mengandungi bilangan atom yang sama dengan blangan atom dalam 12 g karbon-12 D1 mol of carbon dioxide contains the same number of molecules as the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 1 mol karbon dioksida mengandungi bilangan molekul yang sama dengan bilangan atom dalam 129 karbon-12 [SPIM16-48] What is the number of nitrate ions, NO in 2 mol of iron(tll) nitrate, Fe(NOs)s? [Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 10°° mot" Berapakah bilangan ion nitrat, NOs dalam 2 mol ferum(ll) nitrat, Fe(NO3):? [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 10°? mot} A 1,204. x 10% ic) 3.010 x 10% B 1.806 x 10% D 3.612 x 10" [SPM09-44] Which substance contains the same number of atoms as in 12 g of carbon? [Relative atomic mass: 2, O=16, Mg=24, S=32] Bahan manakah yang mengandungi bilangan atom yang sama dengan 12g karbon? Wisi atom relatit: H#=1, C=12, O=16, Mg=24, S=32] A 2. of hydrogen © 22g of carbon dioxide 2g hidrogen 22 g karbon dioksida B 12g of magnesium D 32g of sulphur 12.gmagnesium 329 sulfur ISPMO3-47] Which of the following quantities of substances contain 6 X 107° molecules? [Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, O=16; Avogadro's Constant= 6 X 102° mol] Antara kuantiti bahan berikut, yang manakah mengandungi 6 X 10" molekul? Visim atom relat: H=1, C=12, O16; Pemalar Avogadro= 6 X 10 mot] ' 1.8 g water ll 3.2g oxygen gas 1.89 air 3.2 gas oksigen 4.0 g hydrogen gas IV 4.4g carbon dioxide 1.09 gas hidrogen 4.49 karbon dioksida A Land ilonly © |, Ill and IV only B Illand IV only D Li tltandiv15. 16. 47. 18. 19. 20, Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM11-35] What is the number of atoms in 0.5 mol of ammonia gas, NH:? [Avogadro constant = 6-02 x 10? mol] Berapakah bilangan atom dalam 0.5 mol gas ammonia, NHs? [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 10 mot] A 6.02x10" © 05x2x6-02x 102 B 05x602x 10" D 05x 4x6.02x 10% [SPM07-03] A balloon contains 6.02 x 10” of gas particle. What is the number of moles of the gas in the balloon? ‘Sebiji belon mengandungi 6.02 x 10 zarah gas. Berapakah bilangan mol gas itu dalam belon tersebut? A 0.5 mol Cc — 3.0mol B 1.0mol D — 6.0mol [SPM07-04] One mole of a substance is defined as the quantity of a substance that contains the same number Of particles as in m g of element Y. What are m and Y? ‘Satu mo! bahan ditakrif sebagai kuantiti bahan yang mengandungi bilangan zarah yang sama seperti yang terdapat dalam m g unsur Y. Apakah m dan Y? m Y 2__| Hydrogen-1 12_| Carbon -12 14__| Nitrogen -14 16 | Oxygen-16 vom> [SPMO04-37] What is the number of molecules in 1 mole of ammonia, NH:? [Avogadro constant = 6.0 X 10° mot] Berapakah bilangan molekul dalam 1 mol ammonia, NHs? [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.0 X 10° mot'] A 1.5X10%molecules © 1.2 10 molecules B 6.0X 10 molecules D 2.4 X 10% molecules [SPM08-30] Which of the following contains 6.02 x 10° atoms? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mengandungi 6.02 x 10 atom? A 1 mol of nitrogen gas © 1 mol of ammonia 1 mol gas nitrogen 1 mol ammonia B 1 moloof chlorine gas Dt mol of neon 1 mol gas klorin 1 mol neon [SPM07-05] Diagram 2 shows three types of substances, Rajah 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis bahan. il mS ImolofliquidX 2molof solid Y 3mol of gasZ Imol cecairX — 2mol pepejal Y 3mol gas Z Which of the following is true about the substance in diagram 27 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang bahan-bahan pada Rajah 2? 1 The number of particles is gas Z is 3 x 6.02 x 10° Bifangan zarah dalam gas 2 ialah sebanyak 3 x 6.02 x 10° II Allthe substances have only 6.02 x 10” particles ‘Kesemua bahan itu hanya mempunyai sebanyak 6.02 x 10” zarah21. 22. 23. 24. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 IL The number of particles in liquid X is less than in gas Z Bilangan zarah dalam cecair X adalah kurang daripada bilangan zarah dalam gas Z. IV The number of particles in solid Y is two times greater than in liquid X Bilangan zarah dalam pepejal Y adalah dua kali lebih banyak daripada bilangan zarah dalam cecair X. A Land Ilonly © |, Iand 1¥ only B Illand IV only DL. illand tv only [SPM05-24] The diagram shows two balloons filed with oxygen gas and hydrogen gas respectively. Gambar rajah menunjukkan dua belon yang masing masing diisikan dengan gas oksigen dan gas hidrogen. 100 em of hydrogen as Which of the following statements is true about the two gases? ‘Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar tentang dua gas itu? ‘A The number of moles of oxygen gas is greater than oxygen gas Bilangan mol gas oksigen lebih besar daripada bilangan mol gas hidrogen B_ The number of moles of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas equal Bilangan mol gas oksigen sama dengan bilangan mol gas hidrogen © The number of oxygen gas molecules is greater than hydrogen gas molecules Bilangan molekul gas oksigen lebih besar daripada bilangan molekul gas hidrogen D —_The number of oxygen gas molecules is fewer than hydrogen gas molecules. Bilangan molekul gas oksigen lebih sedikit daripada bilangan molekul gas hidrogen ISPM12-40] 0.58 g flavouring substance is used to improve the taste of pineapple cake. What is the number of molecules of the flavouring substance? [RAM of flavouring substances = 116 gmot"; Avogadro constant = 6-02 x 10” mot] 0.58 g bahan perisa digunakan untuk memperbaik rasa sebiji kek nanas, Berapakah bilangan molekul bahan perisa itu? isim motekulrefatt bahan perisa = 116 g mol’; Pemalar Avogadro = 6-02 x 10 mot] A 8.31% 10 B 3.22 «1077 © 3.01% 10% D 1.20 « 10% [SPM13-40] Which of the following contains the same number of molecules as in 8.8g carbon dioxide gas? IRAM, H=1, C=12, O16, $=32, I=127] Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mempunyai bilangan molekul yang sama seperti yang terdapat dalam 8.8 g ‘gas karbon dioksida? [Jisim atom relatif: H = 1; C= 12; O = 16; $= 32;!= 127] A 36g of water © 3.29 of oxygen gas 3.69 air 3.2.9 gas oksigen B_ 25.4g of iodine D__ 96g of sulphur dioxide 25.4 g fodin 9.6 g sulfur dioksida [SPM13-49] What is the number of nitrogen atoms in 40.09 of NH.NO? [Avogadro's constant = 6.02% 10° mol: molar mass of NH:NOs - 80 gmol"] Borapakah bilangan atom nitrogen dalam 40.0 g NH.NOs? {[Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 10°? mot’; Jisim molar NHzNO> = 80 g mot") A 602x102 B 301x108 © 2atx10% D 1.51x10% smi p 6 | spat 201825. 26. 2. 28. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM04-23] The table shows the relative atomic mass of elements Y and Z. adual menunjukkan jisim atom relatif bagi unsur Y dan unsur Z. Element Relative atomic mass Unsur Jisim atom relatif Y. 80 Zz 18 Which of the following is true about the atoms of elements Y and 2? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang atom bagi unsur Y dan unsur 2? A Mass of one atom of Zis 16 g visi satu atom Z ialah 16 g B The number of protons in atom Y is 80 Bilangan proton dalam atom Y ialah 80 © Soles of Z have the same mass as 1 mole of Y 5 mol Z mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan 1 mol ¥ D The density of one atom of Ys § times that of an atom of Z ‘Ketumpatan satu atom Y adalah 5 kali ganda ketumpatan satu atom Z [SPM06-05] Table 1 shows two elements and their respective relative atomic mass. The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements. Jadual 1 menunjukkan dua unsur dan jisim atom relatit masing-masing. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar unsur it. Element Relative atomic mass Unsur. Jisim atom relati xX 24 M 12 Table 1/ Jadual 1 Which of the following is true about the atoms of elements X and M? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang atom bagi unsur X dan unsur M? A The mass of 1 mol of X is twice the mass of 1 mol of M Jisim 1 mol X adalah dua kali jisim 1 mol M B 1 mol of X has the same mass as 1 mol of M 1. mol X mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan 1 mol M © The mass of an atom of X is 24g and the mass of an atom of Mis 12g visim atom X jalan 24 g dan jisim satu atom M ialah 12 9 D The number of mole in 12g of atom X is equal to the number of mole in 12g of atom M. Bilangan mol dalam 12 g atom X sama dengan bilangan mol dalam 12 9 atom M 3.3 The Mol and the Mass of Substances Bilangan Mol dan Jisim Bahan [SPM08-38] What is the number of moles of copper) nitrate in 56.4g of copperi|l) nitrate, Cu(NO3):? [Relative atomic mass: O=16, Cu=64, N=14] Berapakah bilangan mol kuprum(i!) nitrat dalam 56.4 g kuprum(I) nitrat, Cu(NOx)2? isim atom retatit: A 0.30 mol Cc 0.45 mol B 0.32mol D 3.33 mol [SPM14-39] Which substance has a different mass from 1 mol of glucose, CsH1:0s [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O= 16] Bahan manakah mempunyaijisim yang berbeza daripada 1 mol glukosa, CsH120s? Kisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, = 16]29. 30. at. 32, 33, Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 ‘A 1 mol of naphthalene CoH C6 molof ethane, C:He 1 mol naftalena, CioHts mol etana, CsHe B_ 3mol of propanol, C3HrOH D_ 10.mol of water, HO 3. mol propanol, C2H;OH 10 mol air, HzO ISPM14-44] What is the mass of oxygen in 88 g of carbon dioxide? [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16] Berapakah jsin oksigen dalam 88 g karbon dioksida? (Jisim atom relatif C = 12, O= 16] A 16g c 50g B 32g D 64g [SPM14-48] The following equation represents the reaction between sodium and oxygen, Persamaan berikut mewakiltindak balas antara natrium dan oksigen. 4Na + = = Q -> —-2Na20 What is the maximum mass of sodium oxide formed when 11.5 g of sodium is heated completely in oxygen? [Relative atomic mass: Na = 23, O = 16] Berapakah jisim maksimum natrium oksida yang terbentuk apabila 11.5 g natrium dipanaskan dengan lengkap dalam oksigen? [visim atom relatit. Na = 23, 0=16) A 18.59 © 31.09 Bo 19.59 D 620g 3.4 The Mole and the Volume of Gas Bilangan Mol dan Isipadu Gas [SPMO7-36] If he Avogadro number is represented by the letter x, what is the number of hydrogen gas particles, Ho with the molar volume of 24 dm? mol' at room temperature and pressure? vika pemalar Avogadro diwakili olen huruf x, berapakah bilangan zarah gas hidrogen, Ho, yang mempunyai isipadu molar 24 dm’ mot" pada suhu dan tekanan bilk? A x c x Bo x DO 4x [SPM07-36] Which of the following gases contains 0.4 mol of atoms at room temperature and pressure? [1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm? at room temperature and pressure] Antara gas berikut, yang manukah mengandungi 0.4 mol atom pada suhu dan tekanan bilik? [1 mol gas menempati isi padu sebanyak 24 dm’ pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] A 48dm?He Cc — 48dm?sos Bo 4.8dm* He D 4.8.dm* coe ISPM13-42] 3.2 g of gas X occupies 1120 cm? at standard temperature and pressure(STP) What is the relative molecular mass of X? [Molar volume of gas at STP = 224 dm? mot] 3.2 g gas X menempati 1120 cm’ pada suhu dan tekanan piawai(STP) Berapakah jisin molekul relat bagi X? [isi padu molar gas pada STP 224 dm? mot] ete OG B32 D034, 36. 36. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM11-21] Diagram 4 shows two types of gases filled in two balloons. Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua jenis gas yang diisi ke dalam dua bij belon, 32 g of 2g of oxygen gas hydrogen gas 32.8 gas 2g gas oksigen hidrogen Diagram 4/Rajah 4 Which statement is correct about the number of particles in oxygen gas? [Relative atomic mass : H 16] Pemyataan manakah yang betul tentang bilangan zarah dalam gas oksigen? isin atom relatit: H= 1, O= 16] A Same as in hydrogen gas ‘Sama seperti dalam gas hidrogen B More than in hydrogen gas Lebih banyak daripada dalam gas hidrogen C Two times more than in hydrogen gas Dua kali lebih banyak darjpada dalam gas hidrogen D 16 times more than in hydrogen gas 16 kali lebih banyak darjpada dalam gas hydrogen [SPM05-39] The picture shows a water disposal site. The activity of microorganisms in the waste produces methane gas. Gambar menunjukkan suatu kawasan pelupusan sampah. Aktiviti mikroorganisma di kawasan itu telah menghasilkan gas metana. 18 dm» of methane gas What is the mass of methane gas produced? [Relative atomic mass: 2; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm’ at room temperature and pressure} Berapakah jisim gas metana yang terhasil? isim atom relatit: H=1, C=12; 1 mol gas menepati 24 dm? pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] A 129 c 2tg Bo 16g D279 ISPMO09-48] How many molecules are there in 150 cm? of carbon dioxide, CO2 at room conditions? [Avogadro's constant, 6.02 X 102° mol“; Molar volume of gas, 24 dm? mot at room conditions} Borapakah bilangan molekul 150 cn Karbon dioksida, CO> pada keadaan bik? [Pemalar Avogadro: 6.02 X 10” mol"; Isipadu molar gas, 24 dm? mor’ pada keadaan bilik] A 3.76X10% ic) Bo 3.76 X 10% DChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 3.5 Chemical Formulae/ Formula Kimia 37. [SPN12-18] Which chemical formula is correctly named according to the IUPAC nomenclature system? Formula kimia manakah yang dinamakan dengan betul berdasarkan sistem penamaan IUPAC? Chemical forma Name Formula kimia Nama A magnesium oxide ee ‘magnesium oksida 8 sulphur oxide = ‘sulfur oksida c a ‘carbon oxide karbon oksida D iton oxide ioe ferum oksida 38, [SPM08-36] Which compound has the correct formula? Sebatian manakah yang mempunyai formula yang betul? ‘Compound Formula ‘Sebatian Formula A fed Ba(NOs)2 8 Pumbunt) ofsia P00: 39. [SPM17-38] Diagram 16 shows the composition ofa coral reef. Rajah 16 menunjukkan komposisi suatu terumbu karang. Element | Mass (=) Unsur | disim (s) x | 500 *, 0 y | 150 s “ z 60-0 Diagram 16/ Rajah 16 What is the empirical formula of the compound in the coral reef? [Relative atomic mass :X = 40; ¥ = 12:2 = 16] Apakah formula empirik bagi sebatian dala Diagram 16/ Rajah 16 Nisim atom relatif. X = 40; Y = 12; Z= 16) A XYZ B XYZ3 c XYZ4 D XYZ SMK PRSISIRAN PERDANA 10 Meal Fazal Mold Nor | SPM 2018Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 40. [SPM18-07] Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Rejah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida, _lid “Penutup Crucible Magnesium ribbon ‘Mangkuk pijar Pita magnesium Heat Panaskan’ Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 ‘Which step is correct to ensure the magnesium ribbon burnt completely? Langkah manakah yang betul untuk memastikan pita magnesium itu terbakar dengan lengkap? A Raise the crucible lid once in a while during heating Buka penutup mangkuk pijar sekali-sekala semasa pemanasan B Heat the magnesium ribbon strongly in the crucible without its lid Panaskan pita magnesium itu dengan kuat dalam mangkuk pjar tanpa penutupnya © Cover the crucible with its id as soon as the magnesium ribbon starts burning Tutup mangkuk pijar dengan penutupnya sebaik sahaja pita magnesium itu mula terbakar D__ Repeat the process of heating, cooling and weighing until a constant mass is obtained Ulang proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan sehingga jisim tetap diperoleh 44. [SPM06-06] Which of the following set ups of apparatus is correct to prepare hydrogen gas? Antara susunan radas berikut, yang manakah betul untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen? _ Thistle funnel c nate Late a Corong tse! + Hydrogen gas ‘orong tse! \ Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen Gas hidrogen Hydrochloric Hydrochloric acid solution acid solution Laraan inwan aiid hdroklork =] _ zine ‘sid Mdrokort ine Zink oa el D Thistle funnel ee Hydrogen gas Corong tise! Hydrogen gas Corong tive Gas hidrogen > Gas hidrogen Hydrochloric Hydrochloric acid solution acid solution Larwan run sid hidroklorik Zine sid hidroklorik SF Zine Zink onChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 42. [SPM03-02] Diagram 2 shows the set up of the apparatus to determine the empirical formula of a metal oxide. Rejah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empiric suatu oksida logam. Dry hydrogen gas ‘i Gas hydrogen kering ly Metal Oxide (Oksida fogam Heal/ Panaskan Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 Which of the following metal oxide is suitable to be used in Diagram 2? Antara oksida logam berikut, yang manakah sesuai digunakan dalam Rajah 2? A Zinc oxide © Aluminium oxide Zink oksida ‘Aluminium oksida B Magnesium oxide D —_Copperill) oxide ‘Magnesium oksida ‘Kuprum(i) oksida 43. [SPM03-15] Diagram 4 shows the set up of apparatus in an experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of lead Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida plumbum, Oxide of lead Thistle funnel —> Delivery tube ICombustion tube +— Dilute sulphuric acid Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Which of the following is not correct in the set-up of apparatus for this experiment? Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan kesilapan pemasangan radas bagi eksperimen ini? ' No Bunsen burner lil Position of the thistle funnel Tiada penunu Bunsen Kedudukan corong tise! I Fixing of the cork IV Position of the delivery tube Pemasangan gabus Kedudukan salur penghantar A Landill only © |, tand tt only Bland IV only DL land tv only 43. [SPM16-30] Diagram 9 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of lead(!!) oxide. Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik plumbum(I)) oksida. nao Dey byioen a fering | Ponte Diagram 9/Rajah 945. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 Which statement explains why the method is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Penyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kaedah ini tidak sesuai untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida? ‘A Magnesium burns vigorously in oxygen ‘Magnesium terbakar dengan sangat cergas dalam oksigen B Magnesium explodes when itis heated ‘Magnesium meletup apabila dipanaskan © Magnesium is more electropositive than lead ‘Magnesium lebih elektropositif daripada plumbum D Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen ‘Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada hidrogen |. [SPM11-07] Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copperi|l) oxide. Rejah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(|l) oksida, Copper(Il) oxide Combustion tube Kuprum(\t) oksida — Tiub pembakaran Dry hydrogen —== gas Gas hidrogen Porcelain dish teat ‘ering Piring porselin Panaskan Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 ‘The dry hydrogen gas must be flowed through the apparatus for several minutes before heating the copperitI) oxide. What is the reason for this action to be taken? Gas hidrogen kering mesti dialirkan melalui radas untuk beberapa minit sebelum pemanasan kuprum(Il) oksida, Apakah sebab tindakan ini diambil? ‘A To ensure all the copper(ll) oxide has changed into copper Untuk memastikan semua kuprumi({l) oksida telah bertukar kepada kuprum B To ensure all air has been removed so that explosion can be prevented Untuk memastikan semua udara dikeluarkan supaya letupan dapat dielakkan © To prevent copper from reacting with air to form coppertll) oxide Untuk mengelakkan kuprum daripada bertindak balas dengan udara bagi membentuk kuprum(Il) oksida D —__Toprevent the water from flowing towards the hot porcelain dish and cracks the combustion tube Untuk mengelakkan air daripada mengalir ke arah piring porselin yang panas dan meretakkan tiub pembakaran [SPM06-07] The empirical formula of copper oxide is determined by its reaction with hydrogen. The heating, Cooling and weighing steps are repeated several times but a constant mass of the product is still not obtained Which of the following can be done to get a constant mass of the product? Formula empirik kuprum oksida ditentukan dengan tindak balasnya dengan hidrogen. Langkah pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang beberapa kali tetepi jisim hasil yang tetap masih tidak diperolehi, Antara yang berikut, yang manakah boleh dilakukan untuk mendapat jisim hasil yang tetap? ‘A During heating, dry hydrogen gas is passed through ‘Semasa pemanasan, gas hydrogen kering dialirkan B During cooling, dry hydrogen gas is passed through ‘Semasa penyejukan, gas hydrogen kering dialirkan During weighing, the combustion tube must be stoppered ‘Semasa penimbangan, tabung pembakar perlu disumbat D During heating, excess hydrogen gas is burnt ‘Semasa pemanasan, gas hydrogen berlebihan dibakar46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM09-03] Which compound has the empirical formula of CH:0? ‘Sebatian manakah yang mempunyai formula empirik CH.O? A HCOOH © CH;COOCH: B CH:COOH DB HCOOG:Hs [SPMO05-40] 5 g of element X reacted with 8 g of element Y to form a compound with the formula XY, What is the relative atomic mass of element X? [Relative atomic mass of Y=80] 5 g unsur X bertindak balas dengan 8 g unsur Y untuk membentuk sebatian yang mempunyai formula XY>. Berapakah jisim atom relatif unsur X? [Jisim atom relatif Y=80] A 2 Cr) Bo 40 D too [SPM13-41] A compound of magnesium nitrite contains 72 % of magnesium and 28 % of nitrogen. What is the empirical formula of magnesium nitrite? [Relative atomic mass: N = 14; Mg = 24] ‘Suatu sebatian magnesium nitrit mengandungi 72% magnesium dan 28% nitrogen. Apakah formula empirik bagi magnesium nitrit? [disim atom relatit. N = 14; Mg = 24) ‘A. MgN2 CC MgzNs B Mg:N D Mg:No [SPM09-38] A sample of iron oxide contains 5.6 g of iron and 2.4 g of oxygen. What is the empirical formula of this compound? [Relative atomic mass: O=16, Fe=56] ‘Suatu sampel ferum oksida mengandungi 5.6 g ferum dan 2.4 g oksigen. Apakah formula empirik bagi sebatian ini? [Jisim atom relatif: O=16, Fe=56] A FesOs C Fed B Fe.0s D FeO ISPM04-41] The table shows the mass of elements M and O in an oxide, and the relative atomic mass of elements M and O. adual menunjukkan jisim bagi unsur M dan O dalam sebatian oksidanya dan jisim atom relatif bagi unsur M dan unsur O. Element Unsur elses Massig Jisim 56 | 24 Relative atomic mass sim relatif atom eo jE ‘The empirical formula for oxide of M is Formula empirik bagi oksida M ialah A NOs c om Bo MO De Mo} [SPM03-43] Stainless steel used to make surgical scalpels contains 71.5% iron, 18.0 % chromium, 8.0 % nickel, and 2.5 % other elements. If the mass of surgical scalpels is 60.0 g, what is the mass of iron in it? Kelull nirkarat yang digunakan untuk membuat pisau pembedahan mengandungi 71.5% ferum, 18.0 % kromium, 8.0 % nikel, and 2.5 % unsur unsur lain. Jika jisim suatu pisau pembedahan ialah 60.0 g, berapakah jisim ferum didalamnya? A 489 c 4299 By pee ats52. 53. 54, 56, 56. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM16-39] 0.40 g X metal reacts with fluorine to produce 0.78 g of X fluoride. What is the empirical formula of the X fluoride? [Relative atomic mass: F = 19; X = 40] 0.40 g logam X bertindak balas dengan fluorin untuk menghasilkan 0.78 g X fluorida. Apakah formula empirik bagi X fluorida itu?[Jisim atom relatif: F = 19; X = 40] xe Cg ce es [SPM14-07] The molecular formulae of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphate are Ca(NOs)s and K:PO. respectively. What is the molecular formula of calcium phosphate? Formula molekul bagi kalsium nitrat dan kalium fosfat adalah Ca(NO:)> dan KsPOs masing-masing. Apakah formula molekul bagi kalsium fosfat? A CaPO. © CaxPO.)s Bo Ca:POs BD CaxPO.)2 [SPM05-25] The formula for a sulphate ion is SO and for a nitrate is NO=-. If the formula of the sulphate salts of Mis MSOc, what is the formula of the nitrate salt of M? Formula bagi ion sulfat adalah SO” dan ion nitrat adalah NOs. Jika formula garam sulfat bagi M ialah MSOs, apakah formula garam nitrat bagi M? A MINOs © — MINO;)2 B MANO: BD M(NOs)s [SPM16-22] The reaction between aluminium and iron(Ill) oxide produce iron and substances X. What is the chemical formula of X? Tindak balas di antara aluminium dengan ferum(IIl) oksida menghasilkan ferum dan bahan X. Apakah formula kimia bagi X? i Ad) © AbO: Bo AIO: D Abo: Calculation of Percentage [SPM16-37] Diagram 12 shows the structural formula of compound T. Rajah 12 menunjukkan formula struktur satu sebatian T. Diagram 12/Rajah 12 ‘What is the percentage of carbon by mass in compound T? [Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12] Berapakah peratus jisim karbon dalam sebatian T? (isin atom relat: H= 1; C= 12] A 209% cc 82.76% Bo 21.42% D 85 71%87. 59. 60. 61. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 ISPM15-36] What is the percentage composition by mass of water in hydrated iron({l) sulphate, FeS0..7H:07 [Relative atomic mass: H = 1,0 16, S = 32, Fe = 56] Berapakah peratus komposisiisim bagi air dalam ferum(l) sulfat terhidrat, FeSO..7H.0? Aisin atom relatit: H = 1,0= 16, S = 32, Fe = 56] A 9.00% Cc 45.32% Bo 14.12% D 71.20% [SPNM10-46] Ammonium sulphate is used as a fertilizer. What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate?[Relative atomic mass : H =1; N=14; O = 16; S = 32] Ammonium suifat digunakan sebagai baja. Berapakah peratusan nitrogen mengikut jisim dalam ammonium sulfat. [Jisim atom relatif: H = 1; N= 14; O = 16; $= 32] A 106% c 13.3% BE tose De ate) 3.6 Chemical Equation/ Persamaan Kimia [SPM10-04] The following equation represents a reaction, Persamaan berikut mewakili satu tindak balas, CulOH)2(@) #2 HNOs(aq) > CulNO2 (aq) + 24:0 (9 CulOH)s(p) +2HNO3(ak) — > CulNOs)2(ak) + 24:0 (ce) What are the reactants in this equation? Apakah bahan-bahan tindak balas dalam persamaan ini? A Copperili nitrate and water © Copper) hydroxide and nitric acid ‘Kuprum(t) nitrat dan air ‘Kuprum(tl) hidroksida dan asid nitrik B_ Copper) nitrate and nitric acid D_ Copper) hydroxide and copper(I!) nitrate ‘Kuprum(t))nitrat dan asia ritrik ‘Kuprum(tl) hidroksida dan kuprum() nitrat [SPM09-02] Which chemical equation is correctly balanced? Persamaan kimia manakah yang diseimbangkan dengan betul? A K#OQ+kO © Zn+HCl— ZnCh + He Bo K+Ck—KCI D Zn +H2S04— ZnSO; + H> [SPM14-03] The following equation represents a chemical reaction. Persamaan berikut mewakili satu tindak balas kimia, NaxCOxaq) + CaCh(ag) > CaCOxs) + —-2NaCl(ag) NaCO{ak) + CaCh(ak) > CaCOxp) + — 2NaCl(ak) Which statement is correct? Penyataan manakah yang betul? A Two moles of sodium carbonate react with one mole of calcium chloride Dua mol natrium karbonat bertindak balas dengan satu mol kalsium klorida B The products are calcium carbonate precipitate and sodium chloride solution Hasil tindak balas ialah mendakan kalsium karbonat dan larutan natrium klorida © The reactants are solid sodium carbonate and calcium chloride solution Bahan tindak balas ialah pepejal natrium karbonat dan larutan kalsium klorida D Two moles of calcium carbonate and one mole of sodium chloride are formed Dua mol kalsium karbonat dan satu mol natrium Klorida terbentuk62. 63. 64. 65. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM15-37] The decomposition of lead(t!) nitrate produces lead(|l) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction? Penguraian plumbum(|l) nitrat menghasikkan plumbum({) oksida, nitrogen dioksida dan oksigen. Antara yang bberikut, yang manakah persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas berikut? PD(NO:)2 —+ Pb0> + 2NO + 0» PD(NOs)2 PbO + 2NO + Os 2PD(NO:)2 + 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 3PD(NOs)2- 3PbO2 + 6NO>, + Os voor [SPM14-43] The reaction between barium chloride solution and lead(II) nitrate solution produces lead(Il) chloride and barium nitrate. Which ionic equation represents the reaction? Tindak balas antara larutan barium klorida dan larutan plumbum(tt) nitrat menghasilkan plumbum({l) klorida dan barium nitrat. Persamaan ion yang manakah mewakili tindak balas itu? A Pb = NOs > —PB(NOs)2 Be Abe Cie ebckl Cc Bat + 2h > Bak. D Bat + = 2NOx > —Ba(NOs)2 Calculation Evolving of Chemical Equation [SPM17-36] The following chemical equation represents the photosynthesis process. Persamaan kimia berikut mewakili proses fotosintesis. UV light Cahaya UV 6CO> +120 = > COs So Cy Oo | Cis) What is the mass of glucose produced if 1.2 dm? of carbon dioxide gas is used? [Relative atomic mass: H C= 12; = 16; Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm? mot Apakah jisim glukosa yang terhasijka 1.2 dm* gas karbon dioksida digunakan? isim aiom relatt: H = 1; C = 12; O= 16; si padu molar gas pada keadaan bil 24 dm? mot] A 081g B 150g c 4gtg D =D 800g [SPM17-43] The following chemical equation shows the decomposition of lead\(|l) nitrate Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi plumbum(ll) nitrat. 2Pb(NO:)2 > 2PbO + 4NO> + O> ‘What is the mass of lead) nitrate needed to produce 3.6 dmr* of oxygen gas at room condition? [Relative atomic mass : Pb = 207; N= 14; O = 16; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm? mol’ at room conditions) Apakah jisim plumbumi(l) nitrat yang diperlukan untuk menghasikkan 3.6 cm® gas oksigen pada keadaan bilk? ‘isim atom relat. Pb = 207; N = 14; 0 = 16; Isi padu molar bagi gas = 24 dm’ mot’ pada keadaan bili A T4489 B 99.309 Cc 148.959 D 198.60967. 63, Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM16-50] Diagram 16 shows volcanic eruptions which release gases such as CO2, $02, Ho, steam, HS, CO and HCl. Rajah 16 menunjukkan letusan gunung berapi yang membebaskan gas seperti CO, SO2, Hz, wap air, HS, CO dan HCI. Diagram 16/Rajah 16 To simulate the eruption in the laboratory, a pupil added 12.6 g of ammonium dichromate(V) (NH4)zCroO> in a mortar and immediately ignited.The decomposition reaction of ammonium dichromate(Vl) produces three substances, chromiumiIll) oxide, nitrogen gas and steam. What is the volume of steam produced at room conditions? [Relative atomic mass: H = 1; N= 14; O = 16; Cr = 52; Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm? mot" Untuk mensinulaskan ktusan deem eka, soreng rk memesutken 126 9 emmonlum diromat( (NH)2Cr20; dalam mortar dan dinyalakan dengan serta-merta. Tindak balas penguraian ammonium dikromat(V) ‘menghasilkan tiga bahan faitu kromium({Il) oksida, gas nitrogen dan wap air. Berapakah isi padu wap air yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik? isim atom relatit. H = 1; N= 14; O = 16; Cr = 52; Isi padu gas pada keadaan bilik = 24 dm’ mot'] A 480dm* © 0.30dm? Bo 1.20dm D 020m [SPM15-44] The following equation represent the reaction between 100cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid and excess sodium carbonate, Persamaan berikut mewakill tindak balas antara 100 cm? asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dir® dan natrium karbonat berlebinan, NasCO3 + H:SO; > NasSO4 + H0 + CO> What is the volume of carbon dioxide released at standard temperature and pressure? [Molar volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure = 22.4 dm? mol] Berapakah isi padu karbon dioksida yang terbebas pada suhu dan fekanan piawai [Isi padu molar gas pada ‘Suhu dan tekanan piawai = 22.4 dm* mot] A 1.42am?" cc 448dm Bo 2.24dm D = 22.4dme ISPM12-44] The following equation represents the combustion of propane in excess oxygen. Persamaan berikut ‘mewakili pembakaran propana dalam oksigen berlebihan. CH: + 502 > 3c + 4 What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 48 cm? of propane is completely burnt? [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm’ mot" at room temperature] Apakah isi padu gas Karbon dioksida yang terhasil apabila 48 om? propana terbakar dengan lengkap? [si padu molar gas = 24 dm? mot pada suhu bilk] A 28cm? C96 om? B 48cm? D 144 em?69. 70. nm 72. 73. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM11-36] When copperi|l) carbonate, CuCOs is heated, the gas released turns the lime water chalky. What is, the volume of gas released when 0.62 g of copper(I) carbonate is heated at room conditions? [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm? mol-1 at room conditions] Apabila kuprum(ll) Karbonat, CuCOs dipanaskan, gas yang terbebas menukarkan air kapur menjadi keruh. Berapakah isi padu gas yang terbebas apabila 0.62 g kuprum(ll) karbonat dipanaskan pada keadaan bilik? isim atom relatit: C =12, 0 =16, Cu =64; Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm? mot pada keadaan bik] A 5am? Cc 240m? Bo 120m? D 360m? [SPM10-08] The following equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O> Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi hidrogen peroksida, HO. 2H:02() 20 () + O2(9) 2H:02(ce) > 2420 (ce) + O2(g) What is the volume of oxygen gas, O2 produced from the decomposition of 500 cm? of 2 mol dm? hydrogen peroxide at standard temperature and pressure (STP)? Berapakan isi padu gas oksigen, 2 terhasil daripada penguraian 500 cm hidrogen peroksida 2 mol dir® paca suhu dan tekanan piawai (STP)? (Isi padu molar gas pada STP = 22.4 dim? mot] A 11.24m* Cc — 33.6dm Bo 22.4dm? DD 44.8dme [SPM10.07] An oxide of element X has the empirical formula of X:O2. 2.24 g of element X reacts completely with 0.96 g of oxygen. What is the relative atomic mass of X? [RAM : O = 16] ‘Suatu oksida bagi unsur X mempunyai formula empirik X03. 2.24 g unsur X bertindak balas lengkap dengan 0.96 g oksigen. Berapakah jisim atom relatif bagi X? isin atom relatit: O= 16] A 112 c 2 BE og) i = oy [SPM03-37] The equation below represents the reaction to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide Persamaan di bawah mewakil tindak balas untuk mengekstrak aluminium daripada aluminium oksida 2AL0;——> 4Al + 302 ‘What is the mass of aluminium that can be extracted from 102 g of aluminium oxide? [Relative atomic mass: 7 Berapakah jisim aluminium yang boleh diekstrak daripada 102 g aluminium oksida? [isin atom relatif. O=6; Al=27] A 1359 c 54.09 B 27.09 D 108.09 [sPM03-38] XCOs _— XO + — COz ‘The equation above shows the action of heat on the carbonate salt of metal X. how many moles of XCOs are needed to produce 4.0 g of oxide X? [Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16, X=64] Persamaan di atas menunjukkan tindakan haba ke atas garam karbonat logam X. Berapakah bilangan mol CO; yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 4.0 g oksida X? [Jisim atom relatif: C=12, O=16, X=64] A 0.039 c 008g B 005g D 0.09974. 75. 76. 77. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM07-37] The following equation shows the decomposition reaction of copper(t!) carbonate when heated at room temperature and pressure, Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penguraian kuprum(|) karbonat apabila dipanaskan pada suhu dan tekanan bik. CuCOs -» CuO + CO» Which of the following is not true when 1 mol of copper(I) carbonate is decomposed? [Relative atomic mass: C= 12, O= 16, Cu= 64 and 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm? at room temperature and pressure.) ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah tidak benar apabila 1 mol kuyprum(Il) Karbonat terurai? sim atom relat: C= 12, O= 16, Cu= 64 and 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm? pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] A 1 mol of copper (I) oxide is formed 1 mol kuprum(t!) oksida terbentuk Bt molecule of carbon (Il) dioxide gas is given off 1 molekul gas karbon dioksida terbebas © 80g of copper (II) oxide is formed 80 g kuprum(l)) oksida terbentuk D —_24.dm? of carbon dioxide gas is given off 24 dm? gas karbon dioksida terbebas [SPM09-40] The following chemical equation shows the reaction between iron and chlorine. Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara ferum dan klorin, Fe + 3Ch + 2FeCly 1.129 of iron burns completely in chlorine. What is the mass of the product? [Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5, Fe=56] 1.129 ferum terbakar lengkap dalam klorin, Berapakah jisim hasiltindak balas itu? isim atom relatit: C1 = 35.5, Fe=56] A 0389 C4889 B 325g D 650g [SPM09-46] The following chemical equation shows the complete combustion of ethane gas. Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan pembakaran lengkap bagi gas etana. 2C2Hs + 702 —+ 4CO2 + 6H0 What is the volume of ethane needed to produce 2.2 g of carbon dioxide at standard temperature and pressure? [Molar mass of CO>=44 g mot’, molar volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure = 22.4 ddim? mot" Berapakan isipadu etana yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 2.2 g karbon dioksida pada suhu dan tekanan iawal? [Jisim molar CO2=44 g mot’, isipadu molar gas pada suhu dan tekanan piawai= 22.4 dim? mof"] A 0.05 dm? c 0.86 dm? B 0.10dm? DD 1.42dm? ISPM04-44] 3.2 g of copperil) oxide powder is reacted with excess dilute nitric acid What is the mass of copper(l) nitrate formed in the reaction? [Relative atomic mass: N=14, O=16, Cu=64] 3.2 g serbuk kuprum(l) oksida ditindak balaskan dengan asid nitric cair yang berlebihan. Berapakah jisim ‘kuprum(l)nitrat yang terbentuk dalam tindak balas itu? [Jisim atom relat: N=14, O=16, Cu=64] A 376g c 5.049 Bo 4.98g D 752978. 7. Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [SPM09-43] What is the minimum mass of zinc required to react with excess dilute nitric acid to produce 240 cem® of hydrogen at room conditions? [Molar volume of gas=24 dm? mot" at room conditions; Relative atomic mass: Zn=65] Berapakah jisim minimum zink yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas dengan asid nitrk cair yang berlebihan untuk menghasilkan 240 om? hidrogen pada keadaan bilik? [lsipadu molar gas =24 dim? mot" at room conditions; Jisim atom relatif: Zn=65) 055g GO ey Bo 065g D 6509 [SPM03-48] The equation below represents the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Persamaan dibawah mewakilitindak balas penguraian larutan hydrogen peroksida, 2H202(aq) = ——® 2H20(I) + Oa) Which of the following are produced when 1 mol of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed completely? [1 mole of gas occupies 24 di at room condition; Avogadro's Constant: 6 X 10” mot] Antara berikut, yang manakah terhasil apabila 1 mol larutan hydrogen peroksida terurai dengan lengkapnya? 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm’ pada keadaan bilk; Pemalar Avogadro: 6 X 10°? mot] 1 2moles of water Ml 3X 10 of oxygen gas molecules 2 mol air 3X 10% molekul oksigen 1 42dm* of oxygen gas IV 1.2X 10 of water molecules 12 dm gas oksigen 1.2X 10” molekul air A Land tlonly © Wand i only B Land lVonly D and Iv ontyChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 Structure {Paper02} 3.1 Relative atomic mass and Relative molecular mass Jisim atom relatif dan Jisim molekul relatif [sPMo6-02] (2) (What is the concept introduced by Dmitri Mendeleev to simply the idea of atomic mass and the volume of gas? ‘Apakah konsep yang dikemukakan oleh Dmitri Mendeleev untuk mempermudahkan idea jisim atom dan isipadu gas? [1 mark (ii) Based on the concept in 2 (a)(), what is the chemical symbol used to represent one water molecule? Berdasarkan konsep di 2(a)(i), apakah simbol kimia yang digunakan untuk mewakili satu molekul air? {1 mark] (i) What is the name of the isotope of an element used as a standard in determining relative atomic mass? ‘Apakah nama isotop unsur yang digunakan sebagai piawai dalam penentuan jisim atom relatif? {1 mark] (©) () Based on the concept in (2)(a)(), what is the mass of 6.0 dm* of carbon dioxide gas, CO> at standard temperature and pressure? [1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 dm’ at standard temperature and pressure; Relative atomic mass for CO = 44] Berdasarkan konsep di 2(a)(), berapakah jisim bagi 6.0 dm3 gas karbon dioksida, CO2 pada suhu dan tekanan piawai? {1 mol gas menempati 22.4 dm? pada suhu dan tekanan piawai; Jisim atom relatif CO2 = 44] [2 marks} How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm’ of carbon dioxide gas? Berapakah bilangan molekul yang terdapat dalam 6.0 di gas karbon dioksida? [Avogadro's number! Nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 10%) {1 mark] (ii) Explain briefly the relationship between the volume, mass and the number of molecules of carbon dioxide in 2 (b)() and 2 (b){i) at standard temperature and pressure. Perihalkan dengan ringkas hubungan antara isipadu, jisim dan bilangan molekul karbon dioksida di 2(b)(i) dan 2(b)(ii) pada suhu dan tekanan piawaiChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [3 marks} [sPM08.03b] (b) Diagram 3,2 shows two balloons containing oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas respectively Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan dua bij belon yang masing-masing mengandungi gas oksigen dan gas karbon 05 mol O 3. O, Ouren oO, Caton dad 9,0, J Gas karbon dioksida, CO, Balloon A —_ Balloon B Belon A Belon B Diagram 3.2/ Rajah 3.2 Based on the given information: Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi: (@) (9 Caloulate the mass of oxygen gas in balloon A. [Relative atomic mass: O=16] Hitung jisim gas oksigen dalam belon A, [Jisim atom relatif- O= 16) [1 mark] ( Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas in balloon B. Hitung isipadu gas karbon dioksida dalam belon 8. [Molar volume of gas/Isipadu molar gas=24 dm? mot’ at room temperature and pressure/ pada suhu dan tekanan ilk] [1 mark] (ii) Compare the number of gas molecules in balloon A and in balloon 8, Explain your answer. Bandingkan bilangan molekul gas dalam belon A dengan belon B. Terangkan jawapan anda, [2 marks}Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [sPM16-03] (2) Green plant undergoes photosynthesis to produce glucose. The molecular formula of glucose is CeH12Os. Tumbuhan hijau menjalankan fotosintesis untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Formula molekul bagi glukosa adalah CeH;z0:. () What is meant by molecular formula? Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul? {t mark] (id) Wate the empirical formula for glucose 1208. Talis formula empirik bagi glukosa CsH;20e, [1 mark] (il) The chemical equation for photosynthesis is as below. Persamaan kimia bagi fotosintesis adalah seperti di bawah. 6 CO2 +6 HO > CeH1206 + 6 O2 Give three information that can be interpret from the chemical equation Berikan tiga maklumat yang dapat di tafsir daripada persamaan kimia itu. [3 marks] (©) An iron nail that is exposed to air and water to form rust, hydrated ironi{ll) oxide, FexOs.H:0. Chemical equation for the reaction is as follows: Paku besi yang terdedah kepada udara dan air menghasilkan karat, Fe,Os HzO. Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas itu adalah seperti berikut: X Fe +Y¥ O2+ZH:0 > 2 Fe:0.Hz0 () Balanced the chemical equation for the reaction by determine the value of X, Y and Z. ‘Seimbangkan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas itu dengan menentukan nitai X, Y dan Z. x y z [3 marks} (ii State the number of moles of iron that is required to produce 1 mole hydrated iron(\ll) oxide. ‘Nyatakan bilangan mol ferum yang diperiukan untuk menghasilkan 1 mol ferum(ll) oksida terhidrat. [1 markChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 3.5 Chemical Formulae/ Formula Kimia IsPM12-02] Table 2 shows the empirical formulae and the molecular formulae of three compounds. adual 2 menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi tiga sebatian. ‘Compound Empirical formula Molecular formula ‘Sebatian | Formula empirik Formula molekul CH C:H.0 Cu(NOs)2 ‘Cu(NOs)2 Table 2/Jadual 2 (2) (0 State the meaning of molecular formula. Nyatakan maksud formula molekul, [1 mark (id) Relative molecular mass of compound W is 88. Determine the molecular formula of compound W. [Relative atomic mass: C=12 Jisim motekul relatif bagi sebatian W ialah 88. Tentukan formula molekul sebatian W. Lisim atom relatif C=12 ; H=]] [2 marks} (©) Write the empirical formula of compound Xx. Tulis formula empirik sebatian X. [1 mark] (©) When compound Y is heated strongly, it will decompose to form copper(l) oxide, oxygen gas and nitrogen dioxide gas. Apabila sebatian Y dipanaskan dengan kuat, ia akan terurai membentuk kuprum(Il) oksida, gas oksigen dan gas nitrogen dioksida, () State the colour of nitrogen dioxide gas. ‘Nyatakan wara bagi gas nitrogen dioksida. [1 mark] (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of compound Y. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penguraian sebatian Y. [2 marks]Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (©) Complete the relationship below. Lengkapkan perkaitan di bawah, Mass of nitrogen dioxide = Number of moles of nitrogen X. isim nitrogen dioksida dioxide Bilangan mol nitrogen dioksida Volume of nitrogen dioxide Number of moles of nitrogen X Isipadu nitrogen dioksida dioxide Bilangan mol nitrogen dioksida [2 marks} [sPM03.01] Diagram 1 shows the set up apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide, Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empiric magnesium oksida. Lia Magnes, —— Crvcible bon Diagram 1/Rajah 1 Result! Keputusan Mass of crucible + lid = 24.09 Jisim mangkuk pijar *penutup Mass of crucible + lid + Magnesium ribbon 2649 visim mangkuk pijar *penutup+pita magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide 28.09 isim mangkuk pijar *penutup+magnesium oksida (@) What is meant by empirical formula? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik? [1 mark] (b) Based on the above results, Berdasarkan keputusan di atas, (calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that have reacted, hitungkan jisim magnesium dan jisim oksigen yang telah bertindak balas. [1 mark]Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (i) calculate the mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms. hitung nisbah mol bagi atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen. [Relative atomic mass/Jisim atom relatif: O= 18, Mg=24] {1 mark] Gi) determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. tentukan formula empirk bagi magnesium oksida, {1 marky (@) write the chemical equation forthe reaction in the experiment tulskan persamaan kimia bagi indak balas dalam eksperimen it, it mark) (©. Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment? -Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pjar dbuka Sekai’ sekala semasa eksperimen djalankant? eh mark) (@) Metal X is placed below hydrogen in the reactivity series. You are required to carry out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of metal X. the apparatus provided are combustion tube, glass. tube, cork, Bunsen bumer and porcelain dish. Logam X terletak di bawah hydrogen dalam siri kereaktifan. Anda dikehendaki menjalankan suatu ‘eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empiric bagi oksida logam X. Alat radas dibekalkan ialah tiub pembakaran, sair kaca, gabus, penunu Bunsen, dan piring porselin. () Draw the labelled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment. Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas bagi eksperimen itu, [2 marks}Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (Describe the steps should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion tube has been expelled. Huraikan langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil untuk memastikan semua udara dalam tiub pembakaran telah disingkirkan. [3 marks} [sPM14-02] Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula for an oxide of copper. Rejah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida kuprum. nid ot eopper Osi rem Anlydrous eau chloride Katt Kori totam Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 (@) State the name of two reactants for the preparation of hydrogen gas. ‘Nyatakan nama dua bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan gas hidrogen. [2 marks] (b) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride? ‘Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang? [1 mark} (©) Table 1 shows the data obtained from the experiment. Jadual 1 menunjukkan data diperoleh daripada eksperimen itu. Description Penerangan ‘Combustion tube * porcelain dish ae Tiub pembakaran + piring porselin ‘Combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper aa Tiub pembakaran + piring porselin + oksida kuprum Combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper aes ‘Tiub pembakaran + piring porselin + kuprum Table 1adual 7 Mass (9) isi () Based on Table 1, calculate the empirical formula for the oxide of copper. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, hitung formula empirik bagi oksida kuprum. [Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64; O = 16}{{Jisim atom relatit: Cu = 64; O = 16Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 [3 marks} (@) How do you ensure all oxide of copper is reduced to copper? Bagaimanakah anda memastikan semua oksida kuprum diturunkan kepada kuprum? [1 mark] (©) () Can the empirical formula for magnesium oxide be determined by using this method? Bolehkah formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ini? “Th mark) (@) Give one reason for your answer in (6). Berkan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda di 2(6N) {1 mark) [sPMo7-03] (a) What is the meaning of empirical formula? ‘Apakah maksud formula empirk? it'marg (b) Diagram 3.1 shows an incomplete equation which Is one of the steps involved in determining the empirical formula. Complete this equation, Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan persamaan tak lengkap yang merupakan satu daripada langkah dalam menentukan formula empiri. Mass/ Jisim Relative atomic mass Jisim atom relatit Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1 [1 mark] (©) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for two methods used to determine the empirical formula of two compounds. Rajah 3.2 menunjukan susunan radas bagi dua kaedah yang digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi dua sebatian.Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 Method V/ Kaedah r I Method IW Kaedah I ‘Crucible id Chemical substance ‘mangha pjor pee tee ‘Chemical as substance Dry hydrogen 1 Bahan kinia ra Gas hidrogen Heat Heat ering Panaskan Panaskan Diagram 3.2/ Rajah 3.2 () Which method is suitable to use to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Kaedah yang manakah sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida? it mary i) Why did you choose the method in 3(c)()? ‘Mengapakah anda memilih kaedah di 3(c)()? [1 mark (ii) When carrying out an experiment using method |, why does the crucible lid need to be opened once a while? ‘Semasa menjalankan eksperimen menggunakan Kaedah |, mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar periu dibuka sekali sekala? [1 mark] (@) Diagram 3.3 shows the results for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of lead oxide. Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi plumbum oksida, Mass of combustion tube JJisim tiub pembakaran Mass of combustion tube + lead oxide JJisim tiub pembakaran + plumbum oksida Mass of combustion tube + lead Jisim tiub pembakaran+ plumbum 64.009 117.829 113.689 Based on diagram 3.3, determine the value of the following: Berdasarkan rajah 3.3, tentukan nilai yang berikut: [Relative atomic massiJisim atom relatit. O=16, Pb=207] (@ Mass of lead disim plumbum 9 [1 mark]Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (i) Number of moles of lead = mol [1 mark] Bilangan mol plumbum (il) Mass of oxygen a a [1 mark] Jisim oksigen (iv) Number of moles of oxygen a mol [1 mark] Bilangan mol oksigen (¥) Empirical formula of lead oxide [1 mark] Formula empirik bagi plumbum oksida [sPM09-03] Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empririk bagi kuprum oksida, uring of excess hydrogen yas Pembakaran lebihan ‘eas hidrogen Hydrogen ans Gas hidrogen —: Copper oxide ‘Kuprum oksida Antydrous cali a ehlrise Talstum torida Heat Piring porselin terhidrat Ponas Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 Table 3 shows the result of this experiment. Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu Description Mass (9) Penerangan Jisim (4) ‘Combustion tube + porcelain dish aes Tiub pembakaran + Piring porselin ‘Combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper oxide a Tiub pembakaran + Piring porselin+ Kuprum oksida ‘Combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper loos Tiub pembakaran + Piring porselin+ Kuprum Table 3/ Jadual 3 (2) () What is the meaning of empirical formula? Apakah maksud formula empirik? [1 mark (id State the function of the anhydrous calcium chloride ‘Nyatakan fungsi kalsium Klorida terhicirat. [1 mark]Chapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (©) (i) Based on Table 3, calculate the mass of: Berdasarkan Jadual 3, hitung jisim bagi Copper! Kuprum Oxygen! Oksigen [2 marks} (i) Calculate the ratio of moles of copper to oxygen atoms. Hitung nisbah mol bagi atom kuprum kepada atom oksigen. [Relative atomic mass! Jisim atom relatif, Cu=64, O= 16] [1 mark] (ii) Determine the empirical formula copper oxide. Tentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum oksida. [t mark] (©) @ Why is hydrogen gas passed through the combustion tube after heating has stopped? ‘Mengapakah gas hidrogen dialirkan melalui tiub pembakaran selepas pemanasan tamat? [1 mark (i State how to determine that the reaction between copper oxide with hydrogen has completed. ‘Nyatakan bagaimana untuk menentukan bahawa tindak balas yang berlaku antara kuprum oksida dengan hydrogen telah lengkap. [1 marky (@) () State why the empirical formula of magnesium oxide cannot be determined by using the same technique. ‘Nyatakan mengapa formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida tidak dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik yang sama, [1 mark (ii) State the name of another metal whose empirical formula can be determined using the same technique. ‘Nyatakan nama suatu logam oksida lain yang formula empiriknya boleh ditentukan menggunakan teknik yang sama. [1 markChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 Essay {Paper02} [SPM2010-07a] (@) A hydrocarbon X, consists of 82.75 % of carbon and 17.25 % of hydrogen by mass. The relative molecular mass of X is 58. Satu hidrokarbon X terdiri daripada 82.75% karbon dan 17.25% hidrogen berdasarkan jisim. Jisim molekul relative bagi X ialah 58. (Relative Atomic Massi Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, H= 1] (@ Determine the empirical formula and molecular of hydrocarbon X. Tentukan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi hidrokarbon X. [6 marks} [Trial MRSM16-09] (@) Diagram 9.1 shows the chemical bonding in a molecule of a compound present in fruits. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan ikatan kimia dalam satu molekul bagi satu sebatian yang terdapat dalam buah — buahan. CH,OH H Diagram 9.1 a a4 (State the molecular formula and empirical formula of this compound. ‘Nyatakan formula molekul dan formula empirk sebatian ini [2 marks} (i) What is the relative molecular mass of this compound? [Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12 and O = 16] Berapakah jisim molekul relat sebatian ini? sim atom relatif H = 1, C= 12 dan O = 16] [1 markChapter 03 - Chemical Formulae & Equations ChemQuest2018 (b) Diagram 9.2 shows a gas syringe containing helium gas. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan picagari mengandungi gas helium Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2 (Calculate the mass of helium gas in the syringe. [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-t at room conditions, Relative atomic mass of He Tentukan jisim gas hellum di dalam picagari tersebut. Msipadu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilk, Jisim atom relatif He = 4] [3 marks} (ii) During sport day opening ceremony, balloons are filled with helium gas. The balloons deflate after a few days. Explain the situation using Kinetic Theory of Matter. ‘Semasa majiis perasmian hari sukan, belon-belon diisi dengan gas helium. Belon-belon menjadi kempis selepas beberapa hari. Terangkan situasi tersebut menggunakan Teori Kinetik Zarah. [4 marks] © Metal Y is located higher than hydrogen in the Reactivity Series. Logam Y berada di atas hidrogen ai dalam Siri Kereaktifan Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of a Y oxide. Your answer should include the following aspects: Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida Y. Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut: ‘+ Procedure of the experiments Kaedah eksperimen ‘* Calculation of the empirical formula Pengiraan formula empirik [10 marks}