INDEX

 Section – I

 Introduction to Ayurveda
 Introduction to Dravyaguna
 Introduction to Drug Punarnava

 Section –II

 Basonym
 Vernacular name
 Synonyms a/c to different Acharyas
 Gana’s
 Nirukthi

 Section - III

 Taxonomical classification
 Habitat
 Family features
 Genus character’s
 Morphology of drug

1
 Section – IV

 Rasapanchaka [PHARMACODYANAMICS]
 Action’s
 Indication’s
 Chemical constituents
 Research work
 Pharmacological activity
 Useful parts
 Dose

 Section –V

 Therapeutic uses
 Folk medicine

 Section – VI

 Propagation &cultivation
 Trade and Commerce
 Substitutes and Adulterations
 Controversy

2
 Section - VII

 Formulations

 Section - VIII

 Conclusion

 Section - IX

 Bibliography [classical reference]

 Reference Shlokas

3
SECTION :- I

4
Introduction To Ayurveda:-

 The ultimate moto of every human is to achieve the

mÉÑÂwÉÉjÉï. These can be achieved by
acquiring sufficient knowledge about the Vedas.
 The word uÉåSÉ means ‘to know’ which is
derived from ÌuÉkSè kÉÉiÉÑ. Thus our ancient
scholars sages have paved the path of knowledge
for us in the form of uÉåSÉ.
 The AÉrÉÑuÉåïS which is considered as the
EmÉuÉåS of the AiÉuÉïuÉåS is highly regarded
in this moto. It is said that Lord Danvantari brought
this i.e Ayurveda which means -

AÉrÉÑwÉÈ uÉåS AÉrÉÑuÉåïSÈ |

(A.¾Òû.xÉÑ)

 ‘Life science’
 AÉrÉÑuÉåïS means knowledge and
understanding of life
 The main objective of the AÉrÉÑuÉåïS is

5
 xuÉÉxjÉxrÉ xuÉxjÉÉ sɤÉhÉÇ ;
AÉjÉÑUxrÉ ÌuÉMüÉU mÉëzÉqÉlÉÇ ||

 In cÉUMü, xÉѧÉxjÉlÉ 30th chapter its

explained the importance of AÉrÉÑuÉåïS as this
science deals with the maintenance of healthy
statues of the healthy person and to use the disease
of the diseased person. The AÉrÉÑuÉåïS
emphasizes more in preventive aspects.
 Though AÉrÉÑuÉåïS is ancient science which is
preferring the natural substance in the curing
process of an aliment its concepts are being implied
by modern era in the treatment aspect.
AÉrÉÑuÉåïS is more gaining its importance due
to its nature of curing diseases permanently.

6
Introduction To Dravya Guna:-

 Basically AÉrÉÑuÉåïS started as herbal

medicine, the use of mineral compounds was very
rare and crude in the beginning
 AÉrÉÑuÉåïS has A¹ÉhaÉ’s for the purpose of
treatment. For all these A¹ÉhaÉ’s SìurÉaÉÑhÉ
zÉÉx§É is needed as to treat the disease with the
help of SìurÉ.

rÉiÉ¶É AÉrÉÑzrÉrÉÉÍhÉ cÉ
SìurÉaÉÑhÉ |

MüqÉÉïÍhÉ uÉåS rɨÉåjÉÉå AÉmrÉ

AÉrÉÑuÉåïSÈ ||
(cÉ.xÉÔ. 30/23)

In cÉUMü xÉÇÌWûiÉ xÉѧÉxjÉÉlÉ 30th chapter

AÎalÉÌuÉzÉ asks why the name AÉrÉÑuÉïS. A§ÉårÉ
mÉÑlÉuÉïxÉÑ told it as the science which gives
knowledge about AÉrÉÑzrÉÉÍhÉ that is through
SìurÉÉ’s and also gives knowledge about
AÉrÉÑzrÉÉÍhÉ i.e the drugs which hamper longevity.
7
  SìurÉaÉÑhÉ zÉÉx§É has been identified as
separated branch by pandita Narahari author of
UÉeÉ ÌlÉaÉhOÕû in 17th century
 The word SìurÉaÉÑhÉ is a compound of 2
words SìurÉ and aÉÑhÉ which deals with
systemic study of aÉÑhÉ and MüqÉï of SìurÉ.

SìurÉhÉÉÇ aÉÑhÉÉMüqÉÉïÍhÉ
mÉërÉÉåaÉÈ ÌuÉÌuÉkÉxiÉjÉÉ |

xÉuÉåïwÉÑ rÉ§É uÉhÉïliÉå

SìurÉaÉÑhÉÇ ÌWû iÉiÉç ||
(Sì.aÉÑ.ÌlÉ)

SìurÉaÉÑhÉ zÉÉx§É is science which deals

with the analysis of the properties MüqÉï, aÉÑhÉ,
mÉërÉÉåaÉ of all SìurÉ which might be either
AÉWûÉU or AÉæwÉkÉ.

8
INTRODUCTION TO THE DRUG
This plant is considerd to be dry during summer
and which recurs during autumn according to sounak.
Punarnava is an important herb with excellent
therapeutic utility in sotha.
Though modern research now and then reported it
as diuretic it is not emphasized for mutrala purpose in
the major ayurvedic texts.
It is also appreciated as a rasayana drug in the
literature.
Except in the context of vayastapana group charaka
quoated two types
1.punarnava
2.swedopaga group
In the shakavarga he described punarnava with
synonym kattila sushruta included both varshabu and
punarnava in the shakavarga .

9
NOMENCLATURE :-
a.Botanical Name – Boerhavia diffusa
(boerhavia –name of discoverer, diffusa – which
spreads or widley spreading.)
Family- Nyctaginacea.
Kula –punarnava kula

10
SECTION :- II

11
Vernacular names :-
English – spreading hogweed / horse purslene
Hindi – Lalpunarnava
Bengali- punarnava
Kannada-kommeberu, sanadika
Maliyalum- chuvanna tazutawa
Tamil- mukurattai –sivappu
Telugu- erra galijeru, atikamamidi

12
mÉrÉÉïrÉ:-

Synonyms D. SHU B. R. K. S. P.
N . N N N N N
mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ + + + + +
+ +
U£ümÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ _ _ _ -
+ _ _ -
U£ümÉÑwmÉ - -- + -- -- -- --
-
U£ümÉÑÎwmÉMü - -- -- -- -- --
- --
ÍzÉsÉÉÌOûMüÉ -- -- + -- --
-- --
zÉÉåjÉblÉÏ - -- + -
- - + -- +
¤ÉÔSìuÉwÉëÉpÉÑ -- -- --
+ -- -- --
MüÌOûssÉMü + -- + - -
+ - -- -
mÉëÉuÉ×wrÉÍhÉ -- -- -
-- -- - -- --
uÉwÉïMåüiÉÑ + -- - -
+ - + -- -
ÌuÉzÉÉZÉ: + -- -- + -- -- -

13
 -
qÉhQûsÉ + -- -- -- -- -
mȨ́ÉMüÉ + -
ÌuÉwÉblÉÏ -- -- -- + - -
- -- -
µÉåiÉ qÉÔsÉ + -- -- -
+ + + -
xÉÉËUhÉÏ + -- - -- -- -- --
-
xÉkrÉÉåÌuÉzÉåÌw -- -- - - + - --
É - - -

14
Vargas:-
AÉcÉrÉï uÉaÉï
cÉUMü uÉrÉxjÉÉmÉlÉ
MüÉxÉblÉ
xuÉåSÉåmÉaÉ
AlÉÑuÉÉxÉlÉÉåmÉaÉ
xÉÑ´ÉÑiÉ ÌuÉSÉËUaÉlkÉÉÌS
MürÉSåuÉ AÉæwÉÌS uÉaÉï
ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
kÉluÉliÉËU aÉÑQÒûcrÉÉÌSuÉaÉï
ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
qÉSlÉmÉÉsÉ ApÉrÉÉÌSuÉaÉï
ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
pÉÉuÉmÉëMüÉzÉ aÉÑQÒûcrÉÉÌSuÉaÉï
ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
UÉeÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû qÉÑsÉMüÉÌSuÉaÉï

15
ÌlÉÂÌ£ü
1.eÉÏhÉÉåïsÌmÉ pÉÔrÉ: xÉ: mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ:
xrÉÉiÉç
It will make even a old man to took young . i.e it
is a good rejuvenating agent.

2. zÉÉåiÉblÉÏ – zÉÉåjÉÇ klÉÉliÉÏ CÌiÉ |

It reduces inflammation or oedema.

16
SECTION :- III

17
Taxonomical name :-
Kingdom :- plantae
Unranked:- angiosperms
Unranked:- eudicots
Unranked:- core eudicots
Order:- caryophyllales
Family:- nyctaginaceae
Genus :- boerhavia
Species:- boerhavia diffusa.

HABITAT :-
All over india especially in Himalaya regions. Andra
Pradesh, bihar, Gujarat, jammu and Kashmir,
Karnataka, kerala, assam, tamilanadu, uttarpradesh,
madya Pradesh.

18
19
FAMILY CHARACTER :-
FAMILY CHARACTER – NYCTAGINACEA
 A diffusely branched herb, shrubs, or tree.
 Root :- stout fusiform , root stock woody,
 Stems:- 2-3 ft nlong, slender, prostrate or
ascending swollen at the nodes.minutely
hairy and some time vicid or subglabrous
often tinged with purple.
 Leaves :- rather thick, arranged in unequal
pairs at each nodes ½ to 1 ½ inch long .
 Shape :- ovate, usually white beneath base
rounded or subcordate.
 Margin :- bubundulate often pink petioles
about as long as t6he blade.
 Flowers:- minute subcapitate ,4-10 together
in small brateolate umbels forming slender
long stalked axillary and terminal panicles
bracteoles lanceolate acute perianth 1/8 inch
long.
 Fruit :- 1/8 inch long clavate rounded viscidly
glandular on the 5 broad blunt ribs.

20
GENUS:- flowers small or minute in heads or
umbels beacts minute.
Genera:- 20
Spicies:- 160.

21
GENUS CHARACTER:-
Boerhavia.
Erect or diffuse often divaricately
branched herbs. Leaves opposite , unequal ,
flowers small paniculate umbellate articulated
with pedical bracteoles small.
Often dwciduous rarely whorled and involuerate
pacieuth-tube long or short ovoid below
narrowed above the ovary. Limb funnel shaped
with slobed margin the lobes plicate stamens 1
or 2.5 cannate below exscrted filaments capillary
unequal ovary oblique stipitate ovule erect
stigma peltale.
Fruit enclosed in the ovoid turbinate or clavate
obtuse or truncate parienth-tube. Round 5
ribbed or 5 angled viscially glandular seeds. With
aduerent testa embryo hooked cotyledons.
Thin broad the outer of the larger enclosing a
soft scanty albumen.

22
BOTONICAL DISCRIPTION:-
Herbaceous diffuse root large fusiform
stem prostrate or ascending reaching 0.6 – 0.9m
long divaricatiy branched slender cylindric
thickened at the nodes minutely pubescent or
neariy glabrous often purplish leaves at each
node in unequal pairs the layer 2.5- 3.8cm the
smaller 1.3 – 2cm long both nearly as broad as
long broadly ovate or suborbicular rounded at
the apex green and glabrous above usually white
with minute scales beneath the margins entire
often coloued pink some what undulate base
rounded or subcordate petioles nearly as long as
the blade slender flowers very small shortly
stalked ooor nearly sessile 4-10 together in small
umbels arranged in slender long stalked
corymbose axillary and terminal panicles
bracteoles small lonceolate acute parienth 3mm
long ovarial part of the tube 1.25mm long
contracted above the ovary glandular vicid limb
funnel shaped dark pink with narrow vertical
bands outside stamens 2 or 3 shightly excerted
fruit 3mm long clavate rounded broadly and
bluntly 5 ribbed very glandular.

23
24
pÉåS:-a/c ÌlÉbÉhOÕû
1. U£çü mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ:- bitter cooling astringent
to the bowels useful in biliousness blood
impurities ucorrhara anaemia inflammation
causes vata.
2. µÉåiÉmÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ:-Bitter pungent heating
alterative useful in heart diseases, anaemia
inflomations astha vata and kapha the leaves
are useful in despepsia tumours enlargement
of the spleen abdominal pain.
a/c rajanigantu :-
1. raktapunarnava
2. shwetapunarnava
3. nilapunarnava

25
SECTION :- IV

26
UxÉ mÉÇcÉMü:-
UxÉ – qÉkÉÑU, ÌiÉ£ü,MüwÉÉÄrÉç
aÉÑhÉ - sÉbÉÑ, ¤É
ÌuÉrÉï – EwhÉç
ÌuÉmÉÉM - qÉkÉÑU
mÉëpÉÉuÉ - qÉѧÉsÉ
SÉåwÉblÉiÉ - ̧ÉSÉåwÉç zÉÉqÉMü

propert D.N BP.N M.N K.N

y R.
N
UxÉ ÌiÉ£ü MüwÉÉr qÉkÉÑ _ qÉkÉÑ
É,ÌiÉ£ü U,ÌiÉ£ü, U,ÌiÉ£ü,
MüOÒû MüOÒû
, ,
MüwÉÉr
É,
Â¤É Â¤É ÍzÉiÉ, ¤ ¤É
aÉÑhÉ sÉbÉÑ ÉÉ
ÌuÉrÉï EwhÉÉ EwhÉ EwhÉç EwhÉ

27
 _
ÌuÉmÉ _ MüOÒû MüOÕû _ _
Mü
MüTüzÉ _ uÉiÉ _ MüTüzÉ
SÉåwÉ ÉqÉMü ÌmÉ¨É ÉqÉMü
blÉiÉÉ MüTü
xÉÉqÉ
Mü

28
ACTION ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT ACHARYAS
D.N M.N R.N K.N BP.N
MÑü¹bl UxÉÉrÉ ´ÉqÉW AÎalÉSÏm SÏmÉM
É lÉ ûU ÉMü ü
zÉÉãTü ÂÍcÉMü xuÉUW zÉÉåjÉ zÉÉåjÉ
blÉ U ûU blÉ
¾ÒûkrÉ zÉÉåTü AÎalÉquÉÉiÉ zÉÉåTü
blÉ Él± MüTü blÉ
lÉÉzÉMü
MüTüW MüTüW ¾ÒûkrÉ --
--
ûU ûU
-- -- -- ÂcrÉ --

29
Indication D.N M.N R.N K.N B.N INDI
Aruchi - + - + - CATI
Sopha + + + - +
ON
Jvara - - - - -
Dipana - - - + + :-
Sotha - - - + +
Udara - + - - -
Vibanda - - - + -
Rakthapradara + - - - -
Kusta + - - - -
Kasa + - + - -

30
chemical composition :-
1. Hentriacontane
2. B-sitosterol
3. Oxalic acid
4. D-glucose
5. Punarnavoside
6. Punarnavine-1
7. Punarnavine-2
8. Boerovinones-a,b,c
9. Potassium nitrate-0.52
10. Chlorides and oils
11. Sulphate
12. Chlorate

31
Research work :-
1. The administration of punarnava for a period of 3-
6 month showed that the drug decreased blood
urea with a simultaneous increase in serum
cholestrerol and blood sugar this is altributed to
the rasayana effect of the drug.
2. The haematinic effect of the drug is reported
through a clinical study.
3. A significant diuretic activity of alcoholic and
aqueous was found in saline loaded albino rats.
4. The aqueous and acetone extracts of roots each
showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in
carrageenin induced oedema and formaldehyde
induced arthritis in albino rats. Punarnavine was
found less active than the acetone extract the
activity is similar to hydro cortisone.
5. The total alcoholic extract showed a cardiotonic
effect in perfused frog heart preparation and
anaesthetized dog heart insitu.
6. The fibrinolytic activity of boerhavia diffusa is
reparted vastava.
7. Liriodendrin exihibited significant ca++ channels
antagonistic effect in frog heart single cell.

32
 8. Seeds showed inhibitory activity against salm
typhimurium and coli
9. Ethanolic extract of boerhavia diffusa showed
alpha amylase activity in votro.
10. Punarnaside at oral dose of 25mg/ kg for 7
day stopped IUCD associated bleeding episodes in
rhesus monkey.
g) useful part :-
- whole plant
- root
- leaf
-seeds
h) qÉɧÉÉ:-
½ to 4 UÌ¨É or 2 qÉzÉ
xuÉUzÉ– 5to10ml
YuÉjÉ—1to3ml
cÉÔhÉÉï—1to3gm

shelf life :- 1 year

33
SECTION:- V

34
Amayika prayoga:
1.Sotha: kalka of punarnava is warmed and applied
externally
2.Kasa swasa: punarnava is given katuki, kiratikta
and sunti
3.Netra roga: punarnava is grained with madhu
and appied on the part externally
4.Musika visha: Internal administration of
punarnava grinded with madhu
5.Rasayana: punarnava mula is used as a rasayana
6.internal abscess:- decoction of punarnava and
varena alleviates internal abscess.
7.difficult labour:- root of punarnava lubricated
with oil is introduced in to vagina it expels the foetus.
8.vaginal pain :- pain in vagina is relived by putting
juice of punarnava in to the the vagina.

35
Folk medicine :-
1. In many parts of india different parts of punarnava
are used as folk medicine.
2. The name of punarnava it self means rejuvenation.
3. It has been used for its anti-diabetic and diuretic
properties.
4. Also used in pain rilf anti- inflammation and
treating indigestion
5. It is also has an anti-proliferative effect on some
cancer cell which means it prevents them from
spreading this anti cancer effect come from the
isolated bioactive punarnavine.
6. It is also has anti-oxidant properties and anti-
inflammatory

36
SECTION:- VI

37
Propagation and cultivation :-
It can be propagated by seeds and also through tissue
culture from stem segments being awed of waste lands
. it can grow on varity of soil.

Contraversy drug :-
 Charaka explained vrukshchira and punaranava are
two kinds but sushruta explained punarnava and in
the place of vrukshchira varshabhu explained he
told varshabhu is the synonyms of vrushchira.

38
  Vagbhata also vrukshchira and punaranava
commentators considered as vrukshchira as sweta
punarnava and punarnava is raktapunarnava .

ADULTRATION AND SUBSTITUTION :-

Market samples of rakta punarnava are after
adulterated with triauthema postula castrum two
plants are the sources of two different ayurvedic drugs
punarnava and varshabhu possibly with similar
therapeutic effects.
The two species differ widly in their stomatal indices
and palisade ratio.
Trianthema portulacostrum possessing higher values.

39
SECTION :- VII

40
ÌuÉÍzɹ ÄrÉÉãaÉÉ:-
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉɹMü YuÉÉjÉÉ
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉÌS qÉhQÕûU
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉxÉuÉ
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉqÉoÉÑ
 SzÉqÉÔsÉÉËU¹
 qÉWûÉlÉÉUrÉhÉ iÉæsÉ
 xÉÑkÉÉÌlÉÍkÉ UxÉ
 xÉÑMÑüqÉÉU bÉ×iÉ
 zÉÉåjÉblÉ sÉåmÉ
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ cÉÔhÉï
 mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉ aÉÑaaÉÑsÉ
 oÉë¼ UxÉÉrÉlÉ

41
42
SECTION :- VIII

43
conclusion :-
we get reference from many nigantus about the drug
punarnava.
Its act rasayana and in terms of adoptogenic
immunomodulatory antioxidant, hepatoprotective and
anti cancer activities.
The name of punarnava it self means rejuvenation.
 Present study indicates that roots of boerhaavia
diffusa posses antistress adoptogenic and
immunopotentiating activity.
 The results demonstrate that boerhaavia diffusa
posses antiproliferative and antiestrogenic
properties and suggest thatit may have
therapentic potential in estrogen dependent
breast cancer.

44
SECTION – IX

45
CLASSICAL REFERENCES –
pÉÉuÉmÉëMüÉzÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
kÉluÉiÉËU ÌlÉbÉhOÒ
UÉeÉÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû
MæürÉSåuÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒ
zÉÉåQûsÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒ
qÉSlÉmÉÉsÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒ
zÉÉÍsÉaÉëÉqÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒ
ÌlÉbÉhOÒ AÉSzÉï

OTHER CLASSICAL REFERENCES-

lÉÉqÉÂmÉ ÌuÉSlrÉlÉ- P.V.Sharma
SìurÉaÉÑhÉ xÉÔ¨ÉqÉÉsÉ- J.L.N.Shasthry
Plant of pÉÉ.ÌlÉ _ Prof K.C.Chenekar
Classical uses of Medicinal Plant – P.V.Sharma
Data base Indian Medicinal plants – G.S.Levekar
Indian Meteria Medica and Indian Medicinal Plants
– L r.Colonel ,
46
K.R.Keertikar,

Major B.D.Basu.

47
WEB-SITE ADDRESS –
www.himalayawellness.com
www.japsonline.com
www.medindia.com
www.stuartrchange.com
www.etholeaflets.com

48
zsÉÉåZÉ:-

mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉ µÉåiÉqÉÔsÉÉ zÉÉåjÉÉblÉÏ

SÏbÉïmȨ́ÉMüÉ|
MüOÒû MüwÉÉrÉÉlÉÑUxÉÉ mÉÉhQÕûblÉÏ
SÏmÉlÉÏ mÉUÉ|
zÉÉåTüÉÌlÉsÉaÉUzsÉåwqÉWûUÏ
oÉëblÉÉåSUmÉëhÉÑiÉ
mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉ AmÉUÉ U£üÉ U£üÉmÉÑwmÉÉ
ÍzÉsÉÉËUMüÉ
zÉÉåjÉblÉÏ ¤ÉÑSìåuÉwÉÉïpÉÔuÉïwÉïMåüiÉÑ
MüÉÌOûssÉMü:|
mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉÂhÉÉ ÌiÉ£üÉ MüOÒûmÉÉMüÉ
ÌWûqÉÉ sÉbÉÑ : ||
uÉÉiÉsÉÉ aÉëWûÏhÉÏ
zsÉåwqÉÌmɨÉU£üÌuÉlÉÉÍzÉlÉÏ || (pÉÉ.ÌlÉ )

EwhÉÉÌlÉ xuÉÉSÒÌiÉ£üÉÌlÉ
uÉÉiÉmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉÌlÉ cÉ |
iÉåwÉÑ mÉÉælÉÑlÉïuÉÇ zÉÉMÇü
ÌuÉzÉÉåwÉÉcNûÉåjÉlÉÉxÉlÉqÉ|| (xÉÔ.xÉÔ )

49
mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉ
GwÉpÉMåüiÉÑqÉïWûÉuÉwÉÉïpÉÔUåuÉ cÉ |
uÉ׶ÉÏMüÉå SÏbÉïuÉwÉÉïpÉÔ: µÉåiÉqÉÔsɶÉ
MüÐÌiÉïiÉ: || (xÉÉæ.ÌlÉ)

50