1 .

- ............................................................................................
............................................................................ 0000001
..................................................................................... 27 2560
.......................................................................................... 09.00 12.00 .

1. 25 ( ) 130
2. 2B

3. 4

.= a = A = I = 1
.= b = B = ii = 2
.= c = C = iii = 3
.= d = D = iv = 4
4. 2B
1

5.
6. .
7.
 1

1. lipid bilayer
. nucleolus . vacuole
. lysosome . nucleus

2.
. ribosome . gap junction
. endoplasmic reticulum . plasmodesmata

3.
. nucleosome 1 34
. flagellum microtubule 9+2
. peptidoglycan
. gap junction

4. (meiosis)

A B C D

.A B C D .A B D C
.C B A D .C D B A

5. 320 megaspore mother cell

. 40 . 80 . 160 . 320

6. electron
electrontransport system
. NAD+ . NADP+ . NADH . NADPH
 2

7. ATP

ATP ATP
mitochondria chloroplast
A ATP hexose H2O
B matrix thylakoid lumen
C ATP synthase ATP synthase
D

.B .C . B, C . A, D

8.
. glycolysis . Krebs cycle . electron transport system . fermentation

9. oxidative decarboxylation acetyl CoA

. matrix mitochondria
. FADH2 CO2
. pyruvate dehydrogenase
. pyruvate acetyl CoA

10.
. 2
.
. acetyl-CoA

.
 3

11. cellulose chitin

Cellulose Chitin
1.
2.
3.

.1 .2 . 1, 2 . 1, 2 3

12. Oligosaccharide Glu – Glu – Gal – Glu –Gal – Gal

. C36H70O30 . C36H62O31 . C36H72O36 . C41H82O41

13. estrogen testosterone

. .
. .

14. pectin cell plate

. pinocytosis . diffusion . exocytosis . active transport

 4

15.
15

1. hypotonic
2. turgor pressure
3.

. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3

16.

H (hen-feathering)
h (cock-feathering)

A B

HH
Hh A
hh B

. .
. .
 5

17. 40
10 10 40 T
R

A.
B. TtRr
C. crossing over
meiosis

.A .B .C . A, B C

18. “
( ) ”

. autosomal dominance . autosomal recessive

. X-linked dominance . X-linked recessive

19. polygenes
A.
B.
C.

. A, B . A, C . B, C . A, B C

20. hemophilia
heterozygous heterozygous hemophilia
hemophilia
. 1/16 . 3/16 . 4/16 . 9/16
 6

21.
1.
2.
3.

.1 .2 . 1, 2 . 2, 3

22. (intracellular digestion)

.
. neutrophil
. cytotoxic T cell
. enterokinase

23.
. arteriole artery
. arteriole artery
. vein venule
. vein venule

24. respiratory pigment

. . . .

25.
1. Interstitial fluid 2. Erythrocyte 3. Leucocyte
4. Platelet 5. Hemoglobin 6. Plasma

. 1, 2, 5, 6 . 1, 3, 4, 5 . 2, 3, 5, 6 . 1, 2, 3, 4

26. bicuspid
. diastolic pressure . diastolic pressure
. systolic pressure . systolic pressure
 7

27. 50 .
. 2.2 . 2.75 . 4.0 . 5.5

28. fibrinogen fibrin

. prothrombin . platelet . thrombin . vitamin K

29.
.
.
.
.

30.
. .
.

31.
.
.
.
.

32.
. IAA
. ethylene
. gibberellin
. zeatin phloem
 8

33.
. sunken stoma
.
. K+
.

34.
. cytokinin
. auxin
. abscisic acid
. gibberellin

35.
. meiosis
. mitosis
. gametophyte gamete
.

36.
.
. sclerenchyma
. cork cambium
.

37.
. secondary growth
. xylem
. bundle sheath
. secondary growth
 9

38.
1. embryo, megaspore mother cell, pollen grain 2n, 2n, 2n
2. perfect flower 4
3. embryo sac 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar nuclei, 2 synergid cells 1 egg cell

.2 .3 . 1, 3 . 2, 3

39. ovary ........... ovule ………..

. nucellus, seed coat . nucellus, integument
. pericarp, seed coat . pericarp, integument

40.
.
.
.
. endosperm

41. action potential membrane channels

+
. K channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump
. K+ channel Na+ channel Na+-K+ pump

42.

. repolarization . depolarization
. hyperpolarization .

43. hindbrain

. medulla oblongata . cerebrum . hypothalamus . thalamus

 10

44.

.
.
.
.

45.
. cerebellum . cerebrum . midbrain . pons

46.
.
.
.
.

47.

.
. eustachian
. cochlea
. semicircular canal

48.
. : : cochlea
. : : lateral line
. : : tympanic membrane
. : : epidermis
 11

49. cornea

. sclera
. retina
. fovea
. choroid

50.
. incus . stapes
. semicircular canal . cochlea

51.
. Jurassic . Triassic
. Devonian . Silurian

52.
1. 2.
3. 4.

.1 2 .2 3 .3 4 .1 4

53. /
. mitochondria–70S, –80S . cyanobacteria–80S, chloroplast–70S
. –70S, mitochondria–70S . –70S, chloroplast–70S

54. sexual reproduction

. sporulation . budding
. conjugation . binary fission
 12

55.
. chytrid
. fruiting body ascus
. basidiospore basidium
. Mucor zygospore

56. Division Lycophyta

A. 1
B.
C.
D.

.A B . A, C D
. A, B D . A, B, C D

57.
. .
. .

58.
. . . .

59. “ ”

. .
. . parental care
 13

60.
. Ape .
. .

61.

1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. excretion

. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3

62.

. .
. .

63. -
1. 2. 3.

. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3

64.

1. thyroxine 2. epinephrine 3. norepinephrine

. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3

65.
1.
2.
3.

. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3
 14

66.
. nucleotide
.
. phosphodiester bond
.

67.
. ligase
. DNA polymerase
. DNA leading strand
. 1

68. 2

(DNA template)

. TACCGA . ATGGCT . UACCGA . AUGGCU

69.
. tRNA
. mRNA
. mRNA
.
 15

70. (recombinant DNA molecule)

.
. cytoplasm
. chromosomal DNA
. 1

71.
. cambium . lateral meristem
. secondary meristem . apical root meristem

72. safranin
. vessel member . fiber
. tracheid . collenchyma cell

73.
. vessel member . fiber
. parenchyma cell . collenchyma cell

74. cortex
. . . .

75. (phloem)
. sieve tube member . parenchyma cell
. vessel member . companion cell

76. (light reaction)

. O2, , RuBP . H2O, O2
. H2O, ATP, . ATP, NADPH, O2
 16

77.
. .
. .

78.
.
. (visible light)
.
.

79.
. stroma
. Calvin cycle
. chloroplast
. 5

80.

(640 mol m-2s-1) ( 25 mol m-2s-1)

.
.
.
.

81.
. phloem
. phloem
. phloem companion cell
. phloem
 17

82.
.
.
. 96%
.

83.
.
.
.
.

84.
0.1%
0.1%
. isotonic solution
. hypotonic solution
. hypertonic solution
. isotonic solution hypotonic solution

85. 2

.
.
.
.
 18

86 87

86. 5
.1 2 . 1, 3 4
.3 4 . 2, 3 4

87. 5
.1 .2 .3 .4

88.
. spermatid
. spermatogonia
. primary spermatocyte
. secondary spermatocyte
 19

89.
. spermatocyte, Graafian follicle . seminiferous tubule, ovary
. Leydig cell, Graafian follicle . spermatogonium, oocyte

90. Y
. spermatid, secondary spermatocyte
. spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte
. primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte
. Y

91.

. .
. .

92. embryo
.
.
.
.

93. embryonic germ layer

. .
. .
 20

94. (placenta)
1.
2.
3.
. 1, 2 . 2, 3 . 1, 3 . 1, 2 3

95. (embryonic germ layer)

. zygote . morula . gastrula . blastula

96. Rhizobium sp.

. mutualism . commensalism
. parasitism . competition

97.
. .
. .

98. carrying capacity

. .
. .

99.
. condensation . evaporation
. precipitation . transpiration

100.
.
.
.
.
 21

101. biome
. .
. .

102. (eutrophication)
. DO . BOD
. .

103.

. .
. .

104.
. .
. .

105.
. imprinting
.
. habituation
.

106.
.
.
.
. complete dominance, incomplete
dominance co-dominance
 22

107.
. (pure line)
. (self pollination)
. 2
. 7

108.
. monohybrid cross = 1 . testcross = 1
. monohybrid cross = 2 . testcross = 2

109. 1
. ( ) ( )
F1 F2 3/16
. ( ) ( ) F1
F2 3:1
. ( ) ( )
F1
. ( ) ( ) F1
9/16

110. 2
. 2 2 1
. 2 2 2 2
. 4 2
. 2 2 2 2

111. genotype AABbCcDdEE (pollen) genotype

. 32 . 16 .8 .4
 23

112.
.
.
.
.

113. Multiple allele

. allele
2
. allele
2
. 2
.
2

114. incomplete dominance

. dominant recessive allele
. heterozygous phenotype
. genotype homozygous
. heterozygous phenotype 3 1

115.
. = multiple allele
. ABO = multiple allele
. = incomplete dominance
. = incomplete dominance

116.
. CaCO3 . SiO2 . MnSO4 . Al2O3
 24

117.
.
.
.
.

118.
.
.
.
.

119.
. Charles Darwin
.
.
.

120. R = 0.6 r = 0.4

. R = 0.6 r = 0.4 . R=1 r=0

. R = 0.4 r = 0.6 . R = 0.8 r = 0.2

121. neurotransmitter (T) neurohormone (H)

. T H
. T H
.T H
.T H
 25

122.
. TSH . MSH . ACTH . FSH

123.
. . . .

124. Cushing's syndrome

. . epinephrine
. glucocorticoids . growth hormone

125.
. insulin . PTH . noradrenaline . thymosin

126. STH
. cretinism .
. . dwarfism

127.
. phosphate . sodium . calcium . potassium

128. dynein
. . . .

129.
. . . .

130. pheromone
. .
. .