1543411700-0llmath-Workbook8 Answers-With-Cover PDF

MATHEMATICS WORKBOOK
(Student's Support Materials)
8
Solutions
Chapter 1
Exercise 1.1
1. (a) Let x be the additive inverse of −2
3
 −2 
∴ x+   = 0
 3 
 −2 
x=0–  
 3 
2
x=
3
Let y be the multiplicative inverse (M.I.) of −2
3
 −2 
Then y ×   =1
 3 
 −2 
y=1÷  
 3 
 3  −3
=1×   =
 −2  2
Complete the rest as explained in a.
−4 5 3 −8 −6 7 23 −8 91 −105
(b) , (c) , (d) , (e) , (f) ,
5 4 8 3 7 6 8 23 105 91
2. (a) Let x be M.I. of –15

(c) 1 × 2 = 2
x × (–15) = 1 5 3 15
x = −1 Let x be M.I. of
2
15 15
(b) Let x be M.I. of −12 ∴ x ×
2
=1
19 15
x× −12 =1 2 15 15
x=1÷ =1× =
19 15 2 2
−19
x = 1 ÷ −12 =
19 12
SM-MATHEMATICS WORKBOOK – 8 3
2 −8 (f) −2 + 3 = −2 × 5 + 3
(d) –4 × =
5 5 1 5 5
−10 + 3 −7
Let x be M.I. of −8 = =
5 5 5
−8
∴ x × =1 Let x be M.I. of −7
5 5
−8 5 −5
x=1÷ =1× = −7
5 −8 8 ∴ x × =1
1 2 3+4 7 5
(e) + = = −7
2 3 6 6 x=1÷
5
Let x be M.I. of 7 −5 −5
6 =1× =
7 7
∴ x × 7 = 1
6
6
x=1÷ 7 =
6 7
7 −2
3. (a) Commutative property of addition (b) Associative property of addition
75 3
+3 −3
(c) 0, 0 Additive identity or property of zero (d) , Additive inverse property
5 5
2
(e) 1, 1 Multiplicative identity (f) Commutative property of
3
multiplication
−5 −8
4. Reciprocal of is
8 5
2 5  −8  −16
∴ × ×  =
3 7  5  21
2 −4 7
5. Reciprocal of −2 × 6 i.e. is
3 7 7 −4
−3 ÷ 7 = +3 × +4 = 12
5 −4 5 7 35
−3 2 6 .
6. Additive inverse of × i.e. −6 is
7 5 35 35
∴
 −6   6 
 35  ÷  35 
   
∴
−6 35
× = −1
35 6
4 SM-MATHEMATICS WORKBOOK – 8
 2 3   −3 4   2 × 3 + 3   −9 + 4   9   −5 
7. (a) 2 + −3 + 4 + 3 =  +  +  +  =  +  = + 
3 7 21 9  3 9   7 21   9   21   9   21 
−5  21 + ( −5 ) 16
= 1 +   = = .
 21  21 21
2 359
(b) (c)
3 1260
4
8. (a) 1
35
 2  −4  1 2 1 4 2 −4 1  1
(b) 2 × −4 − 1 × 4 + 1 × 2 =  × 
 + × − × = ×  + −
5 7 4 3 14 5  5  7  14 5  4 3 5  7 14  3
2  −4 × 2 + 1  1 2  −8 + 1  1 2  −7  1
= × − 3 = × − = × −
5  14  5  14  3 5  14 2  3
 
= − 1 1 − 3 − 5 −8
− = =
5 3 +15 15
2  −4  4  −1   −2  4 4  −1    4  −2  −1   
(c) 4 + ×  + ×  = 4 +    × + ×   =4+  × + 
3  5  5  3   3  5 5  3  5  3  3 
4 −2 − 1   4 −3 20 − 4 16 1
= 4 +  ×    =4+ × =4– 4 = = = 3
 5  3  5 3 5 5 5 5
7 4 7 8  2 2 
 14 14 
(d) × − 4 − × = 7 × 4 − 7 × 8 − 4 =  5 − 5  − 4 = 0 – 4 = –4
2 5 4 5 2 5 4 5   

−18 −19
9. −18 ×  −19  = × =1
19  18  19 18
Yes, they are M.I. of each other.
10. x + y = y + x
2 −3   −3  2
+  = +
3  5   5  3
2 × 5 + (3)(−3) (−3 × 3) + 2 × 5
=
15 15
10 − 9 −9 + 10
=
15 15
1 1
= verified
15 15
11. (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)
 1  −2   4 1  −2 4 
 5 +  3   + 5 = 5 +  3 + 5 

 3 − (−2) × 5  4

1  −2 × 5 + 4 × 3 
  + = + 
 15  5 5  15 
 3 − 10  4 1  −10 + 12 
 15  + 5 = 5 +  15 
   
−7 4 1 2
+ = +
15 5 5 15
−7 + 4 × 3 1 × 3 + 2 × 1
=
15 15
−7 + 12 3 + 2
=
15 15
5 5
= verified
15 15
12. x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
2 −1 3   2 −1  3
×  × = × ×
3  5 7   3 5  7
2  −3   −2  3
× =  ×
3  35   5 15  7
−2 −2 verified
=
35 35
13. Yes x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
1  −3 5  1 −3 1 5
× +  = × + ×
2  4 3 2 4 2 3
1  −3 × 3 + 5 × 4  −3 5
×  = +
2  12  8 6
1  −9 + 20  −3 × 3 + 5 × 4
×  =
2  12  24
1 11 −9 + 20
× =
2 12 24
⇒ 11 11 verified
=
24 24
7  −1  −3   7  −1 3  = 7  2  7
14. (a) 7 ×  −1  − 7 ×  −3  = ×  −   = ×  +  ×  = 9 × 1
9  2  9  2  9  2  2  9  2 2 9  2 
−2   −4   −3   −4  −4  −2  −3   −4  −2 × 5 − 3 × 7 
(b)   ×  +  ×  = × +   = 9 × 
 7   9   5   9  9  7  5   35 
−4  −10 − 21  −4 −31 +124

= ×  = × =
9  35  9 35 315
3  3  −7 4   3  3  −7 × 5 − 4 × 9  
(c)  3 × 8  −  −7 × 3  +  3 × −4  = −  − = − ×
 8 10   9
 8   8 5  10  8  9  5   10  8 
  45  

3  3  −35 − 36   3 3 −71  = 3  −71 
= − ×    = −  ×  −
10  8  45  10  8 45 15  10  120 
= 3 × 12 + 71 = 36 + 71 = 107
120 100 120
 −8 2 3 7 − 16 
2
−6  −1  −6 × 2 + (−1) × 5 −12 − 5 −17
15. (a)  × + ×  = +  = = =
 5 4 8 28 4  5  2  10 10 10

7
= −1
10
−3 82 2  −5 −1  −2  −1  −2 1 −2 × 4 + 5 −3
(b) × − ×  = −  = + = = −8 + 5 =
4 15 5 5  84  5  4  5 4 20 20 20
16. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0
Exercise 1.2
1 4 5 8 9 10 11
1. (a) A = ,B= ,C= = 1 ,D= ,E= ,F= = 2, G =
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
−2 −3 −8 −10
(b) B = ,A= ,C= ,D=
6 6 6 6
2. –2 and –1
−2 −1 −20 −10 −20 −10
Can be written as and or and any five no between and
1 1 10 10 10 10
can be selected from −19 , −18 , −17 , −16 , −15 , −14 , −13 , −12 , −11 and there can be
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
many more.
−5 4
3. and . Let us first make them to equivalent rational numbers with deno. equal to
6 3
LCM of (6, 3).
LCM (3, 6) = 6
−5 4 × 2
,
6 3×2
−5 8 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 8
, there are , , , , , , , , ,
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
−5 4
R. no that lie between and and there are many more any five can be selected.
6 3
1
4. and 1
2 3
st 1 1
I no. that lies between and is
2 3
1 1 1 1 3 + 2 5
 +  =   =
2 2 3 2  6  12
∴ 1< 5 < 1
3 12 2
1 4 + 5 1 93 3
IInd No is 1  1 + 5  =   = × =
2  3 12  2  12  2 124 8
∴ 1< 3 < 5 < 1
3 8 12 2
1 1 3 1 8 + 9 1 17
IIIrd No is  +  =   = × = 17
23 8 2  24  2 24 48
1 < 17 < 3 < 5 < 1 .
∴
3 48 8 12 2
5. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
6. Five rational no less than 3 can be. 11 , 10 , 8 , 9 , 6 etc. (Answer may vary)
4 4 4 4 4
7. Five rational no greater than –2 can be −5 , −4 , −2 , −3 , −1 , 0, 1 , ... (Answer may vary)
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 3
8. 10 rational no. between and
3 4
LCM (3, 4) = 12
2 8 3 9
= =
3 12 4 12
80
and 90 will have 9 r nos only.
120 120
So, 800 900 will have 99 r. nos.
,
1200 1200
So we can write any 10 like
2 800 811 820 835 836 837 838 900 3
= < < < < < < < =
3 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 4
9.
10. There are 11 integers between –4 and 8 (–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2....7).
There are infinite many rational no. between –4 and 8.
Worksheet
1. (a) Additive inverse of –3 is 3.
M.I. of – 3 is −1
3
Sum of 3 +  −1  = 3 +  −1  = 9 − 1 = 8
 3  1  3  3 3
(b) does not exist (c) Commutative property
(d) Additive inverse (e) Multiplicative inverse
(f) Square of the number (g) –1
2
2. (a) Multiplicative Inverse of − 13 × 14 i.e –1 is –1.
7 26 2
4
7 20 −4
(b) × =
− 15 3 21 3 9
4
∴ Additive inverse of −4 is .
9 9
5 7 7 5
3. (a) + = +
8 11 11 8
l.c.m (8, 11) = 88.
⇒ 5 × 11 + 7 × 8 = 7 × 8 + 5 × 11
88 88
55 + 56
⇒ = 56 + 55
88 88
111 111
= verified.
88 88
5 3 3 5
(b) × = ×
93 15 3 15 5 9
1
= 1 Hence Verified
9 9
−8 −13  1 −8 1 −13 1
(c)  +  × = × + ×
 15 20  5 15 5 20 5
 −8 × 4 + (−13)  1 −8 13 −32 − 39 1 −8 × 4 − 13 × 3
⇒  × 3 × = − ⇒ × =
 60  5 75 100 60 5 300
−71 −71
⇒ = Hence verified
300 300
−5  8  −11    −5 8  −11
(d) + +  =  + +
8  9  12    8 9 12
−5  8 × 4 + (−11) × 3   −5 × 9 + 8 × 8  −11
+  =   + 12
8  36   72 
−5  32 − 33   −45 + 64  −11 −5 −1 +19 −11
⇒ +  =   + ⇒ + = −
8  36   72  12 8 36 72 12
−5 × 9 − 1 × 2 +19 − 66 −45 − 2 −47 −47 −47

= = = ⇒
= Hence verified
72 72 72 72 72 72
1 5 2 9 −5
4. (a) + + + + (Commutative prop. of addition)
8 12 7 7 16
1 5  −5    2 9   1 × 6 + 5 × 4 + (−5) × 3   11 
=  + +  +  +  =  + 7 
 8 12  16    7 7   48   
 6 + 20 − 15  11 11 11 11 × 7 + 11 × 48
=   + = + =
 48  7 48 7 48 × 7
77 + 528 605
= = = 1 269
336 336 336
(b) −11 + 17 − 4 + 5 (Commutative prop. of addition)

12 4 9 8
−11 4   17 5   −11 × 3 − 4 × 4   17 × 2 + 5 × 1 
=  − + +  = + 
 12 9  4 8  36   8 
−33 − 16   34 + 5  −49 39 −49 × 2 + 39 × 9
=   +  = + =
 36   8  36 8 72
−98 + 351 253 37
= = =3
72 72 72
11 −7 −8 −9
(c) × × × (Commutative prop. of multiplication)
12 8 15 11
 11 −9 3   −7 −8 −1  −3 7 −7
 ×  ×  ×  = × =
 12 11   8 15  4 15 5 20
 4
3 35 3 3
(d) × + × (Distributive property of multi over addition)
5 24 8 5
11
3  35 3  3  35 + 3 × 3  3  35 + 9  3 44
=  +  =   =   = × = 11 = 1 1
5  24 8  5 24  5  24  5 24 6 10 10
2
5. (a) – (–x) = x.
 −5    −5  −5
–  −    = −  = = x
  3   3  3
 −4  +4
(b) – ( − x ) = −   = = x
 5  5
 −6   6 −6
(c) − ( − x ) = −  −    = −  = = x
  7  7 7
−19 5
6. × =1
5 −19
Yes
7. x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z
−1  2  −1    −1 2   −1 
+ +  =  + +
2  5  3   2 5   3 
−1  2 × 3 + (−1) × 5   −1 × 5 + 2 × 2  −1
+  =  + 3
2  15   10 
−1  6 − 5   −5 + 4   −1 
+  =  + 
2  15   10   3 
−1 1 −1 1
+ = −
2 15 10 3
−1 × 15 + 1 × 2 −1 × 3 − 1 × 10
=
30 30
−15 + 2 −3 − 10
=
30 30
−13 −13
=
30 30
2 −4   −1  6
8. (a) +   +  +
3  5   6  15
 2  −1    −4  6  2 × 2 + (−1)   −4 × 3 + 6 × 1 
= +  +  + = + 
 3  6    5  15  6   15 
4 − 1   −12 + 6  3 −6 
=   +  = + 
 6   15  6  15 
3 × 5 + (−6) × 2 15 − 12 3
= = = = 1
30 30 30 10
(b) −5 + 4 + 1 + (−7)
8 9 3 16
 −5  −7    4 1 
=  + + +
 8  16    9 3 
−5 × 2 + (−7) × 1   4 + 1 × 3   −10 − 7   4 + 3 
=  +  =  16  +  9 
 16   9     
−17 × 9 + 7 × 16
= −17 + 7 = = −153 + 112 = −41
16 9 16 × 9 144 144
−13 1 5 1
(c) + − +
20 14 7 10
−13 1   1 5  −13 + 2   2 − 5  = −11  −3 
=  +  + −  = +  + 
 20 10   14 7   20   14  20  14 
−11 × 7 + (−3) × 10 −77 − 30 −107
= = =
140 140 140
2 −7 4 −15 −3 10 −3 +35
9. (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
7 2 15 4 10 3 35 3
10. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
1 15 7 15
11. (a) 3
and ⇒ and
2 6 2 6
LCM (2, 6) = 6
7 21
=
2 6
15 21
>
6 6
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
< < < < < <
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
4 3
(b) and
5 4
LCM (5, 4) = 20
4 16
=
5 20
3 15
=
4 20
15 16
<
20 20
150 160
or <
200 200
3 150 151 152 153 154 155 160 4
∴ = < < < < < < =
4 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 5
−2 5
(c) and
8 7
LCM (7, 8) = 56
−2 −14 5 40
= , =
8 56 7 56
−14 −13 −20 −23 −31 −32 40
< < < < < <
56 56 56 56 56 56 56
(d) 4 and 6.
40 and 60
10 10
40 41 42 44 51 52 60
4= < < < < < < = 6
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
−3 −1
(e) and
5 2
LCM (5, 2) = 10
−3 −6 −60
= =
5 10 100
−1 −5 −50
= =
2 10 100
−3
∴ −60 −59 −58 −57 −55 −54 −50 −1
= < < < < < < =
5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2
No, may vary in all the cases.
Chapter 2
Exercise 2.1
1. (a) x + 7 = 15 Check
x = 15 – 7 8 + 7 = 15
x = 8 15 = 15
(b) 6 = z + 5 6 = 1 + 5
6 – 5 = z 6 = 6
1 = z
4 15 4 11 15
(c) + y = + =
7 7 7 7 7
15 4 15 15
y = − =
7 7 7 7
11
= y
7
(d) 2x – 8 = 6 2 × 7 – 8 = 6
2x = 6 + 8 14 – 8 = 6
2x = 14 6 = 6
x = 7
2x 2×9
(e) = 6 =6
3 3
2x = 6 × 3 2 × 3 = 6
x = 6 × 3 6 = 6
2
x = 9.
(f) 7x – 9 = 19 7 × 4 – 9 = 19
7x = 19 + 9 28 – 9 = 19
7x = 28 19 = 19
x = 28 ÷ 7
x = 4
(g) –0.3 + 0.7x = 0.12 0.3 + 0.7 × 0.6 = 0.12
0.7x = 0.12 + 0.3 –0.3 + 0.42 = 0.12
= 0.42 0.12 = 0. 12
0.42
=
0.70
x = 0.6
 11 
(h) 3 (x – 1) = 8 3  − 1 = 8
 3 
 11 − 3 
3x – 3 = 8 3   =8
 3 
8
3x = 11 3 × =8
3
11
x = 8 = 8
3
(i) 3x – 4 = 8 3 × 4 – 4 = 8
3x = 12 12 – 4 = 8
x = 12 ÷ 3 8=8
x = 4
(j) 4(z – 3) = 16 4 (z – 3) = 16
z – 3 = 16 ÷ 4 4 × 4 = 16
z – 3 = 4 16 = 16
z = 4 + 3
z = 7
(k) 5x – 9 = 16 5 × 5 – 9 = 16
5x = 16 + 9 25 – 9 = 16
5x = 25 16 = 16
x = 25 ÷ 5
x = 5
5
3y 3 × 20
(l) – 1 = 14 – 1 = 14
4 4
3y
= 14 + 1 15 – 1 = 14
4
3y = 15 × 4 14 = 14
5
15 × 4
y=
3
y = 20
(m) 9a –13 = 5 9 × 2 – 13 = 15
9a = 5 + 13 18 – 13 = 5
9a = 18 5 = 5
a = 18 ÷ 9
a = 2
Check
2. (a) 5x – 14 = 2x –8 5 × 2 – 14 = 2 × 2 – 8
5x – 2x = –8 + 14 10 – 14 = 4 – 8
3x = 6 –4 = –4
x = 2
(b) 17x + 12 = 12x + 22 17 × 2 + 12 = 12 × 2 + 22
17x – 12x = 22 – 12 34 + 12 = 24 + 22
5x = 10 46 = 46
x = 2
(c) 0.5x + 1.5 = 0.7x – 0.9 0.5 × 12 + 1.5 = 0.7 × 12 – 0.9
0.5x – 0.7x = –0.9 – 1.5 6 + 1.5 = 8.4 – 0.9
+0.2x = +2.4 7.5 = 7.5
x = 2.4 = 12 = x
0 .2
−3  −3 
(d) 9x – 9 = 4x – 12 9 ×   – 9 = 4 ×   – 12
 5   5 
−27 −12
9x – 4x = – 12 + 9 −9 = − 12
5 2
−27 − 9 × 5 −12 − 12 × 5
5x = –3 =
5 5
−3 − 27 − 45 −12 − 60
x = =
5 5 5
−72 = −72
5 5
8 4 4 8
(e) 5m = 3m + 5 × = 3× +
5 5 5 5
8 12 + 8
5m – 3m = 4 = 5
5 20
8
2m = 4 =
5 5
m = 4 4 = 4
5
2x 7x 20 7 × 20
(f) −1 = + 3 2 × −1 = + 3
3 15 3 15
2x 7x 40 28
− = 3 + 1 −1 = +3
3 15 3 3
10 x − 7 x 40 − 3 28 + 9
= 4 3 =
15 3
37 37
3 x = 4 =
15 3 3
5
x = 20
5
(g) x = (x – 10) 50 = (50 – 10)
4
5 × 40
4x = 5x – 50 50 =
4
50 = 5x – 4x 50 = 5 × 10
50 = x 50 = 50
5 22 5 22

(h) 2y – = + y 2 × 9 – = +9
3 3 3 3
22 5 5 22 + 9 × 3
2y – y = + 18 – =
3 3 3 3
22 + 5 22 + 27
y = =
3 3
27
y = 54 − 5 = 49
3 3 3
49 49
y = 9 =
3 3
 −1 − 1 
(i) 8x + 5 = 3(x – 1) + 7 8 ×  −1  + 5 = 3  +7
 5   5 
−8  −1 − 5 
8x + 5 = 3x – 3 + 7 + 5 = 3  +7
5  5 
−8 + 25 −6
8x – 3x = –3 + 7 – 5 =3× +7
5 5
17 −18 + 35
5x = –1 =
5 5
−1 17 17
x = =
5 5 5
2 4 5 2 5 4
(j) 2m − = 4m − 2 × − = 4 × −
9 3 9 9 9 3
−2 4 10 2 20 4
+ = 4m − 2m − = −
9 3 9 9 9 3
−2 + 12 8 20 − 12
= 2m =
9 9 9
10 8 8
= 2m =
9 9 9
5
=m
9
 9  9
(k) 2 6 (4 y − 2) = 3 (5 + 3 y)
2 4 × − 2 = 5 + 3 ×
 5  5
36 27 
2 (4y – 2) = 5 + 3y 2   
− 2 = 5 +
 5   5 
 36 − 2 × 5   5 × 5 + 27 
8y – 4 = 5 + 3y 2 
5  =  5 
   
 26  25 + 27
5y = 9 2   =
 5  5
9
y = 52 = 52
5 5 5
16 12
7y 9y 48 9 × 48
(l) + 11 = + 15 7 × + 11 = + 15
3 4 3 4
9y 7y
11 – 15 = – 112 + 11 = 108 + 15
4 3
–4 = 27 y − 28 y 123 = 123
12
−y
–4 =
12
48 = y
1 14 33 1 14 33
(m) 2x – = + x 2 × – = +
2 5 10 2 5 10
14 1 66 1 14 33
2x – x = + − = +
5 2 10 2 5 10
14 × 2 + 1 × 5 66 − 5 14 × 2 + 33
x = =
10 10 10
28 + 5 28 + 33
= 61 =
10 10 10
33
x = 61 = 61
10 10 10
3. (a) x − 1 = x + 1
(e)
2x
=
9
5 2 4 3 5 − 6x 7
x − x = 1 + 1 2x × 7 = 9(5 – 6x)
4 5 3 2
14x = 45 – 54x
4 x − 5x 2+3
= 14x + 54x = 45
20 6 68x = 45
−x 5
= 45
20 6 x =
68
⇒ x = −20 × 5 = −50 = x (f) 3(5z + 2) – 2 (9z + 4) = 8(4z – 9)
6 3
15z + 6 – 18z – 8 = 32z – 72
x 3x 7 x –3z – 32z = –72 + 2
(b) − + = 24
2 5 10 –35z = –70
5x − 6 x + 7 x z = 2
= 24
10 (g) 15(y + 4) + 1(y – 9) + 5(y + 2) + 2 = 0
6x 15y + 60 + 1y – 9 + 5y + 10 + 2 = 0
= 24
10 21y + 63 = 0
4
x = 24 × 10 = 40 = x 21y = –63
6 −63
y =
8x 17 5 x 21
(c) x = 4 + = −
3 5 2
y = –3
8 x 5x 17
x + + == +4 5  1
3 2 5 2
(h) y + 1 = y+ 4
3 3  
6 x + 16 x + 15 x 17 + 20
= 2 5 5
6 5 y+1= y+
3 3 12
37 37
x = 5 5 2
6 5 1– = y– y
37 6 12 3 3
=
5 37 12 − 5 = 3 y
12 3y
6
x =
5 y = 7
x+2 x−3 12
(d) = 5 − 8x 5
6 3 (i) =
3(x + 2) = 6 (x – 3) 7x + 1 4
3x + 6 = 6x – 18 4(5 – 8x) = 5 (7x + 1)
6 + 18 = 6x – 3x 20 – 32x = 35x + 5
24 = 3x 20 – 5 = (35 +32)x
24 15 = 67x
=x
3 15
x = 8 x=
67
5(2 x − 1) + 3(4 x + 3)
5x + 5 = 25
(j) =5
4x − 1 5x = 25 – 5
4
10 x − 5 + 12 x + 9 20
= =5 x=
4x − 1 5
x=4
⇒ 22x + 4 = 5(4x – 1)
⇒ 22x – 20x = –5 – 4
2x − 7 + 5x 7
2x = –9 (l)
=
9x − 3 − 4x 6
−9
x =
2 7x − 7 7
=
x+5 x−5 25 5x − 3 6
(k) + =
2 3 6 6(x – 1) = 5x – 3
3( x + 5) + 2( x − 5) 25 6x – 5x = 6 – 3  x = 3
=
6 6
3x + 15 + 2x – 10 = 25
Exercise 2.2 x + 10 + 10 = 9 1
3 3 6
3 1
1. (x –
)× = 13 x= 9 −
1 20
=
55 − 20 × 2
2 4 8 6 3 6
3 13 4 5

x– = × 15
= =
2 28 1
6 2
x = 13 + 3 4. Let the side be = x m.
2 2 According to Q
16
x = 16 3×x=
2 3
x=8 16 1 16
x= × = m
2. Let the breadth = x 3 3 9
l = 3x – 3 5. Let one no = x
According to question Other no = x + 31
2(3x – 3 + x) = 234 According to Q
4x – 3 = 234 ÷ 2 Sum of the nos = x + x + 31 = 185
4x – 3 = 117 2x = 185 – 31
4x = 117 + 3 2x = 154
4x = 120 x = 77.
x = 30. So, the nos are 77, 108
breadth = 30 m 6. Let the no. be 5x, 4x
According to Q.
length = 3 × 30 – 3 = 90 – 3 = 87.
l = 87 m. 5x + 4x = 198
9x = 198
3. Let the unequal side = x x = 22.
10 So, the nos are 5 × 22, 4 × 22
equal sides = cm
3 = 110, 88
According to Q.
7. Let the no be 5x, 2x 18. Let son = x
According to Q. Abhinav = 2x
5x – 2x = 240 2x + 4 = 4 (x – 9)
3x = 240 2x + 4 = 4x – 36
x = 80 4 + 36 = 2x
No are 400 and 160. 40 = 2x
x = 20
8. Let the three consecutive no be x, x + 1,
x+2 Son = 20 years; Abhinav = 40 years
3x + 3 = 183 19. Let the no of 100 rupee note = x
3x = 180 5
500 rupee note = x
x = 60 7
So, the no are 60, 61, 62. 5 700 x + 2500 x
x × 100 + x × 500 =
9. Let the three consecutive multiples of 7 7
11 be x , x + 11, x + 22 3200
x = Rs 64000
∴ x + x + 11 + x + 22 = 198 7
20
3x + 33 = 198 640 00 × 7
x= = 140
3x = 198 – 33 32 00
3x = 165 100 rupees notes 140; 500 rupees not 100
x = 55 20. 2000 × 2x + 500 × 4x + 100 × 5x
∴ the multiples are 55, 66, 77 4000x + 2000x + 500x = 2,60,000
10. 77, 88, 99 6500x = 2,60,000
11. 20, 21, 23 200 40
2600 00
12. Let x be the Salary
x=
28 % of x = 28000 5 65 00
∴ 80 notes of `2000, 160 notes of `500,
28 000 × 100
x= x = ` 1,00,000 200 notes of `100
28 21. Let the no. of winner = x
13. 30, 54
14. Reena = 21 years; Father = 49 years; Participants = 28
Grand father = 79 years Winner = 28 – x
15. Rani = 13 years; Father = 40 years 500 × x + 100 (28 – x) = `6000
500x + 2800 – 100x = 6000
16. 6 years
5 400x = 6000 – 2800
2 −7
17. x – = 8
3 2 2 32 00
x=
2 −7 5 4 00
x= +
3 2 2 x=8
2 −7 + 5 × 6 22. Let the no = x
x=
3 12 3
(x – ) 12 = 2 + 2x
 23 3  2
x=  ×  12x – 3 × 6 = 2 + 2x
 12 2 
12x – 2x = 2 + 18
23
69 23 10x = 20
x= = x=2
24 8 8
23. Let one no be = x 27. Let Sheena = x year
other no = 6x Mother = 8x year
x + 32/6x + 32 1
6x + 32 = 2(x + 32) x+7= (8x)
4
6x + 32 = 2x + 64 x + 7 = 2x
6x – 2x = 64 – 32 x = 7
4x = 32 28. Let the age of son presently = x year
x=8 Father age 5 years ago = 7 (x – 5)
So the nos are 8, 48 Father present age = 7 (x – 5) – 5
24. Let the unit digit = x = 7x – 30
Tens digit = 11 – x After 5 years son = x + 5
No is Father = 7x – 30 + 5 = 7x – 25
10 × (11 – x) + x 7x – 25 = 3(x + 5)
7x – 25 = 3x + 15
New number after reversing the digits
4x = 40
10 × x + 11 – x x = 10 = Son, father = 40 years
According to Questions 29. Let the no = x
(10x + 11 – x) – [10 × (11 – x) + x] = 45
2
(9x + 11) – [110 – 9x] = 45  x −  × 9 = 7x
9x + 11 – 110 + 9x = 45  3
18
18x – 99 = 45 9x – = 7x
18x = 45 + 99 = 144 3
18
x = 8 ∴ the no is 38. 9x – 7x =
3
25. Let the unit digit = x 18
Tens digit = 4x 2x =
3
No is 10 × 4x + x = 41x 6
x= =3
New number after reversing the digits 2
= 10x + 4x = 14x 30. Let denominator = x
Sum of the no and its reverse no Numerator = x + 4
= 41x + 14x = 55x x + 4 + 3 11
=
55x = 110 x+3 7
x = 2 ∴ no is 82. (x + 7) 7 = 11x + 33
26. Let the unit digit = x 7x + 49 = 11x + 33
Tens digit = 12 – x 49 – 33 = 11x – 7x
No is 10 (12 – x) + x = 120 – 10x + x 16 = 4x
4=x
= 120 – 9x x + 4 4+4 8
No is = =
New number after reversing the digits x 4 4
= 10(x) + 12 – x 31. Let the denominator = x
= 10x + 12 – x Numerator = x – 2
(9x + 12) – (120 – 9x) = 54 x−2+2 7
9x + 12 – 120 + 9x = 54 =
x−3 4
18x = 54 + 108 x 7
18x = 162 =
9
x−3 4
162 4x = 7x – 21
x= ∴ no is 39.
18
21 = 3x 36. Let she makes x frocks
7=x cloth for 1 frock = 3m + 10% of 3 = 3.3m
No is 5 Lace for 1 frock = 2m + 5% of zm = 2.1m
7 cloth for x frocks = 3.3 × x × 100
3x + 5 4 Lace for x frock = 2.1x × 10
32. = 330x + 21x = 70,200
4x − 5 3
3(3x + 5) = 4(4x –5) 351x = 70200
9x + 15 = 16x – 20 70200
x=
15 + 20 = 16x – 9x 351
35 = 7x x = 200 frocks
5=x 37. Let the no of deer = x
Numbers are: 15, 20 1 3 1
x + 1 −  x + 7 = x
33. l = 12x, b = 5x. 3 4 3
Cost of fencing = 2 × (12x + 5x) × 150
= 102000 1 3 2
x+  x+7 = x
= 2 × 17x × 150 = 102000 3 4 3
17x × 300 = 102000 1 1
x+ x+7 = x
20
340
3 2
1020 00 x
x=
17 × 3 00 1 1
7= x− x+ x
x = 20 3 2
l = 240 m, b = 100 m 6x − 2x − 3x
34. 2(7x + 4x) × 50 = 44000 7=
6
7x + 4x = 440 7 × 6 = 1x
11x = 440 x = 42
x = 40 38. Let the no of students = x
l = 7 × 40 = 280 m = l 1 1 1 
x +  x  + 24 = x
l = 4 × 40 = 160 m = b 2 4 2 
35. Shirt = 2x, Trouser = 3 m 1 1
Cost of shirt materal = 50 × 2x x + x + 24 = x
2 8
Cost of trouser = 3x × 100 m 1 1
24 = x − x + x
 10   20  2 8
100 x + 100 × 100 x  +  300 x + 1 00 × 3 00 x  8 x − 5x
= x − 4x − x =
8
= 94000 8 8
110x + 360x = 94000 24 = 3 x
470x = 94000 8
8
94000 24 × 8
x= = 200 =x
470 3
64 = x
∴ Shirt = 400 m, Trouser = 600 m.
Worksheet 1
53 −5
1. (a) y = 3 (b) m = 37 (c) y = (d) y = 42 (e) y = (f) x = 2 (g) x = 4
15 7
4
(h) 1 (i) x = 6
21
−14 5 −1 1 37
2. (a) x = (b) x = (c) y = (d) y = –30 (e) x = (f) x =
15 2 2 2 25
Worksheet 2
3
1. 70, 90 2. 3. 180, 260 4. ` 50 = 36; ` 100 = 18 5. 70, 35, 32
7
6. Sonu = 11 years; Mohit = 7 years 7. 30°, 62°, 88° 8. 32 9. 41
10. l = 175 m; b = 125 m 11. 40 12. ` 8000, 20,000
Chapter 3
Exercise 3.1
1. (i) f, g, h (ii) a, b, c, d, e, i, j, k (iii) a, b, c, e, j, k (iv) a, e, k (v) b
2. (a) True (b) False (c) False (d) False (e) True
3. (a) open (b) simple clused (c) 180° (d) more (e) Nonagon
(f) 360°
4. Sum of the interior angles of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180
(a) (7 – 2) × 180° = 5 × 180° = 900° (b) (9 – 2) × 180° = 7 × 180° = 1260°
(c) (10 – 2) × 180° = 8 × 180° = 1440° (d) (12 – 2) × 180° = 10 × 180° = 1800°
5. Polygon is a closed figure made up of line segments only.
(a) 5 sides = pentagon (b) 8 side = octagon
(c) 9 sides = nonagon (d) 10 sides = decagon
6. (a) Given figure is a quadrilateral
∴ x + 70° + 130° + 100° = 360° (ASP of Quadrilateral)
x + 300° = 360°
x = 60°
(b) 110° + a = 180° (Linear pair)
a = 180° – 110° = 70°
∴ 100° + 110° + 70° + x = 360°
280° + x = 360°
x = 360° – 280° = 80°
(c) Given Figure is a pentagon
a + 80° = 180° (Linear pair)
a = 100°
Also sum of interior angles of a pentagon = 540°
∴ 60° + 110° + x + 100° + 160° = 540°
x + 430° = 540°
x = 540° – 430° = 110°
(d) Given figure is a regular hexagon so all interior angles are of equal measure.
∴ 6x = 720°
x = 120°
(e) It is a pentagon
∴ 2x + 2x + 2x + 90° + 90° = 540°
6x + 180° = 540°
6x = 540° – 180°
6x = 360°
x = 360° = 60°
6
(f) 3x + 4x + 2x + x
10x = 360°
x = 36°
7. Let the no of sides of a polygon whose sum of the interior angles given be n
(a) (n – 2) × 180° = 6 × 90° = 3 × (2 × 90°) = 3 × (180°)
∴ n–2=3
n = 5 sides
(b) (n – 2) × 180° = 12 × 90° = 6 × (2 × 180°)
⇒ n–2=6
⇒ n = 8 sides
(c) (n – 2) × 180° = 10 × 90° = 5 × 2 × 180°
∴ n–2=5
n = 7 sides
(d) (n – 2) × 180° = 8 right angle
(n – 2) × 180° = 4 × (180°)
∴ n–2=4
n = 6 sides
8. (a) 60° + 80° + z = 180° (ASP)
140° + z = 180°
z = 40°
x + 80° = 180° (Linear pair)
x = 180° – 80° = 100°
y + 60° = 180° (Linear pair)
y = 180° – 60° = 120°
(b) 105° + x = 180° (Linear pair)
x = 180° – 105° = 75°
z + 100° = 180° (Linear pairs)
z = 180° – 100° = 80°
y + 85° = 180° (Linear pairs)
y = 180° – 85°
y = 95°
(c) x + 100° + 80° + 110° = 360°
(As sum of exterior angles of a polygon is 360°)
x = 360° – 290°
x = 70°
(d) x + 60° + 60° + 70° + 70° = 360°
x + 260° = 360°
= 100°
(e) y + 110° = 180° ⇒ y = 70° (Linear pair)
u + 120° = 180° ⇒ u = 60° (Linear pair)
z + 30° = 180° ⇒ z = 150° (Linear pair)
x + 70° = 180°
x = 110°
9. Let the no of sides = n
n × 45° = 360°
8
72
n = 360 °
45 9
n = 8 sides
10. Let the measure of exterior angle be x.
5 × x = 360° (Exterior angle prop.)
x = 72°
Interior angle + exterior angle = 180°
72° + y = 180°
y = 180° – 72° = 108°
Similarly the rest b, c, d can be solved.
(a) 72°; 108° (b) 60°; 1200 (c) 45°; 135° (d) 30°; 150°
11. (a) Let the no of sides be n
∴ no of sides × exterior angle = 360° (Exterior angle prop.)
n × 24° = 360°
360 °30
n= = 15
24 2
Similarly b, c, d, e can be solved.
(b) 24 (c) 12 (d) 20 (e) 8
12. (a) Interior angle + exterior angle = 180°
144° + x = 180°
x = 180° – 144° = 36°
Exterior angle × no of sides = 360° (Ex. Angle Prop)
36° × n = 360°
⇒ n = 360° ÷ 36 = 10
Similarly b, c, d can be solved.
(b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 8
13. Given exterior angle = 25°
Let the no of sides be n.
∴ n × 25° = 360° (Ex. Angle Prop)
n = 360° = 14 10
25 25
Which is not a whole no hence it is not possible to have a regular polygon with exterior
angle as 25°.
14. Let the angles of a quad are 2x, 3x, 4x, 3x.
∴ 2x + 3x + 4x + 3x = 12x = 360°
x = 30°
∴ So the angles are
2 × 30 = 60°
3 × 30 = 90°
4 × 30 = 120°
3 × 30 = 90°
Exercise 3.2
1. One of the interior angle = 65°
Let its adjacent angle = x
x + 65° = 180° (Adjacent angles of a | | gm are supplementary)
x = 180° – 65°
= 115°
2. (a) True as AO = OC (Diagonals of a | | gm bisect each other)
(b) True as ∠DAB = ∠DCB (Opposite angles of a | | gm are equal)
(c) True as ∠BAC = ∠ACD (Alternate interior angles are equal)
(d) False as ∠AOD ≠ ∠BOC (90°) (As diagonal of a parallelogram are
not perpendicular)
3. Three angles are 80°
Let the fourth angle be x
x + 80° + 80° + 80° = 360° (A.S.P of quadrilateral)
x + 240° = 360°
x = 360° – 240° = 120°
4. (a) Trapezium
(b) Square, rectangles
(c) Kite
(d) Square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus
(e) parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus
(f) parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
5. x = 120° (Opposite angles of a | | gm are equal)
x + y = 180° (Adjacent angles property)
y = 180° – 120° = 60°
x = z = 120° (Corresponding angles)
6. Let the adjacent angles of a parallelogram be 2x and 3x
∴ 2x + 3x = 180° (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supp)
5x = 180°
x = 180° ÷ 5
= 36°
∴ Angles of parallelogram are 2x, 3x, 2x, 3x i.e., 72°, 108°, 72°, 108°.
7. OE = 8 cm ⇒ OP = 8 cm as diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ PE = 16 cm
HL = 6 cm + PE = 6 cm + 16 = 22 cm
1 1
OH = HL – × 22 = 11 cm
2 2
8. As Diagonal of a | | gm bisect each other so
RA = AP
∴ 25 = y + 11 ⇒ y = 25 – 11 = 14 cm
x + y = 30 (as EA = AO)
x + 14 = 30
x = 30 – 14 = 16 cm
9. (a) y = 120° (Opp. angles of a | | gm are equal)
x + 120° = 180° (Adjacent angles are supplementary)
∴ x = 180° – 120°
x = 60°
z = 120° (Corresponding angles are equal)
(b) x = 70° (Corresponding angles are equal)
y + 70° = 180° (Adjacent angles are supp)
y = 180° – 70° = 110°
z = 70° (Opposite angles of a | | gm)
(c) x = 90° (V.O.A)
x + y + 40° = 180° (ASP of triangles)
90° + z + 40° = 180°
z = 180° – 130°
z = 50°
(d) 75° = y(as opposite angles of a | | gm are equal)
u + 75° = 180° (Adjacent angles are supple)
u = 180 ° – 75° = 105°
z = u = 105°
x = z = 105° (As corr. angles are equal)
(e) y = 110° (Opposite angles of parallelogram are equal)
x + y + 40° = 180° (ASP of triangles)
x + 110° + 40° = 180°
x = 180° – 150° = 30°
z = 40° (A.I. Angle)
10. PR and QS diagonals bisect each other at O. and are equal
1 1
So, PR = QS and PR = QS.
2 2
∴ PO = OQ
5x – 6 = 3x + 4 Thus PR = 2PO
5x – 3x = 4 + 6 = 2 × (25 – 6)
2x = 10 = 2 × 19
x = 5 = 38 cm
11. Let the two adjacent angles be x°
Therefore x + x = 180°
2x = 180°
x = 90°
∴ Therefore the angles of a parallelogram are 90°, 90°, 90° and 90°. It is a special
quad. named as rectangle or square.
12. (a) AB = CD ⇒ 4x = 36 cm x = 9 cm
x + y = 25 cm ⇒ 9 + y = 36 cm y = 25 – 9 cm = 16 cm
(b) HE = OF ⇒ 4y + 5 = 37 (Opposite sides are equal)
4y = 37 – 5
4y = 32
y = 8 cm
Also EK = OK (as diagonals of a | | gm bisect each other)
5x – 2 = 23 cm
∴ 5x = 25
x = 5
(c) PA = AR (Diagonals of a | | gm bisect each other)
20 = y + 2
18 = y
SA = AQ (Diagonals of a | | gm bisect each other)
70 = 3x – 5
75 = 3x
25 = x
(d) y = 4x
Also 2x + 5 = 6x + 1 (Diagonals of a rectangle are equal)
5 – 1 = 6x – 2x
4 = 4x
1=x
y = 4
13. PQRS is a | | gm.
∠R = ∠P(Oppo. angles of a| | gm)
80° = z
Also 60° = ∠ADC oppo. angles of a | | gm.
∴ x + z + ∠ADC = 180° (ASP of triangle)
x + 80° + 60° = 180°
x = 180° – 140° = 40°
x + y = 180° (Linear pair)
40° + y = 180°
y = 140°
14. ∠Q + ∠R = 110° + 70° = 180°
Since ∠Q and ∠R are forming
a pair of adjacent angles so
PQ | | RS ⇒ PQRS is a Trapezium
15. ABCD is a quad AB | | CD
⇒ x + 130° = 180°
x = 180° – 130° = 50°
y + 90° = 180°
y = 180° – 90°
y = 90°
16. PQ | | LM
∠L + ∠P = 180° (Adjacent angles are supplementary)
x + 95° = 180°
x = 180° – 95° = 85°
Similarly ∠M + ∠Q = 180° (Adjacent angles are supplementary)
120° + y = 180°
x = 180° – 120° = 60°
17. ABCD is a rhombus
Its diagonals bisect at right angle
∴ x = 3 cm
y = 4 cm
∴ AO + OD2 = AD2 2
32 + 42 = AD2
9 + 16 = AD2
25 = AD2
5 cm = AD = AB = z
18. 3x + 1 = 28 cm
3x = 27
x = 9 cm
4y = 28
y = 7 cm.
19. Since AO = OC
and BO = OD
So ABCD is a | | gm
Also ∠ABC = 90°
⇒ ABCD is a rectangle.
Worksheet 1
1. (a) parallel (b) equilateral triangle (c) square
(d) sides (e) non parallel sides (f) rectangle
2. (a) Let the exterior angle of a regular hexagon = x°
∴ 5 × x° = 360°
x = 360 = 72°
5
Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180°
y + 72° = 180°
y = 180° – 72°
= 108°
Similarly (b), (c), (d)
(b) exterior angle = 60°; interior angle = 120°
(c) exterior angle = 45°; interior angle = 135°
(d) exterior angle = 36°; interior angle = 144°
3. (a) Let n be the sides of a regular polygon.
(n – 2) × 180° = 14 right angle.
(n – 2) × 180° = 7 × (2 × 90°)
(n – 2) × 180° = 7 × 180°
⇒ n – 2 = 7
n=9
(b) (n – 2) × 180° = 16 × 90°
= 8 × 180°
n–2=8
n = 10
4. (a) In an equilateural triangle all angles are equal
∴ x + x + x = 180°
3x = 180°
x = 60°
(b) Base angle is 50.
Let the vertex angle be x.
∴ x + 50° + 50° = 180°
x = 180° – 100°
x = 80°
So the angles are 50°, 50° and 80°.
(c) Let the angles are x°, 2x° and 3x° = 180°
6x° = 180°
x = 30°
So the angles are 30°, 60° and 90°.
5. Let the exterior angle of a polygon = x
Interior angle = 2x
∴ Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180°
2x + x = 180°
3x = 180°
x = 60°
Let the no of sides be n
Then n × exterior angle = 360°
360° 360°
n= = =6
exterior angle 60°
∴ There will be 6 sides or it is hexagon.
6. (a) x + 70° = 180° (Linear pair)
x = 110°
2x = 220°
(b) Sum of exterior angles of a ploygon is 360°
4x + 5 + x + 2x – 10 + x + 5 = 360°
8x = 360°
360°
x= = 45°
8
(c) 60° + 30° + x + 20° = 360° (ASP of Quad.)
110° + x = 360°
x = 360° – 110° = 250°
(d) 75° + 105° + x + 2x = 360° (ASP)
180° + 3x = 360°
3x = 180°
x = 60°
7. Let the quad. be ABCD
∠A + ∠B = 150°
∠C = 2x
∠D = 3x
∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
150° + 2x + 3x = 360°
5x = 360° – 150°
210°
x=
5
x = 42°
8. Using angle sum properties of Quadrilateral
x = 78°, so the angle are 78°, 98°, 28°, 156°
9. Diagonal of a parallelogram bisect each other
∴ 12 = 2y + 4 ⇒ 2y = 8 ⇒ y = 4
x–y=8
x–4=8
x = 12
10. Let the adjacent angles be 5x and 4x.
∴ 5x + 4x = 180° (ASP of quad.)
9x = 180°
x = 180° ÷ 9 = 20°
So the adjacent angles are 5 × 20°, 4 × 20° ⇒ 100°, 80°
∴ Four angles of quad. are 100°, 80°, 100°, 80°.
11. EP bisects ∠E and RP bisect ∠R so
∠HER = 2 × 25° = 50°
∠ARE = 2 × 30° = 60°
∴ HARE is a trapezium.
So ∠HAR + ∠ARE = 180°
∠HAR = 180° – 60° = 120°
∠EHA + ∠HER = 180°
∠EHA + 50° = 180°
∠EHA = 180° – 50° = 130°
Worksheet 2
1. (a) 5x + 4x = 180° (Sum of adjacent angles of a | | gm)
9x = 180°
x = 20°
Also z = 5x = 5 × 20° = 100°
y = 4x = 4 × 20° = 80°
(b) 120° + z = 180° (Adjacent angles)
= 180° – 120° = 60°
∠B = z = 60°
∠B + 40° + x = 180° (Adjacent angles)
60° + 40° + x = 180°
x = 80°
x + y = 180° (Adjacent angles of a trap. on parallel sides)
80° + y = 180°
y = 100°
(c) ∠DCB + 80° = 180° (Linear angles)
∠DCB = 100°
x = ∠DCB = 100° (Oppo. angles of a parallelogram)
In ∆ABD
100° + 40° + ∠ABD = 180°
∠ABD = 40°
z = ∠ABD(As A. I. angles are equal)
z = 40°
y = 40° (A. I. angles are equal)
(d) In DDBC
∠D + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
3x + 2x + 5x = 180°
10x = 180°
x = 18°
z = 2x° = 2 × 18° = 36° (A.I.A)
y = 5x = 5 × 18° = 90° (Oppo. angle)
2. (a) Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
⇒ 2y + 3 = 25
2y = 22
y = 11 cm.
x + 7 = 19
x = 19 – 7
x = 12 cm
(b) Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
19 = 2y – 8
19 + 8 = 2y
27 = y
2
13.5 cm = y
Also 3x – 2 = 16
3x = 18
x = 6 cm
3. If our angle of a rhombus = 58°
Then its opposite angle is also 58°
Let the other two angles are equal to n
∴ 58° + x + 58° + x = 360° (ASP)
2x + 116° = 360°
2x = 360° – 116°
2x = 244
x = 122°
∴ The other three angles are 58°, 122°, 122°.
4. Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at 90°.
So.
∴ 62 + 82 = AB2 (As ABO is a right angle triangle)
36 + 64 = AB 2
100 = AB2
10 = AB2
5. In trap. ABCD ∠A : ∠D = 7 : 2
∴ ∠A = 7x, ∠D = 2x
Also ∠A + ∠D = 180°
∴ 9x = 180°
x = 20°
∠A = 140° ∠D = 40°
Similarly ∠B + ∠C = 180°
4x + 5x = 180°
9x = 180°
⇒ x = 20°
So, ∠B = 4 × 20° = 80°
∠C = 5× 20° = 100°
6. Let the exterior angle = x
Interior angle = 5x
∴ x + 5x = 180°
6x = 180°
x = 30°
Exterior angle = 30°
Let the no of sides be n
∴ n × 30° = 360°
360
n= = 12
30
7. No it can not be a parallelogram as diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other i.e.,
they divide it in the ratio of 1 : 1.
8. ∠WEA = 70° ∠ARW = 80°
Also in a kite the other two angles are equal ∠WEA + ∠ARW + ∠RWE + ∠RAE = 360°
70° + 80° + x + x = 360°
150° + 2x = 360°
2x = 360° – 150° = 210°
x = 105°
9. ∠RQY + ∠RQP = 180°
60° + ∠RQP = 180°
∠RQP = 120°
∠S = ∠Q = 120°
∠S + ∠R = 180° (Adjacent angle of a | | gm)
120° + ∠R = 180°
∠R = 180° – 120° = 60°
SR = PQ = 15 cm (Opposite sides of a | | gm)
QR = PS = 11 cm
Diagonal PR = 2 PO = 2 × 9 = 18 cm.
10. Since perpendicular bisector of AB ∴ ∠A + ∠ADC = 180°
passes through D ∠ADC = 180° – 60° = 120°
∴ In DAKD and DBKD Hence, ∠C = ∠A = 60° ∠B = ∠C = 120°
AK = BK 11. In DABC
∠AKD = ∠BKD = 90° ∠A +∠B + ∠C = 180° (AS P of D)
KD = KD A K B 52° + 64° + ∠C = 180°
⇒ DAKD @ DBKD 116° + ∠C = 180°
∴ ∠KAD = ∠KBD ∠C = 180° – 116°
⇒ AD = BD = 64°
D C
Also, AD = AB ∠FAE = 64° (A.I angles)
∴ DABD is equilateral ∠EDF = 64°
∴ ∠ABD = ∠ADB = ∠DAB = x Also ∠FAE + ∠AED = 180°
Now, ∠BAD + ∠ADB + ∠DBA = 180° 64° + x = 180°
So, x + x + x = 180° x = 180° – 64°
⇒ 3x = 180° x = 116°
x = 60°
Chapter 4
Do it yourself
Chapter 5
Exercise 5.1
1.
2-.
3.
4. Colour Tally marks Frequency

Red | | | | | | 7
Yellow | | | | | 6
Green | | | | | | 7
White | | | | 5
5. (a) 10 (b) 40–50 (c) 0–10 and 80–90 (d) 60

(e) No as the greatest and the lowest marks are not mentioned
6. Lowest wt = 40, Maximum wt = 84, Range = 44
C.I. Tally marks Frequency

40–50 | | | | | | | | | 11
50–60 | | | | | | | | | | 12
60–70 | | | | | | | | 10
70–80 | | | | | | | | | | | 13
80–90 | | | 4
7. (a) 10 (b) 50 + 40 + 20 + 10 = 120 (c) 50 + 30 = 80
(d) 40–50 (e) 70–80
8. Class internal Tally marks Frequency

30–40 | | | | 4
40–50 | | | | | | | | | 11
50–60 | | | | | 6
60–70 | | | | 4
70–80 | | | | 5
9. Do it yourself.
10. (a) 5 (b) (10 – 15) km/hr
(c) 20 + 10 + 5 = 35 cars (d) 15 + 25 = 40 cars
11. (a) 25 + 30 + 7 + 2 = 64 (b) 5 + 10 = 15 (c) 4 – 5 kg (d) 25 + 7 = 32
12. C.I. Tally marks Frequency
0–4 | | 2
4–8 | | | | | | | | | 11
8–12 | | | | | | | | | | 12
12–16 | | | | | | | | | 11
16–20 | | | 3
20–24 | 1

13.
14.
15. (a) The gives histogram represents the daily earning of chemist in Rs.
(b) ` 1000 (c) 10 + 35 + 25 + 20 + 25 = 115 (d) 20 + 25 = 45
(e) 25 + 20 = 45°
Exercise 5.2
1. Item Central Angle Fraction Amount spent
45 1 1
Fuel 45° = × 10800 = 1350
360 8 8
80 2 2
Food 80° = × 10800 = 2400
360 9 9
110 11 11
Education 110° = × 10800 = 3300
360 36 36
125 25 25
Others 125° = × 10800 = 3750
360 72 72
Maximum = others Minimum = Fuel
2. Vehicle Fraction Angle
26 26
Car × 360° = 156°
60 60
12 12
Truck × 360° = 72°
60 60
8 8
Bus × 360° = 48°
60 60
14 14
Taxi × 360° = 84°
60 60

3. (a) Mangoshake
70
(b) Banana Shake = × 180 0 5 = 350
36 0 °
(c) Lemonade = 80° × 180° = 40
360°
∴ 50 more children like lemonade as compared to banana shake.
(d) Iced tea and milkshake
4. (a) Let the total no of shirts be x.
∴ 10% of x = S size 10
× x = 108
100
x = 1080.
(b) XL size is sold maximum
40
∴ 40% of 1080 = × 1080 = 432 T-shirts
100
(c) Small size (S)
(d) No of T-shirts for L size
20% of 1080 = 216
Difference = 216 – 108 = 108
5. Subject No of students Angle
Maths 200 200

× 36 0° = 100°
2 72 0
140
Science 140 × 360° = 70°
720
100
S.st 100 × 360° = 50°
720
120
English 120 × 360° = 60°
720
160
Hindi 160 × 360° = 80°
720
6. Channels No of Friends Fraction Angle
40 1 1
Plannet earth 40 = × 360° = 72°
200 5 5
50 1 1
Geographic 50 = × 360° = 90°
200 4 4
60 3 3
Cartoon 60 = × 360° = 108°
200 10 10
20 1 1
News 20 = × 360° = 36°
200 10 10
30 3 3
Music 30 = × 360° = 72°
200 20 20
7. (a) Amount spent on hockey = ` 7200

Let the total amount be = `x
100° 5
Fraction for hockey = =
360° 18
∴ 5 × x = 7200
18
1440
7200 × 18
x= = ` 2592
5
30
(b) Money spent on tennis = × 25920 = ` 2160
12 36 0
100

(c) Money spent on hockey = × 25920 = ` 7200
360
20
Money spent on football = × 25920 = ` 1440
360
Diff. in Amount = `(7200 – 1440) = `5760
∴ ` 5760 more amount was spent on hockey than football.
(d) Cricket
(e) Football
8. Fruit No. Fraction Angle
52° 52°
Mango 52 × 360° = 104°
180° 180°
62° 62°
Apple 62 × 360° = 124°
180° 180°
40° 40°
Banana 40 × 360° = 80°
180° 180°
16° 16°
Orange 16 × 360° = 32°
180° 180°
10° 10°
Guava 10 × 360° = 20°
180° 180°
9. Division No% Fraction Angle
30 30
Ist 30 × 360 = 108°
100 100
45 45
IInd 45 × 360 = 162°
100 100
20 20
IIIrd 20 × 360 = 72°
100 100
5 5
Fail 5 × 360 = 18°
100 100

(a) Let the total no of students be x.

9
∴ 45 × x = 180
100 20
20
180 × 20
x= = 400
9
5

(b) No of students who failed = × 4 00 = 20
1 00
30
No of students who seconed Ist division = × 4 00 = 120°
1 00
10. Fraction Central Angle

9 1 1
= × 360° = 90°
36 4 4
18 1 1
= × 360° = 180°
36 2 2
3 1 1
= × 360° = 30°
36 12 12
6 1 1
= × 360° = 60°
36 6 6

(a) 180 (b) 360 (c) 60 (d) 72
Exercise 5.3
1. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (b) H, T
(c) HH, HT, TH, TT (d) Mon. Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri, Sat, Sun
(e) Jan, Feb, March, April, May, June, July, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec.
2. (a) A, B, C, D, E
(b) White ball, blackball
2 1 1
3. (a) P (White ball) = P (6) = =
9 8 8
4
(b) P (red ball) = 9. Possible outcomes are HH, HT, TH, TT
9
3 P (exactly 1 head) = 2
(c) P (Yellow ball) = 4
4. C 9 1
P (no head) =
5. (a) P (1 girl) = 40 4
100 1
P (both heads) =
25 4
(b) P (no girl) =
100 3 1
10. P (even no) = =
20 2 6 2
6. (a) P (White) = =
50 5
P (Prime no) = 3 = 1
10 1 6 2
(b) P (red) = =
50 5 2 1
P (no greater than 4) = =
7. (a) P (vowel) = 5 6 3
26 4 2
P (smaller than 5) = =
21 6 3
(b) P (consonant) =
26 48 12
1 1 11. P head = =
8. P (1) = = 100 25
8 8 7
0 12. P (perfect square) =
P (2) = = 0 50
8 9
3 3 P (Single digit no) =
P (3) = = 50
8 8 10 1
2 1 P (multiple of 5) = =
P (4) = = 50 5
8 4
1 1 15 3
P (5) = = P (Prime no) = =
8 8 50 10
Worksheet 1
1. Class internal Tally marks Frequency
0 – 10 0 0
10 – 20 | 1
20 – 30 | 1
30 – 40 | | | 3
40 – 50 | | | 3
50 – 60 | | | | | 6
60 – 70 | | | | | | | | 10
70 – 80 | | | | | | 7
80 – 90 0 0
90 – 100 | 1
2.
(a) 40–45 years (b) 41 (c) 44

3. (a) The information given by bar graph is about the subject liked by the students of a
class.
(b) Hindi (c) 5 (d) S. studies (e) Yes
4. (a) Money spent on football = ` 9000
45

Fraction for football =
360
Let the total amount spent on sports = x
45
∴ × x = 9000
360
200
x= 9000 × 360
= 72000
45
100 2000
(b) Amount spent on hockey = × 72000
36 0
= ` 20,000
∴ 2000 – 9000 = `11000 more is spent on
hockey then football
165
(c) amount spent on cricket = × 7200 0 200
36 0
= ` 33000
5. Expenses Amount Fraction C. Angle
Clothing 5600 56 00 56
× 360° = 70°
288 00 288
Food 7200 72 00 72
× 360° = 90°
288 00 288
Rent 7200 7200 90°

28800
Education 3600 3600 3600

× 360° = 45°
28800 288
Other 5200 5200 52
× 360° = 65°
28800 288
6. News papers % Fraction Angle

Times of India 30 30 3
× 360° = 108°
100 10
Daily news 20 20 20
× 360° = 72°
100 1 00
News update 10 10 = 36°
100
3
15 18
15
News express 15 × 36 0° = 54°
100 100
2
Hindustan 25 25 90
25
× 360 ° = 90°
100 100 4
3
(a) Times of India = × 150 = 45
10
15 3 45
New express = × 15 0 = = 22.5
2 10 0 2

Approximately = 23.
1 3
7. (a) P(green) = (b) P (Nonred) = (c) P (Purple) = 0
4 4
2 1 1
8. (a) P (even) = 3 (b) P (multiple of 3) = = (c) P (multiple of 4) =
6 6 3 6
Worksheet 2
7 5
1. (a) P (odd) = 9 (b) P (prime no) = (c) P (divisible by 3) =
17 17 17
4 1 5
2. (a) P (White ball) = = (b) P (black ball) =
12 3 12
9 3
(c) P (nonred ball) = =
12 4
3. Mode No of student Fraction C. Angle
120 1 1
Bus × 360° = 60°
720 6 6
180 1 1
Cycle × 360° = 90°
720 4 4
240 1 1
Train × 360° = 120°
720 3 3
80 2 1
Car × 360° = 40°
720 18 9 9
100 5 5
Scooter × 360° = 50°
720 36 36

1 1 1
4. P (club) = ; P (king) = ; P (ace) = ; P (red) = 1
4 13 13 2
5. Year No of cars Fraction C. Angle
20 00
2011 2000 100°
72 00
2400
2012 2400 120°
7200
900
2013 900 45°
7200
1900
2014 1900 95°
7200

7. (a) The bar graph represent the no of marks papers distributed on days of a week of a
particular city.
(b) Sunday (c) Friday (d) Two days (e) 1 : 2
8.
Chapter 6
Exercise 6.1
1. (a) 25, 36, 49 (b) 64, 81 (c) 121, 144
2. (a) No as 7 in units place (b) No as 8 in units place
(c) No as 3 in units place (d) No as 2 in units place
(e) No as 8 in units place (f) Yes it can be a perfect square.
(g) No as the no. of zeros in the end is odd. (h) Yes it can be a perfect square.
3. 23458, 34000, 78562, 931527, 183, 23456, 34000, 78561, 931524, 186
4. (a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 9 (d) 4 (e) 1 (f) 9 (g) 6
(h) 4 (i) 6 5. a, d, e
6. (a) None (b) two (c) four (d) No (e) four
7. (a) 16 (b) 26 (c) 222 (d) 960 (e) 2004 (f) 400
8. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes (e) Yes (f) No
9. (a) 840 + 841 (c) 112 + 113 (e) 312 + 313
10. No 3 + 4 = 7 is not a perfect square, there are many more such cases for support.
11. (a) (a + 1) (a – 1) = a2 – 1 (b) (21 + 1) (21 –1) = 212 – 1
(15 + 1) (15 – 1) = 152 – 1 22 × 20 = 440
16 × 14 = 225 – 1 440 = 440
224 = 224
(c) (35 + 1) (35 – 1) = 352 – 1
36 × 34 = 1225 – 1
1224 = 1224
12. (a) 11111112 = 1234567654321 (b) 6666672 = 444444888889
(c) 10000012 = 1000002000001 (d) 1020304030201, (101010101)2
13. 120 + 119, 140 + 139
14. (a) 1024 (b) 2401 (c) 2601 (d) 6084
15. (a) 4 × 5 hundred + 25 = 2025 (b) 11 × 12 hundred + 25 = 13225
(c) 8 × 9 hundred + 25 = 7225 (d) 200 × 201 hundred + 25 = 4020025
16. (a) (8, 15, 17), (6, 8, 10) (b) (8, 15, 17) (c) (32, 255, 257)
(d) (24, 143, 145) or (10, 24, 26) (e) (12, 35, 37) or (21, 28, 35)
(f) (82, 1680, 1682) or (18, 80, 82) (g) (120, 3559, 3601) or (22, 120, 122)
17. (a) 1156 (b) 625 (c) 7921 (d) 9025 (e) 5329 (f) 2304
Exercise 6.2
1. a as 3 in its unit place.

b as it has 7 in its unit place.

c as it has 8 in unit place.

f as it has 2 in its unit place.

g no of zero in the end is not even.
2. (a) 8 64 (b) 12 144 (d) 34 2 1156
–1 – 1
2 578
63 143
–3 – 3 17 289
60 140 17
5 –5
135 1156 = 2 × 2 × 17 × 17
55
–7 –7 = 2 × 17
48 128
–9 = 34
–9
39 119 (e) 84 2 7056
–11 – 11 2 3528
28 108
–13 – 13 2 1764
15 95 2 882
–15 – 15 3 441
0 80
– 17 3 147
63 7 49
– 19 7
44
– 21 7056 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
23 =2×2×3×7
– 23
0 = 84
(c)-(h). similar work to be done (f) 91 91 8281
91
3. (a) 21 3 441
3 147 8281 = 91 × 91 = 91
7 49 (g) 54 2 2916
7 2 1458
441 = 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 3 729
3 243
441 = 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 = 3 × 7 = 21
3 81
(b) 14 2 196
3 27
2 98 3 9
7 49 3
7 7
2916 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
1
196 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 54
(h) 45 5 2025
196 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 7 = 14
5 405
(c) 23 23 529 3 81
23 23 3 27
1 3 9
529 = 23 × 23 = 23 3
2025 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 (k) 48 2 2304
=5×3×3 2 1152
= 45 2 576
2 288
(i) 72 2 5184
2 144
2 2592
2 72
2 1296
2 36
2 648
3 18
2 324
3 9
2 162
3
3 81
3 27 2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
3 9 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 = 48
3 (l) 56 2 3136
2 1568
5184 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
2 784
=2×2×2×3×3
2 392
= 72 2 196
(j) 47 47 2209 2 98
47 7 49
7
2209 = 47 × 47
3136 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
= 47
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 = 56
4. (a) 5 585
3 117
3 39
13
5 × 13 = 65
585 = 5 × 3 × 3 × 13
Prime factorisation of 585 has 5 × 13 unpaired so 585 must be multiplied by 65 to make
it a perfect square.
∴ 585 × 5 × 13 = 5 × 3 × 3 × 13 × 13 × 5 = 5 × 13 × 3 = 195
(b) 7 847
11 121
11 11
1
847 = 7 × 11 × 11 in prime factorisation of 847, 7 is left unpaired.
∴ 847 must be multiplied by 7 to make it perfect square.
847 × 7 = 7 × 7 × 11 × 11 = 7 × 11 = 77
(c) 2 4802
7 2401
7 343
7 49
7
4802 = 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 ×7
2 is left unpaired So 4802 must be multiplied with 2
4802 × 2 = 2 × 7 × 7 = 98
(d) 2 1200
2 600
2 300
2 150
5 75
5 15
3
1200 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5
In prime factorosation of 1200, 3 is left unpaired hence 1200 should be multiplied
with 3 to make it perfect square.
= 1200 × 3 = 60
= 3 is left unpaired hence 1200 must be multiplied
(e) 7 6300
3 900
3 300
10 100
10
6300 = 7 × 3 × 10
In prime factorisation of 6300, 7 is left unpaired so it must be multiplied by 7 to make
it perfect square.
6300 × 7 = 7 × 3 × 2 × 5 = 210
(f) 2 450
3 225
3 75
5 25
5
450 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
In prime factorisation of 450, 2 is left unpaired so it should be multiplied by 2 to make
it perfect square.
450 × 2 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
(g) 2 9800
7 4900
7 700
2 100
2 50
5 25
5
9800 = 2 × 7 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
∴ 2 is left unpaired so it must be multiplied by 2 to make it a perfect square.
9800 × 2 = 2 × 7 × 2 × 5 = 140
(h) 3 3645
3 1215
3 405
3 135
3 45
3 15
5
3645 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
Since 5 is left unpaired hence 3645 must be multiplied by 5 to make it perfect square.
3645 × 5 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 135
(i) 2 8712
2 4356
2 2178
3 1089
3 363
11 121
11
8712 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11
Since 2 is left unpaired so 8712 must be multiplied by 2
8712 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 = 132
(j) 5 4205
29 841
29
4205 = 5 × 29 × 29
Since 5 is left unpaired hence 4205 must be multiplied by 5
∴ 4205 × 5 = 5 × 29 × 29 × 5 = 145
(k) 5 3125
5 625
5 125
5 25
5
3125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
Since prime factorisation of 3125 have are 5 left unpaired so 3125 must be multiplied
by 5.
3125 × 5 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125
(l) 2 8192
2 4096
2 2048
2 1024
2 512
2 256
2 128
2 64
2 32
2 16
2 8
2 4
2
8192 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
8192 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 128
5. Let the no of rows = 5
No of person sitting in a row = x
35
3 12 25
9
65 325
325
x
∴ x×x = 1225 = 35
∴ 1225 = 35
6. Let the no of residents = x
Amount paid by each resident = x
Total amount collected = x + x
According to Questions
5 202500
5 40500
3 8100
3 2700
3 900
3 300
5 100
5 20 x2 = 202500 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2
2 4 x = 5 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 2 = 450
2 2
1 2 2304
2 1152
7. Let the no of rows = x
No of students in a row = x 2 576
Total students = x + x 2 288
x2 = 2304 2 144
x = 2304 2 72
x = 48 2 36
There are 48 students in each row. 2 18
3 9
8. Let the side of a square = x
3
Area = x2
x2 = 5184
x = 5184
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 72 m
Area of rectangle = l × b
b = 72 m
l = 144 m
Area = 144 × 72 = 10368 m2
72 m, 432 m
9. To find the smallest square no divisible by the given no, we first calculate their lcm and
then find out the no. with which their lcm must be multiplied to make it perfect square.
(a) 3 6, 9, 15
2, 3, 5
LCM = 3 × 2 × 3 × 5 (Similarly as (d))
(b) 2 8, 12, 15
2 4, 6, 15
2 2, 3, 15
3 1, 3, 15
1, 1, 5
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 (Rest same as (d))
(c) 2 6, 8, 10
2 3, 4, 5
3, 2, 5
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 (Rest same as (d))
(d) 2 4, 6, 15
2 2, 3, 15
3 1, 2, 15
1, 1, 5
LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
Here 3 and 5 are left unpaired so the lcm must be multiplied by 15 and the square
no 80 smallest square no obtained will be divisible by 4, 6, 15 a.
∴ 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 3 × 5 i.e 900 is the required no.
(e) 3 9, 15, 30
5 3, 5, 10
3, 1, 2
LCM = 3 × 3 × 5 × 2 (Rest same as (d))
10. Total Students = 6000
Students left = 71
Students arranged = 5929 77
5929
Let the no of rows = x 7
49
No of students in a row = x 1029
147
x × x = 5929 1029
There are 77 rows. ×
11. We pair the no. from unit place side and see how many pairs are formed.
No of digits in the square root of a no is the same as the no. of pairs if all digits of the
no are paired and it is one more if a digit is left unpaired.
(a) 54756
no of digits in the square root = 2 + 1 i.e. 3
(b) 390625 = 3
(c) 4937284 = 3 + 1 = 4
(d) 4 (e) 4 (f) 5 (g) 4 (h) 3 (i) 4
12. (a) We pair the no. from unit place side. Now look for a no. whose square is less than or
equal to 12.
32 = 9 < 12 36
Add 3 + 3 = 6 in divisor column 1296
3
Now look for a no such that 9
396
6 × = 396 6
396
i.e. 66 × 6 = 396 ×
∴ 1296 = 36.
(b) Do yourself
(c) We pair no from unit place sides.
Look for a no whose square is less than or equal to 4. i.e., 2.
Write 2 + 2 = 4 in divisor column.
bring down next pair (i.e., 04) 221
40 × 0 =0 40401
2
So bring down next pair 01 4
04
40 1 × 1 = 401 40
0
∴ 40401 = 201. 401 401
(d, e) Do yourself 401
(f) Pair the no from unit place side 125 ×
Look for a no whose square is 1 i.e., 1 15625
Write 1 in divisor column. 1
1
Bring 56 down. 56
22
Add 1 + 1, write in divisor column. 44
245 1225
Look for a no such that = × = 56 or < 56 1225
i.e., 22 × 2 = 44.
Add 22 + 2 = 24 and write in divisor column.
Bring 25 down
Look for a no such that
24 × = 1225 or
45 × 5 = 1225. 15625 = 125
i.e., 2
Do rest yourself
(g) 48 (h) 42 (i) 225 (j) 81 (k) 74 (l) 91 ( ) 65 (n) 52
13. There are two method, either by removing the decimal or by long division.
(a) 12025 let in solve by removing decimal.
1225 5×5×7×7 5×7 35

12.25 = = = = = 3.5
100 2×2×5×5 2×5 10
(b) 17.64 We make the pair on both sides starting from decimals. 4.2
We follow the same procedure as long division method and place the 17.64
4
16
decimal in the quotient just above the decimal place.
164
(c) 6.5 (d) 0.32 (e) 5.2 82
164
(f) 3.1 2 (g) 14.2 ×
9.7344 201.64
3 1
9 1
73 101
61 24
61 96
622 1244 282 564
564
1244
×
×
9.7344 = 3.12 201.64 = 14.2
14. (a) To find the smallest no to be ∴ 3250 – 1 = 3249
subtracted to make it a perfect 3249 = 57
square we follow long division
method and subtract the remained 29
(e)
and the no. so obtained will be 865
2
perfect square. 4
465
5 0 49
441
2521 24
5
25
50 21 ∴ 24 is the smallest no that must
0 be subtracted
21 ∴ 865 – 24 = 841
841 = 29
= 1 must be subtracted.
(f) 36
∴ 2521 – 21 = 2500
1300
2500 = 50. 3
9
45 400
(b) 66
2050 396
4 4
16
450 ∴ 4 is the smallest no that must be
85
425
subtracted
25 ∴ 1300 – 4 = 1296
∴ 25 is the smallest no that must be
1296 = 36
subtracted
(g) 31
∴ 2050 – 25 = 2025
967
2025 = 45 3
9
(c) 99 67
61
9999 61
9 6
81
1899

1701
198 subtracted
961 = 31
∴ 198 is the smallest no that must
be subtracted (h) 3
∴ 9999 – 198 = 9801 1258
3
9801 = 91 9
358
(d) 57 65
325
3250 33
5
25

107 subtracted
749
1 1258 – 33 = 1225
∴ 1 is the smallest no that must be 1225 = 35
subtracted
(i) 89 (d) 42
7970 1742
8 4
64 16
1540 142
169 82
1521 164
49 22
∴ 49 is the smallest no that must be ∴ 1742 + 22 = 1764
subtracted 1764 = 42
7979 – 49 = 7921
69
7921 = 89
(e) 6 4856
15. To find the smallest no to be added. We 36
use the long division method. 1256
129
(a) 73 1161
5250 95
7
49 ∴ 69 < 4856 < 702
2
350 702 = 4900

143
429 4900 – 4856 = 44
79 ∴ 44 must be added
∴ 72 < 5250 < 732
2
∴ 4856 + 44 = 4900 = 70.
732 = 5329
(f, g, h) do yourself
∴ 5329 – 5250 = 79
∴ 79 must be added to make it a (f) 93
perfect square. 8645
9
81
5329 = 73 545
45 183
(b) 549
2015 4
4
16 = 4
415 99
85
425 (g) 9 9672
10 81
Here in this case we have taken a 1572
higher deniser i.e. instead of 84, 189
1701
we took 85 and we do the reverse 129
subtraction = 129
i.e. 425 – 415 = 10 16. (a) Let the side of the square = x
∴ 10 is the smallest no to be added ∴ x × x = 3481
∴ 2025 = 45
59
(This method is less time consuming) 3481
(c) 5
77 25
5780 981
7 109
49 981
880 ∴ 3481 = 59 = x
147
1029
149 Perimeter of square = 4 × side
∴ 149 must be added = 4 × 59 = 236 m.
∴ 5780 + 149 = 5929 (b, c, d) Do yourself
5929 = 77 (b) 356 cm (c) 140 cm (d) 304 cm
17. (a) Using Pythagorus theorem for right angle ∆ABC
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
12 cm2 + 5 cm2 = AC2
169 cm2 = AC2
13 × 13 cm2 = AC2
13 cm = AC
(b) 17 cm
(c) Using Pythagorus theorem for right angle ∆ABC
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
x2 + 202 = (101)2
x2 = (101)2 – (20)2
= 10201 – 400
2
x = 9801
x = 9801
x = 99
(d) 8 cm
18. We need to find the minimum no of plants required so that they can be arranged in
square form. Hence let it find out. What should be added to 1050 to make it a perfect
square.
33

1050
3
9
150
63
189
39
∴ 39 more plants are needed.
19. Smallest six digit no = 100000
Let us find the smallest no. to be added so that it becomes a perfect square.
317
100000
3
9
100
61
61
3900
627
4389
489
∴ 100000 + 489 = 100489 is the smallest 6 digit no which is a perfect square.
100489 = 317
20. Largest form digit no = 9999. To find the largest form digit no, we will find out the no
to be subtracted from 9999 to make it a perfect square.
99

9999
9
81
1899
189
1701
198
∴ 9999 – 198 = 9801 is the largets form digit square no.
9801 = 99.
21. 79
6149
7
49
1249
149
1341
92
= 92 is the smallest no that must be added to 6149
6149 + 92 = 6241
6241 = 79
22. Area of rectangle = 72 × 338 m2 = 24336 m2
Let the side of square = x
x2 = 24336
x = 24336 = 156 m
23. Let the no of people who denated = x
x + x = 518400
x = 720.
Amount each donated = `720 for provide basic aminities in times of need
Worksheet
1. (a) odd (b) (12, 35, 37) (c) 199 (d) 3
2. (a) No of zeroes in the end is odd hence cannot be a perfect square.
(b) Unit digit is 2 hence cannot be a perfect square.
(d) Unit digit is 7 hence cannot be a perfect square.
(e) Unit digit is 8 hence cannot be a perfect square.
2 4356
3. (a) 4356 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 = 2 × 3× 11 = 66

2 2178
3 1089
3 363
11 121
11
(b) 2 784 784 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 2× 7 = 28
2 392
2 196
2 98
7 49
7
(c) 5 3025 3025 = 5 × 5 × 11 × 11 = 5 × 11 = 55
5 605
11 121
11
(d) 2 3136 3136 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 = 56
2 1568
2 784
2 392
2 196
2 98
7 49
7

(e) 48
1764 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
(f) 17.64 = =
100 2×2×5×5
1764 2 × 3 × 7 42
= = = 4 .2
100 2×5 10
1521 3 × 3 × 13 × 13 3 × 13 39
(g) 15.21 = = = = = 3.9
100 2×2×5×5 2 × 5 10
(h) 156.25 =
15625
= 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125 = 12.5
100 2×2×5×5 2×5 10
(i) 0.1089 = 1089 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 = 33 = 0.33

10000 100 × 100 100
4. 316
99999
3
9
99
61
61
3899
626
3756
143
99999 – 143 = 99856
= 99856, 316
Questions 5 Same as Q.12 of Exercise. 6.2
6. 7 5
5600
7
49
700
145
725
25
25 is the smallest no that must be added to 5600 to make it perfect square.
5600 + 25 = 5625 = 75
7. 2 3888
2 1944
2 972
2 486
3 243
3 81
3 27
3 9
3
3888 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Since 3 is unpaired So 3888 must be multiplied with 3 to make it perfect square.
∴ 3888 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3= 108
8. 83
7000
8
64
600
163
489
111
= 111, 83
9. 2 90800
2 45400
2 22700
2 11350
5 5675
5 1135
227
90800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 227
Since 227 is left unpaired so 90800 must be divided by 227 to make it a perfect square
90800.
90800 √ 227 = 400 = 20
14 64 8 329 18
10. (a) 2= = (b) =
25 25 5 841 29
137
(c) 2= 529 23 (d) 2401 49
= =
196 196 14 225 15
(Changing mixed fraction to unproper fraction)
11. 76 12. (a) 11110888889 (b) 422, 432, 82, 572
13. (a) 3 3, 4, 5, 10
5 1, 4, 5, 10
2 1, 4, 1, 2
2 1, 2, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 1
Square no is 3 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 15 = 900
(b) 2 8, 9, 12, 15
2 4, 9, 6, 15
2 2, 9, 3, 15
3 1, 9, 3, 15
1, 3, 1, 5
Square no is 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 2 × 5 × 2 = 3600
14. Pythagorean triplet consists of (n2 – 1, 2n, n2 + 1) in which except for n = 1, 2, 2n is the
smallest no.
Thus 2n = 18
n=9
2 2
So, 9 – 1, 9 + 1 i.e., (80, 82, 18)
(b, c, d) Same as a.
(b) (16, 63, 65) (c) (26, 168, 170) (d) (8, 15, 17)
15. A rectangle has all angles 90°
Thus DABC is a right angle triangle
Whose ∠B = 90°
∴ AC2 = 202 + 152 = 400 + 225 = 625
AC = 25.
∴ Diagonal = 25 cm.
Chapter 7
Exercise 7.1
1. (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 0 (e) 9 (f) 5 (g) 7 (h) 1
(i) 8 (j) 6
2. b, d, e, g, j
3. (a) 173 = 17× 17 × 17 = 4913 (b) 1013 = 101 × 101 × 101 = 1030301
(c) 243 = 24 × 24 × 24 = 13824 (d) 193 = 19 × 19 × 19 = 6859
(e) 223 = 22 × 22 × 22 = 10648
4. (a) 3 2197 = 3 −13 × −13 × −13 (f) 29 24389
13 2197 29 841
13 169 29
3 3

13 24389 = 29 × 29 × 29 = 29
= –13 (g) 3 3375
(b) –5832 3 1125
2 5832 3 375
2 2916 5 125
2 1458 5 25
3 729 5
3 243 3
3375 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
3 81 = 3 × 5 = 15
3 27 (h) 17 4913
3 9 17 289
3 17
3
− 3 +5832 = − +2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 3
4913 = 3
17 × 17 × 17 = 17
= –(2 × 3 × 3) = –18 5. (a) 2 4608
(c) 3 9261 2 2304
3 3087 2 1152
3 1029 2 576
7 343 3 288
7 49 2 144
7 2 72
3
9261 = 3 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7 2 36
= 3 × 7 = 21 2 18
4608 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
3 9 ×2×2 ×2×2
(d) 5 15625 ×3×3
5 3125 3
5 625 Since 3 is less in forming triplets so
5 125 it should multiplied with 3 to make
perfect cube.
5 25
5
(b) 2 10584
3
15625 = 3 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 2 5292
= 5 × 5 = 25 2 2646
(e) 19 6859 3 1323
19 361 3 441
19 3 147
7 49
3 3
6859 = 19 × 19 × 19 = 19 7
10584 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 4374 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Since one 7 is less in forming triplets Since 2 and 3 are not forming triplets
so 7 is the smallest no that must be hence 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 i.e., 36 is the ... .
multiplied. (f) 5 8575
(c) 2 26244 5 1715
2 13122 7 343
3 6561 7 49
3 2187 7
3 729 8575 = 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7
3 243 Since 5 is not forming triplets hence
3 81 5 is the smallest no by which 8575
must be multiplied.
3 27
3 9 (g) 2 8640
3 2 4320
26244 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 2160
Since 2 and 3 are not forming triplets 2 1080
so 2 × 3 = 6 is the smallest no by 2 540
which 26244 must be multiplied to 2 270
form a perfect cube.
5 135
(d) 2 9408
3 27
2 4704 3 9
2 2352 3
2 1176 8640 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3
2 588 Since 5 is not forming triplets hence
2 294 5 × 5 = 25 is the smallest no by which
8640 must be multiplied.
7 147
(h) 2 2592
7 21
2 1296
3
2 648
9408 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 3 2 324
Since 7 and 3 are not forming triplets
2 162
hence 7 × 3 × 3 = 63 is the smallest
no by which 9408 must be multiplied 3 81
to make it perfect cube. 3 27
(e) 2 4374 3 9
3 2187 3
Required number = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18
3 729
6. (a) 2 392
3 243
3 81 2 196
3 27 2 98
3 9 7 49
3 7
392 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 1296 must be divided to make it a
Since 7 × 7 is not forming triplets perfect cube.
hence 49 is the smallest no by which (e) 2 5000
392 must be divided to make it a 2 2500
perfect cube. 2 1250

(b) 2 648 5 625
2 324 5 125
2 162 5 25
3 81 5
3 27 5000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
3 9 Since 5 is not forming triplet hence
5000 must be divided by 5 to make
3
it a perfect cube.
648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
(f) 5 33275
Since 3 is not forming the triplet, 5 6655
so 3 is the smallest no by which 648
11 1331
must be divided to make it a perfect
cube. 11 121
11

(c) 5 3645
33275 = 5 × 5 × 11 × 11 × 11
3 729
Since 5 is not forming triplet hence
3 243
3 81 it a perfect cube.
3 27 (g) 2 5880
3 9
2 2940
3
2 1470
3645 = 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 5 735
Since 5 is not forming triplet hence 7 147
5 is the smallest no by when 3645 7 21
must be divided to make it a perfect
cube. 3
5880 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 3
(d) 2
1296 Since 5, 7 and 3 are not forming
2 648 triplet hence 5880 must be divided
2 324 by 735 to make it a perfect cube.
2 162 (h) 2 29160
3 81 2 14580
3 27 2 7290
3 9 2 3430
3 5 1715
7 343
1296 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
7 49
Since 2 and 3 are not forming triplet
hence 6 is the smallest no by when 7
29160 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7 (b) 2 1620
Since 2 and 5 are not forming triplet 3 810
hence it must be divided by 10 to 3 270
make it a perfect cube. 3 90
(i) 2
5400 3 30
2 2700 2 10
2 1350 5
No as the prime factors are not
3 675 forming triplets.
5 225 (c) 5 3375
5 45 5 675
3 9 5 135
3 3 27
3 9
5400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3
3
Yes as the prime factors are forming
it must be divided by 25 to make it a
triplets.
perfect cube.
(j) 2 10240 (d) 5 2025
2 5120 5 405
2 2560 3 81
2 1280 3 27
2 640 3 9
2 320 3
No as prime 5 is not the forming
2 160 triplets.
2 80 (e) Yes (f) No
2 40 (g) 2 10648
2 20 2 5324
2 10 2 2662
5 11 1331
11 121

10240 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
×2×2×2×2×5 11

Since 2 and 5 are not forming Yes as all prime no are forming
triplets hence it must be divided by triplets.
20 to make it perfect cube. (h) 2 1296
7. (a) 2 588 2 648
2 324
2 294
2 162
7 147 3 81
7 21 3 27
3 3 9
As the prime factors are not forming 3
triplets. No as all prime no. are not forming
triplets.
(i) 2 1728 (k) 2 4608
2 864 2 2304
2 432 2 1152
2 216
2 576
2 108
2 54 2 288
3 27 2 144
3 9 2 72
3 2 36
Yes as all prime no are forming 2 18
triplets. 3 9
(j) 3 3087
3
3 1029
7 343 No as the prime no 3 is not forming
7 49 triplets.
7
No as prime no 3 is not forming
triplets.
8. (a) 9261 make the triplets from unit place side.

9261
Look for the no. whose cube ends in 1.
i.e., 1
So unit place of the cube root will have 1
Next no is 9 (other then triplet)
Now look for the no cube is less or equal to 9.
i.e., 2 as 23 = 8
∴ Tens digit will have 2.
∴ 3 9261 = 21
(b) 1331
Unit digit of the cube will be 1.
tens digit is also 1.
∴ 3 1331 = 11
(c) 1728
728 , the no whose cube ends in 8 is 2.
∴ Unit digit will be 2.
the no whose cube is 1 is 1.
∴ 3 1728 = 12
(d) 5832
832 the no whose cube ends with 2 is 8 hence unit digit of cube root will have 8.
the cube of 1 is less than 5.
⇒ tens digit will have 1.
∴ 3 5832 = 18
(e) 3375
375 = Unit digit is 5.
3 = ones digit is 1.
∴ 3 3375 = 15
(f) 2744
744 = Unit digit will be 4 as cube of 4 ends with 4.
2 = ones digit will be 1 as cube of 1 less than 2.
∴ 3 2744 = 14
(g) 343000
unit digit = 0
ten digit 7 as cube of 7 is 343
∴ 3 34300 = 70
(h) 12167
167= unit digit will be 3 as cube of 3 ends in 7.
12 = ten digit of cube root will be 2 as cube of 2 is less then 12.
∴ 3 12167 = 23
(i) 32768
768= unit digit of cube root is 2 as cube of 2 ends in 8.
32 = cube of 3 is less then 32.
3
∴ 32768 = 32
(j) 4913
913 = unit digit of cube root will be 7 as cube of 7 ends in 3.
4 = ten digit will be 1 as cube of one is less then 4.
∴ 3 4913 = 17
(k) 314432
432 = unit digit of cube will be 8 as cube of 8 ends in 2.
314 = tens digit will be 6 as 63 = 216 < 314.
∴ 3 314432 = 68
9. Volume = 2744
l3 = 2744
unit digit will be 4 as the cube of 4 ends 4. and ten digit will be 1.
l = 14 cm
3
10. l = 512
l=8
New cube side = 16
volume = 16 × 16 × 16 = 4096 cm3
11. (a) 636056
Note: no of digit will be equal to the no. of triplets formed if the digits are divided in
triplets completely otherwise it is one more than the no of triplets formed.
∴ 2 digit
(b) 74088 = 1
+ 1 = 2 digits (c) 1331 = 1 + 1 = 2 digits
(d) 8000000 = 2 + 1 = 3 digits (e) 3722875 = 2 + 1 = 3 digits
(f) 59319 = 1 + 1 = 2 digits (g) 12167 = 1 + 1 = 2 digits
(h) 50653 = 1 + 1 = 2 digits.
12. (a) 3 125 × 3375 = 3 125 × 3 3375 = 5 × 15 = 75.
(b) 3 45 × 75 = 3 3 × 3 × 5 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 3 × 5 = 15
(c) 3 140 × 2450 = 3 2 × 7 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 2 × 5 × 7 = 70
343 7 1
(d) 3 = =
9261 21 3
5.832 18
(e) 3 = = 1.8
1000 10
−216 −6 1
(f) 3 = = −1
125 5 5
Worksheet
27 – 64
1. (a) 3375 (b) 13824 (c) 6859 (d) 4913 (e)
3375
2. (b) 64, 512000, 8000, 12500, 1728, 216 are the cubes of even no. 729, 3375, 1331, 343
are cubes of odd no.
1 1331
3. (a) – 64 (b) – (c) 29.791 (d) (e) 0.000125
3375 125
(f) 1.728 (g) 2197
4913
4. (a) 7290 is not perfect cube as no of zero is one.
(b) 1027 is not a perfect cube as it does not resolve into prime factors.
(c) 3 1331 = 3 11 × 11 × 11 = 11
(d) 3 3375 = 3 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 15
(e) 3 7000 = 3 7 × 10 × 10 × 10 = not perfect cube
(f) 100000 = Not a perfect cube as no of zero at the end is not a multiple of 3.
(g) 3 17576 = 3 2 × 2 × 2 × 13 × 13 × 13 = 2 × 13 = 26.
5. (a) 2 1372 1372 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7

2 686 Since 2 is not forming triplet hence
1372 must be multiplied with 2 to
7 343 make it perfect cube.
7 49
7
(b) 2
7776 6. (a) 2 3456
2 3888 2 1728
2 1944 2 864
2 972
2 432
2 486
3 243 2 216
3 81 2 108
3 27 2 54
3 9 3 27
3 3 9
7776 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 3
Since 2 and 3 are not forming triplets 3456 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
hence 7776 must be multiplied with
Since 2 is forming triplet hence 2 is
6 to make it perfect cube.
the smallest no. by which 3456 must
(c) 2 1080 be divided to make it perfect cube.
2 540 3456 ÷ 2 = 1728
2 270 3
1728 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12.
3 135
(b) 2 2916
3 45
2 1458
3 15
3 729
5
1080 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 3 243
Since 5 is not making triplet hence 3 81
it should be multiplied with 25 to 3 27
make it perfect cube. 3 9
(d) 2 6750 3
5 3375
2916 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
5 675
5 135
3 27
it perfect cube.
3 9
2916 ÷ 4 = 729
3 3
729 = 9.
Since 2 is not making triplet hence
6750 must be multiplied with 4 to (c) 3 729
mark it perfect cube. 3 243
(e) 2 2662 3 81
11 1331 3 27
11 121 3 9
11 3
2662 = 2 × 11 × 11 × 11 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Since 2 is not making triplet hence Since all three are forming triplets
2662 must be multiplied with 4 to hence it is a perfect cube and 3 729
make it perfect cube. = 9.

(d) 2 2048
∴ 2048 = 512
2 1024 4
3
2 512 512 = 8.
2 256 2
1080
2 128
(e)
2
540
2 64 2
270
2 32 3
135
2 16 3
45
2 8 3
15
2 4 5
2 1080 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
2048 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 Since 5 is not forming triplet hence
5 is the smallest no. by which 1080
×2×2×2×2
must be divided to make it perfect
Since 2 is not forming triplet hence 4 cube.
is the smallest no. by which 2048 must ∴ 1080 ÷ 5 = 216
be divided to make it perfect cube. 3
216 = 6.
7. (a) 3 216 = 3 6 × 6 × 6 = 6 (b) 3 −4 12 = 3 −512 = 3 −8 × −8 × −8 = −8

2197 13 × 13 × 13 13 125 125 5×5×5 5
(c) 3 29.791 = 3.1 (using approximation)

(d) − 3 10.648 = –2.2 (using approximation)
8. V = 91125 cm3 = l3
l = 3 91125 = 45 cm

9. (a) 1728
728 = unit digit will be 2 as the cube of 2 ends in 8.
1 = tens digit will be as 13 = 1.
3
1728 = 12
(b) −4096
096 = unit digit will be 6 as cube of 6 ends with 6.
4 = tens digit will be 1 as 13 < 4.
3
4096 = 16
3
−4096 = –16
(c) 12.167
167 = unit digit of the cuberoot will be 3 as cube of 3 ends in 7.
12 = tens digits will be 2 as 23 = 8 < 12
3
12.167 = 2.3
(d) 4.913
913 = unit digit of cuberoot will be 7 as cube of 7 ends in 3.
4 = tens digits will be 1 as 13 < 4.
3 4.913 = 1.7
Chapter 8
Exercise 8.1 0.35 × 100 35

2. (a) 0.35 = =
1. (a) Let the no be `x 100 100
2.5% of x = 40 = 35%
2 .5 1
× x = 40 40 (b) 1 : 20 = × 5 10 0 = 5%
100 40 × 1000 20
x=
2 .5 4 20
(c) × 100 = 80%
= ` 1600 5
(b) Let the no be x. 27
(d) = 27%
∴ 8.5 % of x = 51 100
8.5 × x = 51 40
3. (a) × 9 00 = 360
100 200 1 00
3
51 × 1000
x= (b) 50% of x = 1050
8.5 17 50
× x = 1050
= 600 100
2
(c) Let 70% of x = 350 Litres x = 1050 × 100 = 2100
70 × x = 350 50

100 (c) 2.5% of x = 300
50
350 × 100 2.5 × x = 300
x=
70 100
40
300 × 1000
= 500 litre. x= = 12000
2 .5
(d) Let 49% of x kg is 196 kg. 40
(d) 40% of 750 = × 750 = ` 300
49 × x = 196 100
100
4
(e) 30% of x = 1080
x= 196 × 100 = 400 kg. 36
108 0 × 100
x= = 3600
49 30
4. Amits expenditure = `20,000
Amits savings = `60,000
Total income = Expenditure + Saving = `20,000 + 60000 = `80,000
Ratio of income : Expenditure = 80,000 : 20000 = 4 : 1
3
60000 25
Percentage saving = × 100 = 75%.
2 80000
5. Age of Man = 45 years
Son's age = 45 – 30 = 15 years
Wife's age = 15 + 25 = 40 years
Ratio of ages of son and wife = 15 : 40 = 3 : 8
6. Parts of tin = 15
Parts of copper = 105
5
15
% of tin in alloy = Part of tin × 100 = × 10 0 2.5 = 12.5%
Total parts 4 12 0
% of copper = (100 – 12.5)% = 87.5%
7. % of Defective pen = 30%
No of defective pen = 180
let the total no of pen = x
∴ 30% of x = 180
30
× x = 180
100
6
18 0 × 100
x= = 600 pens
30
8. (a) % of girls = 30%
No of girls = 210
let the total no of students = x
∴ 30% of x = 210
30
× x = 210
100 7
21 0 × 100
x= = 700 students
30
No of boys = total no of students – No of girls = 700 – 210 = 490.
(b) Total distance covered = 71 km × 2 (Bothways) = 142 km
Cost of transportation = `20 × 142 = 2840
Cost of refreshment = `44020
Total cost of trip = Refreshment + transportation = `44020 + `2840 = `46860
Total no of the people went for picnic = 700 + 10
Cost per head = Total cost ÷ No of people = 46860 ÷ 710 = `66
25
9. Social Science = 25% of 4 hrs = × 4 = 1 hr.
100 4
20 20
Science = 20% of 4 hrs = × 4hr. = × 4 × 60 minutes = 48 minutes
100 100
English = 20% of 4 hrs = 48 minutes
Hindi = 10% of 4 hrs = 24 minutes (as 10% is half of 20%)
Maths = 25% of 4 hrs = 1 hrs (Same as Social Science)
10. C.P of machine = `34,500
Discount % = 15%
15
Discount = 15% of 34,500 = × 345 00 = `5175
1 00
Selling price or sale price = `34500 – `5175 = `29325
11. (a) M.P. of shirts = `2000
Discount% = 10%
10
Discount = 10% of 2000 = × 20 00 = 200
1 00
S.P. of shirt = `2000 – `200 = `1800
(b) M.P. of bag = `5000
Discount % = 20%
20
Discount = 20% of 5000 = × 50 00 = 1000
1 00
S.P. of bag = `5000 – `1000 = `4000
(c) M.P. of socks = `300
Discount % = 25%
25
Discount = 25% of 300 = × 3 00 = 75
1 00
S.P. of socks = (`300 – `75) = `225
(d) M.P. of shoes = `3000
Discount % = 12%
Discount = 12% of 3000 = 12 × 30 00 = 360
1 00
S.P of socks = (`3000 – `360) = `2640
Total bill amount = `1800 + `4000 + `225 + 2640 = `8665
12. Cost price of sofa set = `75,000
S.P. of sofa set = `67500
Discount = `7500
7500
Discount % = × 1 00 = 10%
75 000
13. Let the marked price = x
S.P. = `52,250
Discount% = 5%
100
M.P. = × 52250 = `55000
95
14. Coat price of one fan = `1200
Cost price of 500 fans = `1200 × 500 = `600000
Defective fan = 50
Remaining fans = 500 – 50 = 450
S.P of 1 fan = `1500
S.P of 450 fans = `1500 × 450 = 6,75,000
Since S.P > C.P
There is a profit
Profit = S.P – C.P = 675000 – 600000 = 75000
75 000
Profit % = × 1 00 = 12.5%.
6 000 00
15. C.P of 20 kg apples = `3000
S.P of 1 kg apples = `160
S.P of remaining (20 – 2) kg apples = 18 × `160 = `2880
S.P < C.P
So there is loss
Loss = C.P – S.P = `3000 – `2880 = `12
120
∴ Loss % = × 1 00 = 4%
30 00
16. S.P of fan = 1254

Loss % = 5%
100 100
C.P = × S.P = × 1254 = `1320
100 − loss 95
Second Fan
S.P = `1254
100 100
C.P = × S.P = × 1254 = `1140
100 + P% 110
Total S.P = 1254 × 2 = `2508
Total C.P = 1320 + 1140 = 2460
8
Profit% = Profit × 100 =

(2508 − 2460) 48 39
× 100 = × 100 = 1
C.P 2460 246 0 41
41
17. C.P of two T.V sets = 2 × `10000 = `20,000
100 + Profit%
SP one at a profit of 5% = × C.P
100
105
= × 1000 00 = `10,500
1 00
100 − loss% 100 − 10
SP of the other at loss of 10% = × C.P = × 10,000
100 100
90
= 10,0 00 = `9000
1 00
Total SP = `10,500 + `9000 = `19500
Total SP < Total CP
∴ There is loss.
loss 20,000 − 19500 5 00
Loss% = × 100 = × 100 = × 1 00 = 2.5%
C.P 20,000 2 00 00
18. C.P of article = `20,000
Amount spent on repair = `500
Amount spent on transportation = `400
Total C.P = `20,900
Profit = 10%
100 + Profit% 100 + 10 110
S.P = × C.P = × 20, 900 = × 20, 9 00 = `22,990
100 100 1 00
19. C.P of 60 articles = `5400
90
540 0
C.P of 1 article =
60
Profit = 12%
S.P = C.P ×
(100 + profit%) = 90 × 112 = `100.80
100 100
20. S.P of TV = `10,000
Profit = 10%
100
C.P = × `10,000 = 100 × 10000 = `9090 10
100 + profit% 110 11
S.P of tablet = `10,000
Loss = 10%
100 100
C.P = × 1000 = × 10000 = ` 11111 1
100 − loss 90 9
10 1  10 1   90 + 11 
Total C.P = `9090 + 11111 = 20201  +  = 20201 
11 9  11 9   99 
 101   2  2
= 20201   = 20201 1 +  = `20202
 99   99  11
C.P > S.P
2
Loss = CP – SP = ` 202
99
21. (a) Total C.P of clothes purchased = `4500 + `1800 (Two shirts) = `6300
Discount = 15% of `6300 = `945
Bill amount = `6300 – `945 = `5355
(b) Total amount `7500 + `20,000 = `27500
Discount = 10% of `27500 = `2750
\ Bil amount = `27500 – `2750 = `24750
22. S.P of pair of shoes = `4000
Discount = 20%
100 100
C.P or M.P of shoes = × S.P = × 400 0 50 = `5000
100 − Discount 80
23. Decrease in enrollment = 3500 – 2800 = 700
20
%Decrease = Decrease 700
100 = × 100 = 20%
Original paper 35 00
24. Original no = x
1
New no = x
2
1 1
Change in no = x – x = x
2 2
1
x
Decrease% = 2 × 100 = 50%
x
25. `4500 is 500 less than `5000
10
50 0
So decrease% = × 100 = 10%
50 00
`5000 is 500 more than `4500
100
So increase% = 500 1
× 100 = 11 %
9 45 00 9
No it is not same.
26. Total cost of items = Cost of bedspruad + Two flower vase + 5 kg butter
= 2000 + 3000 + 900 = `5900
Bill amount = `5900 + 5% of `5900 = `5900 + `295 = `6195
27. (a) Let the price be = `x
8  108 x
x + 8% of VAT = ( x + 8% of x) =  x + x =
 100  100
108 x = 27000
100
27000 × 100
x= = 25000.
108
(b) Let the price be = `y
y + 8% of y = 367.20
108 y
= 367.20
100
y = 100 × 367.20 = `340.

108
Exercise 8.2
p × r × t 200 00 × 15 × 2
1. (a) S.I. = = = ` 6000
100 1 00
t 2
 r   15 
(b) A = p × 1 +  = 20, 000 1 +
 100   100 
115 115
= 2 00 00 × × = `26450
1 00 1 00
C.I = A–P = `26450 – `20000 = `6450
(c) Difference = CI – SI = (6450 – 6000) = ` 450
2. (a) C.I = A – P
 r1 
t  105 21  105
21
A = P × 1 + = 246 00 ×  × = `27121.50
 100   100  100 20
4
C.I = A–P = `27121.50 – `24600 = `2521.50

1
(b) P = 21600, t = 2 years, r = 12 %
2
t 2
 r 
A = P × 1 + 1  = 21600 × 1 + 25 
 100   200 
 225 45  225 45
= 108 = `27337.50
216 00 ×  ×
 200 40  2 00
8
(c) P = `8000, t = 3 years, r = 10%

t 3
 r   10   110  110 110
A = P × 1 + 1  = 8000 × 1 + = 8000 ×  × ×
 100   100    100  100 100
= `10648
C.P = A – P = `10648 – `8000 = `2648
1
3. P = `30,000, r = 10%, t = 2 years
2
For 2 years we calculate amount first and then we will calculate S.I on that amount for
1
half year and their A after 2 1 years = A after two years + Interest for years.
2 2
t 2
 r1   10  110 110
(a) A (for 2 years) = P × 1 +
 100  = 30000 × 1 +  = 3 00 00 × ×
 100  1 00 1 00
= `36300
1 P× R×T 5
S.I on 36300 for years = = 363 00 × 10 × 1 = 1815
2 100 1 00 2
1
Amount after 2 years = (36300 + 1815)` = `38115
2
C.I = A – P = `38115 – `30,000 = `8115
Alternative method
1
For first two years we have r = 10%, t = years and for the year we have r1 = 5% t1 = 1
half year 2
Full year t 2
∴ A = p 1 + r   r1  1 = 30000 × 1 + 10  × 1 + 5 
  × 1 +    
t  100  100  100 
110 110 105
= 3 00 00 × × × = `38115
1 00 1 00 100
C.I = A – P = `38115 – `30,000 = `8115
1
(b) P = `5000, r = 10%, t = 1 year
2
When compounded half yearly r is halved and time is doubled.
∴ r1 = 5, t1 = 3 half years
t 3 21 21
 r 1 105 105 105
A = P × 1 + 1  = 5000 × 1 + 5  = 5000 × × ×
 100   100  100 2 10 0 100 20
4
= `5788.125
C.I = A – P = `5788.125 – `5000 = `788.125
(c) P = `15000, t = 1 year, r = 8% (Half yearly)
When it is compounded half yearly.
r1 halved = 4%
t1 double = 2 half year.
t 2 52
 r   4  3 104 104
A = P × 1 + 1  = 15000 × 1 + = 15 000 × ×
 100   100  100 2 10 0
= `16224
C.I = A – P = `16224 – `15000 = `1224
(d) p = 8000, r = 10%, t = 1 year
When it is compounded quantity then.
r1 = one fourth of r = 10
4
t1 = 4 times = 4 × 1
t
 r1   5   5   5  5 
A = P × 1 +  = p = 1 +  × 1 +  × 1 +   1+ 
 100   200   200   200   200 
 41 41 41 41 
205 205 205 205
= 8000 ×  × × ×  = ` 8830.50
 200 4 20 0 200 40 20 200 
40 
 4
C.I = A – P = `8830.50 – 8000 = `830.50

4. C.I = ?
1

r = 9%, t = 18 months, 1 year
2
When interest is compounded semiannually then
9
r1 = , t = 3 half years
2
t 3
 r1  1  9  = 3 6000 × 209 209 209
A = P × 1 + = 6000 × 1 + × ×
 100   
200  10 20 0 200 200
= `6847 (approx.)
C.I = A – P = `6847 – `6000 = `847 (approx.)
5. Half Yearly
P = `60000
t1 = 2 half year
r1 = 4% per half year.
2
 4   104   104 
C.I = P × 1 ×  = 60000 ×  = `64896
 100   100   100 
Quarterly
P = `60000
t2 = 4 quarter year
r2 = 2% per quarter
t  102 102 51
102 51
102 
 r2  2
C.I = P × 1 + = 3 60000 ×  × × × 
 100   100 100
25 50
100 50 100 
= `64952.9296
Difference in amount to be paid = `64952.9296 – `64896.000 = `56.9296
6. P = `50000
r = 12%
t = 3 years
t 3
 r   12 
A = P × 1 + = 50000 × 1 +
 100   100 
112 112 112
= 50000 × × × = `70246.40
100 100 100
Interest for the third year = Amount after 3 year – amount after 2 year.
Let us calculater amount after 2 years.
2 2
 r   12  112 112
A1 = P1 × 1 +  = 5000 × 1 +  = 50000 × × = `62720
 100   100  100 100
I nterst for 3rd year = A – A1 = `7526.40
7. P = `12000
t = 2 year
r = 6%% for 2 years
P × r × t 1200 × 6 × 2
S.I = = = `1440
100 100
C.I = A – P
t 2
 r   6  6 106 106
A = P × 1 + = 12000 × 1 + = 12 000 × ×
 100   100  100 5 10 0
= `13483.2
C.I = A – P = 13483.2 – 12000 = `1483.2
Difference = C.I – S.I = 1483.2 – 1440 = `43.20
8. P = 80,000
r = 12%
Compounded half yearly
(a) r1 = 6% per half year.
t1 = 2 half year
t
 r1  1
A= P × 1 +
 100 
2
6 
A = 80000 × 1 +  = 80000 × 106 × 106 = `89888
 100  100 100
(b) r2 = 6% per half year.
t2 = 18 months = 3 half year
t
 r 2
A = P × 1 + 2 
 100 
3
6  106 106 106
A = 80000 × 1 +  = 80000 × × × = `95281.28
 100  100 100 100
9. Let us calculate C.I in three cases
(a) When it is compounded annually
t 1
r 
A = P × 1 + = 
80000 × 1 +
10  =
80000 ×
110 = `88000
 100   100   100
C.I = `88000 – `80000 = `8000
When it is compounded semi annually
t 2
 r 1  5  105  105
A1 = P × 1 + 1  = p × 1 + = p ×  ×
 100   100   100  100
= 80000 × 105 × 105 = `88200

100 100
C.I = `88200 – `80000 = `8200
Difference in interest = `8200 – `8000 = `200
(b) When compounded quarterly
r1 = 2.5%
t = 4 quarter year
4 4
 2 .5   1025 
A = 80000 × 1 +  = 80000 ×  = 80000 × (1.025)4 = `88305.03
 100   1000 
C.I = `88305.03 – `80000 = `8305.03
Difference in interest = `8305.03 – `8200 = `105.03
10. P = `52800
t = 15%
r = 2 years and 5 months
First we will calculate amount for two years and then on that amount we will calculate
S.I for 5 months.
t 23 23
 r  115 115
A = P × 1 + = 52800 × × = `69828
 100  100 100 20 4
Interest for 5 months on `69828
3
S.I = 69828 × 15 × 5 = `4364.25
20
100 × 12 4
4
∴ Amount to be returned after 2 years and 5 months = A + S.I

= 69828 + 4364.25 = `74192.25
11. S.I = `7500
t = 3 years
r = 10% p.a.
P=?
S.I × 100 250
P= = 750 0 × 100 = `25000
t×r 3 × 10
A=?
P = `25000
t = 3 years
r = 10%
t 3
r 
A = P × 1 +  = 
25000 × 1 +
10  =
 25000 ×
110 110 110
× ×
 100   100  100 100 100
A = `33275
C.I = `33275 – `25000 = `8275
12. Original value = 75000
r=8%
t = 2 years
vt = value of machine after 2 years
v0 = value of machine today
2
r 
∴ vt = v0 1 − 
 100 
2 46
v2 = 75000 × 1 − 8  = 15
75 000 ×
92
×
92 = `63480
 100  100 2 10 0
∴ Value of the machine after 2 years is `63480
13. P2017 = 900000
P2019 = ?
r = 10%
t = 2 years
2
 10   110 110 
P2019 = P2017 1 + = 900000 ×  + = 1,089,000
 100   100 100 
Population in 2015, t = 2 years, r = 10%
t 110   110 
P2017 = P2015 1 + r  = P2015 

100
  100   100 
900000 × 100 × 100
= P2015
110 × 110
743801.65 = P2015
743802
approx = P2015
14. Original count = 20,000
rate of increase = 4%
time = 4 hrs
Count after 4 hrs.
4
t 104 104
Pt = P0 1 + r  = 20000 1 + 4  = 20000 × × = 21632.
   100  100 100
100
15. v0 = 10,00,000
r = 8% (To make change in Questions or ans.)
t = 3 years
t 3
v3 = v0 1 + r  = 1000000 1 + 8  = 1000000 × 108 × 108 × 108
   
100  100  100 100 100
= 1213056
v2 = 1166400 As given in ans.
16. (a) P = 1,00,000
r = 10%
t = 1 year
 110 
A = 100000 ×  = 110000
 100 
C.I = 10,000
Amount of Scholarship each one will get = `500
(b) If one more stream is introduced their
10000 = 3333.33 approx.

3
will be amount for each topper.
(c) Love for alma mater
Worksheet 1
1. 30% of 900
30
(a) × 9 00 = 270
1 00
(b) Let the no. be x.
25% of x = 900
25
× x = 900
100
4
900 × 100
x =
25
x = 3600
(c) Let the no be x
60% of x = 36
60
× x = 36
100
6
x = 36 × 100 = 60.
60
(d) 70% of 800 = 70
× 800 = `560
100
2. % of students by own vehicle = 30%
% of students by bus = (100 – 30) = 70%
No of students coming by school bus = 70% of 40 = 70 × 40 = 28 students
100
3. Let the no of students appeared by x.
Then 5% of x are selected and no of students selected = 15.
5% of x = 15
5
× x = 15
100 3
x = 15 × 100
5
x = 300
4. % spent on house rent = 10%
% spent on education = 20%
% spent on other expense = 40%
Total % spent = (10 + 20 + 40)% = 70%
Saving % = (100 – 70)% = 30%
Let the monthly salary be x.
∴ 30% of x = 27000
900
2700 0 × 100 = `90,000
30
5. Present population = 250000
Let population after a year = P1
1
 5  105
P1 = P0 1 + r  = 250000 × 1 +  = 250000 × = 262500.
  100 100
100 
Let population a year before = x
then population after a year is 250000
 5 
∴ 250000 = x × 1 + 
20  100 
250000 × 100
=x
105 21

x = 238095 (approx.)
6. Cost price of 1 kg rice = `75
Gain% = 15%
100 + Gain % 115 3 345

SP of 1 kg rice = × 75 = × 75 = = `86.25
100 4 100 4
7. S.P of one fan = `2100
profit = 5%
100 100 20
C.P of first fan = × S.P = × 2100 = `2000
100 + P% 105
S.P of second fan = `2100
loss = 10%
100 100 700
Cost P of second fan = × 2100 = × 2100
100 − loss% 3 90
7000 1
= = 2333
3 3
1 1
Total CP = 2000 + 2333 = 4333
3 3
Total SP = 2 × 2100 = `4200
CP > SP
1 1
So Loss = CP – SP = 4333 – 4200 = 1333
3 3
1
1333
Loss% = 3 × 100 = 400 × 100 = 40 % = 2 1 %
1 13000 13 13
4333
3
8. M.P = `2500
Discount = 40%
100 − 40  100 − Disc%  60
S.P = × 2500 =   × MP = × 2500 = `1500
100  100  100
9. No of people who visited Library on Sunday = 860
No of people who visited Library on Monday = 215
Decrease in no = 860 – 215 = 645
645
Decrease% = × 100 = 75%
860
10. (a) List Price = `550
Discount = 20%
Sale price = List price – Discount = 550 – 20% of 550 = 550 – 110 = `440
100 − Disc% 80
Or Sale price = × L.P = × 550 = `440
100 100
18
bill amount after 18% GST = `440 + 18% of `440 = `440 + × 440
1 00
= `440 + 79.2 = `519.20
(b) S.P = `440
C.P = %
loss = 20%
100 10 0 55
C.P = × S.P = × 440 = `550
100 − Loss% 80
S.P at a profit of 10% = C.P + 10% of C.P = 550 + 10% of 550 = 550 + 55 = `605
11. Time period given is 2 1 years so we will calculate amout for 2 years and then on that
4 1
amount we will calculate S.I for years.
A = `8000 4
r = 6%
t = 2 years
t 2
 r   6  =  106  106
A = P × 1 +  = P × 1 + 8000 ×  × = `8988.8
 100   100   100  100
1
S.I for years on 8988.8
4
4494.4
= p× r × t = 8988.80 × 6 3 1 = 134.832
×
100 100 42
A = 8988. 8 + 134.832 = 9123.63
CI = A – P = 9123.63 – 8000
= 1123.63
12. S.I = = p × r × t = 2000 × 9 × 2 = `360
100 100
t 2
109 109
A = P × 1 + r  = 2000 × 1 + 9  = 2000 × × = 2376.2
   100  100 100
100
CI = A – P = 2376.2 – 2000 = `376.2
Difference = C.I – S.I = `(376.2 – 360) = `16.2
13. P = ` 10000
t = 18 month
r = 8%
r1 = 4% half yearly.
1
t=1 years = 3 years
2
t
 r 1
A = P × 1 + 1 
 100 
3
 4   104   104   104 
= 10000 × 1 + = 10000     = `11248.64
 100  100   100   100 
CI = A – P = 11248.64 – 10000 = `1248.64

14. S.P = ` 4160
VAT = 4%
MP = ?
x + 4%x = 4160
x 1 + 4  = 4160
 100  4
4160 × 100
x= = `4000
104
Worksheet 2
1. (a) car : cycle (e) 5 m to 25 km
80 : 10 5
5 : 25 × 1000m = 1 : 5000
8:1 (f) 300 mL to 4 letres
(b) 3 hr to 4 day 300 : 4 × 1000 = 3 : 40
3 = 1 : 32 (g) 250 gm to 2 kg
4 × 24 8 4
250 : 2 × 1000 = 1 : 8
(c) 500 paise to 150 rupees
(h) 20 cm to 2 cm
500 : 150 30 × 100 = 1 : 30
(d) 30 sec to 2 minutes 20 : 2 = 10 : 1
30 : 2 × 60 (i) 2 months to 3 years
6
30 : 120 2 : 3 × 12 = 1 : 18
1 : 4
5 500 2 2.75
2. (a) 5 : 12 = × 100 = = 41 % (b) = 275%
12 12 3 100
3 50 1 11 20
(c) × 100 = 150% (d) 2 = × 100 = 220%
2 5 5
3. M.P = `900
S.P = `864 = 36
Discount = MP – SP = 900 – 864 = 36
4
Discount 36
Discount% = × 100 = × 100 = 4%
MP 900
4. Amita profit = 50 – 25 = `25
Sunita’s profit = 70 – 35 = `35
unita net profit = `35 – packing = `(35 – 5) = `30
S
Sunita will have `5 more profit on each item.
5. C.P of laptop = `25000
Spent = `1000
Total C.P = `26000
S.P = `32500
S.P > C.P
Profit = SP – CP = 32500 – 26000 = `6500
6500
Profit % = Profit × 100 = × 100 = 25%
CP 26000
6. (a) C.P. cricket bat = `750
Amount spent unpolishing = `50
Profit = 10%
Total CP = `750 + 50 = `800
Profit = 10% of 800 = `80
S.P = C.P + Profit = 800 + 80 = 880.
(b) Total CP = `60000 + `1500 = `61500
loss% = 5%
loss = 5% of 61500 = 5
× 61500 = 3075
100
S.P = C.P – Loss = `61500 – `3075 = `58425
(c) Total CP of cooler =
`1560 + `400 + `240 = `2200
Profit = 15%
15
Profit = 15% of 2200 = × 2200 = `330
100
S.P = `2200 + 330 = `2530.
7. Price of car = `460000
15
Increase = 15% of 460000 = × 460000 = 69000
100
New price of car = `460000 + `69000 = `529000
8. Total CP of 300 bulbs = 300 × 15 = `4500
No of defective bulbs = 10
Remains bulb = 300 – 10 = 290.
S.P of 290 bulbs at the rate of `18 each = `18 × 290 = `5220
SP > CP
There is profit
Profit = 5220 – 4500 = 720
Profit% = `720 × 100 = 16%
`4500
9. Let the marked price of machine = x
x + 5% of x = 16800
5
x+ x = 16800
100
105
x = 16800
100
800 20
16800 × 100
x=
105 21
x = 16000
10. Let the original salary = x
x + 15% of x = 46000
15 = 46000
x+ x
100
115
x = 46000
100
400
46000 × 100
x=
115
x = 40000
11. Increase in price = `(70 – 62.5) = `7.5
Increased 7.50
Increase % = × 100 = × 100 = 12%
original 62.5
12. P = 20,000
r = 10%
t = 2 year
t 2
 r   10  110 110
A = P × 1 +  = 20, 000 × 1 +  = 20000 × × = 24200
 100   100  100 100
⇒ C.I = A – P = `(24200 – 20,000) = `4200
Payable half yearly
r1 = 5,
t1 = 4 half year
t1 4
A2 = P × 1 + r1  = P × 1 + 5 
 100   100 
21 21 21
= 2 00 00 × 105 × 105 × 105 ×
105 = 24310.125
1 00 1 00 100 20 4 100 20 4
CI1 = A1 – P = `(24310.125 – 20,000) = `4310.125
Difference = CI1 – CI = `(4310.125 – 4200) = `110.125
13. Price of motorcycle = `84000
rate of depreciation = 8%
t = 2 years
2
 100 − 8   100 − 8 
P2 = P0 × 1 − 8  = 84000 × 
 100   100   100 
42 92 92
= 84 000 × × = `71097.60
100 5 10 0
14. S.I = p × r × t = 10000 × 6 × 2 = 1200
100 100
2
A = P × 1 + 5  = 10000 ×  105  × 105
   100  100
100 
A = `11025
CI = A – P = `11025 –10,000 = `1025
He would have to pay `175 more.
15. B3 = No of Bacteria after 3 hrs
B0 = No of bacteria initially
r = 5% per hr.
3 21
5 
B3 = 200000 × 1 +  = 200000 × 105 × 105 × 105 = 231525.
 100  100 100 5 10 0
Chapter 9
Exercise 9.1
2p
1. With one variable – 2x, 7y – 1, , 11 – z, 3 – 5q etc.
5 7x
With two variables – pq, t – r, 2x + 3y – 5, – 11, x – 2a, etc.
15 z
A
With three variables – P = 2(l + b), A = 2prh, V = pr2h, L = , a + b + c, etc (Answer
may vary) b
2.
3. Monomials: – 4xy2z, –3xy; binomials; – 2x + 9, 3x2y + z, 2xy2 – 3yx2, 6xy + 4x

Trinomials: – 2xy + 2x2 + z2, 4xy + 4z2 – 5xy, x + 7y + z, 9z2 + 4y + 9, 3x2 – y2 + 2xy
4. (a) 6y + 5, 4y2 – 7 (b) p + q, p2 – 2q
(c) abc, ab2c, a2bc (d) x2 + x3 – 2x + 7, 3y4 – 2y3 + 7y2 – 1

3
7 2 1
5. (a) yx2, x y 2 2
(b) xy z, –8zxy (c) tz , 11zt (d) utz, 7ztu
11 2
6. Terms Coefficient
(a) –4xyz2, 3xyz –4, 3
(b) 2, y, y2, y3 2, 1, 1, 1
(c) –3xy, 4z2 –3, 4
(d) 3, –pqr, p2q2r2, –3pq2 3, –1, 1, –3
x 2 y2 1 1
(e) , , − 4 xy , ,−4
3 2 3 2
(f) –2xy, y2z, –z2y –2, 1, –1
(g) 0.5a2, 0.6b2, – 0.7ab 0.5, 0.6, –0.7
(h) 3.5ab2, 4a2b, 46c 3.5, 4, 46
7. (a) 2ab + bc + 3ca (b) 2a – b + 4ab

– 3ab + 4bc – 4ac 0 + 4b + 0 – 3c + 4bc
5ab – 5bc + 8ac – 5ac–3a + 0 + 0 + 5c
4ab + obc + 7ac –5ac –a + 3b + 4ab + 2c + 4bc
2x2y2 – 3xy + 5x
(c) (d) l2 + m2 + n2
– 5x2y2 + 9xy + 5x
– 2l2 + 3m2 + 5n2
– 6x2y2 + 8xy – 7x
– 4l2 – 5m2 – 7n2
– 9x2y2 + 14xy + 3x
– 5l2 – m2 – n2
(e) x2 + y2 + z2 (f) – 11x3 + 8x2 + 6x + 10
– 4x2 + 5y2 + 7z2 – 2x3 + 4x2 – 5x + 6
+ 0 + 0 + 0 – 2xy + 4xz – 5yz – 8x3 – 7x2 + 4x – 9
– 3x2 + 6y2 + 8z2 – 2xy + 4xz – 5yz – 21x3 + 5x2 + 5x + 7
8. (a) – 7x2 + 9x – 11 (b) – 2x2y – 4xy – 6y (c) – 6x3y + 7xy – 6x – 8

– 9x2 + 4x + 6 – 7x2y – 4xy + 9y 8x2y – 4xy + 6x + 7
+ – – + + – – + – –
2
2x + 5x – 17 2
5x y + 0 – 15y – 14x2y + 11xy – 12x – 15
(d) 18 – 3x – 11y + 5xy – 2xy2 + 5x2y
– 10 + 7x – 8y – 3xy + 5xy2 + 4x2y
+ – + + – –
28 – 10x – 3y + 8xy – 7xy + 1x2y
2
2
(e) 4x2 + 6x + 3 9x + 6x + 3
2x2 + 4x + 9 6x2 + 10x + 12
6x2 + 10x + 12 – – –
2
3x – 4x – 9
(f) 5x2y + 6x2 + 6y + 2 6x2y + 7x2 – 7y + 4

– 4x2y – 4x2 – 7y + 5 3x2y + 4x2 – 7y – 5
2 2
x y + 2x – y + 7 9x2y + 11x2 – 14y – 1
According to questions, we will subtract.
x2y + 2x2 – y + 7 from 9x2y + 11x2 – 14y – 1.
9x2y + 11x2 – 14y – 1
x2y + 2x2 – y + 7
– – + –
– 8x2y + 9x2 – 13y – 8
9. (a) 17x + 8xy + 20z (b) 12ax + 6by + 11cz
12x + 7xy – 15z – 21ax + 15by – 6cz
– – + – – +
5x + xy + 35z – 9ax – 9by + 17cz
(c)
16x3 + 14x2 – 9x + 15 (d) 7p + 11q – 2r + 19
3 2
17x – 19x + 13x + 25 – 8p – 4q + 6r + 15
– + – – + + – –
3 2
– x + 33x – 22x – 10 15p + 15q – 8r + 4
10. (a) (b) B = – 3x2 – 5xy + 7y2

A = 2x2 + 4xy + 5y2 C = 4x2 + 7xy + 15y2
+B = – 3x2 – 5xy + 7y2 B+C = x2 + 2xy + 22y2
–C = – 4x2 – 7xy – 15y2 A = 2x2 + 4xy + 5y2
A+B–C = – 5x2 – 8xy – 3y2 – (B + C) = – x2 – 2xy – 22y2
A – (B + C) = x2 + 2xy – 17y2
Exercise 9.2
1. (a) –28x2y3 (b) –21p3q3 (c) –15r4s (d) –96p2q2r3 (e) 0 (f) 36u2v2r
2. abr2s; 75m3n; 100x4y2; 52x3y2z2; 8m3n2pq
3. First 3x2y – 4xy – 5x2yz 3pqr 9xyz
polynomial →
Second
Polynomial ↓
– 4xy –12x3y2 16x2y2 20x3y2z –12pqrxy –36x2y2z
– 5xyz –15x3y2z 20x2y2z 25x3y2z2 – 15pqrxyz – 45x2y2z2
– pq –3x2ypq 4pqxy 5pqx2yz – 3p2q2r – 9pqxyz
+ 5xyz 15x3y2z – 20x2y2z – 25x3y2z2 15pqrxyz 45x2y2z2
– 3x2yz – 9x4y2z 12x3y2z 15x4y2z – 9pqrx2yz – 27x3y2z2
+4x2 12x4y –16x3y – 20x4yz 12pqrx2 36x3yz
+5xy2 15x3y3 – 20x2y3 –25x3y3z 15pqrxy2 45x2y3z
4. (a) 72x3y2z2 (b) 42a5b3c3 (c) 108l2m3n3 (d) –y9 (e) 975abcx2y2z2
5. (a) 2xy (3x + 4x2y) = 2xy × 3x + 2xy × 4x2y = 6x2y + 8x3y2
(b) a2 (2ab2 – 5c2) = a2 × 2ab2 – a2 × 5c2 = 2a3b2 – 5a2c2
(c) 3pq (p2 – 5pq) = 3pq × p2 – 3pq × 5pq = 3p3q – 15p2q2
(d) 4pqr (3q2 – 4r2) = 4pqr (3q2) – 4pqr × 4r2 = 12pq3r – 16pqr3
(e) 6yx2 (3y2 + 5y) = 6y2x × 3y2 + 6yx2 × 5y = 18x2y3 + 30x2y2
(f) 2xy (– x2y + 5xy2) = 2xy × (– x2y) + 2xy × 5xy2 = – 2x3y2 + 10x2y3
6. (a) (x + y2) (x – y) = x(x – y) + y2(x – y) = x2 – xy + y2x – y3
(b) (2pr + q) (–q + 5qr) = 2pr (–q + 5qr) + q (–q + 5qr) = –2pqr + 10pqr2 – q2 + 5q2r
(c) (8ab – 5) (4 – 5abc) = 8ab (4 – 5abc) – 5 ( 4 – 5 abc) = 32ab – 40a2b2c – 20 + 25abc
(d) (4p2 – q2) (p2 + q2) = 4p2 (p2 + q2) – q2(p2 + q2) = 4p4 + 3p2q2 – q4
(e) (p – q3) (q – r3) = p(q – r3) – q3(q – r3) = pq – pr3 – q4 + q3r3
7. (a) (3x + 5y) (2x – y) = 3x(2x – y) + 5y(2x – y) = 6x2 – 3xy + 10yx – 5y2
=  −1  1
6x2 + 7xy – 5y2 = 6 × (3)2 + 7(3)   – 5  
 2  4
= 54 − 21 − 5 = 216 − 42 − 5 = 169 = 42 1
2 4 4 4 4
1 −1 −405 1
(b) 3x2y (–5xy + z) = –15x3y2 + 3x2yz = –15 × 27 × +3×9× ×0 = = − 101
4 2 4 4
−1
(c) pq(x – y) = pqx – pqy = 2 × ( −2) × 3 − (2) ( −2 ) × = –12 – 2 = –14
2
(d) 4xp (pq – xp) = 4xp2q – 4x2p2 = 4 × 3 × 4 × (–2) – 4(3)2 (–2)2 = –48 × 2 – 4 × 9 × 4
= –96 – 144 = –240
−1 −1
(e) 2xyz – 2xypq + 5 = 2 × 3 × ×0− 2 ×3× × 2 × (−2) + 5 = 0 – 12 + 5 = –7
2 2
(f) –2pq (x – 3y) + 7
 −1 
–2pqx + 6pqy + 7 = −2 × 2 × (−2) × 3 + 6( 2 )(−2) ×   + 7 = 24 + 12 + 7 = 43
 2 
8. (a) 3xy – 3yz (b) 2x2y – 2xy2
– 4xy + 4yz 0 + 3xy2 + 3xy3
5xy + 5yz 0 + 4xy2 + 4xy3
4xy + 6yz 2x2y + 5xy2 + 7xy3
(c) 3a (ab + bc) = 3a2b + 3abc (d) 4xy (x2 – yz) = 4x3y – 4xy2z
– 4a (ab – 3bc) = –4a2b + 12abc 5y (x3 – xyz) = 5yx3 – 5xy2z
5a (2abc – 5ab) = 10a2bc – 25a2b –3x (x2y – y2z) = –3x3y + 3xy2z
Adding them we write Adding them we have
3a2b + 3abc 4x3y – 4xy2z
– 4a2b + 12abc 5x3y – 5xy2z
– 25a2b + 10a2bc – 3x3y + 3xy2z
– 26a2b + 15abc + 10a2bc
3 2
6x y – 6xy z
9. (a) 3(5x + 7y – 9) = 15x + 21y – 27
4(2x + 5y + 8) = 8x + 20y + 32
8x + 20y + 32
+ 15x + 21y – 27
– – +
– 7x + 1y + 59

(b) (a + 2b) (a – b) = a (a – b) + 2b (a – b) = a2 – ab + 2ba – 2b2 = a2 + ab – 2b2
a2 + ab – 2b2
a2 – ab + b2
– + –
2ab – 3b2
(c) (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) = x(x2 – xy + y2) + y(x2 – xy + y2) = x3 − x2 y + xy2 + yx2 − xy2 + y3
= x3 + y3
(x – y) (x2 + xy + y2) = x(x2 + xy + y2) – y(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 + x2 y + xy2 − yx2 − xy2 − y3
= x3 – y3
x3 + y3
x3 – y3
– +
2y3
(d) a
b (cx + y) + bc (ax + y) = abcx + aby + bcax + bcy = 2abcx + aby + bcy
And 2ac(bx + y) = 2abcx + 2acy
+ 2abcx + 2acy
+ 2abcx + aby + bcy
– – –
(2ac – ab – bc)y
(e) (p + q) (p – q) = p2 – q2
2 2 2 2
(p + r) (r – p) = p(r – p) + r (r – p) = pr − p + r − rp = r − p
From the sum of (p + r) (r – p) and r2 – q2 = (r2 – p2) + r2 – q2 = 2r2 – p2 – q2
We have to subtract p2 – q2
⇒ (2r2 – p2 – q2) – (p2 – q2) = 2r2 –2p2 = 2 (r2 – p2)
(f) sum of (w + x) (y – z) and (w – x) (y – z) is
(w + x) (y + z) + (w + x) (y + z)
(wy − wz + xy − xz ) + (wy − wz − xy + xz ) = 2wy + 2wz
From this sum subtract 2(wy + xz)
i.e (2wy + 2wz) – (2wy – 2xz) = 2wy + 2wz − 2wy + 2 xz
= 2wz + 2xz = 2z(w + x)
10. (a) (a + 7b) (a – bx + 8) = a(a – bx + 8) + 7b (a2 – bx + 8)
2 2
= a3 – abx + 8a + 7ba2 – 7b2x + 56b

(b) (a2 + 2b2) (3a + 5b – 7c) = a2 (3a + 5b – 7c) + 2b2 (3a + 5b – 7c)
= 3a3 + 5a2b – 7a2c + 6ab2 + 10b3 – 14b2c
(c) (a + 7) (a2 + 3a + 5) = a(a2 + 3a + 5) + 7(a2 + 3a + 5)
= a3 + 3a2 + 5a + 7a2 + 21a + 35 = a3 + 10a2 + 26a + 35
(d) (2x + 5y) (7x + 5y – 9) = 2x (7x + 5y – 9) + 5y(7x + 5y – 9)
= 14x2 + 10xy – 18x + 35xy + 25y2 – 45y
= 14x2 + 45xy + 25y2 – 18x – 45y
(e) (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2 – 7) = x (x2 + xy + y2 – 7) – y(x2 + xy + y2 – 7)
= x3 + x2 y + xy2 − 7 x − yx2 − xy2 − y3 + 7 y = x3 – y3 – 7x + 7y
3 9 9 
(f)  3 x2 + xy2   4 x2 − 9 y2  = x2  4 x2 − y2  + xy2  4 x2 − y2 

4  5  4  5   5 
= 3 x4 − 27 x2 y2 + 4 x3 y2 − 9 xy4
20 5
3 2  2 
(g)  3 p2 − q2   2 p2 + q2  = p2  p2 + q2  − q2  p2 + q2 
4 5  4 5  5 
3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 4  15 − 8  2 2
= p + p q − p q − q4 = p + p q − q4
10 4 5 10  20 
= 3 p4 + 7 p2 q2 − q4
10 20
11. (a) Simplify

(x + 5y) (x2 + 2) + 7 = x (x2 + 2) + 5y (x2 + 2) + 7 = x3 + 5x2y + 2x + 5 + 7
(b) (x3 – 5) (x + 5) + 25 = x3 (x+ 5) – 5 (x + 5) + 25 = x4 + 5 x3 − 5 x − 25 + 25 = x4 + 5x3 – 5x
(c) (p + q) (q – r) + (p – q) (q + r) + 2 (pq + rs)
= p (q – r) + q (q – r) + p(q + r) – q (q + r) + 2pq + 2rs
= pq − pr + q2 − qr + pq + pr − q2 − qr + 2 pq + 2rs = 4pq – 2qr + 2rs
3  3 
(d)  x − 4 y   x + 4 y − 5 − 2.5 x + 12 y

2  2 
3 3 3
=  x − 4 y   x + 4 y  −  x − 4 y  × 5 − 2.5 x + 12 y
2 2  2 
9 15 9 2 2
= x2 − 16 y2 − x + 20 y − 2.5 x + 12 y = x − 16 y − 10 x + 32 y
4 2 4
(e) (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 – c2 ) = a(a2 + b2 – c2) + b(a2 + b2 – c2) + c (a2 + b2 – c2)
= a3 + ab2 – ac2 + ba2 – b3 – bc2 + ca2 + cb2 – c3
12. (a) (3y – 8x) (5y + 7x) = 3y (5y + 7x) –8x(5y + 7x) = 15y2 + 21xy – 40xy – 56x2
= 15y2 – 19xy – 56x2
Value
= 15 × (2)2 – 19 (1) (2) – 56 × (1)2 = 15 × 4 – 38 – 56

= 60 – 38 – 56 = 60 – 94 = –34
1  1  1 1  1 1 1  1
(b)  ab − 3   ab + 2  = ab  ab + 2  − 3  ab + 2  = ab  ab + 2  − 3  ab + 2 
2 2  2 2  2  2 2  2 
1 2 − 3
= 1 a2 b2 + ab − 3 ab − 6 = a2 b2 +  
1 1
ab − 6 = a2 b2 − ab − 6
4 2 4  2  4 2
Value
1 1 1 1 1 + 2 − 24 −21 1
− (+1)(−1) − 6 = + − 6 =
= = = −5
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
(c) (2x + 5y ) (x + 3y ) = 2x (x + 3y ) + 5y (x + 3y ) = 2x + 6x y + 5x2y2 + 15y4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
= 2x4 + 11x2y2 + 15y4

Value
= 2(1)4 + 11 (1)2 (–2)2 + 15 (–2)4 = 2 + 11 × 4 + 15 × 16

= 2 + 44 + 240 = 286.
1 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 × 23
(d) a − a b − ab2 + b ; Value = (1)3 − 12 (2) − (1)(22 ) +
4 5 6 15 4 5 6 15
2
1 2 4 16 15 − 24 − 40 + 64 15 1
= − − + = = =
4 5 6 3 15 60 60 4
(e) (p + q) × (5p + q) + (3p – 2q) (p + q) = p (5p + q) + q (5p + q) + 3p (p + q) – 2q (p + q)
= 5p2 + pq + 5pq + q2 + 3p2 + 3pq – 2pq – 2q2
= 8p2 + 7pq – q2
Value
= 8 × 12 + 7(1) (–1) – (–1)2 = 8 – 7 – 1 = 0.
Exercise 9.3
1. (a) (2x + 7) (2x + 7) = (2x + 7)2 = (2x)2 + (7)2 + 2(2x)7
(using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = 4x2 + 49 + 28x.
(b) (3x – 2y)2 = (3x)2 + (2y)2 – 2 (3x)(2y) = 9x2 + 4y2 – 12xy
(using identity (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
(c) (a2 + 3) (a2 – 3) = (a2)2 – (b)2 = a4 – 9
(using identity (a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2.
2 2
1 1  1 1  1  1 1 1
(d)  x + y  x + y =  x + 
 1
y  + 2 × x × y = x2 +
1 2 xy .
y +
2 4 2 4  2  4  2 4 4 16 4
2 2 2
9 2 4 2
2. (a)  3 x + 2 y  =  3 x  +  2 y  + 2 ×  3  2
x 

y  = x + y + 2 xy
       2 4 9
2 3  2  3   3 
(using (a + b)2 = a2 + b2+ 2ab)
2 2 2
(b)  1 a + 1 b =  1 a  +  1 b + 2 × 1 a × 1 b = 1 a2 + 1 b2 + ab
2 3  2  3  2 3 4 9 3
2
1 1 1 1
(c)  p + 3   p − 3  =  p  − (3)2 = p2 − 9
(using (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2)
2 2  2  4
2 2 2
(d)  3 p + 4  =  3  4 3 4 (using (a + b)2 = a2 + b2+ 2ab)
   p +   − 2  p  
2 7 2  7 2 7
9 2 16 12
= p + − p
4 49 7
2 2 2
1 2
(e)  z − y  =  1 z  +  2 y  − 2  1 z   2 y  (using (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab)
2 5  2  5  2 5 
1 2 4 2 2
= z + y − yz
4 25 5
2 2
5  5  ( )
(f)  6 x2 + 3 y2  = (6 x )2 +  3 y2  + 2 6 x2  3 y2 
 5 
9 4 36 2 2
= 36 x4 + y + x y (using (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab)
25 5
(g) (2.5p – 1.5q)2 = (2.5p)2 + (1.5q)2 – 2(2.5p)(1.5q)
= 6.25p2 + 2.25q2 – 7.5pq (using (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab)
(h) (m2 – nm)2 = (m2)2 + (nm)2 – 2 (m2) (nm)
= m4 + m2n2 – 2m3n (using (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab)
(i) (2x + yzx)2 = (2x)2 + (yzx)2 + 2(2x) (yzx) = 4x2 + 4x2yz + x2y2z2
2
3. (a)  2 x + 4   2 x + 5  =  2 x  + (4 + 5) 2 x + 4 × 5 (using (x + a) (x + b) = x2
     
3 3 3  3
4 2
= x2 + 9 × x + 20 = 4 x2 + 6 x + 20
9 3 9
2
(b)  y2 + 3   y2 − 3  = y2 ( ) 3 9
2
−   = y4 − (using (a + b) (a – b)
  
4 4 4 16
(c) (xyz + 4) (xyz – 7) = (xyz)2 + (4 – 7) (xyz) + 4 × (–7)
= x2y2z2 – 3xyz – 28 (using (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
2 2 2
x2 4 y2 xy
(d)  x + 2 y  =  x  +  2 y  + 2  x   2 y  = + + (using (a + b)2 a2 + b2 + 2ab)
4 3  4  3   4   3  16 9 3
(e) (6xy – 5z) (6xy + 4z)
= (6xy)2 + (–5z + 4z) (6xy) + (–5z)(4z)
= 36x2y2 – z × 6xy – 20z2 (using (x + a) (x + b)= x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(f) (9x2y + 7) (9x2y – 6)
= (9x2y)2 + (7 – 6) 9x2y + (7) (–6) = 81x4y2 + 1 × 9x2y – 42
4. (a) (a2 – b2)2 + (a2 + b2)2
= (a2)2 + (b2)2 – 2.a2b2 + (a2)2 + (b2)2 + 2a2b2
= a4 + b4 − 2a2 b2 + a4 + b4 + 2a2 b2 = 2a4 + 2b4
2 2
(b)  2 x + 5  −  2 x − 5  (using a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)
 2  2
 5 5  5 5
=  2 x + + 2 x −   2 x + − 2 x +  = 4 x × 2. 5 = 20x
 2 2  2 2 2
(c) (7x – 8y)2 + (7x + 8y)2
= (7x)2 + (8y)2 – 2 × 7x × 8y + (7x)2 + (8y)2 + 2 × 7x × 8y
= 49 x2 + 64 y2 − 112 xy + 49 x2 + 64 y2 + 112 xy = 98x2 + 128y2
(d) (2xy + 4m)2 + (2xy – 4m)2
= 4x2 y2 + 16m2 + 2 × 2xy × 4m + 4 x2 y2 + 16m2 − 2 × 2xy × 4m
= 8x2y2 + 32m2
(e) (3.5pq – 1.5xy)2 – (1.5pq – 3.5xy)2
= [(3.5pq)2 + (1.5xy)2 – 2.(3.5)(1.5)xypq] – [(1.5pq)2 + (3.5xy)2 – 2(1.5pq) (3.5xy)]
= [12.25p2q2 + 2.25x2y2 – 10.5pqxy] – [(2.25p2q2) + 12.25x2y2 – 10.5 pxqy]
= 10p2q2 + (–10x2y2) = 10p2q2 – 10x2y2
(f) (xy + 2yz)2 – 4xy2z = (xy)2 + (2yz)2 + 2(xy)(2yz) – 4xy2z
= x2 y2 + 4 y2 z2 + 4 xy2 z − 4 xy2 z = x2y2 + 4x2z2
(g) (x2 – 2y2x2)2 + 4x4y2 = (x2)2 + (2y2x2)2 – 2(x2) (2y2x2) + 4x4y2 = x4 + 4x4y4
5. (4x + 5y)2 – 80xy = (4x)2 + (5y)2 + 2 × 4x × 5y – 80xy = (4x)2 + (5y)2 + 40xy – 80xy
= (4x)2 + (5y)2 – 40xy = (4x)2 + (5y)2 – 2.4x.5y = (4x – 5y)2
(b) (8p – 3q)2 + 96pq = (8p + 3q)2 = (8p)2 + (+3q)2 – 2.(8p)(3q) + 96pq
= (8p)2 + (3q)2 – 48pq + 96pq = (8p)2 + (3q)2 + 48pq = (8p + 3q)2
2 2 2
 5 7 
(c)  mn − pq  + 4 mnpq =  mn  +  pq  − 2. 5 mn × 7 pq + 4 mnpq
 5   7 
7 5  7  5  7 5
2 2 2 2
=  5 mn  +  7 pq  − 2mnpq + 4 mnpq =  5 mn  +  7 pq  + 2mnpq
7  5     
7 5 
2
=  5 mn + 7 pq 
 
7 5 
2 2 2
(d)  2 x − 5 y  + 2 xy =  2 x  +  5 y  − 2 × 2 x × 5 y + 2 xy
5 2     
5  2  5 2
4 2 25 2 4 2 25 2
= x + y − 2 xy + 2 xy = x + y
25 4 25 4
(e) (6r + 7s)2 – (6r – 7s)2

= [(6r)2 + (7s)2 + 2 × 6r × 7s] –[(6r)2 + (7s)2 – 2(6r) (7s)]
= (6r )2 + (7 s)2 + 84 rs − (6r )2 − (7 s)2 + 84 rs = 168rs
(f) (a + b) (a – b) + (b + c) (b – c) = a2 – b2 + b2 – c2 = a2 – c2
( )(
(g) (4m + 5n)2 – (4m – 5n)2 = 4 m + 5n + 4 m − 5n 4 m + 5n − 4 m + 5n )
= (8m) (10n) = 80mn.
6. (a) (70 + 3) = 702 + 32 + 2 × 70 × 3 = 4900 + 9 + 420 = 5329
2
(b) (199)2 = (200 – 1)2 = (200)2 + (1)2 – 2 × 200 × 1 = 40000 + 1 – 400 = 39601
(c) (405)2 = (400 + 5)2 = (400)2 + (5)2 – 2(400) (5) = 160000 + 25 + 4000 = 164025
(d) (1002)2 = (1000 + 2)2 = (10000)2 + (2)2 + 2(1000)2 = 1000000 + 4 + 4000
= 1004004
(e) (997) = (1000 – 3)2 = (1000)2 + (3)2 – 2(1000) × 3 = 1000000 + 9 – 6000
2
= 994009
(f) (4.8)2 = (5 – 0.2)2 = (5)2 + (0.2)2 – 2 × 5 × 0.2 = 25 + 0.04 – 2 = 23.04
(g) 2003 × 1997 = (2000 + 3) (2000 – 3) = (2000)2 – 9 = 4000000 – 9 = 3999991
(h) (809)2 = (800 + 9)2 = (800)2 + (9)2 + 2 (800) × 9 = 640000 + 81 + 14400 = 654481
(i) (9.2)2 = (9 + 0.2)2 = (9)2 + (0.2)2 + 2 × 9 × 0.2 = 81 + 0.04 + 3.6 = 84.64
(j) (4.9)2 = (5 – 0.1)2 = (5)2 + (0.1)2 – 2 × 5 × 0.1 = 25 + .01 – 1 = 24.01
105 × 95 1 1
(k) 10.5 × 9.5 = = (105 × 95) =  (100 + 5) (100 − 5)
100 100 100 
1  10000 − 25 = 9975 = 99.75
(100) − (5)  =
2 2
=
100   100 100
(l) 3.08 + 2.92 = (3 + 0.08) (3 – 0.08) = (3)2 + (0.08)2 = 9 – 0.0064 = 8.9936
(m) 2.96 × 3.04 = (3 – 0.04) (3 + 0.04) = 9 – .0016 = 8.9984
(n) 97 × 103 = (100 – 3) (100 + 3) = (100)2 + (3)2 = 10000 – 9 = 9991
(o) (23)2 – (13)2 = (23 – 13) (23 + 13) = 10 × 36 = 360
(p) (4.8)2 – (2.2)2 = (4.8 + 2.2) (4.8 – 2.2) = (7 × 2.6) = 18.2
7. (a) a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
492 – 412 = (49 + 41) (49 – 41) = 90 × 8 = 720
(b) (2002)2 – (1998)2 = (2002 + 1998) (2002 – 1998) = 4000 × 4 = 16000
(c) (243)2 – (157)2 = (243 + 157) (243 – 157) = 400 × 86 = 34400
(d) (14.1)2 – (5.9)2 = (14.1 + 5.9) (14.1 – 5.9) = 20 × 8.2 = 164
(e) –(4.05)2 + (5.95)2 = (5.95)2 – (4.05)2 = (5.95 + 4.05) (5.95 – 4.05) = 10 × 1.90 = 19
(f) (9.3)2 – (0.7)2 = (9.3 – 0.7) (9.3 + 0.7) = 8.6 × 10 = 86.
8. (a) 205 × 202 = (200 + 5) (200 + 2) = (200)2 + (5 + 2)200 + 5 × 2
= 40000 + 1400 + 10 = 41410
(b) (5.01) (5.02)2 = (5 + 0.01) (5 + 0.02) = (5)2 + (0.01 + 0.02) × 5 + (0.01) (0.02)
2
= 25 + (0.03) × 5 + 0.0002 = 25 + 0.15 + 0.0002 = 25.1502

(c) 103 × 105 = (100 + 3) (100 + 5) = (100)2 + (3 + 5) × 100 + 3 × 5
= 10000 + 800 + 15 = 10815
(d) 9.75 × 9.25 = (9 + 0.75) (9 + 0.25) = (9)2 + (0.75 + 0.25) × 9 + 0.75 × 0.25
= 81 + (1.0) × 9 + 0.1875 = 81 + 9 + 0.1875 = 90.1875
(e) 275 × 125 = (200 + 75) (200 – 75) = (200)2 + (75 – 75) × 200 – 75 × 75
= 40000 + 0 – 5625 = 34375
(f) 4.8 × 4.2 = (4 + 0.8) (4 + 0.2) = (4)2 + (0.8 + 0.2) × 4 + 0.8 × 0.2
= 16 + 4 + 0.16 = 20.16
Worksheet
1. Terms Coefficient
(a) 5xy2, – 6xyz 5, – 6
(b) 2, y, y5 2, 1, 1
(c) – 3pq, 4p2q2 – 3, 4
(d) – 5, 7xy, 5x2y, 5xy2 – 5, 7, 5, 5

2. (a) 6x + 4y – 3z (b) 15m2n + 17mn + 8mn2
7x – 11y – 9z 13m2n – 15mn – 9mn2
14x + 8y – 6z 12m2n + 21mn – 14mn2
27x + y – 18z 40m2n + 23mn – 15mn2
3. (a) 17x + 8y – 15z (b) 15 – 8p + 6r – 49q

12x + 7y – 15z 9 + 7p – 2r + 11q
– – + – – – –
5x + y + 0 6 – 15p + 8r – 60q
(c) 13x + 14xy + 7 12x – 15xy + 9

– 5x – 7xy 8x + 7xy + 7
+ – – –
8x + 7xy + 7 4x + 22xy + 2
(d) 9p2 + 5pq – 7

3p2 – 8pq + 5
2
3p – 4pq + 9 6p2 – 4pq – 7
2
12p + pq + 2 9p2 + 12pq – 2
9p2 – 12pq – 2 2x + y
12p2 + pq + 2
– – –
2
– 3p – 13pq – 4
4. (a) 2xy × 4xyz = 8x2y2z

(b) (2x + y) (4x2yz) = 2x(4x2yz) + y(4x2yz) = 8x3yz + 4x2y2z
(c) (2x – 5y) (4x2 + yz) = 2x(4x2 + yz) – 5y (4x2 + yz) = 8x3 + 2xyz – 20x2y – 5y2z
(d) (6pq – rs) (4pq2 + rs – 7) = 6pq(4pq2 + rs – 7) – rs(4pq2 + rs – 7)
= 24p2q3 + 6pqrs – 42pq – 4pq2rs – r2s2 + 7rs
(e) (3abc – 4b) (4b + 5abc + 4) = 3abc(4b + 5abc + 4) – 4b (4b + 5abc + 4)
= 12ab2c + 15a2b2c2 + 12abc – 16b2 – 20ab2c – 16b
= – 8ab2c + 15a2b2c2 + 12abc – 16b2 – 16b
(f) (5x3 – 3x2 + 6x) (4x2 – 7x + 9)
= 5x3 (4x2 – 7x + 9) – 3x2 (4x2 – 7x + 9) + 6x (4x2 – 7x + 9)
= 20x5 – 35x4 + 45x3 – 12x4 + 21x3 –27x2 + 24x3 – 42x2 + 54x
= 20x5 – 47x4 + 90x3 – 69x2 + 54x
5. (a) 3ab2 – 21a + 2ab2 – 8b2 = 5ab2 – 21a – 8b2
Value at a = 2, b = –2 = 5(2) (–2)2 – 21(2) – 8(–2)2 = 40 – 42 – 32 = –34.
(b) 2x2(xy – 4) + 3y(x + 2) = 2xy – 8x2 + 3yx + 6y
2(+1)3(–1) – 8(1)2 + 3(–1)(1) + 6 (–1) = –2 – 8 – 3 – 6 = –19.

(c) (x – y) (x2 + y2 + z2) = x3 + xy2 + xz2 – yx2 – y3 – yz2
Value x = 1, y = –1, z = 0 = (1)3 + (1) (–1)2 + 1 × 0 – (–1) × (1)2 – (–1)3 – (–1) × 0
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4.
6. (a) (w + x) (y – z) + (w – x) (y + z) + 2 (wy + xz)
= w(y – z) + x(y – z) + w(y + z) – x(y + z) + 2wy + 2xz
= wy − wz + xy − xz + wy + wz − xy + 2wy + 2 xz = 4wy
(b) (a + b) (a – ab + b2) + (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
2
= a(a2 – ab + b2) + b(a2 – ab + b2) + a(a2 + ab + b2) – b(a2 + ab + b2)

3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3
= a − a b + ab − ba + ab + b + a + a b + ab − ba − ab − b
= 2a3
(c) ab(cx + y) + bx (ax – y) – 2ca(bx + y)
= abcx + aby + abx2 – bxy – 2abcx – 2cay = –abcx + aby + abx2 – bxy – 2acy
– abcx + aby + abx2 – bxy – 2acy.
2 2 2 2 2 2
(d) p − q + r − p − r + q = 0
7. (a) (a2 + b2)2 = (a2)2 + (b2)2 + 2(a2b2) = a4 + b4 + 2a2b2
2 2 2
(b)  3 mn − 2 pq  =  3 mn  +  2 pq  − 2  3 mn   2 pq 

2 3  2  3  2 3 
9 4
= m2 n2 + p2 q2 − 2mnpq
4 9
(c) (0.6a – 0.7b) = (0.6) + (0.7b)2 – 2(0.6a) (0.7b) = 0.36a2 + 0.49b2 – 0.84ab
2 2
(d) (93)2 = (90 + 3)2 = (90)2 + (3)2 + 2(90) (3) = 8100 + 9 + 540 = 8649
(e) (54)2 = (50 + 4)2 = (50)2 + (4)2 + 2(50) (4) = 2500 + 16 + 400 = 2916
(f) (10.1)2 = (10 + .1)2 = (10)2 + (.1)2 + 2 (10) (.1) = 100 + .01 + 2 = 102.01
(g) (10.2)2 – (9.8)2 = (10.2 – 9.8)2 (10.2 + 9.8) = (.4) × 20 = 8
(h) 93 × 109 = (100 – 7) (100 + 9) = (100)2 + (–7 + 9)100 + (–7) × 9
= 10000 + 200 – 63 = 10000 + 137 = 10137
(i) (12.5) (10.5) = (12 + .5) (12 – 1.5) = (12)2 + (.5 – 1.5) × 12 + (.5 × (–1.5))
= 144 + (–1) (12) – 0.75 = 144 – 12 – 0.75 = 132 – 0.75 = 131.25
(j) 54 × 59 = (50 + 4) (50 + 9) = (50)2 + (4 + 9) 50 + 4 × 9
= 2500 + 650 + 36 = 3186
(k) (200 + 8) (200 – 8) = (200) – 82 = 40000 – 64 = 39936
2
(l) (9 + 0.2)2 = 92 + (0.2)2 + 2(9)(0.2) + 81 + 0.04 + 3.6 = 84.64

8. (a) LHS
(5x + 11)2 – (5x – 11)2 = [25x2 + 121 + 110x] – [25x2 + 121 – 110x]
= 110x + 110x = 220x – = RHS
(b) LHS
(4ax + 3y)2 – (4ax – 3y)2 = (4ax + 3y + 4ax – 3y) (4ax + 3y – 4ax + 3y)
= (8ax)(6y) = 48axy

2 2 2
5 6 5 6  5 6
(c)  p − q  + 2 pq =  
p  +  q  − 2 × p × q + 2 pq
6 5  6  5  6 5
= 25 p2 + 36 q2 − 2 pq + 2 pq = 25 p2 + 36 q2
36 25 36 25
(d) (x + y) (x – y) + (y + z) (y – z) + (z + x) (z – x) = 0
x2 – y2 + y2 – z2 + z2 –x2 = 0
(e) (4x – 5y)2 + 80xy
= (4x)2 + (5y)2 – 2(4x × 5y) + 80xy = (4x)2 + (5y)2 – 40xy + 80xy
= (4x)2 + (5y)2 + 40xy = (4x + 5y)2
9. (a) (a2 + b2)2 – (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 + b2 – (a2 – b2) (a2 + b2 + a2 – b2)
= ( a2 − a2 + b2 + b2 )(a2 + b2 + a2 − b2 ) = 2b2 × 2a2 = 4a2b2
(b) (3.5a – 4.5b)2 – (3.5a + 4.5b)2
= (3.5a − 4.5b + 3.5a + 4.5b )( 3.5a − 4.5b − 3.5a − 4.5b)
= (7a) (–9b) = 63ab
(c) (7x + 9y)2 – (9x + 7y)2
= [49x2 + 81y2 + 126xy] – [81x2 + 49y2 + 126xy]
= 49x2 – 81x2 + 81y2 – 49y2 = – 33x2 + 33y2
(d) (12a + 17b)2 + (12a – 17b)2
= 144 a2 + 289b2 + 408 ab + 144 a2 + 289b2 − 408 ab = 288a2 + 578b2
(e) (x + 4) (x + 9) – (x – 3) (x – 6)
= [x2 + 13x + 36] – [x2 – 9x + 18]
= x2 + 13 x + 36 − x2 + 9 x − 18 = 22 x + 18
10. (a) (3a2 – 8b2)2 = (3a2)2 + (8b2)2 – 2 × (3a2) (8b2) = 9a4 + 64b4 – 48a2b2
2
 3 x 2 4 y2   3 x 2 4 y2   3 x2  4 2
2
9 4 16 4
(b)  +   −  =   −  y  = x − y
 4 7  4 7   4  7  16 49
(c) (12p – 13q) (12p + 13q) = (12p)2 – (13q)2 = 144p2 – 169q2

(d) (15x + 9)2 = (15x)2 + 92 + 2 × 15x × 9 = 225x2 + 81 + 270x
(e) (12p + 3) (12p + 5) = (12p)2 + (5 + 3) 12p + 5 × 3 = 144p2 + 8 × 12p + 15
= 144p2 + 96p + 15
(f) (6m2 + 7) (6m2 – 5) = (6m2)2 + (7 – 5) 6m2 + (7) (–5) = 36m4 + 12m2 – 35
(g) (0.5m + 0.9m) (0.5m – 0.9n) = (0.5m)2 – (0.9n)2 = 0.25m2 – 0.81n2
(h) (4p – 8q) (–(4p + 8q)) = (4p – 8q) (4p + 8q) = 16p2 – 64q2
(i) (x2y2 + 4) (x2y2 – 6) = (x2y2)2 + (4 – 6) x2y2 + (4) (–6) = x4y4 – 2x2y2 – 24.

Chapter 10
Exercise 10.1
1. Two-dimensional: Square, Rectangle, Circle, Triangle, Three-dimensional: Cone,
Cylinder, Sphere, cube, cuboid
2. (a) (b) (c)
(d) (e)
3. Front view Side view Top view

(a) (ii) (iii) (i)
(b) (ii) (iii) (i)
(c) (i) (iii) (ii)
(d) (i) (ii) (iii)
(e) (i) (iii) (ii)
(f) (iii) (ii) (i)
4. (b) – (i) – (E), (c) – (iv) – (B), (d) – (v) – (C), (e) – (ii) – (A)
5. (a) (i) Front (ii) side (iii) Top (b) (i) Side (ii) Front (iii) Top
(c) (i) Front (ii) Side (iii) Top (d) (i) Front (ii) Top (iii) Side
6–11. Do it yourself.
Exercise 10.2
1. Faces Vertices Edges
(a) 6 8 12
(b) 3 0 2
(c) 5 6 9
(d) 4 4 6
2. (a) Vertex or corner (b) 6, 12, 8 (c) 7, 12, 7
(d) equilateral triangle (e) 5 (f) 3
3. (a) – (iv), (b) – (vi), (c) – (i), (d) – (v), (e) – (iii), (f) – (iii)
4. Faces 7 6 5 6 5 4
Edges 15 12 9 10 8 6
Vertices 10 8 6 6 5 4

5. For a Polyhedron rulers Formula should be satisfied.
F + V = E + 2
12 + 16 = 24 + 1
28 = 26
\ 28 ≠ 26 So a polyhedron cannot have 12 face, 24 edges and 16 vertices
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
6. Vertices 5 4 5 10 12 8 4
Faces 5 4 5 7 8 6 4
Edges 8 6 8 15 18 12 6
7. Minimum no. of faces that a polyhedron must have is 3 and it is a triangular pyramid.
8. F + V = E + 2
10 + 12 = E + 2
22 = E + 2
⇒ E = 20
Worksheet
1. Triangular Pyramid or tetrahedron 2. Faces = 11, edges = 20, Vertices = 11

3. Top view Front view Side view
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4. (a) No (b) Yes, tetrahedron (c) yes, square pyramid

(d) No (e) Yes, square prism or cuboid
5. (a) Both of them have two congruent bases.
(b) Both of them have a vertices common among lateral faces.

6. Faces (F) Edges (E) Vertices (V) Is F + V – E = 2?
(a) 8 18 12 Yes
(b) 12 20 10 Yes
(c) 12 18 8 Yes
7. Top view Front view Side view
(a)
(b)
(c)
8. Do it yourself 9. (a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 7

10. (a) 7 faces, 10 vertices and 15 edges (b) 8 faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges
(c) 10 faces, 16 vertices and 24 edges
Chapter 11
Exercise 11.1
1. Area of rectangle = l × b = 7.5 × 2.5 m2 = 18.75 m2
Peri of rectangle = 2 (l + b) =
2 (7.5 + 2.5) = 2 × 10 m = 20 m
Peri of Square = 4 × side
According to questions
Peri of square = Peri of rectangle
4 × 5 = 20
s = 20 ÷ 4 = 5 m
Area of square = 5 × 5 = 25 m2
Rectangle has smaller area.
2. Area of rectangle = l × b
240 = l × b
240 = 16 × b
240
=b
16
15 cm = b

3. Area of plot ABCD = AB × BC = 56 × 39 m2 = 2184 m2
A 56 m B
P 56 – 4 m Q
39 – 4 m 39 m
S R
D C
Area of inner rectangle = l × b = PQ × RS = 52 × 35 m2 = 1820 m2
Area of path = Area of plot ABCD –Area of inner rectangle = (2184 – 1820) m2 = 364 m2
Cost of leveling path at the rate of Rs 5 m2 = ` 5 × 364 = ` 1820
4. Area of square park = side × side = 100 × 100 m2 = 10,000 m2 = 10,000 m2
Area of two flowerbeds = 2 × Area of flowerbed = 2 × (l × b) = 2 × (10 m × 5 m) = 100 m2
Area of remaining park = Area of park – area of 2 flowerbeds = (10,000 – 100) m2
= 9900 m2
Cost of ploughing the flowerbeds at the rate of Rs 20 m2
= Area of 2 flower beds × `20 = 100 × `20 = `2000
5.
Total Area = Area of rectangle + Area of semicircles = l × b + pr2 = 20 × 14 m2 + pr2

= 280 m2 + 22 × 7 × 7 m2 = 280 m2 + 154 m2 = 434 m2
7
Perimeter of park = 2 l + (Peri of two semicircular flowerbeds on the breadth of park)
= 2 × 20 + 2 pr = 40 + 2 × 22 × 7 = 40 + 44 = 84 m.
7
6. No of tiles = 2800
Area of one parallelogram tile = base × altitude = 14 cm × 10 cm = 140 cm2
Area of floor covered by 2800 tiles = 140× 2800 cm2 = 392000 cm2 = 392000 m2
10000
Cost of polishing the area at the of `45 per m2 = 39.2 × `45 = 1764.
7. Area of rectangle sheet = 50 cm × 42 cm = 2100 cm2
Diameter of longest circle that can be extent from this rectangular sheet is equal to
the breadth of sheet i.e 42 cm.
22 3
∴ Area of largest circle cutout = pr2 = × 21 × 21 = 1386 cm2
7
Area of the remaining sheet = Area of sheet – Area of circle = 2100 –1386 = 714 cm2
8. Area of garden = Area of rectangle + Area of 2 Semicircle
Total length = 250
Total breadth = 70 m
Length of rectangle = (250 – 70) m = 180 m.
breadth of rectangle = 70 m.
Area of rectangle = l × b = 180 × 70 m2 = 12600 m2
Area of 2 semicircle = Area of circle (d = 70 m) = pr2 = 22 × 35 5 × 35 = 3850 m2
Total area of garden = 12600 + 3850 m2 = 16450 m2. 7
Peri of garden = 2 l of rectangle + 2 semicircle
22 5
= 2 × 180 + 2 × (pr) = 360 + 2 × × 35 = 360 + 220 m = 580 m.
7
9. Length of wire = Peri of triangle = 3 × 6.6 cm = 19.8 cm
Circumference of circle = length of wire
2pr = 19.8
4 .5
9 .9
19.8
r= × 7 = 3.15 cm.
2 × 22
22
Area of circle = 2pr2 = × 3.15 × 3.15 = 31.185 cm2
7
10. (a)
11 7
22 49
Perimeter = diameter + pr = 49 + × = 49 + 77 = 126 m
7 2
Cost of fencing = `10 × 126 = ` 1260
(b) Perimeter = 29 + 29 + pr = 29 + 29 + 77 = 135 m
Cost of fencing at the rate of `10 per m = ` 1350
(c) Peri of the flower bed = (pr + 7 + 7 + 49)m = (77 + 7 + 7 + 49) = 140 m
Cost of fencing at the rate of `10 per m = ` 10 × 140 = ` 1400
(d) Peri of the flower bed = (49 + 60 + 60 + pr) = (49 + 120 + 77) = 246 m
Cost of fencing at the rate of `10 per m = ` 10 × 246 = ` 2460
Exercise 11.2
1. (a) Area of the quadrilateral (trapezium) = 1 height × (Sum of parallel sides)
2
= 1 × 30 (45 + 60) = 15 × (105) = 1575 m2
2
(b) T he given figure is a || gm = base × altitude = 75 × 40 = 3000 m2
(c) Area of quad = Area of two triangles with base 15 m = 1 15 × 3 + 1 15 × 5
2 2
= 45 75 = 22.5 + 37.5 m2 = 60.0 m2
+
2 2
1
or d (h1 + h2) = 1 15 × (3 + 5) = 7.5 × 8 = 60 m2
2 2
1 1
(d) Area of quad = d × (h1 + h2) = × 15 × (5 + 13)
2 2
1
= × 15 × 189 = 135 cm2
2
(e) Area of rhombus = 1 d1 × d2 = 1 8 × 6 = 24 cm2
2 2 1
(f) Area of parallelogram = 2 Area of triangle = 2 × × 8 × 2.9 = 23.2 cm2
2
2. Area of trap 1596 = 1 × 42 × (54 + x)
21
2
1596
= 1 (sum of parallel side) × ht = 54 + x
2 21
1596 = x + 54
= 1 (31 + 45) × 20 cm2 21
2
76 = x + 54
1 10
= × 76 × 20 = 760 cm2 76 – 54 = x
2
⇒ x = 22 cm
3. Let x be the perpendicular distance 6. Area of window gril = 7.86 m2
between parallel sides Area of a trap in pattern
Area of trap = 1 × distance between
2 = 1 × altitude × (sum of parallel sides)
parallel sides × (sum of parallel sides) 2
1
984 cm2 = 1 × x × (40 + 42)
8
= × 16 × (20 + 22)
2 2
984 × 2 = 8 × (42) = 336 cm2
=x
41 82 Area of window gril = 7.86 m2
24 cm = x. No of trap in pattern
4. Let one of the parallel sides = x cm. = Area of window ÷ area of trap
2 75600 cm 2
Other parallel sides = x + 8 cm = 7.56 m = 2
= 225.
2 336 cm
Area of trap = 1 altitude × (Sum of 336 cm
parallel sides) 2 7. Area = 3000 cm2
Altitude = 40 cm
= 1 × 24 (x + x + 8) One side = x
2
Other side = 2x
1 12
= × 24 × (2x + 8)
2 ∴ Area = 1 altitude × sum of parallel
= 12 (2x + 8) sides 2
1272 = (2x + 8) × 12 1 20
3000 = × 40 × ( x + 2 x)
1272 2
= 2x + 8
12 3000 = 20 × 3x
50
⇒ 106 = 2x + 8 300 0
=x
⇒ 106 –8 = 2x 60
98 = 2x 50 cm = x
49 = x 100 cm = 2x
\ The parallel sides are 49 cm and longer side = 100 cm.
(49 + 8) cm. i.e., 57 cm. 8. Area = 840
5. Let the other side = x m. Altitude = 16 cm
Area of trap = 1 × altitude × (sum of One side = x
parallel sides) 2 1
Other side = x
3

∴ Area = 1 altitude × sum of parallel Area of trap ABCD = 1 BE × (AB + DC)
sides 2 2
= 1 12 × (21 + 30)
6

840 cm2 = 1 × 16  x + 1 x  2
2  3  = 6 × 51 = 306 cm2
840 × 2  4x  11. Area of quad = 1 d1 × (h1 + h2)
=  
16  3  2
105 Here d1 = 12 cm
840 × 2 × 3
=x h1 = 4 cm, h2 = 12 cm
8 16 × 4 1 6
315 Area = 12 × (4 + 12) = 6 × (16)
=x 2
4 = 96 cm2
78.75 = x
x 78.75 12. Area of quad = 1 d1 × (h1 + h2)
Shorter side = = = 26.25 cm 2
3 3
8100 = 1 d1 × (30 + 60)
9. Perimeter = 400 2
Non parallel side = 50 cm 90
810 0 × 2
Let a and b be parallel sides = d1
90
∴ a + b + 50 + 50 cm = 400 cm ⇒ d1 = 180 cm.
a + b = 300 cm
13. Area of quad = 1 d1 × (h1 + h2)
Area of trap = 1 h × (a × b) 2
2
1 20 1 12
= 40 × 300 144 = × 24 × ( x + 2 x)
2 2
= 6000 cm2. 12 = 3x
10. Three sides of a trap are 21 cm, 30 4=x
cm and 15 cm. Fourth side x is given
So the perpendicular lengths are 4 cm
perpendicular to 30 cm side
and 8 cm.
Area of trap = 1 perpendicular × (sum 14. Diagonal are d1 and d2
2
of parallel side) Area of quad = 1 d1 × d2
To calculate perpendicular side 2
1 10
A 21 B = 18 × 20 = 180 cm2
2
15
15. Area of rhombus = side × corr. altitude
= 10 × 9.6 = 96 cm2.
D E 9 C
Also area of rhombus = 1 d1 × d2
30
BEC is a right-angled triangle 2
By Pythagoras theorem, 1 8
BE2 + EC2 = BC2 96 = 16 × d 2
2
BE2 = 152 – 92 12
96
= 225 – 81 = d2
BE = 144 2 8
BE = 12 cm 12 cm = d2

16. No of tiles = 3000
1
Area of one tile = 1 d1 × d2 =
15
× 25 × 30 = 375 cm2
2 2
Area of floor = 3000 × 375 cm2 = 1125000 = 112.5 m2
Cost of polishing = ` 50 × 112.5
= ` 5625
17. Area of octagon = Area of 2 trapezium with parallel sides as 6 m and 15 m and altitudes
1
as 8 m + Area of rectangle = 2 ×  × 8 4 × (15 + 6) + [15 × 6] m 2

2 
= 2 × [4 × 21] + [15 × 6] = 168 + 90 = 258 m2
18. Area of park by Savita's method = Area of two trapezium having parallel sides as 15 m
and 23 m and altitude as 3 m
= 2 ×  1 × 3 × (15 + 23) = 3 × [38] = 114 m2
 2 
Area of park by Anita's method = Area of two triangles + Area of rectangle
1
= 2 ×  1 × b × h + l × b = 2 × × 6 × 4 + 15 × 6 = 24 + 90 m2 = 114 m2
 2  2
19. Area of Pentagon = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
1 1
A1 = Area ∆AEF = EF × AF = × 4 × 6 = 12 cm2
2 2
A2 = Area rectangle ABGF = AF × AB = 6 × 8 = 48 cm2
1
A3 = BG × GC = 1 6 3 × 3 = 9 cm 2
2 2
GC = EC – EG = 15 – (EF + FG) = 15 – (4 + AB) = 15 – (4 + 8) = 15 – 12 = 3 cm.
1 1
A4 = Area ∆ECD = EC × HD = × 15 × 4 2 = 30 cm2
2 2
∴ Area of pentagon = 12 + 48 + 9 + 30 = 99 cm2
20. Area of hexagon = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 + A6
A1 = Area of ∆AFG = 1 FG × AG = 1 × 2 × 4 = 4 m2
2 2
1
A2 = Area of trapezium ABHG = GH × (AG + BH)
2
1 1
= × 3 × (4 + 5) = × 3 × 9 = 27 = 13.5 m2
2 2 2
A3 = Area of ∆BHC = 1 HC × BH = HC = FC – (FG + GH) = 14 – (2 + 3)
2
= 14 – 5 = 9 cm = × 9 × 5 = 45 = 22.5m 2
1
2 2
A4 = Area of ∆FIE = 1 FI × IE
2
FI = FG + GH + HI = 2 + 3 + 2 = 7 cm.

1 35
= ×7×5 = = 17.5 m 2
2 2
IJ = FJ – FI = (10 – 7) m = 3 m
A5 = Area of trap. IJDC = 1 IJ (IE + JD)
2
1 2 1 27
= 3 × (5 + 4)m = × 3 × 9 = = 13.5 m 2
2 2 2
JC = FC – FJ = 14 – 10 = 4 m.
A6 = Area of ∆JCD = 1 JD × JC
2
1 2 2
= × 4 × 4 m = 8m2
2
∴ Area of hexagon = 4 + 13.5 + 22.5 + 17.5 + 13.5 + 8 = 79 m2
21. Distance covered in the morning = 3 times peri of rectangle
= 3 × (2 (l + b)) = 6 × (130 + 110) = 6 × 240 = 1440 m
Distance covered in the evening = 2 times peri of square
= 2 × (4 × 140 m) = 8 × 140 m = 1120 m.
In the morning she covered more distance by (1440 – 1120) m = 320 m.
Avoid junk food for healthy living.
22. Let the length = 3x, breadth = 2x
Perimeter = 2 (3x + 2x) = 2 × (5x) = 10x
cost of fencing at the rate of `100 = `100 × 10x = 1000x
According to Question
75000 = 1000x
75m = x
l = 3 × 75 = 225 m
b = 2 × 75 = 150 m.
Area of plot = l × b = 225 × 150 m2
Cost of floor tiling = (225 × 150) × `200 = `67,50,000
Exercise 11.3
1. Yes 2. Yes
3. (a) Lateral SA of cube = 4a2 = 4 × 15 × 15 = 900 cm2
TSA = 6a2 = 6 × 15 × 15 = 1350 cm2
(b) Lateral SA of cuboid = 2 × h (l + b) = 2 × 12 × (8 + 6) cm2 = 24 × 14 = 336 cm2
TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl) = 2 × (8 × 6 + 6 × 12 + 12 × 8) = 2(48 + 72 + 96) = 2 × 216 = 432 cm2
4. Surface of cube = 6b2
S. Area of cuboid = 2 (2b × b + b × b + 2b × b) = (2b2 + b2 + 2b2) = 2 × 5b2 = 10b2
∴ Ratio of S.A of cube = S.A of cuboid
6b2 : 10b2 = 3 : 5
5. 3 × 2 × 2 i.e.,

22 2
6. (a) Total S.A = 2πr (r + h) = 2 × × 14 × (14 + 10) = 88 × 24 = 2112 cm2
7
22 5
(b) TSA = 2πr(r + h) = 2 × × 35 × (3.5 + 5) = 22 × 8.5 × 10 = 1870 cm2
7
22
(c) TSA = 2πr(r + h) = 2 × × 7 × (7 + 25) = 44 × 32 = 1408 cm2
7
3
11
22 21  21  33  21 + 56 
+ 28  = 66 × 
(d) TSA = 2πr(r + h) = 2 × × × 
7 2  2  2 
= 33 × 77 = 2541 cm2
7. Area of aquarium to be covered = 2 l × b + 2 b × h + l × h
= 2 × 120 × 80 + 2 × 80 × 60 + 120 × 60 = 19200 + 9600 + 7200 = 36000 cm2
8. Area to be white washed = 2h (l + b) + lb.
= 2 × 6 (20 + 16) + 20 × 16 = 12 × 36 + 320 m2 = 432 + 320 m2 = 752 m2
Cost of white washing at the rate of `12 per m2 = 752 × `12 = ` 9024
22 50 3 6600 m2
9. LSA of a cylindrical pillar = 2prh = 2 × × × 21 =
7 100 100
LSA of 30 cylindrical pillars = 66 × 30 = 1980 m2
Cost of whitewashing at the rate of `15 m2 = 1980 × `15 = ` 29700

10. TSA = 2904 cm2
r = 21 cm
TSA = 2pr (r + h)
22 3
2904 = 2 × × 21 (21 + h)
22 7
968
2904
= 21 + h
44 × 3
22 = 21 + h
1 cm = h
11. TSA of Bag I = 2 (lb + bh + hl) = 2 (80 × 70 + 70 × 60 + 80 × 60) = 2 (5600 + 4200 + 4800)
= 2 (14600) = 29200 cm2
TSA of Bag II = 6 l2 = 6 × 60 × 60 = 21600 cm2
The second one require lesser cloth.
Total cloth required = 29200 + 21600 = 50800 cm2
Also Let l be the length of cloth required
l × b = 50800 cm2
l × 80 cm = 50800 cm2
50800
l= = 635 cm = 6.35 cm.
80
12. S.A of cube = 2400 cm2
6 l2 = 2400
l2 = 400 cm2
l = 20 cm

13. Area of form walls + ceiling = 2h (l + b) + lb = 2 × 8 (15 + 20) + 15 × 20
= 16 × 35 + 15 × 20 = 560 + 300 m2 = 860 m2
To paint 20 m2 no of cans required = 1
To paint 1 m2 no of cans required = 1
20
1 43
To paint 860 m2 no of cans required = × 860 = 43 .
20
14. Area of tin required for making a closed cylindrical tank = 2pr(r + h)
= 2 × 22 × 3.5 (3.5 + 10) = 22 (13.5) = 297 m2
.5

7
15. Ratio of total SA ÷ Lateral S.A (of any side) = 6a2 ÷ 4a2 = 3 : 2
16. 2prh = 8448
h = 33 cm
2pr × 33 = 8448
8448
2pr =
33
2pr = 256 m
2pr = l
∴ Peri of sheet = 2 (l + b) = 2 (256 + 33) = 2 (289) = 578 cm
73.92 2
17. LSA of road roller = 2prh = 2 × 22 × .84 × 2 = m
7 7
44352 2
Area of road = 600 × 73.92 m 2 = m = 6336 m2
7 7
18. d = 14 cm, r = 7 cm
ht. of Label = 40 – 4 – 4 = 32 cm.
22
Area of lebel = 2prh = 2 × × 7 × 32 = 1408 cm2
7
Exercise 11.4
1. (a) Volume of cuboid = l × b × h = 15 × 12 × 10 cm3 = 1800 cm3
(b) Volume of cube = l3 = 24 × 24 × 24 cm3 = 13824 cm3
22 2
(c) Volume of a cylinder = pr2h = × 14 × 14 × 28 = 17248 cm3
7
(d) Volume of cylinder = Area of base × h = 250 m2 × 2 m = 500 m3
2. Volume = 2760 cm3
l × b × h = 2760 cm3
15 × 20 × h = 2760
138
276 0
h= = 9.2 cm.
15 × 20
3. Volume of godown = l × b × h = 20 m × 12 m × 6 m
Volume of box = 0.8 × 0.6 × 0.2 m3

60 50
5
Volume of godown 20 × 12 × 6 100
No of boxes = = = 15000.
Volume of box 0 .8 2 × 0 .6 × 0.2
4. h = 8 cm, 2pr = 33 cm
33 3 33 × 7 21
r= = = = 5.25 cm.
2π 2 × 22 2 4
11 3
Volume = = 22 × 21 × 21 × 8 2 = 693 cm3.
pr2h
7 4 42
5. When rotated along longer side.
⇒ ht = 20 cm
r = 14 cm
22 2
Volume of cylinder = pr2h = × 14 × 14 × 20 = 44 × 280 = 12320 cm3
7
22 2
TSA of cylinder = 2pr (r + h) = 2 × × 14 (14 + 20) = 88 × 34 = 2992 cm2.
7
6. Volume of cylinder formed when Anil folded it.
When Anil folded it along 28 cm.
∴ 2pr = 28 cm and h = 14 cm.
7
14
r = 28 = 28 × 7 49
= cm
2π 2 × 22 11 11
2 7
22 49 49 9604
Volume of the cone so formed = pr2h = × × × 14 = = 873.09 cm3
7 11 11 11
When Sunil folded it along 14 cm
7
14 × 7 49
2pr = 14 cm, r = =
2 × 22 22
7
22 49 49 14
Volume = p × r2h
= × × × 28 = 436.54 cm3.
7 22 22 11
Anil will have more volume.
7. Volume = 27000 cm3
l = 90 cm
b = 60 cm
v=l×b×h
27000 = 90 × 60 × h
5
30
27000
=h
90 × 60
h = 5 cm.
27 000
Capacity in litres = 27000 cm3 = litre = 27 litre.
1 000
8. Volume = 3.08 m3
d = 280 cm = r = 140 cm = 1.4 m.

h=?
pr h = 3.08
2
22
× 1.4 × 1.4 × h = 3.08
7
7
1.54
3.08 × 7 1
h= = m = 50 cm.
22 × 1.4 2 × 1.4 2 2
9. r = 3 m, ht = 14 m
Volume = pr2h = 22 × 3 × 3 × 14 2 = 396 m3 = 396 kL
7
10. (a) If edge of a cube is doubled then.
Original edge = a cm.
New edge = 2a
S.A = 6a2 = 6 × (2a)2 = 6 × 4a2 = 4(6a2) = 4 (original SA.)
∴ New SA will be 4 times original S.A.
New volume = l3 = (2a)3 = 8a3 = 8 × original volume.
∴ New volume will be 8 times original volume.
(b) New radius = r , New ht = 2h.
2 2
 r r2 1
Volume of cylinder = pr h = p   × (2h) = p
2
× 2 h = (pr2h)
2 42 2
1
= Original volume.
2
New volume will be half of the original volume.
r
ew lateral SA = 2   × 2 h = 2prh
N
2
There will be no change in lateral SA.
l b h 1
(c) Volume of new cuboid = × × = (l × b × h)
2 2 2 8
1
∴ New volume is
times the original volume.
8
 l b h l b h
New S. Area = 2  × + × + +  = 2 (lb + hl + bh)
2 2 2 2 2 2 4
1 1
= ( lb + bh + hl ) = (2(lb + bh + hl))
2 4
1
New S. Area will be of the original SA.
4
11. (a) volume of reservoir = 8 × 8 × 8 = 512 m3 = 512000 litre.
Time taken to fill 80 litre = 1 minutes.
Time taken to fill 1 litre = 1 minutes
80 1 106
Time taken to fill 512000 litres = × 512000 minutes.
80

(b) Volume of cuboid = l × b × h = 9 × 8 × 6 = 432 m3
5400 90
Time taken to fill 432000 litre = 43200 0 = 540 0 = 90 hrs.
80 60
(c) Volume of cylinder = pr2h = 22 × 7 × 7 × 16 = 2464 m3 = 2464000 litre
7
30800 2
Time taken to fill 2464000 litre = 2464000 = = 513 = 513 hrs 20 min.
80 60 6
11 3
22 21 21 7
12. Volume of cylinder = pr2h = × × × 14 = 4851 m3.
7 2 2
22
13. Volume of cylinder = pr2h = × r 2 × 10
Also given that 2pr = 88 7
2
r = 88 = 88 × 7 ⇒ r = 14.
2 2 × 22
22 2
Volume of Cylinder = × 14 × 14 × 10 = 6160 cm3.
7
14. Volume = 60,000 litres
60 000 3
l×b×h= m
1 000
10 × 3 × h = 60
h = 60 = 2 m.
10 × 3
15. Volume of a match box = 4 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm3 = 15 cm3
Volume of pocket containing 144 such packet = 15 × 144 cm3 = 2160 cm3
25
50 14
Volume of container 150 × 84 × 60
No of pockets = = = 350 packets
Volume of products 36
216 0
16. l × b × h = 54600 2 6
26 × 14 × h = 54600
150
300
3900
54600
h= = 150 cm
2 26 × 14
17. (a) Volume of pedestal = l3 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 m3

L.S.A of pedestal = 4l2 = 4 × 3 × 3 = 36 m2
(b) Cost of painting @ 120 per m2 = `36 × 120 = `4320.
(c) Respect for national leaders
Worksheet 1
1 1 0 .4
1. (a) Area of triangle =base × ht = × 0.15 × 0.08 = .0006 m2
2 2
(b) Area of square = side × side = 6 × 6 = 36 m2

(c) Area of parallelogram = base × corresponding ht = 0.16 × 0.04 = 0.0064 m2
1 1
(d) Area of rhombus = d1 × d2 = 0.2 .1 × 0.18 = 0.018 m2
2 2
2. Peri. of rhombus = 20 cm
4 × side = 20 cm
side = 5 cm
Area of rhombus = side × Coor. ht.
48 = 5 × Corr. ht.
48 ÷ 5 = Corr. ht.
9.6 cm = ht.
1
3. (a) Area of Quad. ABCD = diagonal × (sum of altitudes on diagonal)
2
1
= × 6 3 × (3 + 4) cm = 3 × 7 cm2 = 21 cm2
2
1
(b) Area of rhombus = d1 × d2 = 1 × 24 × 10 = 120 cm2
12
2 2
(c) Area of parallelogram = 2 Area of triangle = 2 ×  1 × 6 3 × 2.5  = 15 m2
2 
1
(d) Area of trap. = × h × (Sum of parallel sides)
2
1 5
= × 10 × (12 + 16) = 5 × 28 = 140 m2
2
4. Area of trapezium = 182 cm2
h = 14 cm
Let one parallel side = x cm
Other one = x + 16 cm
1
Area of trapezium = h × (b1 + b2)
2
1 7
182 = × 14 ( x + x + 16)
2
182 = 2x + 16
7
26 = 2x + 16
10 = 2x
5=x
So the parallel sides are 5 cm and 21 cm.
5. TSA of a cylinder = 7480 cm2
r = 14 cm
h=?
7480 = 2pr (r + h) = 2 × 22 × 14 2 (14 + h)
7
7480
= 14 + h
88
85 = 14 + h ⇒ h = 85 – 14 = 71 cm

6. Length of sheet = circumference of base of cylinder formed
66 = 2pr
3
33
66 × 7 21
= r ⇒ r = = 10.5
2 × 22 2 2 3
11
22 21 21 6
Volume of cylinder so formed = pr2h = × × × 12 = 4158 cm2 = 4.158 litres
7 2 2
7. volume of the log = 2m × 0.6 m × 20 cm = 200 × 60 × 20 cm3
Volume of cubes = 20 × 20 × 20 cm3
10
3
No of cubes formed = Volume of log = 200 × 60 × 20 = 30 cubes
Volume of cube 20 × 20 × 20
8. Area of 4 walls = 2 h × (l + b) = 2 × 6 × (10 + 8) = 12 × 18 m2 = 216 m2
Cost of white washing at the rate of 50 m2 = 216 × `50 = ` 10,800
9. d = 120 cm
r = 60 cm
l = 84 cm = h
22 12
C.SA = 2prh = 2 × × 60 × 84 = 3168 m2
7
No of revolution = 1000
Area covered in 1000 revolution = 31680 × 1000 cm2 = 31680000 cm2 = 3168 m2
10. b = x m, l = 2x m
Area of 4 walls = 2 h × (l + b)
192 = 2 × 4 × (x + 2x)
192 = 3x
8
24 = 3x
8=x
b = 8 m, l = 2 × 8 = 16 m.
Volume = l × b × h = 16 × 8 × 4 m3 = 512 m3
Worksheet 2
1. (a) Area of rectangle = l × b = 4 × 3.5 cm2 = 14 cm2
1 1
(b) Area of trapezium = h (l1 + l2) cm2 = × 8 (16 + 10) cm2 = 4 × 26 cm2 = 104 cm2
2 2
(c) Area of rhombus = side × altitude = 15 cm × 6 cm = 90 cm2
2. Area of pentagon = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
1
A1 = Area of ∆AEF = EF × AF = 1 × 14 7 × 16 = 112 cm2.
2 2
A2 = Area of rectangle = AB × AF = 18 cm × 16 cm = 288 cm2.
1
A3 = Area of ∆BGC = GC × BG
2
GC = FC – FG = 30 – FG = (30 – 18) = 12 cm = 1 × 12 6 × 16 = 96 cm2.
2
1 1 1
A4 = Area of ∆ECD = EC × DH = (FC + EF) × 14 = (30 + 14) × 14
2 2 2

2(
= 1 44
22
)× 14 = 308 cm2
Area of pentagon = (112 + 288 + 96 + 308) cm2 = 804 cm2
3. Area of top surface= 2 Area trap + Area of rectangle
1
= 2 ×  1 h(l1 + l2 )  + l1 + b = 2 × 10 (30 + 15) + 30 × 15 = 10 × 45 + 450
2  2
= 450 + 450 = 900 cm2
4. (a) 8 (b) 24 (c) 24 (d) 8
5. CSA = 4400 cm 2
2prh = 4400 cm2

Given 2pr = 220 cm
5
10
220 220 ×7
r= = = 35 cm
2π 2 × 22
2prh = 4400
20
4400 440 0
h= = cm
2π r 22 0
h = 20 cm.
Volume = pr2h = 22 × 35 5 × 35 × 20 = 110 × 35 × 20 = 77000 cm3
7
6. Volume of tank = 10 m × 7.5 m × 4 m = 300 m3 = 300 × 1000 litre
50
3000 300 0
Time taken to fill the tank = 300 × 1000 = minutes =
400 4 4 × 60
= 25 hrs = 12 h 30 min
2
7. l of new cube = 3 × 5 = 15 cm
b of new cube = 3 cm
h of new cube = 3 cm
S.A of new cuboid = 2 (15 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 15 × 3) = 2 (45 + 9 + 45) = 2 × 99 cm3 = 198 cm3
Volume of new cuboid = l × b × h = 15 × 3 × 3 = 135 cm3
8. 2prh = 1372
Width = h = 28 cm
2pr × 28 = 1372
1372
2pr = = 49 = cm l
28
P = 2 (l + b) = 2 × (49 + 28) = 2 × (77) = 154 m

9. b of river = 100 m.
h of river = 10 m
l of river in 1 hr = 7.2 km
Volume of water that runs in the river per hr = l × b × h
= 7.2 km × 100 m × 10 = 7200 × 100 × 10 = 7200000 m3.
Volume of water that runs in sea in 1 sec.
120000
720000 0 3
= m = 2000 m3 = 2000 kL
60 × 60
10. l1 = 200 cm
l2 = 180 cm
 280 − 240  40
and h =   = = 20 cm
 2 2
1 10
Area of I and III = Area of trap = × 20 (200 + 180) = 3800 cm2
2
200 − 180 20
Area of II and IV for l1 = 280 cm, l2 = 240 cm and h = = = 10 cm
2 2
1
Area of II and IV = × 10 (240 + 280) = 5(520) = 2600 cm2
2
Chapter 12
Exercise 12.1
3 3
 −1  −1 −1 −1 −1
1. (a)  2  = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 (b)   = × × =
   4  4 4 4 64
5 5 5 5 125
3
 −4  −4 −4 −4 −64
(c)   = × × =
 5  5 5 5 125
2 3
64 8 8 8 −27 −3 × −3 × −3  −3 
2. (a) = × =   (b) = = 
121 11 11  11  125 5×5×5  5 
2 2
169 13 × 13  13 
(c) 121 = 11 × 11 =  11  (d) = = 
  225 15 × 15  15 
144 12 × 12 12
3. (a) Multiplicative universe of (–4)–2 is (–4)2.
(b) Multiplicative universe of (10)–5 is 10+5.
−2 2
 −5  25  7
(c) Multiplicative universe of   = or  −  .
 7  49  5
−3 3
(d) Multiplicative universe of  4  4
=   or
64
  5 125
5
4. (a) 3085.75 = 3 × 103 + 8 × 101 + 5 × 100 + 7 × 10–1 + 5 × 10–2.
(b) 2096.725 = 2 × 103 + 9 × 102 + 6 × 100 + 7 × 10–1 + 2 × 10–2 + 5 × 10–3.

(c) 108.9345 = 1 × 102 + 8 × 100 + 9 × 10–1 + 3 × 10–2 + 4 × 10–3 + 5 × 10–4.
(d) 40.0973 = 4 × 101 + 9 × 10–2 + 7 × 10–3 + 3 × 10–4.
1
5. (a) (–3)4 + (–5) = (–3)–1 =  −1  =  −1 
 3   3 
(b) p13 × p–10 = p13 – 10 = p3
(c) 32 × 3–7 × 3–5 = 32 + (–7) + (–5) = 32 + (–12) = 3–10.
−3 5 −1 −3+5+(−1) 2+( −1) 1
(d)  2  2 2
×  × 
2
= 
2
= 
2
= 
5 5 5 5 5 5
−7 −3 −7 +3 −4 4
4 4 4 4 3
(e)   ÷  =  =  = 
3 3 3 3 4
−2 3
1  −1  −1 −9
6. (a) ( −2) =   × (3 ) =
−3 2
×  ×9=
3  2  8 8
−2 −3 2 −3 2 −3 2+( −3) −1
(b)  −3  2
× 
 2  2
=  × 
2 2
=  × 
2
= 
2
=  =
3
 2  3  −3  3 3 3 3 3 2
4 5 4 9
1  −1   −1   −1  −1
(c) ( −2)−5 ×   =   ×   =   =
2  2   2   2  512
−3 4 3 4 3+ 4 7
2 5
(d)   5 5 5
×   =   ×   =   5
=  =
78125
5 2 2 2 2 2 128
7. (a) (–4)7 ÷ (–4)–16 = (–4)7 – (–16) = (–4)7 + 16 = (–4)23

(b) (–2)7 ÷ (–2)6 = (–2)7 – 6 = (–2)1.
10
(c) (25 ÷ 28)5 ÷ 2–5 = (25 – 8)5 ÷ 2–5 = 2–3 × 5 ÷ 2–5 = 2–15 + 5 = 2–10 =  1 
 
2
(d) (4) ÷ (4) = 4
2 –5 2 – (–5) =47
4 −5 4 −5 −1
8. (a)  −2  ×  −2   −2   −2 
    =  = 
3 3  3   3 
1 −1
 −2 
Reciprocal of   is  −2 
 3   
3
4
 −2  −8
(b)   −3   =  −3 
   
 5   5
−8 8
 −3 
Reciprocal of  −3  is  
 5   5 

−1 −2 −1− 2 −3
 −4   −4   −4   −4 
(c)   ×  =  = 
 3   3   3   3 
−3 3
Reciprocal of  −4  is  −4  = 64
 3   3  27
−1 −1 −1
 −2 3   3  −2+3    3 1  −1
(d)   3  ×  3   =    =   
3
= 
   
  5  5    5    5   5
−1 1
Reciprocal of  3  is  3 
  5
5
−2 −1 2 2
3  9  7  14   7  9 7× 7 9 7
(e)   ÷  =  ÷ =  × = × =
7  14  3  9  3 14 3 × 3 14 2 2
Reciprocal of 7 is 2 .
2 7
−2 4 −2 4 −2+ 4 2
 −2  2  +2  2 2 2
(f)   ×  =  ×  =  = 
 3  3  3  3 3 3
2 −2 2
3 9
Reciprocal of  2  is   .   =
 2 
  3 2 4
3
9. (a) (25 ÷ 27)5 × 2–4 = (25 – 7)5 × 2–4 = (2–2)5 × 2 –4 = 2–10 × 2–4 = 2–14
3
 −1 
(b) (–4)–3 × (–5)–3 × (–6)–3 = (–4 × –5 × –6)–3 = (–120)–3 =  = (–120)–3
 120 
−2 −5 7 −2 −5 −7 −5−(−7)
3 8 3 3 8 8 −2
(c)   ×  ÷  =  ×  ÷  =  3  ×  8 
8 3 8 8 3 3 8 3
−2 2 −2 −2 −4 4
= 3 8 3
×  = 
3
×  =  3  8
= 
  3 8 8 8 3
8
5
75
(d) ( −4 )5 ×  7  = ( −4 )5 × 5
= (–1) × 75 = (–7)5
4 4
(e) (37 ÷ 3–10) × 3–15 = (3–7–(–10)) × 3–15 = 3–7 + 10 × 3–15 = 33 × 3–15 = 33–15 = 3–12
3 12 12 12 12−12 0
 1  1 1 1 1 1
(f)  4  ÷   =   ÷  =  =   =1
2  2 2 2 2 2
10. (a) ((5 × 2)–1)–2 = (10)2 = 100

6
(b) (4–1 × 25)–2 = (2–2 × 25) = (23)–2 = 2–6 =  1  = 1
  64
2
−1 −1
  3  −3  8  −1   3  4 × 4 × 4 9 8
−1
(c)    ×    =   4  × 9  = × =  =
3
  4  9 
   3  8  3× 3 × 3 8 3 8

−2 −2 2
(d) 2 ( −1
−3 −1 −2
) 1 1
= − 
2 3
1
= 
6
6
=   = 36
1
20 22 20 −22 20 −( −22) 42
2 5 2 2 2 2
(e)   ÷  =  ÷  =  = 
5 2 5 5 5 5
−3
(f) (22 × 4–1)–3 =  4 × 1  = (1)–3 = 1
 4
  8  −1  −4  −1  5  15  −5   5  15 − 10  5 5 5
(g)    +    ÷ =  +    ÷ =   ÷ = ÷ =1
  15   5   8
  8  4  8  8  8 8 8
−1
(h) (13 + 23 + 33 – 43)–1 = [1 + 8 + 27 – 64]–1 = (–28)–1 =
28
  1  −3  1  3  7  −1   1  35 1 7

(i)    +   ÷    =  33 +  ÷ =  27 +  × =  27 × 8 + 1  × 7
  3   2   35    8  7  8  35  8  35
= 217 7 217
× =
8 35 5 40
−3 −3 2 1 1
(j)  1  1 1 = ( 2 ) + (3 ) − = 35 − 1 = 559
3 3
+  −  = 8 + 27 –
  3 4 16 16
2 16 16
1
(k) (30 + 40 + 50)–1 = (1 + 1 + 1)–1 = (3)–1 =
3
−3 −4 −3−( −4 ) −3+ 4 1
 −2   −2   −2   −2   −2  = −2
(l)   ÷  =  =  = 
 5   5   5   5   5  5
4 5 −2 −3 4 −5 −2 +3
2 3 5 3 2 2 5 5
(m)   ×   ×   ×  =   ×   ×  × 
3 2 3 5 3 3 3 3
4 −5 −2+3 −1 1
= 2 5
× 
2
= 
5 3 5 5
×  = × =
  3 3 3
3 2 3 2
4
64 p−4
11. (a) = 4 × 83 × p–4 × p+3 = 22 × (23)3 × p–1 = 22 × 29 × p–1 = 211 × p–1 = 2048
−3 −3
8 ×p × 16 p
121 × b−3 1
(b) 2 2
= 112 – 2 × b–3 –2 = 1 × b– 5 =
11 × b b5
52 × p−4 2 −4 +8
52 − 5 4 5−3 1 1
(c) = 5 ×p = p = × p4 = × p4 = × p4
54 × 10 × p−8 4
5 ×2×5 2 2 125 × 2 250
(d)
4 −3 × 6−5
=
(2 ) 2 −3
× ( 2 × 3)
−5
=
2−6 × 2−5 × 3−5
= 2–6 –5 + 5 × 3 –5 + 6 + 8
2−5 × 3−6 × 9−4 ( )
−4 −5 −6 −8
2−5 × 3−6 × 32 2 ×3 ×3
9
= 2–6 × 39 = 3
26

−5 −5 3 −5 −5 3
3−5 × 2−5 × 5−5 × 53
(e) 3 × 10 × 5 = 3 × (2 × 5) × 5 = = 3–5 + 5 × 2–5 + 5 × 5–5 + 3 + 7
7 −5 −7 −5 −7 −5 −5
5 ×6 5 × (2 × 3) 5 ×2 ×3
= 30 × 20 × 55
5 −3 x +1 5− 3 x +1 2 x +1
12. (a)  2  ×  2  2
=  ⇒  2  2
=  =  2  =  2 
    3 3 3 3 3
3 3
Since bases are equal so powers should also be equal
⇒ 2=x+1
1=x
−5 x 5
−5+ x 5
(b)  2  2 2 2
×   =   =   2
= 
7 7 7 7 7
⇒ –5 + x = 5
x = 5 + 5 = 10
4 5 2 x +1 9 2 x +1
(c)  3  ×  3  =  3  =  3  =  3 
         
7 7 7 7 7
⇒ 9 = 2x + 1
8 = 2x
4=x
(d) (–3)x – 1 × (–3)5 = (–3)7
(–3)x – 1 + 5 = (–3)7
⇒ x + 4 = 7
x=3
−9 −6 3x −9 − 6 3x −15 3x
5 5
(e)  5  ×  5  =  5  =   5
=   =   5
= 
      3 3 3 3
3 3 3
Since bases one equal so powers should also be equal
⇒ –15 = 3x
–5 = x
7 −14 3 x −1 7 −14 3 x −1
(f)  3  ×  3   3 
=  =  3   3 
= 
     17   17   19 
17 19
⇒ –7 = 3x – 1
–7 + 1 = 3
–2 = x
13. (a) 5 × 5 × 59 = 56 + 9 – 30 = 515 – 30 = 5 –15
6 –30
6 6
 1  1
(b) (–7)6 ÷ (7)12 = (+7)6 – 12 = (–7)–6 =   or  
 −7  7

4 5 9 4 5− 9 4 −4 4 +( −4 ) 0
(c)  2  ×  2  ÷  2  =  2  ×  2  =  2  ×  2  =  2  2
×  =1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
7 −9 2
 7 9 2
3 3
−2 2 0
(d)   3  ÷  3  ×  3   =   3 3 3
×   =   ×   =   = 1
  2  2 2  2 2 2 2 2

6 4 6−4
6 4 −2
3 32
(e)  3  ×  7  ×  1  =  3  ×  3  × (7)2 =   × 72 = × 7 2 = 32
      7 7 7 2
7 3 7 7
−1 2 −1 2
1 1  −5  5  8  2 3
(f) 2 ( −1
÷5 )
−1 2  5
× − 
 8
=  ÷  × 
2 5  8 
=   ×   = 5 × 2 = –5 × 2 = –10.
2  −5  22 −5
4 −5  4 5
(g) (12 + 22 – 3) ×  2  ÷  3  = (5 – 3)   2  ÷  2  
   
3 2  3  3 
4 −5
2 3
= 2 ×   = 2 ×  =3
3 2
−1
 −1 −1  −1 −1 −1
14. (a)   4  −  1   =  3 − 4  3 − 16 
=
 −13 
= = −4
 
  3 
 
4 
 4   4   4  13
 3 2 −1
 1 1 1 − 3  −2 1 −1
(b)   1  −  1   ÷  1  =  − ÷4 =   ÷4 = × =
 27 9   27  27 4 2 54
  3  3  4

−1
 1 1   12   4 + 3  12 7 12
(
(c) 3−1 + 4 −1 ×  7 
 
12
) =  +  ×   = 
3 4  7 
× =
 12  7 12 7
× =1
−1 −1 −1 −1
1 1 1 1 
(d) (6–1 + 8–1)–1 + (3–1 + 2–1)–1 =  +  + +  = 8 + 6 5
+ 
6 8 3 2  
48  6
−1 −1 24
48 6 24 6 24 × 5 + 6 × 7 120 + 42 162
=  14  5
+  = + = + = = =
 48  6 7 14 5 7 5 35 35 35
(e) (2–1 × 3–1)–1 × (4)–1 = (6–1)–1 × 4–1 = 6 × 1 = 3

4 2
–1 –1 –1 42 21
(f) ((6 × 7) ) × 8 = =
8 4
15. (a) ` 16 (b) ` 512 (c) ` 214
Exercise 12.2
1. (a) 5.13415 × 105 (b) 7.163048 × 108 (c) 1.0857 × 108 (d) 9.862 × 10–4
(e) 8.347 × 10–7 (f) 9.33541 × 10–1 (g) 8.080808 × 10–3 (h) 8.456 × 10–3
2. (a) 0.000413 (b) 0.00003742 (c) 0.0000002 (d) 2127000
(e) 983500 (f) 0.000000924 (g) 0.000001274 (h) 0.000000095
(i) 4123000000 (j) 274000 (k) 837000000 (l) 9467000000

3. (a) 7 × 10–6 mm (b) 1.275 × 10–5 m (c) 5 × 10–5 m (d) 1.005 × 106
(e) 3.8 × 10–6 cm (f) 1.6 × 10–19 columb (g) 5. × 10–5 m (h) 5 × 10–2 cm
(i) 1.8 × 10–14 m
4. Mass of one cell = 1600 × 10–20 × 2000 = 3200000 × 10–20 = 3.2 × 106 × 10–20
= 3.2 × 106-20 = 3.2 × 10–14 gm
5. Animals cell size = 0.0000068
Plant cell size = 0.000015 m
Sum of then size = 0.0000218 m = 2.18 × 10–5 m
6. Thickness of a book = 0.0075
Thickness of 6 books = 0.0075 × 6 = .0450 m
Thickness of 8 copies = 0.0005 × 8 = 0.0040 m
Total thickness = 0.0450 + 0.0040 = 0.0490 = 4.9 × 10–2 m
Worksheet
−3 3
1. (a)  5  3
=  =
27 (b) (–2)5 = –32
3 5 125
−3
−2 2 1 1
(c)  −3   4 
=  =
16 (d) =  = 33 = 27
   −3  3 −3 3
4 9
−2 −2 2 2
2. (a)  3  4 4 5 52 25
  ×  =   ×   = 2 × 4 2− 2 =
4 5 3 4 3 9
−4 −6
 −7  7−2 6 (−3)2 × 26 9 × 64 576
(b)  −3  ×  = ( −3)−4 × = ( −3)−4 +6 × 2 = = =
 7   6  2−6 × 3−6 72 72 49 49
−5 −3 −5+( −3) −8
1 1
(c)  1  1
×  =   =  = 48
  4 4 4
4
3 2 5 3 2
(d)  1 ÷ 1  ×  −5  =  5  ×  −5  = (5) =
3125
        3 2
2 5 8 2 8 2 ×8 512
−1 −1 −1 −1
(e)  1 − 1  1 1 =  4 − 3  5 6 120 + 6 126
+ +  +  = 24 + = =
6 8 2 3  24  6 5 5 5
3 3 3
3 3 3 3 81
(f)  1 + 1  ÷  2  =  3  ÷  2  = 3 ×  3  = × × × =
    8 3 8 2 8 2 2 2 64
4 8 3
3
 33 
(
(g) 32 − 22 ×  3 
2
) = (9 − 4) ×  3  =
2 
5 × 27 135
8
=
8
1 1 7  1 7 5 35
(h)  +  ÷ 5−1 =   ÷ = × =
3 4 12 5 12 1 12
−3
(
(i) 33 − 23 ÷  1  ) = (27 – 8) ÷ 43 = 19 × 1 = 19
  64 64
4

3. (a) 8
−1
× 54
=
(2 ) × 5
−3 4
= 2–3 + 5 × 54 = 22 × 54 = 4 × 625 = 2500
−5 −5
2 2
7
125a4 53 × a4 53−5 × a4 +3 5−2 × a7 = a a7
(b) = = = =
54 × 15 × a−3 54 × 3 × 5 × a−3 3 3 52 × 3 75
3−4 × (3 × 5)−2 × 54 3−4 × 3−2 × 5−2 × 54
(c) = = 3–4–2–7 + 5 × 5 –2 + 4 × 25
7 −5 7 −5 −5
3 ×6 3 ×2 ×3
25 × 32 800
= 3–8 × 52 × 25 = =
38 6561
(729)−1 × 25 × 9−3 9−3 × 25 × 9−3
(d) = −4 5 −5
= 9 –6 +5 × 25–5 × 75 = 9–1 × 75 = 2401
−4 −5
7 × 32 × 9 7 ×2 ×9 9
−16 −7 −2 x +1 −16 +7 −2 x +1 −9 −2 x +1
 −1   −1   −1   −1   −1   −1 
4. (a)  −1  ÷  =  =   =  =   = 
 2   2   2   2   2   2   2 
Since bases are same so
–9 = –2x + 1
–10 = –2x
5=x
7
−x −4 7
5 − x+4 5
(b)  5  ÷  5  =  5  = =  
      4 4
4 4 4
Since bases are same here so
–x + 4 = 7
–x = 7 – 4
⇒ x=–3
−3 −5 −3 x +1 −3−5 −3 x +1
(c)  3  ×  3  =  3  =  3  3
= 
2 2 2 2 2
Since bases are same so
–3 – 5 = –3x + 1
–9 = –3x
x=3
2 x +1 −5 2 2 x +1−5 2 2 x−4 2
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
(d)   ×   =   =   =   =   = 
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Since bases are equal so
2x – 4 = 2
2x = 6
x=3
5. (a) 6.0304 × 1012 (b) 8.6 × 10–6 (c) 1.2548 × 1012 (d) 8.76 × 10–9
(e) 4.37 × 10–8 (f) 3.759 × 10–2 (g) 1.44 × 10–3 (h) 4.8 × 100
6. (a) 48300000 (b) 0.000003009 (c) 3809800000 (d) 0.000040009
(e) 70809010 (f) 0.000000000325
7. (a) 10–6 m (b) 2.5 × 10–6 m (c) 5 × 10–3 cm (d) 1.4 × 109 m
(e) 1.275 × 107 m

Chapter 13
Exercise 13.1
1. (a) No (b) Yes; 7
2. (a) 20, 225, 30 (b) 120°, 150°, 210° (c) 15, 1250, 2000
3. Wages for 7 days = `840
Wages for 1 day = `840 ÷ 7 = `120
Wages for 15 days = 120 × 15 = `1800
Wages for 21 days = 120 × 21 = `2520
Wages for 39 days = 120 × 39 = `4680
Wages for 50 days = 120 × 50 = `6000.
4. Let us make the table 60 = 80

ht of tree (m) .5 7.5 1 y
Shadow ht (m) 3 x 80 4
This is a case of direct narration y = = hrs
60 3
5 7 .5
Q = = 1 hr 20 min
3 x
5 × x = 7.5 × 3 7. (a) Distance of map (m) 1 6
1 .5
7 .5 × 3 Actual distance (cm) 200000 x
x= This is a case of direct variation
5
x = 4.5 m. 1 6
=
5. Let us make the table 200000 x
No of sheets 15 20 y x = 6 × 200000
Wt in gm 60 x 240 = 1200000 cm = 12 km.
This is a case of Direct variation (b) Distance of map(m) 1 x
15
∴ = 20 Actual distance 2 840
60 x This is a case of direct variation
⇒ 15x = 20 × 60 1 x
20 × 60
4
2 = 840
x= = 80 gm.
15 420 1
x= 840 ×
15 y 2
Also = x = 420 cm
60 240
15 4 8. Words 540 x 810
⇒ y = × 240 = 60 sheets
60 Time in min 30 90 y
6. Distance covered (km) 60 x 80 This is a case of direct variation
No of hrs 1 4 y 540 x 540
∴ = ⇒ x = × 90 3 = 1620
This is a case of direct variation 30 90 30
60 = x 540 810
Also =
1 4 30 y
⇒ x = 60 × 4 = 240 km ⇒ 540 × y = 810 × 30

45 12. Height of Model 20 cm x
810 × 30
y= = 45
54 0 Height of Actual 30 m 33 m
18
This is a case of direct variation
9. No of pens 15 20 35 50
20 x
Cost 750 x y z =
30 33
This is a case of direct variations 11
33 × 20
15 20 ⇒ x= = 22 cm.
= 30
750 x
50
x = 20 × 750 = `1000 13. Wt. of Rice in kg 2 5 7
no. of grain 2.5 × 10 6 x y
15
50
35 × 750 This is a case of direct variation
y= = `1750
15 2 5
6
=
750 2.5 × 10 x
z = 50 × = 50 × 50
15 2 .5
= `2500 5 × 2.5 × 106
⇒ x=
10. Charges 2750 x 12375 2
Distance 150 450 y x = 6.25 × 106.
This is a case of direct variation 2 7
=
2750 x 2.5 × 10 6
y
∴ =
150 450 7 × 2.5 × 106
3 y=
x = 2750 45 0 2
15 0 = 3.5 × 2.5 × 106
x = `8250 = 8.75 × 106
2750 12375 14.Crystal 8.5 × 109 17 × 109
Also =
150 y Wt in Kg 5 x
12375 × 150 This is a case of direct variation
y=
2750 8.5 × 109 17 × 109
y = 675 km =
5 x
11. Actual length 1 x 10
5 × 17 × 109
Enlarged length 5000 10 x=
This is a case of direct variation .5
8.5 × 109
1 x = 10 kg.
=
5000 10
15. Distance 60 x 270
⇒ x = 10 = .002 cm.
5000 Time in min 60 53 y
IInd case
Actual length 1 0.002
60 x
Enlarged length 3000 y ∴ = ⇒ x = 53
60 53
1 0.002 60 270
= Also =
3000 y 60 y
y = 0.002 × 3000 = 6 cm. y = 270 min = 4 hrs 30 min

Exercise 13.2 5. No of soldiers 700 x
1. Yes because x1y1 = x2y2 = x3y3 Days 15 21
= x4y4 = x5y5 This is a case of inverse variation
2. (a) x1y1 = x2y2 ∴ x1 × y1 = x2 × y2
⇒ 18 × 40 = 36 × y2 700 × 15 = x × 21
20 5
y2 = 18 × 40
100
700 × 15
x=
36 2 21 3
x1y1 = x3y3
x = 500
18 × 40 = 24 × y3 No of Soldiers transferred
3 10
6
18 × 40 = 700 – 500 = 200
y3 =
24 8 4 6. Men 9 x
y3 = 30 Days 4 3
x1y1 = x4y4 is a case of inverse variation
∴ 9×4=x×3
18 × 40 = x4 × 16
3
9 5 x= 9 ×4
x4 = 18 × 40 3
16 2 x = 12
x4 = 45
x1y1 = x5y5 7. No of gardeners 3 x
3
Time in min 90 15
y5 = 18 × 40 This is a case of inverse variation
60 ∴ 3 × 90 = x × 15
y5 = 12 6
Similarly complete b, c, d x = 3 × 90
15
3. Men 68 17
x = 18
Days 40 y2
It is a case of inverse variation 8. No of granules/sec 105 106
∴ x1 × y1 = x2 × y2 Time in sec. 320 x
It is a case of inverse variation
68 × 40 = 17 × y2
∴ 105 × 320 = 106 × x
4
y2 = 68 × 40 5
17 x = 10 × 320
10 6
y2 = 160 days x = 32 seconds
4. No of pipe 8 6 9. No of boxes 24 x
Time in hrs 30 x No of bottles in each box 6 4
It is a case of inverse variation It is a case of inverse variation
∴ 8 × 30 = 6 × x ∴ 24 × 6 = x × 4
5 6
24 × 6
x = 8 × 30 x=
6 4
x = 40 hrs x = 36

10. No of machines 64 x 14. No of pages in a day 20 15
Days 70 40 No of days 12 x
∴ 64 × 70 = x × 40 ∴ 20 × 12 = 15 × x
16 4
x= 64 × 70 4
20 × 12
x=
40 15 3
x = 112 x = 16 days
11. No of Men 12 x 15. Workers 560 x
No of days 8 6 Days (in months) 9 7
This is a case of inverse variation It is a case of inverse variation
∴ 12 × 8 = x × 6 ∴ 560 × 9 = x × 7
2
12 × 8 80
560 × 9
x= x=
6 7
x = 16 x = 720
12. Speed km/hr. 35 32 No. of extra workers = 720 – 560 = 160
Time in min 16 x 16. Speed (km/hr) 12 x
It is a case of inverse variation Time in minutes 20 15
∴ 35 × 16 = 32 × x It is a case of inverse variation
35 × 16 ∴ 12 × 20 = x × 15
x= 4 4
32 2 x= 12 × 20
15 3
x = 17.5 min
x = 17 minutes 30 seconds x = 16 km/h
13. No of bicycle 2000 x 17. Person 300 350
Rate/ Cycle 800 1000 Days 42 x
∴ 2000 × 800 = x × 1000 ∴ 300 × 42 = x × 350
6 6
2000 × 800 30 0 × 42
x= x=
1000 7 35 0
x = 1600 x = 36 days
Worksheet 200 x
⇒ =
1. (a) constant (b) constant 3.2 16
(c) inversely (d) decreases 5
⇒ x= 200 × 160 = 1000 gm.
(e) directly
2. 4; 32; 64 3. 20; 80; 200 3 .2
4. Wt (gm) 200 x 5. Cost (`) 4590 x
Extension (cm) 3.2 16 Length (m) 90 105
It is a case of direct variation ∴ It is a case of direct variation
x1 x 4590 x
∴ = 2 =
y1 y2 90 105

51
4590 It is a case of inverse variation
⇒ x = × 105 = ` 5355 50 × 32 = 80 × x
90
4
6.
Distance (km) 24 30 x = 50 × 32
Change (`) 1500 x 80
x = 20
∴ It is a case of direct variation

24 30 12. No of periods 7 8
=
1500 x Duration (in minutes) 40 x
375
5
⇒ x = 30 × 1500 = ` 1875 7 × 40 = 8 × x
24 4 5
7 × 40
x=
7. Days 10 25 8
Dust (in pounds) 5.4 ×108 x x = 35 minutes
It is a case of direct variation 13. (a) No of person 3 x
10 25
∴ = Day 36 9
8
5.4 × 10 x It is a case of inverse variation
5 2 .7
25 × 5.4 × 108 3 × 36 = x × 9
x= = 13.5 × 108
10 2 4
3 × 36
8. No of students 36 15 x=
9
No of days 25 x
x = 12 persons
∴ 36 × 25 = 15 × x (b) No of person 3 2
12 5 Day 36 y
x= 36 × 25
15 3
x = 60 3 × 36 = 2 × y
18
9. Speed (Km/ hr) 48 60 y = 3 × 36
Time (hr) 10 x 2
It is a case of inverse variation y = 54 days
48 × 10 = 60 × x 14. (a) Inverse variation
8 (b) Direct
x= 48 × 10
60 (c) Inverse variation
x=8 (d) Direct
10. No of bicycle 25 x (e) Inverse variation
Cost per bicycle 500 625 15. No of copies 436 x
It is a case of inverse variation No of length 8.72 5.30
25 × 500 = x × 625 It is a case of direct variation
20
25 × 500
x= = 20 x = 436 × 5.30
625 25 8.75
11. No of girls 50 80 x = 50 × 5.30
No of days 32 x x = 265

Chapter 14
Exercise 14.1
1. (a) xy (b) 3x (c) 5ab2 (d) x (e) 6ab (f) 19xyz
2. (a) 13(x + 13) (b) 11(4x – 5y) (c) 12pq(2 + 5r) (d) 8ap(a + 5p)
(e) 2xyz (2x + 3y + 4z) (f) 4b(–a2 + 2a + 4bc) (g) 5(3a2b – 4b2c – 5c2a)
(h) 20lm(l + 2x) (i) 20az(2z – 3) (j) 3p(3p2 + 2pq2 – q)
(k) 9xyz (9y + 1) (l) x(ax + by2) (m) 7pq(p + 3q)
3. (a) r(a + b) + t(a + b) (m) x(x2 + 1) – y2(x2 + 1)
= (a + b) (r + t) = (x2 + 1) (x – y2)
(b) 3x (x – 4) – 4y (x – 4) 4. (a) (5 – 8x) (3a + 7b)
= (x – 4) (3x – 4y) (b) 4(2 – a) – a3(2 – a)
(c) 4a (x – 2y) + 3b (x – 2y) = (2 – a) (4 – a3)
= (x – 2y) (4a + 3b) (c) (2p + 5) [1 + 4 (2p + 5)]
(d) p2(p – 4) + 1 (p – 4) = (2p + 5) (1 + 8p + 20)
= (p – 4) (p2 + 1) (d) (4x – 5y) (9x – 6z)
(e) 2ax + 2ay + bx + by (e) p2(x – 2y) [p2 – 1]
= 2a(x + y) + b(x + y) 5. (a) abx2 + (ay – b)x – y
= (2a + b) (x + y) = abx2 + ayx – bx – y
(f) 3(4x – 3) + y(4x – 3) = ax (bx + y) – (bx + y)
= (4x – 3) (3 + y) = (ax – 1) (bx + y)
(g) a(a + 2b) + 2c(a + 2b) (b) 2(a – b)2 [7 (a – b) – 12]
= (a + 2b) (a + 2c) = 2(a – b)2 [7a – 7b – 12]
(c) a(a + b) – ac – bc
(h) x(x + 11) + 2y(x + 11)
= a(a + b) – c (a + b)
= (x + 11) (x + 2y) = (a + b) (a – c)
(i) z – xyz – 7 + 7xy (d) a(b – 1) – (b – 1)
= (1 – xy) (z – 7) = (a – 1) (b – 1)
(j) 15pq + 9p2 + 20q + 12p (e) x2 + y – xy – x
= 3p(5q + 3p) + 4(5q – 3p) = x(x – 1) – y (x –1)
= (3p + 4) (5q + 3p) = (x – y) (x – 1)
(f) x2(x – y2) + (x – y2)
(k) 3ax – 6ay – 8by + 4bx
= (x2 + 1) (x – y2)
= 3a(x – 2y) + 4b(x – 2y)
(g) (xy + x) + (y + 1)
= (3a + 4b) (x – 2y) = x(y + 1) + (y + 1)
(l) x3 – 2x2y + 3y2x – 6y3 = (x + 1) (y + 1)
= x2(x – 2y) + 3y2(x – 2y) (h) y(y + z) + 9(y + z)
= (x – 2y) (x2 + 3y2) = (y + 9) (y + z)
Exercise 14.2
1. (a) (3x)2 + 2 (3x).1 + (1)2 = (3x + 1)2 (using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2)
(b) p2 + 14p + 49 = p2 + 2 × p × 7 + (7)2 = (p + 7)2
(c) x2 + 10x + 25 = x2 + 2 × 5 × x + (5)2 = (x – 5)2

(d) 9p2 + 24p + 16 = (3p)2 + 2× 3p × 4 + (4)2 = (3p + 4)2
(e) x2 + 16x + 64 = x2 + 2 × 8 × x + (8)2 = (x + 8)2
(f) 4x2 + 8x + 4 = 4(x2 + 2x + 1) = 4 (x2 + 2 × 1 × x + 1)2 = 4 (x + 1)2
(g) 36x2 – 84x + 49 = (6x)2 – 2 × 6x × 7 + (7)2 = (6x – 7)2
(h) 25x2 + 20x + 4 = (5x)2 + 2 × 5x × 2 + (2)2 = (5x + 2)2
(i) 121b2 – 110bc + (5c)2 = (11b)2 –2 × 11b × 5c + (5c)2 = (11b – 5c)2
(j) (2l + m)2 – 8 lm = 4l2 + m2 + 4lm – 8lm = 4l2 + m2 – 4lm = (2l)2 + (m)2 – 2 × 2l × m
= (2l – m)2
(k) (3l – m)2 + 12lm = 9l2 + m2 – 6lm + 12lm = 9l2 + m2 + 6lm = (3l + m)2
(l) a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + b2)2
(m) 25a2 – 42ac + 49c2 = (5a)2 – 2 × 5a × 7c + (7c)2 = (5a – 7c)2
2. (a) (2x – 5) (2x + 5) = (2x)2 – (5)2
(b) (3x – 16) (3x + 16) = (3x)2 – (16)2
(c) 7(3xy – 1) (3xy + 1) = 7(9x2y2 – 1) = 7((3xy)2 – (1)2) = 7(3xy – 1) (3xy + 1)
(d) (4x)2 – (5y – z)2 = (4x – 5y + z) (4x + 5y – z)
(e) (7a)2 – (15b)2 = (7a – 15b) (7a + 15b)
2
1 1
(f) (6 x ) −   =  6 x −   6 x + 
2  1 
 12   12   12 
(g) (6 (a + b))2 – (9 (a – b))2 = (6 (a + b) – 9 (a – b)) (6 (a + b) + 9 (a – b))
= (6a + 6b – 9a + 9b ) (6a + 6b + 9a – 9b ) = (15b – 3a) (15a – 3b)
(h) (10) – (a – 4)2 = (10 – a + 4) (10 + a – 4) = (14 – a) (6 + a)
2
(i) (4x + 5y)2 – (4)2 = (4x + 5y – 4) (4x + 5y + 4)

(j) 3 (25x2 – 9) = 3((5x)2 – (3)2) = 3(5x – 3) (5x + 3)
(k) 24a2 – 54b2 = 6 (4a2 – 9b2) = 6 ((2a)2 – (3b)2) = 6(2a + 3b) (2a – 3b)
(l) p2 – (p + q)2 = ( p – p – q) (p + p + q) = – q(2p + q)
(m) (p2 – 4p + 4) – 81 = (p – 2)2 – 92 = (p – 2 – 9) (p – 2 + 9) = (p – 11) (p + 7)
(n) 49a2 –(6b – 5c)2 = (7a – (6b – 5c)) (7a + (6b – 5c)) = (7a – 6b + 5c) (7a + 6b – 5c)
(o) (3a – 2b)2 – (5c)2 = (3a – 2b – 5c) (3a – 2b + 5c)
3. (a) (x + y)2 + z (x + y) = (x + y) (x + y + z)
(b) 3x(x2 + 2xy + y2) = 3x(x2 + 2xy + y2) = 3x(x + y)2
(c) (a – 7)2 – (a – 3)2 = ( a − 7 − a + 3) (a – 7 + a – 3) = (–4) (2a – 10) = –8 (a – 5) = 8 (5 – a)
(d) (5x – 3y)2 – (12z)2 = (5x – 3y – 12z) (5x – 3y + 12z)
(e) (a2)2 – (b2)2 = (a2 – b2) (a2 + b2) = (a – b) (a + b) (a2 + b2)
(f) (a – b – b – c) ( a − b + b + c) = (a – 2b – c) (a + c)
(g) 3(81x2 – (a – b)2) = 3(9x)2 – (a – b)2 = 3(9x – (a – b)) (9x + a – b)
= 3(9x – a + b) (9x + a – b)
4. (a) (x2)2 – (4y2)2 = (x2 – 4y2) (x2 + 4y2) = (x – 2y) (x + 2y) (x2 + 4y2)
(b) (p2)2 – (9q2)2 = (p2 – 9q2) (p2 + 9q2) = (p – 3q) (p + 3q) (p2 + 9q2)
(c) (4x2)2 – (y + z)2 = (2x – (y + z)) (2x + y + z) (4x2 + (y + z)2)
(
(d) (x2)2 – ((x – z)2)2 = (x – (x – z)) (x + x – z) (x2 + (x – z)2) = ( x + x + z) (2 x − z) x2 + ( x − z)2 )
= z(2x – z) (x2 + (x – z)2
(e) (a2)2 + 8 × 8b2× a2 + (8b2)2 = (a2 + 8b2)2

(f) 121 – (x2 + 25 + 10x) = 112 – (x + 5)2 = (11 – x – 5) (11 + x + 5) = (6 – x) (16 + x)
(g) (5x2)2 + (7y2)2 + 2.(5x2) (7y2) = (5x2 + 7y2)2
(h) 36 – (x2 – 14x + 49) = (62 – (x – 7)2) = (6 – x + 7) (6 + x – 7) = (13 – x) (x – 1)
5. (a) z2 + 13z + 40 = z2 + (8 + 5)z + 40 = z2 + 8z + 5z + 40 = z (z + 8) + 5 (z + 8)
= (z + 5) (z + 8)
Or
z2 + (8 + 5)z + 8 × 5 = (z + 8) (z + 5) (Using) (x2 + (a + b)x + ab) = (x + a) (x + b)
(b) x2 + 3x + 2x + 6 = x2(x + 3) + 2(x + 3) = (x + 3) (x + 2)
(c) x2 + 11x + 30 = x2 + (6 + 5)x + 6 × 5 = (x + 5) (x + 6)
(d) x2 – 9x + 20 = x2 + (–4 – 5)x + (–4)(–5) = (x – 4) (x – 5)
(e) x2 – 8x + 12 = x2 – 6x – 2x + 12 = x(x – 6) – 2(x – 6) = (x – 6) (x – 2)
(f) x2 – 6x – 27 = x2 – 9x + 3x – 27 = x(x – 9) + 3(x – 9) = (x – 9) (x + 3)
(g) x2 + 6x – 27 = x2 + 9x – 3x – 27 = x(x + 9) – 3(x + 9) = (x + 9) (x – 3)
(h) x2 – 12x – 5x + 60 = x(x + 2) – 5(x – 12) = (x – 12) (x – 5)
(i) x2 – 9x + 18 = x2 – 6x – 3x + 18 = x(x – 6) – 3(x – 6) = (x – 6) (x – 3)
(j) x2 – 26x – 27 = x2 – 27x + x – 27 = x(x – 27) + 1(x – 27) = (x – 27) (x + 1)
(k) x2 – 17x – 110 = x2 – 22x + 5x – 110 = x(x – 22) + 5(x – 22) = (x – 22) (x + 5)
(l) 3p2 + 18p – 48 = 3(p2 + 6p – 16) = 3(p2 + 8p – 2p – 16) = 3(p(p + 8) – 2(p + 8)
= 3(p – 2)(p + 8)
6. (a) (4x – 9) (4x + 9) = ((2x) – 3 ) (4x + 9) = (2x – 3) (2x + 3) (4x2 + 9)
2 2 2 2 2
(b) (x2)2 – ((y + z)2)2 = (x2+ (y + z)2)(x2 – (y + z)2) = (x2+ (y + z)2) (x – (y + z) (x + (y + z))
(c) 2x(1 – 16x4) = 2x(12 – (4x2)2) = 2x(1 – 4x2) (1 + 4x2) = 2x(1 – 2x) (1 + 2x) (1 + 4x2)
(d) 3a4 – 48b4 = 3(a4 – 16b4) = 3[(a2)2 – (4b2)2] = 3(a2 – 4b2) (a2 + 4b2)
= 3(a2 – (2b)2) (a2 + 4b2) = 3(a – 2b) (a + 2b) (a2 + 4b2)
(e) a4b4 – 81c4 = (a2b2)2 – (9c2)2 = (a2b2 – 9c2) (a2b2 + 9c2) = ((ab)2 – (3c)2) (a2b2 + 9c2)
= (ab – 3c) (ab + 3c) (a2b2 + 9c2)
(f) a4 – 16 (b – c)4 = (a2)2 – (4 (b – c)2)2 = (a2 – 4 (b – c)2) (a2 + 4 (b – c)2)
= (a2 – (2(b – c))2) (a2 + 4(b – c)2) = (a – 2(b – c)) (a – 2(b – c)) (a2 + 4(b – c)2)
(g) x3(x2 – 16) = x3(x2 – x4) = x3 (x – 4) (x + 4)
(h) x2 – (y2 – 6y + 9) = x2 – (y – 3)2 = (x – (y – 3)) (x + (y – 3)) = (x – y + 3) (x + y – 3).
7. (a) (x – 2) (x – 4) (b) (x – 4) (x + 1) (c) (x – 5) (x – 2)
(d) (x + 20) (x – 1) (e) (x + 2) (x + 7)
Exercise 14.3
1. (a) 40 yz (b) 2xz (c) –4p2 (d) 90
(e) 3(x + y) (f) y + 5z2 + 2x
5 xy [ −2 x2 y4 + 6]
2. (a) –10x3y5 + 30xy ÷ 5xy =
5 xy
2 4 2 4 2
4 a b [2a − 5a b + 12a b ]
(b) = 2a – 5a2b + 12a4b2
2 4
4a b
4 xy [2 x2 − 3 x + 4 ]
(c) 8x3y – 12x2y+ 16xy ÷ 4xy =
4 xy

4 x2 y2 [ x + 4 + 2 xy2 ]
(d) 4x3y3 + 16x2y2 + 8x3y4 by 4x2y2 =
4 x 2 y2

−3 xy [ −3 x + 2 − 4 y]
(e) 9x2y – 6xy + 12xy2 by – 3xy =
−3 xy
xy [3 x2 y + 2 x + 15]
(f) 3x3y2 + 2x2y + 15xy by xy =
xy
2 2 3 5
5 xp [2 x + 3 p + xp ]
(g)
5 xp2
3a( 3a − 2 ) 36 x5 y4 + 72 x4 y5 36 x4 y4[ x + 2 y ]
3. (a) = 3a (b) = = 36x4y4
( 3a − 2 ) x + 2y  x + 2y 
 
2
10 x × 7( y + 3 ) 20 x2 y2 × 3 ( z − 8 y )
(c) = 14 (d) = xy
5 x( y + 3 ) 3 60 xy( z − 8 y )
2
48 a2 b2 c2 × 4 ( a − 4 b ) × 6( a − 5b )
(e) = 12abc
2 96 abc ( a − 4 b )( a − 5 b )
3
6 xy(2 x + 5)( 3 x + 2 )
4. (a) = 3y(2x + 5)
2 x ( 3x + 2 )
2
46 xy( x + 5)( y − 7 )
(b) = 2y(x + 5)
23 x ( y − 7 )
3
108 pqr × p( p − r)q(q − r)r( pr − pq)
(c) = 3(p – r) (q – r) (r – pq)
36 p2 q2 r 2
20( y + 4)( y − 2)2
(d) = 2(y + 4) (y – 2)
40( y − 2)
x ( x − 1)( x + 1 )( x − 2)( x + 2 )( x − 3)( x + 3 )
(e) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
x ( x + 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )
y2 + 6 y − 27 y2 + 9 y − 3 y − 27 y( y + 9) − 3( y + 9) ( y − 3)( y + 9 )
5. (a) = = = =y–3
y+9 y+9 y+9 y+9 ( )
m2 − 16m − 36 m2 − 18m + 2m − 36 m(m − 18) + 2(m − 18)
(b) = =
m − 18 m − 18 m − 18
(m + 2)( m − 18 )
= = (m + 2)
( m − 18 )
(c)
(6 y 2
+ 24 y + 24 ) = 6( y 2
+ 4 y + 4)
=
6( y + 2)2
= 6
( y + 2)2 ( y + 2)2 ( y + 2)2

2
4 yz ( z2 + 6 z − 16) 2( z2 + 8 z − 2 z − 16) 2( z + 8)( z − 2 )
(d) = = = 2(z + 8)
2 yz ( z − 2) ( z − 2) ( z− 2)
5 p2 q2 r 2 ( p2 − q2 )(q2 − r 2 ) 5 p2 q2 r 2 ( p − q)( p + q )(q − r)( q + r )

(e) = = 5r2(p – q) (q – r)
p2 q2 ( p2 − q2 )(q2 − r 2 ) 2 2
p q ( p + q )( q + r )
63 y3 x2 × 4(25 y2 − 49) 3 yx × 4( 5 y − 7 )(5 y + 7)

(f) = = 12xy(5y + 7)
21 y2 x(5 y − 7) ( 5y − 7 )
93 xyz3 (5 x − 10 y)(5 x + 10 y) 93 xyz 3 × 5 ( x − 2 y) 5 ( x + 2 y )
(g) = = 93z2
25 xyz( x + 2 y) 25 xyz ( x + 2 y )
24 xy2 ( x2 + 10rx + 24 r 2 ) 24 xy2 ( x2 + 6 + x + 4 rx + 24 r 2 )

(h) =
6 xy( x + 6r) 6 xy x + 6r
=
24 xy2  x ( x + 6r ) + 4 r ( x + 6r )
=
4
(
24 xy 2 ( x + 4 r ) x + 6r ) = 4y(x + 4r)
6 xy ( x + 6r ) (
6 xy x + 6r )
Worksheet
1. (a) 7xy (b) 2yp (c) 16abc (d) 5
3
2. (a) 8xy(x – 2) (b) 17xy[1 + 2x + 3y] (c) 12x y [3x y + 6xy + 4]3 2 2
(d) 2ax[x + 3a – 2] (e) 3p[py2 – 2xy + 3x3]

3. (a) 25x2 – 49y2 = (5x)2 – (7y)2 = (5x – 7y) (5x + 7y)
(b) a2 – 9x2 = (a)2 – (3x)2 = (a – 3x) (a + 3x)
(c) (2x)2 – (9y)2 = (2x – 9y) (2x + 9y)
(d) (x + y)2 – 32 = ((x+ y) – 3) (x + y + 3)
(e) z2 – (x – y)2 = (z – (x – y)) (z + (x – y) = (z – x + y) (z + x – y)
(f) 3(4x4 – 9y4) = 3((2x2)2 – (3y2)2) = 3(2x2 + 3y2) (2x2 – 3y2)
(g) a2 – (2 (b – c))2 = (a – 2 (b – c))(a + (2) (b – c)) = (a – 2b + 2c) (a + 2b – 2c)
(h) 9a2 – 4(b – c)2 = (3a)2 – (2(b – c)) = (3a – 2(b – c)) (3a + 2(b – c))
= (3a – 2b + 2c) (3a + 2b – 2c)
(i) (a – b)2 – (c – d)2 = ((a – b) – (c – d)) (a – b + c – d) = (a – b – c + d) (a – b + c – d)
(j) 25(a – b)2 – c2 = (5(a – b))2 – c2 = (5 (a – b) – c) (5 (a – b) + c)
(k) 4x2 + 28xy + 49y2 = (2x)2 + 2 × 2x × 7y + (7y)2
(l) 1 + 2x + x2 = (x + 1)2
(m) x2 + 6xy + 9y2 = (x + 3y)2
(n) 9x2 – 24xy + 16y2 = (3x)2 – 2 × 3x × 4y + (4y)2 = (3x – 4y)2
(o) 16x2 – 40xy + 25y2 = (4x)2 – 2 × 4x × 5y + (5y)2 = (4x – 5y)2
4. (a) x2 + 9x + 5x + 45 = x(x + 9) + 5(x + 9) = (x + 5) (x + 9)
(b) p2 + 3p – 2p – 6 = p(p + 3) + 2(p + 3) = (p – 2) (p + 3)
(c) a2 – 2a + 5a – 10 = a(a – 2) + 5 (a – 2) = (a + 5) (a – 2)

(d) a(x2 + y2) + b(x2 + y2) = (a + b) (x2 + y2)
(e) a(a + b) + c(a + b) = (a + c) (a + b)
5. (a) x2 + 15x – 4x – 60 = x(x + 15) – 4(x + 15) = (x – 4) (x – 15)
(b) x2 – x – 42 = x2 – 7x + 6x – 42 = x(x – 7) + 6(x – 7) = (x + 6) (x – 7)
(c) x2 + 8x – 6x – 48 = x(x + 8) – 6(x + 8) = (x – 6) (x + 8)
(d) x2 – 19x + 34 = x2 – 17x – 2x + 34 = x(x – 17) – 2 (x – 17) = (x – 2) (x – 17)
(e) x2 – 9x + 1x – 9 = x(x – 9) + 1(x – 9) = (x + 1) (x – 9)
(f) x2 + 22x – 48 = x2 + 24x – 2x – 48 = x(x + 24) – 2 (x + 24) = (x – 2) (x + 24)
6 4 3 2
6. (a) 24 a b c d = 6a3b3cd
4 a3 b2 c2 d
40 a2 b2 c2
(b)
= 4abc
10 abc
14 a2 + 12a5 + 16 a6 2a2 (7 + 6 a3 + 8 a4 )
(c)
=
2a2 2a2
5 4 2 2 2
3ab (6 a4 + 3a3 b + 9 ab − 16)
(d) 18 a b + 9 a b + 27 a b − 48 ab =
3ab 3ab
2
7. (a) a + 7a + 10 by a + 5
a2 + 5a + 2a + 10 ( a + 5 )(a + 2)
= a(a + 5) + 2(a + 5) = =a+2
a+5 a+5 a+5 ( )
(a + 3)b + (a + 3)c ( a + 3 )( b + c )
(b) = =1
(a + 3)(b + c) ( a + 3 )( b + c )
2
4 t(4 t + 5) − 3(4 t + 5) (4 t − 3)( 4 t + 5 )
(c) 16t + 20t − 3(4 t + 5) = = = 4t – 3
4t + 5 4t + 5 4t + 5
(d)
9l(4 m2 n3 + 7m4 n6 ) − 21(m2 n3 + 7m4 n6 )
=
(9l − 21) (4m2n3 + 7m4 n6 )
3(4 m2 n3 + 7m4 n6 ) 3(4 m2 n3 + 7m4 n6 )
3 (3l − 7)( 4 m2 n3 + 7m4 n6 )

= = (3l – 7)
2 3 4 6
3 ( 4 m n + 7m n )
m3 p − r − m(q − r) + m2 ( p − q) m3 p − r − mq − mr + m3 p − m2 q
(e) = =
(
(m + 1) m2 p − mq − r ) (m + 1) (m1 p − mq − r)
3 2 2
m(m3 p − mq − r) + (m2 p − mq − r)
= (m p − m q − mr) + (m p − mq − r) =
(m + 1)(m2 p − mq − r) (m + 1)(m2 p − mq − r)
( m + 1 )( m3 p − mq − r )
= =1
3
( m + 1 )( m p − mq − r )

2 2 2 (5a − b)2 − (7 c)2 (5a − b − 7 c)( 5a − b + 7 c )
(f) 25a + b − 10 ab − 49 c = = = (5a – b – 7c)
5a − b + 7 c (5a − b + 7c) 5a − b + 7 c ( )
2 2 3
12 xy(9 x − 16 y ) 12 xy ( 3 x − 4 y )(3 x + 4 y)
(g)
= = 3(3x + 4y)
4 xy(3 x − 4 y) 4 xy ( 3 x − 4 y )
8. (a) 3(x2 + 5x) = 3x2 + 15x. It is correct no error.
(b) (2x)2 + (6y)2 = 4x2 + 36y2 ≠ 4x + 36y (c) (3x + 5)2 = 9x2 + 30x + 25 ≠ 3x2 + 15x + 25
(d) 3x + 4x + x = 8x ≠ 7x (e) 5y + 2y – 3 = 7y – 3 ≠ 7y
4 x2 1 6 x + 5z 6 x 5z 5
(f)
≠ (g) = + = x + z ≠ x + 5z
2
4x + 5 5 6 6 6 6
9. For x = –2
(a) x2 + 4x – 5 = (–2)2 + 4 (–2) – 5 = 4 – 8 – 5 = –9.
(b) (x – 4) (x – 2) = (–2 – 4) (–2 – 2) = (–6) × (–4) = 24.
Chapter 15
Exercise 15.1
1. (a) 700 tickets (b) Saturday; Monday (c) Thursday (d) 1150 tickets
2. (a) May; ` 2500 (b) January (c) ` 9000 (d) ` 500
3. (a) Indoor → 24°C, Outdoor → 27°C (b) 8 am to 10 am (c) 6 pm
(d) Between 10 cm and 11 am
4. (a) Class test 2 (b) Class test 3 (c) 15 marks
(d) He improved in middle but the score decreased again in test 4. He score better in
Mathematics.
5. (a) Wednesday → 4 cm; Saturday → 6 cm (b) Sunday
(c) Tuesday and Wednesday (d) 8 cm
(e) increase by 2 cm
6. 7.
104 600
525
103 500
102
Temperature (°F)
400 400
101
300 250
100
200
125
99
100
98
5 10 15 20
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
9 am
10 am
11 am
Time

8. (a) 100 km (b) 3
50 km (c) Yes, the graph is constant
(d) 14 Hours
9. (a) May (b) January (c) Worse (d) April and June
(e) January
10. (a) S.St, Science (b) M aths, Science (c) English, Sanskrit
(d) S.St (e) English
Exercise 15.2
3. (a) A(1, 12), B(5, 12), C(5, 8), D(1, 8) (b) P(8, 9), Q(12, 9), R(11, 3), S(7, 3)
(c) W(3, 1), X(2, 3), Y(3, 5), Z(4, 3)
ABCD → Square, PQRS → Parallelogram, WXYZ → Rhombus
4. A(2, 2), B (4, 3.5), C(6, 3), D(8, 6), P(–2, 2), Q(– 1, 4), R(–4, 3), S(–6, 2), U(–3, –3),
V( –5, –1), W(0, –6), X(2, –3), Y(5, –5), Z(7, –1)
5. (a) True (b) True (c) False; The point (0, 7) will lie on y-axis
(d) False; The coordinates of origin are (0, 0)
(e) False; A line graph which is a whole unbroken line is called a linear graph.
6. x-axis → (c), (d) and (e); y-axis → (b), (d) and (g)
7–9. Do it yourself. 7. Yes, Yes 8. Triangle 9. Real
10. 11.
40 900
36 800
32 700
Perimeter (in cm)
28 600
Principal (in `)
24 500
20 400
16 300
12 200
8 100
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 O 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Length (in cm) Interest (in `)

Perimeter for side length 10 cm = 40 cm
For the principal of ` 800, the interest

paid is ` 160
14. Do it yourself. [Hint: Distance = Speed × time]

15. 16. It is a line graph
190
170
150
130
Distance (in km)

110
90
70
50
30
10
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 am
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
Time
(a) 40 km (b) 1 pm
Worksheet–1
1. (a) 45°C (b) 3 minutes (c) 12 minutes; 70°C (d) 2 to 4 minutes
2. Do it yourself.
3. (a) 5 second to 10 second (b) 25 second to 30 second (c) 65 m
4. Do it yourself.
Worksheet–2
1. (a) 700 students (b) 2017 (c) 100 (d) 1000 boys
(e) 2011, 2012 and 2013
Chapter 16
Exercise 16.1 (b) 4 A B 6
1. (a) 4 A + 3 B 2 A
+ 9 8 A 3 A 4
C B 3 6 + A = 14
A + 8 = 13 ⇒ A=8
⇒ A = 13 – 8 B+2+1=A
A=5 B+3=8
4 + 9 = 13 + 1 = 14 B=5
So B = 4 A + B = 13
C = 1. ∴ A = 8, B = 5

(c) 4 A (k) A B
+ 8 9 × A 7
C B 4 6 7 B
A + 9 = 14 B×7=B
A=5 5 × 7 = 35.
4 + 8 = 12 + 1 = 13 B = 5, A = 2
B=3 (l) A B
C = 1.
× 9
d, e, i can be solved similarly.
6 AB
(f) A 8 4 B
– C 8 1 9 × 5 = 45
9 × 7 = 63
A 0 A 9
A = 7, B = 5.
B–1=9 (m) 5 A
⇒ B=0 × A
13 – 8 = 5 B BA
A=5
6 × 6 = 36
C=7
5 × 6 = 30 + 3 = 33
(g) A A A = 6, B = 3.
× A (n) A 8 3
B 3 9 + 8 B
A × A = 7 × 7 = 49 + 8
7 × 7 + 4 = 49 + 4 = 53 DC 7 7
A = 7, B = 5
B=6
(h) A 9
A=9
B
C=0
A A1
D=1
9 × 9 = 81 2. 1 A B
⇒ B=9
A × B = 4 × 9 = 36 + 8 = 44. + C C A
6 9 7
(j) A 2 A
× B Here 1 + C = 6 ⇒ C = 5
B 6 B A + C = 9 ⇒ A + 5 = 9
A×B=B ⇒ A = 4
⇒ A=1 and B + A = 7 ⇒ B = 3
B = 3. \ A + B + C = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
Exercise 16.2
1.–3. Refer as at the end of book
4. 1 4 5 6 3 4 6 0
by = 2 yes as unit digit is 0.
by 3 = 1 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 0 = 29 – no as the sum is not divisible by 3.
by 4 = 60. The no formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4 so the no is divisible by 4.

by 5, Yes as unit digit is zero.
by 6, No as the no is divisible by 2 but not by 3.
by 8, No as the no formed by last three digits is not divisible by 8.
by 9, No as the sum of digits is 29 which is not divisible by 9.
by 10, Yes as the unit digit is zero.
by 11, 1 + 5 + 3 + 6 = 15
4 + 6 + 4 + 0 = 14.
15 – 14 = 1 which is neither zero nor a multiple of 11 so the no is not divisible by 11
Similarly b , c, d can be completed.
6. (a) divisible by 2, it is 0.
(b) by 3, 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + x = 14 + x
x = 1 is the smallest digit for the no to be divisible by 3.
(c) by 10 the only digit possible is 0.
(d) by 9, 2 + 3 + 5 + r = 14 + r = 18. So 4 is the smallest digit.
(e) by 5, 0 is the smallest digit.
(f) by 4, 56 is the no. divisible by 4 so smallest digit is 6.
(g) by 11 = 2 + 4 + x = 6 + x
3 + 5 = 8
6 + x = 8 ⇒ x = 2 is the smallest digit.
(h) by 6, digit should by 4 so that the no is divisible by 2, as well as 3 and hence by 6.
(i) by 8, 456 → 6 is the smallest digit to make no. divisible by 8.
7. (a) 21y5 = is a multiple of 5 → y = 0.
21y5 = is a multiple of 3 → y = 1.
21y5 = is a multiple of 9 → y = 1.
8. (a) 2 + 1 + 4 + 5 + y = 12 + y = 18 10. 631z5 is multiple of 3 80
⇒ y = 6 Sum of digits should be a multiple of 3
(b) 30y65; 3 + 0 + y + 6 + 5 6 + 3 + 1 + z + 5 = 15 + z = 15, 18, 21, 24
⇒ 14 + y = 18 \ z = 0, 3, 6, 9.
y = 4. 11. 235y68 is divisible by 11
(c) 416y7; 4 + 1 + 6 + y + 7 So 2 + 5 + 6 = 13
⇒ 18 + y = 18 or 27 3 + y + 8 = 11 + y
y = 0 or y = 9 To make it divisible by 11
(d) 3125y; 3 + 1 + 2 + 5 + y 2 + 5 + 6 = 3 + y + 8
⇒ 11 + y = 18 13 = 11 + y
y=7 2=y
(e) 415y72; 4 + 1 + 5 + y + 7 + 2 12. 14 81 05 90 68
⇒ 19 + y = 27
1 + 8 + 0 + a + 6 = 15 + a
y=8
9. 247x 4 + 1 + 5 + 0 + 8 = 18
Sum of digits = 2 + 4 + 7 + x To make it divisible by 11,
⇒ 13 + x = 15, 18, 21 15 + a = 18
\ x = 2, 5, 8 \ a = 3

Worksheet–1
1. (a) A B A A+2=6 (b) 3 4 5 6 +3=9=B
A=4 5 + 9 = 14
+ 1 B 2 + 6 2 B
B + B = 16 A=4
6 6 6 B 7 A
B=8 B=9
(c)
1 A 8 8 + B = 15 ⇒ B = 7 (d) 2 A B 2 + 5 = A
+ B B B A + 7 + 1= 17 ⇒ A = 9 + 5 9 B
2+5+1=A
A=8
A B 5 A 7 A
B+B=8
B=4
(e)
A A A×A=A (f) 7 A 3 × A = A
6 × 6 = 3(6) ⇒ A = 5
× A × 3
\ A = 6 and B = 2
3 9 A B B 5
2. (a) (ii) as unit digit is 3

(b) (i) 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 25 is not a multiple of 3
\ 3456 is not divisible by 3
(ii) 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 = 30 yes, it is divisible by 3
(iii) 1 + 0 + 9 + 8 + 2 + 5 = 25— No it is not divisible by 3
(iv) 3 + 0 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 25— No it is not divisible by 3
(c) (i) 9 + 1 + 5 + 3 = 18
8 + 2 + 0 = 10
18 – 10 = 8 ≠ 0 or multiple of 11 so not divisible by 11
(ii) 1 3 0 0 2 Here, 1 + 2 = 3
3+0=3
3 – 3 = 0 13002 is divisible by 11
(iii) 9 3 4 1 5 9 6 0 Here, 9 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 24
3 + 1 + 9 = 13
24 – 13 = 11 is it divisible by 11
(iv) 3 4 2 0 5 6 Here, 3 + 2 + 5 = 10
4 + 6 = 10
\ 10 – 10 = 0 it is divisible by 11
(d) (i) 38562 → is divisible by 2 as unit digit is 2.
3 + 8 + 5 + 6 + 2 = 24 it is divisible by 3
\ 38562 is divisible by 2 and 3 hence divisible by 6.
(ii) 90806 → is divisible by 2.
9 + 8 + 6 = 23 is not divisible by 3
⇒ 90806 is not divisible by 6.
(iii) 143752 → divisible by 2.
1 + 4 + 3 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 22 not divisible by 3
⇒ 143752 is not divisible by 6

3. 2y95 is divisible by 3 then
2 + y + 9 + 5 = 16 + y = 18, 21 or 24 ⇒ y = 2, 5 or 8
4. 354x → x = 0, x = 4, x = 8
So, 0, 4, 8 are all the possible digits.
5. 147b6 → 1 + 4 + 7 + b + 6 = 18 + b = 18 or 27
b = 0 or 9.
6. 248101b085
2 + 8 + 0 + b + 8 = 18 + b
4 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 5 = 11
18 + b = 11 or 22
b = 22 – 18 = 4
7. 3845648
(a) 648 is divisible by 8 \ 3845648 is divisible by 8
3 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 4 + 8 = 38 is not divisible by 9
Hence 3845648 is not divisible by 9
3 8 4 5 6 4 8
3 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 21
8 + 5 + 4 = 17
21 – 17 = 4, hence not divisible by 11
(b) 36152720. Since 720 is divisible by 8 hence.
36152720 is divisible by 8.
3 + 6 + 1 + 5 + 2 + 7 + 2 + 9 = 26
26 is not divisible by 9 hence 36152720 is not divisible by 9.
3 6 1 5 2 7 2 0 = 0
3 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 8
6 + 5 + 7 + 0 = 18
18 – 8 = 10, hence not divisible by 11
(c) 489256152, 4 + 8 + 9 + 2 + 5 + 6 + 1 + 5 + 2 = 42
489256152; 152 is divisible by 8 hence the no is divisible by 8.
42 is not divisible by 9 hence
489256152 is not divisible by 9.
4 8 9 2 5 6 1 5 2
4 + 9 + 5 + 1 + 2 = 21
8 + 2 + 6 + 5 = 21
21 – 21 = 0 hence 489256152 is divisible by 11

8. A7BA is divisible by 3 and 5 then unit digit A is either 0 or 5 since A is at ten thousand
place also. Hence A ≠ 0
⇒ A = 5
\ 57B5 is divisible by 3, then
5 + 7 + B + 5 = 17 + B = 18, 21, 24
B = 1, 4, 7.
9. 6520A6 is divisible by 3, then
6 + 5 + 2 + 0 + A + 6 = 19 + A = 21, 24, 27
⇒ A = 2, 5, 8.
10. 1234
(a) Divisible by 2
smallest digit = 0 and largest digit = 8
(b) Divisible by 3.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + = 10 + = 12 or 15 or 18
smallest digit = 2 and largest digit = 8
(c) Divisible by 5
1234 → Smallest = 0
Largest = 5
(d) Divisible by 10
1234 = smallest and largest both are 0.
(e) Divisible by 9
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 + = 18 ⇒ =8
smallest and largest both are 8.


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MATHEMATICS WORKBOOK

(Student's Support Materials)

2. (a) Let x be M.I. of –15

−4  −10 − 21  −4 −31 +124

−5 × 9 − 1 × 2 +19 − 66 −45 − 2 −47 −47 −47

(b) −11 + 17 − 4 + 5 (Commutative prop. of addition)

10. (a) (b)

4. Colour Tally marks Frequency

5. (a) 10 (b) 40–50 (c) 0–10 and 80–90 (d) 60

C.I. Tally marks Frequency

8. Class internal Tally marks Frequency

Maximum = others Minimum = Fuel

2. Vehicle Fraction Angle

5. Subject No of students Angle

Maths 200 200

7. (a) Amount spent on hockey = ` 7200

9. Division No% Fraction Angle

(a) Let the total no of students be x.

10. Fraction Central Angle

(a) 40–45 years (b) 41 (c) 44

5. Expenses Amount Fraction C. Angle

Rent 7200 7200 90°

Education 3600 3600 3600

6. News papers % Fraction Angle

3. Mode No of student Fraction C. Angle

5. Year No of cars Fraction C. Angle

1225 5×5×7×7 5×7 35

350 702 = 4900

(i) 0.1089 = 1089 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 = 33 = 0.33

8. (a) 9261 make the triplets from unit place side.

5. (a) 2 1372 1372 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7

7. (a) 3 216 = 3 6 × 6 × 6 = 6 (b) 3 −4 12 = 3 −512 = 3 −8 × −8 × −8 = −8

(c) 3 29.791 = 3.1 (using approximation)

Exercise 8.1 0.35 × 100 35

16. S.P of fan = 1254

Profit% = Profit × 100 =

y = 100 × 367.20 = `340.

C.I = A–P = `27121.50 – `24600 = `2521.50

(c) P = `8000, t = 3 years, r = 10%

C.I = A – P = `8830.50 – 8000 = `830.50

= 80000 × 105 × 105 = `88200

∴ Amount to be returned after 2 years and 5 months = A + S.I

10000 = 3333.33 approx.

100 + Gain % 115 3 345

CI = A – P = 11248.64 – 10000 = `1248.64

3. Monomials: – 4xy2z, –3xy; binomials; – 2x + 9, 3x2y + z, 2xy2 – 3yx2, 6xy + 4x

(c) abc, ab2c, a2bc (d) x2 + x3 – 2x + 7, 3y4 – 2y3 + 7y2 – 1

7. (a) 2ab + bc + 3ca (b) 2a – b + 4ab

8. (a) – 7x2 + 9x – 11 (b) – 2x2y – 4xy – 6y (c) – 6x3y + 7xy – 6x – 8

(f) 5x2y + 6x2 + 6y + 2 6x2y + 7x2 – 7y + 4

10. (a) (b) B = – 3x2 – 5xy + 7y2

= a3 – abx + 8a + 7ba2 – 7b2x + 56b

11. (a) Simplify

= 15 × (2)2 – 19 (1) (2) – 56 × (1)2 = 15 × 4 – 38 – 56

= 2x4 + 11x2y2 + 15y4

= 2(1)4 + 11 (1)2 (–2)2 + 15 (–2)4 = 2 + 11 × 4 + 15 × 16

(e) (6r + 7s)2 – (6r – 7s)2

= 25 + (0.03) × 5 + 0.0002 = 25 + 0.15 + 0.0002 = 25.1502

100 SM-MATHEMATICS WORKBOOK – 8

3. (a) 17x + 8y – 15z (b) 15 – 8p + 6r – 49q

(c) 13x + 14xy + 7 12x – 15xy + 9

(d) 9p2 + 5pq – 7

(b) −11 + 17 − 4 + 5 (Commutative prop. of addition)