Education 10 The Teaching Profession

Assignement#2

1. John Dewey (1859–1952) was one of the United States’ best known academics, philosophers and
public intellectuals. From humble beginnings in Vermont, he managed to achieve a PhD in philosophy
and become a professor at the University of Chicago. It his here that he began experimenting with
educational reform, establishing his famous ‘Laboratory School’ in 1896 to develop and test ‘progressive’
methods of teaching. This is where Dewey’s lifelong concerns with the social outcomes of education
began, and particularly his interest in the ways in which education could enhance democracy. He moved
to Columbia University in 1904, where he was a professor of philosophy, regularly lecturing in the
University’s Teachers’ College. He worked at Columbia for the rest of his life, writing a number of books
on education and making a major contribution to the American philosophical school of ‘Pragmatism’. By
this, Dewey meant that philosophy had to be grounded in the practical conditions of everyday human life,
and that human knowledge should be linked to practical social experience. This philosophy underpinned
all his educational thinking.

As a philosopher, social reformer and educator, he changed fundamental approaches to teaching and
learning. His ideas about education sprang from a philosophy of pragmatism and were central to the
Progressive Movement in schooling. ... To Dewey, the central ethical imperative in education was
democracy.

2. John Broadus Watson was Born on January 9, 1878, He became more commonly known as John B.
Watson in academic circles. He was born in Traveler's Rest, South Carolina. His parents were Pickens
Butler and Emma Watson. His mother Emma was a religious woman and, so she named John after a
Baptist minister. She hoped that he too would grow up and preach the Gospel and thus subjected John to
harsh religious training. Her methods backfired as John eventually felt quite antipathic towards religion
and instead identified as an atheist.

Watson (1913) stated that: 'Psychology as a behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch
of natural science. Its theoretical goal is … prediction and control.' ... Behaviorists propose the use of
operational definitions (definingvariables in terms of observable, measurable events).

3. William Chandler Bagley (March 15, 1874 – July 1, 1946), was an American educator and editor. A
critic of pragmatism and progressive education, he advocated educational "essentialism." Bagley
published chiefly on the topics of teacher education, curriculum, philosophy of education, and educational
psychology. His experience as teacher and administrator of public schools laid a strong practical
foundation for his theoretical formulations regarding improvement in public education. Bagley promoted a
core of traditional subjects as essential to a good education, the goal of which is the development of good
citizens who will be useful to society. He believed this education should be available to all, and opposed
the use of standardized tests that were biased against minority groups. At a time when schools were
moving toward progressive education, Bagley's views of the importance of maintaining the authority of the
teacher and principal of the school, emphasizing the importance of obedience by students to such
authority, provided a strong contrast to the egalitarian views of the progressives. He regarded education
as the method of passing on the knowledge of a society to the next generation. However, his view was
limited to academic knowledge, rather ignoring the complex of cultural beliefs and behaviors that are
commonly accepted by all members of a society, and the important role of parents in transmitting this to
their children.
4. Christian Philosophy Between 1931 and 1935, important debates regarding the nature, possibility
and history of Christian philosophy took place between major authors in French-speaking philosophical
and theological circles. These authors include Etienne Gilson, Jacques Maritain, Maurice Blondel, Gabriel
Marcel, Fernand Van Steenberghen and Antonin Sertillanges. The debates provided occasion for
participants to clarify their positions on the relationships between philosophy, Christianity, theology and
history, and they involved issues such as the relationship between faith and reason, the nature of reason,
reason’s grounding in the concrete human subject, the problem of the supernatural, and the nature and
ends of philosophy itself. The debates led participants to self-consciously re-evaluate their own
philosophical commitments and address the problem of philosophy's nature in a novel and rigorous
manner.

Although these debates originally took place between Roman Catholics and secular Rationalists,
fundamental differences between different Roman Catholic positions rapidly became apparent and
assumed central importance. The debates also drew attention from Reformed Protestant thinkers.
Eventually the debates sparked smaller discussions among scholars in English, German, Spanish,
Portuguese and Italian-speaking circles, and these continue to the present day. This article provides a
brief overview of the most important contributors, the central issues and the main positions of these
debates.

5. Confucianism is often characterized as a system of social and ethical philosophy rather than a
religion. In fact, Confucianismbuilt on an ancient religious foundation to establish the social values,
institutions, and transcendent ideals of traditional Chinese society.

You could say of the three legs of the tripod, one is filial devotion, or filial piety. A second
is humaneness. A third is ritual or ritual consciousness. Respect for one's parents, filial piety, is
considered the most fundamental of the Confucian values, the root of all others.

6. Paulo Reglus Neves Freire was a professor and philosopher known for his work with adult illiterates
and for promoting critical pedagogy, a theory and philosophy of education. ... He is the author of the book
'Pedagogy of the Oppressed' which is one of the foundational texts of the critical pedagogy movement.

Paulo Freire's Philosophy of Education and Our Ontological Incompleteness. Brazilian educator Paulo
Freire, perhaps best known for his work, Pedagogy of theOppressed, and for popularizing the practice of
“critical pedagogy,” also wrote passionately and profoundly about what it means to be human.

Freire believes that part of the purpose of education is to help children develop the ability "to ask good
questions." It is through this ability that education can help us in our journey towards liberation and
freedom through intellectual curiosity.

7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778) was a French philosopher and writer of the Age
of Enlightenment. His Political Philosophy, particularly his formulation of social contract theory (or
Contractarianism), strongly influenced the French Revolution and the development of Liberal,
Conservative and Socialist theory.

His novel Émile was the most significant book on education after Plato's Republic, and his other work had
a profound impact on political theory and practice, romanticism and the development of the novel. Jean-
Jacques Rousseau is best known as an influential 18th-century philosopher who wrote the acclaimed
work A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences.
Engr. Carandang

Just as an AM-FM radio is a tool for students learning about local and regional geography, a shortwave
radio is a good tool for learning about world geography. Every country in the world has shortwave radio
broadcast stations, and most stations have programming in English, as well as their native language.
Beginning with 6th-grade social studies curriculum, the study of geography may be enhanced by listening
to international shortwave broadcasts. Students will hear news and cultural programming that will
enhance the information found in books, encyclopedias, and on the Internet. Topics such as latitude and
longitude, time zones, continents, hemispheres, and the tropics may all be highlighted through radio
listening activities.

Writing letters to international stations to give listener reports is a long-standing shortwave listening hobby
activity. The writing assignment combines listening and language arts skills. Stations usually reply with
letters or special postcards, brochures, posters, key chains, and bumper stickers. Teachers may use
these items to prepare interesting displays in a classroom learning center.

A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a
surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a
small transparent lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers.

The first movie projector was the Zoopraxiscope, invented by British photographer Eadweard
Muybridge in 1879. The zoopraxiscope projected images from rotating glass disks in rapid succession to
give the impression of motion. The stop-motion images were initially painted onto the glass, as
silhouettes.