HISTORY

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at
the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At
513,120 km2 and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th-largest country by total
area and the 21st-most-populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special
administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east
by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by
the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar.

Philippines officially the Republic of the Philippines is an archipelagic

country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641
islands, that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to
south: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most
populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the
west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares
maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the
east, and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to
the west and Scotland to the north. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the
southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and
the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain,
which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and
the Isle of Wight.

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US)
or America, is a country comprising 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories,
and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2), the United States is the
world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is slightly smaller than the entire continent
of Europe. With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country.
The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City. Most of the country is
located contiguously in North America between Canada and Mexico.

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern
Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to
the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia.
Europe is most commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of
the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways
of the Turkish Straits. Although the term "continent" implies physical geography, the land border is
somewhat arbitrary and has been redefined several times since its first conception in classical
antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic
differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as
the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of
the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern
part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United
Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state, the Republic of Ireland. Apart from
this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the
east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the south-west, giving it the 12th-
longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland. The United
Kingdom's 242,500 square kilometers were home to an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
 Mexico officially the United Mexican, is a country in the southern portion of North America.
It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the
southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.

China officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and
the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion in 2017. Covering
approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers it is the third or fourth largest country by total area. .

India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most
populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on
the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land
borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north;
and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east

Colombia officially the Republic of Colombia is a country largely situated in the north
of South America, with land, and territories in North America. Colombia is bounded on the north by
the Caribbean Sea, the northwest by Panama, the south by both Ecuador and Peru, the east
by Venezuela, the southeast by Brazil and the west by the Pacific. It comprises thirty-
two departments, with the capital in Bogotá.

Georgia known until 1995 as the Republic of Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region
of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west
by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast
by Azerbaijan. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi.

Brazil officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in both South
America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 208 million people, Brazil
is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its
most populated city is São Paulo.

Argentina officially the Argentine Republic is a country located mostly in the southern half
of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also
bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South
Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south.

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern
coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China
Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan
area in the world with over 38 million people.

Korea" is the modern spelling of "Corea", a name attested in English as early as 1614.
Korea was transliterated as Cauli in The Travels of Marco Polo of the Chinese. This was
the Hanja for the Korean kingdom of Goryeo which ruled most of the Korean peninsula during
Marco Polo's time. Korea's introduction to the West resulted from trade and contact with merchants
from Arabic lands, with some records dating back as far as the 9th century.

Spain
Italy