ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION

ITS FA ULTS A ND DEFA ULTS I

S E CO N D E D I TI 0 N

RE VI SED

( W IT H A . P OBT BOB IP I )
' '

L O ND O N
LONGMA N, GREEN, LONGM A N, A ND ROBERTS

1 861
 PREF A CE .

THE p i ciple f publi city with e pect to N val aff i

r n o r s a a rs

h as bee com pletely e tabli hed by the u ese ved

n so s s nr r

s tatem e t fm embe f the Bo d f Adm

n s o iral ty i
rs o ar o n

Pa li m
r e t a well by the publi catio f the R port
a n s as n o e s

f all Com m f N val I qui y som

,

o i io ss e poke of by
ns o a n r s n

the Gov m
,

e t whe appointed a t ictly co fid

ern n n s s r n en

ti l th t
a , w i fo m
a no tio ca be give
ne n f ct
r a n n n, or a s

s ta ted whi ch h ve t l e dy bee befo e the cou t y

a no ar a n r n r

om
,

in s e official uthe ti c h pe or a n s a

m
.

But these evel tio a v i ety f u fa ili ar ubjects

r a ns on ar o n s

mde ep ately a d at co ide able i te val have alm

,

a s ar n ot ns r n r s, s

n ece ily f iled to co v y y sati fac to y ge e al view

ssar a n e an s r n r

eithe f the tate f the Navy

r o s f the y temo by whi ch , or o s s

it i gove ed whil e the e dl e

s rn di ffe e ce f opi i on n ss r n s o n

m o g p ofe io l m d the wa t f a y i telligible

,

a n r ss na e n , an n o n n

p i ciple i N val Adm

r n i i tr tio h ve l d to the h bi t
n a n s a n, a e a

o f eg di g the N vy
r ar n ubject p a t f om aall o di y
as a s a r r r n ar
vi PREFA CE .

kn owledge ,
in volvi g n a mze a of tech icalitie d n s an co n

tr adictio ns not to be unra vell d by i expe ie ced

e n r n

p so s
er n

He ce it h a i e that mtte f the m ost mom

.

n s ar s n e tou a rs o n s

i te e t to the cou t y are ofte di cu ed i the Hou e

n r s n r n s ss n s

of Com m o u de the co ta t pp ehe io f a cou t

ns n r ns n a r ns n o n

out f aval qu e ti o
or n a t a ge e l ig l f s u h ns c as n ra s na or a r s

d the Gove m
,

t the doo
o e t whip
rs , an oc io rn n on no cas ns

fi d it m
n s o e difficul t to keep a Hou e togethe Y t
r s r . e

t ge t ay o i tance i known to h ve occu ed

s r an o s n ns s a rr

f the office f Fi t Lo d o f Sec eta y f the Adm

,

o o rs i l ty r , r o r r o ra

h vi g eve bee decli ed f the excell e t ea o f

a n r n n or n r s n o a

tot l w t f k owledge f v l aff i ; t ge till

a an o n o na a a rs s r an r s

fte a ve y ho t tim
,

a r e wh t wa ece tly held t be i

r s r a s r n o n

com p ehe ible i uppo ed to be o tho oughly m

,

r ns , aste ed
s s s s r r

an d u de to d th t n v l Opi i o a ofte t e ted

rs o a na a n ns re n r a

with co ide ble co tem

,

ns pt as al togethe upe fluou

ra n , r s r s .

Eve with the be t i te tio

n ho t te u e of office s n n n s, a s r n r

can eve e bl e a civili to g i m

n r na o e th a ve y an an r an r

im pe fect k owledge f val aff i m

r n o e e peci ll y as o na a r s, r s a

con t t l bour i equi ed t e ble him

s an a to u de t nd
s r r o na n rs a

som ethi g of the m tte s whi ch a hourly p e i g f

n a r re r ss n or

hi deci io
s he ce it follow that eve tho e wh h ve
s n n s n s o a

held the highe t office i the Adm i alty as eldomif s n r c n s

eve obtai uch a com

,

r, plete k owledge of the ubject

n s n s as

to e able them
n to fo mdi ti ct ge e al tim te f th r a s n n r es a o e
 PREFACE . v ii

m
e t dem
ri s or e it f the y tem they have uperi t ded
r s o s s s n en ,

an d thi l o e acco u t f
s can th
a l o ng co urse f ye a n or e n o rs

du i g which it ha conti ued i it p e e t state without

r n s n n s r s n

a y attem pt to efo m it f om
,

n withi r r r n

With e pect to naval office the cas e i ot m

.

r s o e eu rs s n r

cou gi g f the o ly
ra n orubject whi ch the e i
n one s on r s

m m m
,

ge n e al gr ee e t aa o g trthe i the nu tte hope l e n e s s r ssn ss

m m
,

of yg
an ood e ul t ar is i g f o r sy t e w hi ch i fe l t tn r a s s s o

h g like blight ove the N vy A d yet the office

an a r a n r

who w eloque t o the ubject yeste d y becom

.

as n n e s r a s

pe h p to m o ow a m em
,

r a s b f the Bo d d po ibly
-
rr er o ar an ss

f omu ppo i g th t what f il d in o the ha d m

,

r s s n a a e r s
y n a

su cceed whe he h as h re i it m n a agem e t hi view a s a n s n n s s

ofte cha ge with m

,

n a vell ou
n apidity a d if a wo d i r s r n r s

i d ag i t the y te mhe will defe d i t a if he h d

,

sa a ns s s n s a

f hum wi dom
,

al w y co a ide ed it the pe fecti o

s ns r r n o an s

Be ide the e ob t cl e to ou d j udgm e t bei g fo m

.

s s s s a s ed a s n n n r

on que tio o im s portant the e i the t ditio al c

ns s , r s ra n on

fid whi ch i cli e al l who d ot i qui e f

e n ce n n s o n n r or

them elve ( d wh doe i qui e f him

.

s s, an elf u thi
o s n r or s o s

subject ? ) to e t i the ecu e beli ef that the B i ti h Navy

r s n s r r s

i the 6 p lu ult
s 72 f effici e cy ; the da ger howeve
s ra o n n r

becom e fo m i d b le if uch co fiden ce e t o i uffi

s r a s n r s s n ns

cie t g ou d particul a ly whe it i hared by publi c

n r n s, r n s s

mn h vi g the be t oppo tu itie if they woul d but

m
e a n s r n s,

u e the
s o f form i g j u te co clu io
, n s r n s ns .
 PREFACE .

de these ci cum
Un r t ce it ppea s that f ct collected
r s an s a r a s

i
n s u ch a hape to how i s view the p i ciple
as s n on e r n s on

which a val ff i n co ducted a d the e ult f the

a a rs a r e n n r s s o

m ode of dm
,

i i t tio a p oved by the ctual co di tio

n s ra n as r a n n

of the fi t g e t e e ti lrs f N vy Ship d Se m

r a ss n e a s o a a , s an a n,

woul d be f g e t v l ue i e bli g the cou t y t j udge

o r a a n na n n r o

whethe u N
r or n o o
y wo u l d be e ffectirve i g e t e m
av e n r a r

g ci
en i d u
es p opo ti
n o ei the e to u rv t expe di
r tu e n r o r as n r

or t ouo g e t equi emr e t i th w y f m

r a r a itim re n s n e a o r

defe ce a d whethe it woul d pp oach the am

n n ou t
r a r n r ea

ably to be expected com p i g our im m e em

,

son ate ial, ar n ns r s

o f aval tre gth with u

n s v il ble e ou ce
n o r a a a r s r s .

Th Autho co ceive that

e r ubject n u p s no s can s r as s

thi i ims po ta ce t hi c u t y d he e te tai the

n r n o s o n r an n r ns

tro ge t co victio that g e t pe il m

,

s n s n u t eve tu l ly e
n ue r a r s s n a ns

if an y ve y e o eo u e tim
r te f ou eal co ditio houl d
rr n s s a o r r n n s

p ev il m
r a uch lo ge n r

He i o de ply im
.

s p e ed with the ove powe i g

s e r ss r r n

n ece ssity f g e t ch ge befo e the N y

o r a be ff
an s r av ca n e ec

ti ly o ga i ed th t he feel him
ve r n s s lf com pelled by the
a s e

well as by the im m e e im
,

fo ce
r f hi co vi cti o
o s n ns, as ns

po ta ce f the ubject t lay the grou d

r n o s which ,
o n s on

they ar ba ed befo e the cou t y i Cl ear a d i tel

m
e s r n r n a n n

ligibl e fo m o e e peciall y becau e m

r r any ci cum s ta ce s r s n s

com bi e t e de the p e e t j u ctu e m

,

n o r n ro t f vou able r s n n r s a r

for epai i g the evil he h poi ted ut d a lo g

r r n s as n o , an n
 PREFACE . ix

time my be expected t el p e befo e uch a oppo

a o a s r s n r

tu i ty will
n p e e t it elf r s n s

He h a car efull y co fi ed hi ob e vatio to m

.

s n n atte s s r ns rs

p ope ly p to the f ee t pub h di cu i o an d his object

r r o en r s c s ss n,

i
s no t t cas t b lam
o e i di i dual b ut the t how
on n v s, ra r o s

th t the m
a i m gem e t whi ch exi t g ow aturally
s a na n s s, r s n

f om
r the lo g Ope tio f a tho oughly viciou y tem
n ra n o r s s s

Hi m
.

so t sa gui e hope will be full y a swe ed if the e

s n n s n r s

p ge houl d h ve om
a s s e effect i d awi g tt tio to the
a s n r n a en n

F ul t a d Defaul ts f u Adm
a s n i al ty adm
inist ati o a d
o o r r r n, n

so co t ibute to thei em
n r edy r r .

J anuary l 6 th , 18 6 1 .
 CONT ENT S .

CHAP . PA C E
I — INTRO
. DUCTION l

II . T EE A MIR
- D ALTY 21

III . DocKYA RDs

- A ND SHIPS OF WA R 38

N .
—
DOCKY ARDS (con tinued) z —B A s s D ocxs m 62

V . —
M ANNINO THE NA VY z —M EASU REs ADOPTED 78

VL— M ANNING THE NA VY (con tinu ed )z—M EA SU REs OMITTED 1 10

VIL—RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY 1 33

P OSTSCRIPT 15 3

A PPEND IX 16 1
 A DMIEALTY A DMINISTRATION:

ITS FAULTS AND DEFAULTS .

CHA PTER I .

I N T R O D UC T I O N .

N p t f the policy pu ued by Loui N poleo i ce h

bec m e the Rul e f F ce h bee m o e emk ble
0 ar o rs s a n s n e

th the e e gy wi th whi ch he h devoted him

a r o ran as n r r ar a

an n r elf t as s o

the i e e f hi val powe

Am o g the im po ta t m
n cr as o s na r .

n easu e foll owi g ho tly afte

r n r s n s r r

h i e lectio t the P e i de cy f the Republi c w the

e t f Co m m
n o r s

ppoi tm
s n o as

f the N ti o l A em
,

a n i io
n o a bl y ss n o a na ss ,

who e epo t w befo e u u de the titl e f E quét

m
s r r s ar e n o r n r o n e

m
s

l 0rga la Si tua ti on de la
' ' '

P a r le
’
en ta z r e su r s a tz on et

w ch p ep ed the p og m
M a r in e F r a n qa zs e
'

him e f the r ar r ra o

m
,

e t wo k he h a t bo u dl e co t s w e l y
abli hed the Em
a r s a n ss s no ar
g r n

m
co

l t d i ce he e t p i e he h h i e lf
w a d m
e e s n re s

o t fo m
s r
p
-
; , as s

i ve ted
n n a ne i d ble cl
n f hi p c ed
s r a as s o s s as

B
2 A DMIRA LT Y ADMINISTRATIO N .

wi th i o r n,the p e e t m
an d atom e t he i vigo ou ly r s n n s r s

u gi g the co t uctio f a w fleet thi p i ciple

m
on ns r n o ne on s r n

f the A em
r n

The Com
.

i io bly co ti ued it l bou n s a rs

f omthe l tte
ss n o ss n

d f 1 8 4 9 u til the
’ ’
u d et t f a o

Decem
r a r en
p o ,
n co
!

be 1 8 5 1 put d t i t exi te ce by the

di olutio f the Ch m
r an en o s s n

be f whi ch it w pa t b ut the
e e im
n o

m
ss a r o as r

im
,

po t ce tt ched t the ubject by th

P i ce P e ide t m u de tood f om
ns r an a a o s e

be the f c t th t
m i d t the ove whelm
r n r s n a rs r a a
y n ,

i g i te e t d xi etie f th t
gem e t we e com
a s r n n r s s an an s o a

c i i ll the
r s s, a pleted f the coll
arran

tio d publi c tio f the mtte p ep ed by th e C m

n s r or a

m
n an a n o a r r ar o

i io wi thi thi tee d y f the oup d t t

’ '

The Repo t f the Com m

ss n n r n a s o c e a .

i i o co i ti g f two qu to
volum
r s o ar

e f 1 4 00 p ge publi hed i 1 8 5 2 be t tim

ss n ns s n o

s o a s oy
d bili ty f the Com m
s n ,
ar es n

t the i du t y
o n s r an i io ad p ove o ss n , an r

how e r e tly the pi tio f the Em

a n s pe o f as vl ra ns o r r or n a a

powe we e h ed by the l t ep e e t tive body th t

r, r s ar as r r s n a a

h exi ted i F a ce
The que tio the Com m
as s n r n

place befo e them

.

i io e
s n ss n rs r

s elve the s as object d d f thei l bou i h w

one an en o r a rs, s o

t op ep e the vy f F ce to e ou t wi th d
r ar na o ra n nc n er a

v t g e th t f E gla d f thi they y i the o l y

an a a o n

d the m
n , or s sa s n

que ti o s d n,the e i
”
an othe rot s no r,
”
an s

san g u i e expect
n ati o e te t i ed f obt i
ns i g a ar e n r a n o a n n

decided p cti c l up io ity by o g i i g with the

utm o t ca e ll tho e v iou elem
ra a s er r ,
r an s n

s r a e t the u i o f whi ch
s ar s n s, n n o

i du p opo tio to e ch othe

n e r r l o e co titute
n a r, can a n ns an

efficie t vy
m
n na

o g the um
.

The followi g nbe le ubject whi ch

are a n n r ss s s
 INTRO D CTION U . 3

o cupied thei tte tio Fi t To t ai the whole

mitim
c r a n n: rs . r n

ar e popul tio t the dutie of hi p of w by

a n o s s s ar

ac tu l e vi ce i
a the fleet thu mki g the vy i p ace
s r n , s a n na n e

a
g d
ran t i i g chool f w
ra n n s or ar .

Se co d To p ovide fleet f c ew hi p ufficie t

n . r a o s r s s s n

to be bl e t c ll i to ctio ll the e ou ce i t i ed ra n

m thu Obtai ed
a o a n a n a r s r s n

Thi d To o g i e m
en n .

ea of putti g ffecti vely

om
an s ns an e

t i ed c ew o bo d eve y hip the m

r . r n

ra n r e tw b e k
n ar r s n ar r a s

o ut

Fou th T p ep e the m
.

r . e o ce y to e u e the
r ar an s n e ssar ns r

c t t upply f the fleet u de all the exige cie f

o n s an s o n r n s o a

g eat w with co l to e d p ovi io whe eve it

r ar a s, r r

houl d be em
s r s, an r s ns ,

s —
ployed whethe i the Ch el i th r n ann ,
n e

M edi te ea i the Atl ti c

rran n , or n an .

Fifth To exc v te v t b i d dock at Ch e

the o ly po ible m
. a a as as n s an s r

bou g Toulo r , d B e t n, an ea r s , as n ss ns

by whi ch the fleet be thu kept upplied d ep i ed

mi t i ed i ctivity u de all the accide t wa
can s s an r a r ,

an d so a n a n n a n r n s r

woul d occ i o
O the othe h a d the im m
as n .

e e e ou ce f E gla d i
w m dm
n r n ns r s r s o n n n

l l the ate i l f v l powe i tted ; b u t

the Com m
a ra r a s o na a r ar e a

i io e s Ob e ve th t i E gl d
ss n r thi g i s r a n n an no n s

a d they o othi g c b
”
i d dd l t

m
an se a a s a s ea n n an e
or
g n

tm
, ,

i d or s e t iki ex p l e th t l at e t l a

m
ea e a g s on e e s r n a
p ; n e

e t f t e gth howeve g e t will t cope with

n s o s r n , r r a ,
no

i fe io e ou ce o ga i ed f i t t ctio d c p bl e
f the full e t developm e t t m om
n r r r s r s r n s or n s an a n an a a

s e t otice d a
’
an as

ill u t ti g the t te m
o n a n s n ,

s ra ne t th t othi g i o g i ed they
s a n a
'

n n s r an s ,

D 2
'
4 A DM IRALTY A DM INISTRATI N O .

poi t to th v t m
n ou t f u e f i g popul ti o i
co ectio with the f ct th t ltho gh im
e as a n, n

pe m
n o o r s a ar n a

nn n e t h
a u r ss n as

l o g i ce bee decl ed im
a a

n s n po ibl yet
n b ti t te h
ar ss e, n o su s u as

bee devi ed
The Com m
n s .

i io e f the u ge th t the v l powe f

m
ur

E gl d m
ss n rs r r a na r o

o gt ge t m
a

anu t be di vi ded be f
em
n s a n s a r a nu r o

r ot bj ect ll li ke dep de t
e O s, a v l defe e
a en n on na a nc as

the ho e f the U ited Ki gdom

,

w ell
p i o c cely y em
as s r s o n

ce h by com
n .

Th t F a r an as ote ar s n s ar an r

i te e t to defe d
n r s s d m t he e fo e
n co ce t te
an h
m
a n ra er
y , r r n

fo cer
y bj ect
o n an h y e l ect
O f tt ck s e a s or a a .

Th t by the powe f putti g fo th h whole t e gth

a r o n r er s r n

a t o ce t be obt i ed by the pe fect o g i tio

n o a n fh
vy F ce my u e to he elf
, r r an s a n o er

na , ran a ctu l pe io ity

ass r rs an a a su r r

i the Ch el t the o tb e k f w
Th t by h el b o te y tem
n an n a u r a o ar .

a er f t i i g h
a ef ig
ra s s or ra n n e r s a ar n

op ul ti o the who l e f wh i ch u de the I c i pti o

e i t the com md f the Gove m
a
p n

M i tim
n, o n r ns r

ar s a e t the hi ps an o rn n s

dded to the fle t h ide will be both m o e um

,

e ou s

d m
a e on er s ,
r n r

an o e efficie t th tho e E gl d will be ble to

r n an s n an a

fit o ut

te mwill e ble F ce t
.

Th t the powe a f rs o s a na r an o

t i ke uch a ucce io f blow t the ou ce f u

s r s s ss n o s a s r s O o r

w l th d c edi t well t u v l powe th t the as as a o r na

eglected o g i tio f u e ou ce will be im

ea an r ,
a r, a

po ible n o o r r s r

the e dy gi t my be t uck dow

n r a n sa s ss

f ep i d u nr

befo e hi po de ou m be i ed i el f defe ce
o r a r , an so a an a s r n

r s n r s ar s can ra s n s -
n .

The e d cou tle othe ubject f the deepe t p

di cu d by the Com m
s an n ss r s s o s os

sibl e i te e t to u
n a r s i io s, re s ss e ss n
 INTROD CTIO N U . 5

ve y emk ble bili ty d i d ed othi g h vi g

th ar a

im
r r a , an n e n n a n

an po t t be i g the efficie t o g i tio f the

r an ar n on a n sa

vy e c pe the m
n r n o

o t c eful co ide tio P ob bly

wo k f m oe m om e tou im
na s a s s ar ns ra n . r a a

r o po t ce to the de e t
r n s r an ar s

i te e t f thi cou t y w
r s s o eve l id ope to the tudy f
t te m
n s n r as n r a s

e ; othi g ce t i ly could h ve bee m

n o

h er s a s n n oe n r a n a n r

u tte l y di eg ded sr ar

Whe the Com m

r .

i io
n w b oke up by the up ss n as r n co

d t t ll
’ '
bject f i qui y h d bee co cluded d the
em
e a ,
a su s o n r a n n ,
an

P e ide t M D uf u e w ployed i d wi g p the a r as

p ob bly eve com

r s n ,
. n ra n u

u l epo t whi ch w
su a r r pleted t as r a

m
n r or a

The di cu io f the Com

, ,

le t h
as t ppe edas n o a i ar . s ss ns o s

i we e h oweve t ke by ho t h d d occupy
f th qu to vol u m
s o ne rs, r r a n s r -
an , an

e be fo e u howi g the vi ew d
Opi i o f eve y m
on e o e ar

em
s r s, s n s an

be e ch que tio which o e

the e i little to eg et i the b e ce f the fo m
n ns o r r on a s n ar s ,

so r s l r r n a s n o r a

r epo t which with u t le t i ofte a ki d f ge e l

r s a as s ra

com
n n o n

p om
, ,

i e exp e i g the op i i o f
The e volum
r s r ss n n n o n o on e .

e we e publi hed i 1 8 5 2 whe we we e

s s r s n ,
n r

s till epo i g the p e tige f the g e t w

r s n glo iou ly
on r s O r a ar so r s

en ded e fo ty ye befo e a d u til udely w ke ed

n ar r ar s r ,
n n r a a n

by eve t the b u t of whi ch h ppily f u w bo e

n s, r n a or s as rn

em ote egio the pe fectio f u m

,

i
n r r y d yw n s, r n o o r ar an n av as

lm ot ticle f tio al f ith A d well j u tified w as

egim
a s an ar o na a s

ll th t m
n . n

th p ubli c co fide ce i t the eye f e t or r n s

m o e pe fect m m
e n n n a a e ,

r o e gifted wi th the highe t tt ibute

r , en r s a r s

o f ol di e s eve l id dow thei live f thei cou t y ;

rs n r a n r s or r n r

n or can the whole hi to y f w p oduce oble ex s r o ar r a n r

am ple f v lou i the field o f u fl i chi g e d

a r ce n , or o n n n n uran

B 3
6 A DMIRA LTY ADM INISTRATION .

un de u told uffe i g th w p e e t d by the co du t r s n e c

m
r n s r n s, an as n

f the y t Seb topol

H ppily f u these c lam
o ar a as .

a or i tie did ot occu wh

s a s n r en

e e i te e t we e at t ke But u egim e t
we e lm
n ar r n r ss r s a . o r r n s

o t b oke up u be t d b ve t oldie
d the f m
r a s r n , o r s an ra s s rs

s c ificed e f E gl d pe ilou ly lowe ed by

the coll p e f u m ilita y dm
a r , an a o n an r s r

a s o oi i t tio
r The wa i g r a n s ra n. rn n ,

howeve will t h ve bee i v i if te e t i l e

r, no a n a n s rn r r a s n ar

hom
n

e ho l d i e d fi d u p ep ed t o ly with
b ve he t d t o g mb ut with effective
s u ar s ,
an n s r ar no n

ra ar s an s r n ar s, an or

i ti f u m i lit y e o u ce u de m e ded
y temf dm
an sa on o o r ar r s r s, n r an a
g n

i i t tio
The efficie cy f the Adm
s s O a n s ra n

i lty y tem
.

w ut to as
n o p ra s s no

seve e t i l du i g the Ru i w though e ough p

r r a r n s s an ar , n a

p eared t ai e e i o
o u rdo u bt s whethe i
s r t wo u l d h sve s r a

bette tood the te t h d we bee e g ged i g eat av l

the failu e f u av l dm
r s s ,
a n n a n a r n a

w ; b ut i i t ati o t uch

would i volve the im

ar o

m
as r o r n a a n s r n a s

a c i i r s s i e t pe il f all whi ch
n n n r o

E gli hm e hold dea the que tio f it efficie cy the

eve e i f im
n o n or

po t ce it woul d be im
n s n r, s s

po ible to ove
e timte d tim
an

ployed i givi g the m

r rs s o r an ss r

e will be well em
,

s a , an ot n n s

e iou co ide tio to thi i qui y

s r s ns ra n s n r

I looki g to po ibl e co ti ge cie the publi c m

.

n ss i dh
bee fa too m
n n n n s, n as

n u chr o fi ed t the ubject f i v io c n n d o s o n as n , an

whe it i uppo ed we a ecu e gai t thi p ticul

n s s s re s r a ns s ar ar

da ge wen r
p t to e l p e i
ar e a to u o m l ta te fr el f a s n o r n r a s o s

fid But the fi t e e tial co di tio to y

ttem
c on e n ce . rs ss n n n an

pt t e i ou i vasio i th t F ce houl d Obt i

md f the e without which uch e te
a a

the com
s r s n n s, a ran s a n

an o s as , s an n r
 INTRO D CTION U . 7

p i e w uld be m d e ; d if F a ce houl d eve

hold com md f the e ou com
o

m
r s a n ss an r n s r

e ce could t
be c i ed o u im
an

d cotto m
o s as , r r no

po t f co ight be
mket clo ed d with the e calam
a rr n, o r r s o rn an n

ut ff u itie
woul d com
c o , o r ar s s , an s s

e the coll p e f c edit pa aly i g eve y effo t a s o r , r s n r r

to et i eve u po itio Although E gl d i uch

r r O
'

r s n . n an n s a

co di ti o woul d be little bl e to put fo th h t e gth

n n a r er s r n

f p po e eve thel e i v i o wo ul d gi ve h

othe ch ce d would e em
or
y an u r s ,
n r ss n as n er

ble the t f the c pt i

d di m a ted hi e em
an r an ,
an r s ac o a a n,

wh h i g il e ced y houl d run

d give h im w
o av n s n an s s s n , s

hi hi p lo g i de the defe cel e hulk

s s a n s n ss an a ne

hope f victo y i th e ul t f a h d to h d com

,

o r n— bt
e r s o an -
an a .

F the e e o while we exul t i the ext o di y

r as

di pl y f publi c pi it d p t i oti mhow by the ifl

or s ns, n ra r nar

ovem
an a r

m
s a o s r s s n r e

e t which h acted pow full y a e dative as so er

the loud mlevole ce f A glophobi we hould em

n s a s on

em
,

a n o be n a, s r r

th t it i t h w il lo e th t E gl d b
m
a s no on er o n so a a an

the F e ch Com
n n can e

assa il ed f , or asi io epeatedly h r n ss n r O

e e E gl d i vul e ble i eve y qua te f th e

s rv s, n an s n ra n r r r o

globe a d thi bei g the ca e it i evide t if h hould

”

md f the e h wealth d power m

n s n s s n s

l o e the com
, , e s

s an o i ght s a s, er an

be pped i thei fou d tio wi thout the possibili ty f

sa n r n a ns, o

fii g ifl e i thei defe ce n

ow d im
rn a r n r

It i taki g m
.

i e b ly pe fect view f
me th t h e m
s n a s ra n arr an r o

the re l itu tio f E gl d to

a s a n o
yn an ,
assu a s a

e t ti fied f h ecu i ty p ovided h w ho e er s r r er o n s r s ar e

mde fe gai t i v io f ll h powe d p o

r s sa s o ,

as n, or a er

m m
a sa a ns n r an r s

i t de e d upo h we l th d co e ce bei g a

m i g efe e ce to sm
er an
per y p n n r n

ai tai ed a d a p
n n , n ll p a t o l y
as s n r r n a a r n

B 4
8 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

of the i te e t o which h wealth d com m e ce ar

om
n r s s n er an r e

co ti ge t will give e i dea of the val fo ce that

u t be fo thcom i g fo thei defe ce i ti m
na r s

m
n n n ,
s

e of war
The pre e v tio of the I di a Em pire f ex m
s r n r r n n .

pl e
u com m
s r a n n n , or a ,

i volve the ece i ty f keepi g Op

n s n ss u ica o n en o r n

tio th ough Egyp t d f e tai i g u po e sio at

ns r ,
an o r n n o r ss s ns

Mal ta d Gib al tar ; the e Object

an r o l y be effected s s can n

by a powerful fleet i the Medi te e ; d if the

nece i ty f p otecti g the e o m
ss o ou a h om
r

whi ch th o g the g e t hi ghw y f ti o b l o co

e comerce
n
n

n r s se
rran an

-
an

m
ble to fo mom
r a a o na

e idea of h w my
r n s ns e a s n

s i de ed we hall b
r ,
s e a r s o an

Object the e e e e tial to ou p o pe i ty to be p ovided

be ide the defe ce f the ho e f these i la d f om
s r ar ss n r r s r r

for, s s n o s r s o s n s r

th d ge f inva io
No m
e on e an r o s n .

u t we l eave ut f a ccou t th t the g e t t pl

mufactu e which m
o

of ou peopl e m
r s o n , a r a s a e

illi o ay be t ul

the co ta t im
an r on ns r r
y
ai d to exi st e ti ely depe d po t ti on
te i al b ought fr m
r n s on n

of the aw m
s , n ns r a

r the othe ide f th

a r r o r s o e

Atla tic a d to top thi upply would hake the whol

f b i c f u com m e ci l y t mt it fou d tio a d
n , n s s s s e

l e ve m
a r o o r r a s s e o s n a n, n

illi o de ti tute
He e we my o ce m
a ns s .

o e tu f i t ucti o t th e
page f the E quet P l m
r a n r rn or ns r n o

s o en ta i i whi ch
n othi g
e ar e r e, n n n

h as bee ove l ooked d we hall fi d the que tio i

n r , an s n s n s

di cu ed whethe it woul d be fo the i terest of F a ce

to exem pt m e ch di e f om eizu e ; the an we i
s ss , r r n r n

p om pt a d decided the com

r an s

m
r s r s r s

e ce f E gl d will be
m
n

m
r , r o n an .

h e at b u de of defe ce d to xe pt e ch
hips f omeizu e would eli eve h f o a duty which m
er g r an r e n t n , r an

s r s r r er r
 INTROD CTIO N U . 9

will hal f h fleet d would co eque tly give

occupy er an ns n

f eedomf actio to h
,

a r o vy highly di adv tageou

n e r na , s an s

t F ce
Much h bee ai d al o f m
o r an .

i tig ti g the uffe i g f

pti g article f com m e ce f omeizu e whe
s o

wa by exe m
as n s s o a n s r n

s o r r s r n

im
r n

u den eut l flag ; but ar we

r n ra s ple to uppo e e so s as s s

th t h d h the powe to do c upl e woul d i du ce

F ce t fo ego the m
n
a a s e y r so , an s r s

e f peedil y edu ci g u t ans o

ext em
r an o r o s r n s

i ti e the tipul atio f the T e ty of Pa i o r a

would be m
r s s ns r s,

l l ecu i ty ag i t the e ew al f the Be li

s a s r a ns r n o r n

dec ee if E gl d we e eve i e e ough to llow

F nce t becom
an r

em
r s, n r ns an n a

o e powe ful t th he lf
The f ct th t u m
ra o r r a se a an rse

ili t y dm
.

i i t ti o whe t ted
d th t the m
a a o r ar a n s ra n n es

e ti ely b oke dow e it f u y temf

v l dm
n r r n , an a r s o o r s s o

na a i i t ti o h ve
a n s ra t bee uffici e tly te ted b
n a
y no n s n s

a y ece t eve t gi ve s g e t i te t t th p e e t
po t ce f om
n r n n s, e e u r a n r s o r s n e

qui y ; d the ubject de i v addi tio l im

r an s r es na r an r

the pe i te t e e gy with which F ce h co ti u ed to

rs s n n r r an as n n

cul tiv te d i c ea e h
a an v l powe du i g the eight
n r s e r na a r r n

ye whi ch h ve lipped by i ce the epo ts of th a s s n

E quete P le mt i e u fol ded to u

ars r r e

t o ly the poli cy
‘
n ar en a r n s, n o n

it i ugu ted b ut the e d

na ra d object th t policy w
,
n s an s a as

i te ded t tt i Eve wi thout uch a di ti ct d

vow l f tho e object it woul d eemim
n n o a a n . n s s n an

a uthe ti c n a a o
ps s, s os

ibl e to doubt th t vast i c eas e f the F e ch vy

f om e im
a a n r o

wa a m
s r n na

s atte po ta c to thi cou t y ; b ut

r o s r n e s n r

as thi i b olutely de ied by politici

s s a s wh o t the
n an s a

m
Th ese ge n tl e e n woul d r e n de r a grea t serv i ce to th e ir coun try , as
m
we ll as to th e cause of e con o y , if th e y woul d i n du ce th e E pe r o r to m
 10 A DM IRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

pee tm om
e t eem to be e peci lly i the co fide ce f
the Em pe o of the F e ch it m
r s n n s s a n n n o

r r y be u e ful befo e th r n ,
a s r e

ubject i f the di cu ed t offe

ar f w ob e v tio i r a e a

e t th t ll apprehe i o f om
s s r s ss , o s r ns n

a we to tho e wh
ns r s o ass r a a ns ns r

Fr ce ar idi cul ou ; wh k wh t po ible dv t ge

an a a an a

could the Em
e r s o as ,
ss

pe o f the F e ch gai by wa wi th r r o r n n a r

E gla d ; wh o decl e th t if he b oke wi th E gl d

n

woul d im
n ar a r n an

m
,

hi ui edi tely foll ow ; d th t the whole a

cem
an

d i m f hi poli cy i t
s r n a

en d an a o e t the E gli h s s o n n s

alli ce an .

W co ceive th t
e nbette g ou d f the e Opi io a no r r n or s n ns

coul d be fou d tha the beli ef th t the powe f E gl d n a

m
n , r o n an

o e e peci ll y h
r val powe woul d e de i t
s a er n a r r n

em
r

f ui tl e to tt ck h
r ss d d ge o u to ou e h
a a i ty
e r, an an r ar er

them
s s n

a d tho e who e te tai woul d be the efo e logically

bou d to u ite wi th the e t f thei cou t ym
n s n r n r r

e i
demdi g the full d effici e t m
n n r s o r n r n n

an n i te a ce f the an vy n a n n n o na .

O eve g ti g thes e p opo itio t the exte t f up

ran n r s ns o

po i g themt ue if we h ad t the p ese t m

r n n o s

s n r ome t a r n n no

c ew fleet i o pl ted hip i fle gu whil

F ce bou ded i ll the e i t um
s r ,
no r n -
a s s, no r ns, e

r an a n e t f upe io ity n a s ns r n s o s r r ,

till they would ffo d uffici e t o u da f egrl ect no

coul d they ffo d the m

s
g n r

i g im
s n s or n

il a ecu itie ll e t
e t ag i t the wi domf m
r s r s, n or a r s a

gum
n s s

ai tai i vy
e u te with the im m e ely im
u s

m
a O n
a ns g n n o r n

cal e com
ar n on

a s ns po t t i
ra ns r an n

a ban don th e in ten tion , wh i ch th e n e ws e rs a ttri b ute to h i mf i

mi
p a
p ,
o n

cr ea si ng h i s ir on case d shi fr o s x to n i ne te e n wi th th e grea te st

mgh
p s

m m
-

de spa tch ; an d it i t be su ste d to th e ean s a t o n ce o f

g ge as a

te sti n g th e ir own infl ue n ce , an d th e pa cific i n te n ti on s of th e m

E p e ro r .
 INTRO D CTION U . 11

te r e stsdepe de t it f p ot ctio n d with the m

on ea n , an

ight be em
n e ns

which m ployed to tt ck them

or r

Adm i tti g the Em

a a .

pe o xi ety f u alli ce t be ’

m
n r r s an or o r an o

p e fect
rl y i ce e a d i
s n ca p b l e r f ch a ge nhe h a h
ni e lf a o n s s

tol d u th t ci cum ta c m
,

s a ight a i e which would

r s

com
n es r s

pel himt b e k with u ; d the e ci cum ta ce

becom
o r a s an s r s n s

e p ob ble p eci ely i p opo tio t the deg ee i

which we m m
r a r s n r r n o r n

y l l ow hi ta obt i athe dv t g e i v l o a n a an a n na a

p ep tio ; eve if we we e to g t l o th t a w
thu fo ced upo himm
r ara ns n r ran a s a ar

s r u t l e d eve tu lly to hi
n ui s a n a

thi woul d t p eve t th m

s r n,

s no o t e iou calam
r i tie f l li g
n e s s r s s a n

upo u n if uch s tt ck hould fi d u wholly u p

s an a a s n s n re

p ed a d eve we e the ui f h i dy ty t follow th t

ar ,
n n r r n o s n as o a

o f thi cou t y it wo l d be b ut poo

s n r , ti factio f the
u a r sa s n or

ble i g we h d i ely c ificed

m o e poi t t be m
ss n s a so nsan sa r .

The e i o ly r s n e ti o ed d
on e r n o n an on e

m
n

o e que tio ked ; the Em

,

s pe o f the F e ch i ft
n as r r o r n s a er

ll m
r

a o tal ; d will tho e who woul d h ve u pl ce u

an s a s a o r

elve t hi m
r

e cy we wi th equ l co fide ce f the

f whate ve gove m
an s r a

e t my uccee d
s s a s r ,
n n or

good i t tio n en ns o r rn n a s

m
hi
Com m o e e declare th t i c p be
l e f its lf
im
s ns s a n a n av
y a o

m d equ l to a y po ibl e em
n a

e d te exp
i io a ans e ge cy n , an a n ss r n ,

we h old the be t d o ly e l ecu i ty f pe ce W a

po e l l the w mte i l f t e gth i u exam

s an n r a s r or . e

ss ss a ra pled a r a s o s r n n n

bu d ce we expe d with u ti ti g libe ality ll that

i demded f the pu po e f m
a n an n ns n n r a

s an i tai i g ufficie t
or d r s o a n n n a s n an

powe ful vy d the que tio whethe we ar thu p

na an

eet y po ible da ge i m
r s n r e s re

p ed t m
ar o e ged i th fu the
an ss n r s, s r n e r r
12 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATIO N .

qu tio f the fli i y i efficie cy f u v l d

i i t tive y te m
o r na a a

m
es n o e c e nc or n n o

n s ra s s .

Th eces ity f thi policy f elf defe ce h bee

m
s o s o s -
n as n,

o eove u ged upo u by my cts of the g e t Rul e

e n

elf who e f ie dl y e tim e ts m

a r a r

him
r r, r n s an

s on uch eli ce i
s r n s n n so r an s

pl ced I it po ible we h ve l e dy fo gotte the

a . s ss a a r a r n

h ty co clu io f the Ru i wa the fi t tep to r, rs s

th t alli ce with Ru i f whi ch fte the ex m

as n s n o ss an

a an pl e f ss a or a r a o

the fi t N poleo uch ext em

,

rs a e xiety h bee how ? n, s r an as n s n

Thi lli ce by the w y i

s a f the Object whi ch the a s on e o s

com m
an , ,

i io ofte efe ed t eg d
ss n so f i fi i te n r rr o, r ar s as o n

im
n

po ta ce t F a ce in y futu e w with E gl d
r n o r n an r ar n an .

The followed the udde i pi ati o whi ch ch ged

t the m om
n s n ns r n an

a e t f it i ue L M d ill d l G d
n o s ss a
'
e a e e a ra n e

A m é i to L M éd i ll d St Hele thu co ve ted -

em
e, a

a m
n e e

f om
r a e n e, s n r

o ial f the victo ie d glo ie f F ce

r o s an

oci tio h vi g co ectio o l y with m

r r r s o ran ,

to a ss a ns i fo tu
a n nn n n s r ne

an d defe t No i te p etatio i po ible except th t

a n r r n s ss a

which tu o the policy f keepi g alive the em

.
,

be f
flm
rns n o n rs o

di co d to be fa ned i to
r e at y m om e t it
n n a a an

m
s n

ight e v pu po e
The It li cam
s r e a r s .

p ig g i w a di ti ct b e ch f
a an a n, a a n, as s n r a o

eve y idea f good u de t di g fou ded e i e

p cific poli cy ; a d coul d y il lu io till h ve em
o u n rs an n on
r g n a n n

i ed n s

the t e tm
a n an s a r a n ,

e t f Switze l d the a ex tio f Nice a d

r a n o r an ,
nn a n o n

S voy houl d h ve di pell ed it

a ,
s a s .

Si ce the e eve t howeve Ru ia h

n s ch ged h n s, r, ss as an er

p eviou attitude d h ought clo e u i o with

r s , an as s a s n n

Au t i s r a d P ussi pp e tly with the i te tio f

an r a, a ar n n n n o
 INTR D CTIONO U . 13

e ti g the fu the developm

r si s e t f F e ch policy ; d
Lo i N poleo i g i e ge f the tim
n r r n s o r n an

u s a n e d f hi
s a a n a r, or , an or s

p e e t p u po e to cul tiv te the E gli h lli ce ; f the

o e f uch m
r s n an

m
r s s, a n s a or

p e e t we hall hea
r s n s e u e a the r no r o s as r s s

r eviv l f the t de i Neg oe

a o f the coe cion f
ra n r s, or o r o

Po tug l who e Oppo iti o to th t b b ou t ffic h d

r a ,
s s n a ar ar s ra a

e ti ely o igi ted i t e tie with thi cou t y f h lf a

n r r na n r a s s n r o a

ce tu y du t ’
d who e cti o i upp e i g it h ad
r a ro n , an a r ss n

bee co t tly tim

n r s s n n s

ul ted by e ch
n s an u ccee di g B iti h
s a a

Gove m
n s n r

e t i co fo m
s

rn i ty with the e
n ,
n e t de ire f the
n r a rn s s o

people f E gl d The e ct we e i deed i gul ly

o n an . s a s r n s n ar

well cho e if the object h d bee t wou d the feeli g

s n, a n o n n s

O f the peopl e f E gl d d t l owe the p e tige f the

o n an , an o r r s o

ou t y i the eye f the wo ld b ut by po ible i te

m
c n r n s o r ,
no ss n r

t ti they be eco cil ed wi th the p ete ded fi

d ym
re a on can r n r r
p n

an d ettl ed poli cy f co cili tio

s p thy o n a n an s a .

Th t F ce l o e goe to w f
a r an i de
a e ven s ar o r an a s r s

to rec l l to u the poli cy Loui N pol eo e ll y p

e t Deep the he t f eve y F e chm i che i hed
a s s a n r a re re

an

the belief th t F ce hould be p eem i e t m

s n s . ln ar o r r n s r s

o g a
tio h bou d ie wi dely exte ded t what te m
a r an s r n n a n n

ed
tu l li m m
ns, er n ar s n o are r

he r na it d th t it i h
ra i i o to fulfil th e
s , an a s er ss n

p oject f Loui XIV d f the fi t N poleo

Hi to y te che th t i both c e E gl d form
r s o s an o rs a n .

s r a s ed a n as s n an

the b i e g i t the fi l u cce f the e a pi ati o

arr r a a ns na s ss o s s r ns .

So lo g Loui XIV held Ch le II hi pe io e ll

as ar s as s ns n r, a

we t w ll with h im d hi policy w eve ywhe e u

n s

n e ,
an s as r r s c

ful ; b ut the expul io f the Stua t E gl d th ew

weight i to th cal e f Eu opea ight d om
ce ss on s n o r s, n an r

h er n e s bi i g o r n r , an c n n
14 ADM IRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

wi th the othe powe f Eu ope f u trated hi chem es

F ce um
r rs o r , r s s s ,

an d so ed h p ope place a
r an re s f the er r r s one o

g e t
r a powe b u t t the g
rs , e t powe no one r a r .

U den totall y ch ged i te l co ditio the reig

r a an n rn a n n, n

of N pol eo p oved the e ide

a n h d l o t o e f thei
r s as a s n n o r

powe d agai
r, an fte p olo ged a d te i bl e t uggle
n a r a r n n rr s r ,

E gl d was the oul a d ce t e f the ge e al alli ce an

whi ch b ffl ed the m
n an s n n r o n r

bitio f Fr ce d hu led the

bite f the de ti ie f Eu ope f om
a a n o an , an r

hi th
Do uch pi tio till hol d thei pla ce i the m
ar r o s n s o r r s

s as ra i d
ns s r n n s

f the F e ch peopl e ? d if the te chi g f hi to y

we e d themdo they co vey im
o r n e an a n s o s r ar

su ch as r a il le o t ,
n no s ar ss n o

the p e e t ep e e tative f the e ide wh follow ut

r s n r r s n o s a s, o s o

hi chem e with pe i te t e olutio t the l e f

m ploy othe m
s s s a no ss or

i d b l b c u e he em
rs s n r s n

a e e a s e be ide phy ical s r ans s s s

fo ce
r

Ob e ve f ex m ple while he i t i i g eve y e ve

he i m
s r ,
or a ,
s s ra n n r n r

t e t bli h a aval upe i o i ty the u aki g f

the p ty i E gl d wh Oppo e u m am
o s a s n s r r ,
se s n o

ar n e t Whe r ar n s n

he mke hi fi t tep i the t di tio l policy of te i

n an o s o .

di em
a s s rr

e t he them
s na

excl i mPe i h S voy !

rs n ra
”
t i l agg
or a ran s n , ar a rs a

an d decl e th t tio l i depe de ce i du t i the b

ar a na na n n n s as s n a

l ce whe weighed agai t p o pect f i c e ed we l th

e ce St ge i co i te cy i m who cl im
an n s o n r as a

m
ns r s

d com a

tio f f eem
an r . ran n ns s n n en

the dv ced po ts i e ! But h w

houl d it be ttem pted t de l with Belgium d
a an s n a na n o r n o

u eful

the Rhi e p ovi ce i the m eme

s ,
s a o a an

n r n s n sa an n r

Agai i th t celeb ted co ve tio betwee

E gli hm a d a Fre chm
n, n a ra n rsa n n an

n s an a which was published i

n n n, n
 INTR D CTI N O U O . 15

the Tim e f Decem be 2 4 th 1 8 5 9 the Em

s o pe o r , , r r

expl i t M C b d
a ns o pe fect ti f ctio th t the
r . o en s
’
r sa s a n, a

people f E gl d o u tte l y decei ved i

an the belief th t
are a

he h do e m v l p ep atio tha im
n r n

oei pl y t
fulfil the p og m p og m
as na a ar ns

m m
n r n r n s o

e f Loui Philippe
r ra o e s -
a r ra

whi ch di d t i clude no c ew hi p till l e

n i o on e s r s s ss o n e r n

pl ted f ig te whi ch eg ded the com

,

pletio f Che o

otely po ibl e d whi ch eve d e m

a r a r ar n r

em
,

bou g as r ed f ss an n r r a o

the gig tic wo k t B e t d t Toul o com

r ,

an r s a
pa ed w i th r s an a n, r

whi ch tho e eve f Che b u g appe lm

,

s no t i ig ifi
o r o r ar a s ns n

c t The le t efe e ce t the p ge f the E qute

P l mt i woul d h ve ig ll y co t di cted thi bol d
an . as r r n o a s o n e

e tio though eve it ecom

ar e en a r e a na n ra

m
s s

as s r n, e d ti o h ve be n s r n a ns a en

g eatly u p ed by wh t i ctu lly i p og e

r s r a ss a s a a n r r ss

Ag i the F e chm expl i th t g e t um

.

be f
fl t bottom
a n, r n an a ns a a r a n r o

a -
ed bo t c p bl e f c yi g 5 00 t oop e ch
a s, a a o arr n r s a ,

h ve t bee co t ucted f pu po e f i v io b ut
a no n ns r or r s s o n as n,

w thei exi te e t the expect ti o the p t f the

pe o th t Lo d D by Gove m
o e r nc o a n on ar

Em
s o

r r a e t would put
r er
’
s rn n a

top t the expo t f co l as co t b d f w du i g

It li c m
o o a n ra an

pai g ; it w t m
s r o ar r n

th e a an a e t thi co ti ge cy
n as o e s n

th t the e bo t we e built t c y coal by c l f om

n n

Belgium
a s a s r o arr

B e t Thi eem i gul

an a r

t o r s
q i tu s s s a s n ar n on se u r,

b ut i i t t u gge ti ve ?

m
s no s

The F e ch Com
s

r n e ci l T e ty h p eve ted the p r a r a as r n os

ib ili ty of thi cou t y he e fte pl ci g check

s n r the up r a r a n a on

m
s s

l f co l to F ce wh h tt ck othe powe en S e a a

except t the expe e f ou elve becom

o a y r an a r rs ,
py ,

a i g belli ge e t
ns o rs s n r n s,

f
or f cou
o t top the expo t f co al t F ce w
rse o s r o o r an no
16 ADMIRAe A DMINISTRATION .

w ould be a b e ch
r a of t e ty
r a ,
an d co nse que tly n a cas us

Fi nall Fre chm i m

y th e ad e to d the E
li h m
, y n gan s sa , an n

s a lis te nwi th i o e t i te e t if it h ad t
ns an nn c n n r s as no

bee hi w t y ep t d hu d ed d hu d ed f n r s an n r s o

tim
n s o n s or , r ea e

e f the l t twe ty ye F ce i p uaded th t

ll you p ete ded pp ehe io i a h m the T y
s or as n a rs ran s e rs a

a r r n a r ns n s s a or

p ty h vi g l t thei i flue e
ar a n os e de vou i g to g t
r n nc ,
are n a r n e

up thi i o de t t e i t powe the ld r on

ti o al a im
r r o re s o r s o asso
y s cr n

i ti f o ity H w cl o e the l lia e

with thi p ty whe the Em pe o ll ow hi m
c a o ns o na n n s . o s a nc

elf t b
mde thei m
s ar n r r a s s o e

a outh pie i eit ti g uch a ve y t l e

r -
ce n r e ra n s r s a

a d b u d fictio !
n a s r n

I the n ci e t f bl e the wi d w ted all hi fu y i th

an n a ,
n as s r n e

te t f the t vell e cl o k i i ; b ut th
’

th owi g ut h i ge i al be m o obtai ed th vi to y
co n s or ra u r s a n va n e s n,

r n o s a s , so e

it eem
n n n c r

di hm
:

d to be hoped th t the ec t bl e t
f the Em pe o will ove om
an so s s a r en an s n s

o e ll the u picio
r r f th rc a s s ns o e

E gli h peopl e d i du ce u t ce e thi fooli h det

m
n s ,
an n s o as s s er

i ti o to i with F
na n ce i v e
g e a t vra n
y n a r na .

Shoul d thi deep policy ucceed d the cou t y be p

etu t the e timte f th t da d ye
s s , an n r er

u d d to

B ight m
s a e r rn o s a s o e s an r ar

1 8 3 5 the M ,
n
y we ll
r exc.l i m pe
r i h I di a a ,
r s n a,

pe i h I el d pe i h the i depe de ce f E gl d i t el f
m
n n

om
r s r an r s n o n an

e t ob t u ct the ac ed devel opm

,
s

r the th
a f
r an e t
m
r

f f ee t de f wh teve he m
or a n s r s n

o r ra or the o l y a e
f p e e vi g them
r a
y y sa n ans
-
, ,

o r s r will h ve bee c ificed

n a n sa r

the Em
.

Shoul d the pe o f the F e ch e te t i

n r r o r n n r a n

“
i de asche i hed i F ce it doe
so rs t eem n ran ,
s no s so
 INTR D CTI N O U O . 17

wholly im p ob ble th t h e houl d be pu ui g policy

r a a s rs n a

i te ded to edu ce E gl d to uch co m p tive we k an ara a

e a to be u ble t defe t o ce m
n n r n s

n ss s o e the t ditio l
na o a n r ra na

policy f F ce A d the e
o ra n f ct e ough befo e u
. n r a re a s n r s

whi ch it would t be di fficul t to expl i thi hypo a n on

the i ; wh teve othe m

no s

s s aotive my h ve p om r pted th r s a a r e

Com me ci l T e ty it coul d t ce t i ly h ve bee

m o e bly foll owed ut if it we e m
r a r a ,
no r a n a n

r a i l y i te ded to o r a n n n

l u th ough the pop ul i ty wi th whi ch f ee t de

o e s r ar r -
ra

is reg ded d th ough the i flu ce tho e who

ar , an r n en s a re

l ooked upo it ep e e t ti e exe ci e othe ub

m
n as s r r s n a v s r s on r s

jec st S l o g howeveO E gl d n e i t u e to r as n an r a ns r

he elf the u i ve l dom ce i d e m

.

rs i io fF n rs a b u t n o r an s a r a

t te m
, ; n

if bet yed by the folly f h

ra e h hould c i o er s a s n, s e s sa r

fic the powe e peci lly the v l powe ece y to

mi t i h g e t pl ce the tho e m
e r, s a na a r, n ssar

bitiou pi
thei ccom
a n a n r a a n are a s as ra

t f f om pli hm
er s

e t f Ch lemg e
,

tio r a or a ar a n

my g i eig i E ope ho ld the pow f E gl d

ns no ar r s n ,

a a a n r n n ur ,
s u er o n an

be eclip ed
Wh teve m
s

m
.

y
a be id r y f the po
a i t tou ched sa on an o n s

upo e ough h bee how to p ove th t the vy f as a na o

m
n, n n s n r

F e i ve y powe ful d th t it occupie i

r an c s r ot r an a s

emk ble deg ee th co t t i te e t f the Em

, a s n

r ar a r pe o e n s an n r s o r r .

The t iki g efficie cy it h tt i ed h bee by vi tue r

y temf dm
s r n n as a a n as n

f i i t tio bly co ducted the p i

f di ect pe o l e po ibili ty to the m
o a s s o a n s ra n a n on r n

c ipl e o r i i te
rs n a d r s ns n s r an

with the m i i te f eve y b ch f th e vi ce

n s r, or r ra n o e s r .

The Mi i te f M i e h b olute utho ity u d

n s r o ar n as a s a n er

the Em
r

pe o r r.
18 ADMIRA LTY A DM INIsTRATION .

He ted by
is as sisC eil d A m i uté whi ch h ’

eco ded but the m

a o ns ra e

co ul t who e opi i o
ns s, s n i i te ns ar e r r ,
n s r

ac t s hi
on w e po ibili ty and whe he th i k fit
s o n r s ns , n n s ,

di eg d its a dvice
sr

E h f tho e el em
ar s .

ac o e t which i the gg ega te co

s n s, n a r n

stitute avy i pl ced u de e p o ible head wh a r s ns o

mages all the det il f hi depa tm

a n , s a n r ,

an e t d a s o s r n , an

ble f it efficie cy
The cou el f the Com m
a or s n .

ns i io of E qui y h ve bee
s o ss n n r a n

vi go ou ly followed ut d F a ce h w t bo t
ple di d fleet i com m
r s o ,
an r n as no o as

f i io efull y t i ed t
co m plete y te mf m uv e ece a y to the devel op
o a s n n ss n, car ra n o a

m e t f the e w powe ffo ded by te m

s s o an oe r s n ss r

; whi ch h l o
o t im
n rs a r s a

fulfill ed it m
n o as a s

po ta t fu ctio du i g pe ce
s s r n n ns r n a as a

e t t i i g choo l f the O ffice f the vy d f

the mitim
r a ra n n s or rs o
g na ,
an or

e popul tio at l ge
ar a n ar .

A ve y la ge p opo ti o f the hip

r r r t i ctive r n o s s no n a

e vi ce ca be e dy t f w day otice d t
’

o ce be m
s r n r a a a e s n an can a

ed wi th c ew t ai ed t eve y duty f om
,
'

the I c iptio M itim

n a nn r s r n o r r

ns r e n ar .

At Toul o t B e t d t Che bou g v t b i

d um
n, a r s , an a r r , as as n s

e ou dock h ve b e p ep ed i p
affo di g am
an n r s s a e n r ar ,
o r ar e n ro

g e
r ss , P l r f ciliti
n e f al i g u pp l yi e
g d a s or co n ,
s n an

ep i i g fleet t exte t p opo tio ed t the exige

cie which m
r ar n s, o an n r r n o n

s ode w f e would c eate rn ar ar r .

If F ce doe po e
r an
y dv t s
g e ove u h w
ss s s an a an a

o l y be i the upe io ity f h dm

o r s,

eve it r, can n i i t
n s r r o er a n s ra

tive powe how i the o g i tio f h ve y i fe i

rs , S n n r an sa n o

e ou ce f E gl d po e e eve y elem
er r n r or

r s r s, or n ane t f vl ss ss s r n o na a
 INTR D CTI N O U O . 19

t e gth i f g eate abu d ce d i m

s r n u ch hi gh

pe fectio while eve y demd f the m

n ar r r n an an n er

e f culti v ti g
themh bee g ted by the Legi l tu e with a l vi h
r n, r an or ans O a n

as n ra n s a r a s

h d an .

Neve w rcou t y powe ful i the pi it d

as

mt i l e ou ce
a n r so r n s r an

l oy l ty f it peopl e i it bou dl e
a o s ,
n s n ss a er a r s r s,

i the u equ ll ed kill

n n d e e gy f it e gi ee
a s a d an n r o s n n rs n

s hipbuil de rs

Neve we e u O ffice a d e m
.

r e wo thie f thei
o

a ci e t f m
r r

e Peel i the C im
rs n s a n r r o r

n n — a e with hi 32 pou de n r a, or

dv ci g wi th the fi t li e f ki m
s -
n r

a an n i he i Ce t l rs n o s r s rs n n ra

I din the he ic Hope wou ded agai

a, ro d g i at n n an a a n

the Peiho Fo t fou d by thei ide the m

,

r s, eh t f n r

the g e t b ttle f fo m
s s sa ea r s o

oa k th t w a on e dy r a a r a s

The cou t y th ough i t de e t i te e t dem

s o r .

n r r a d the s ar s n r s s n s

afe u
g d far ufficie t o y The
a O ffice d m n av

e dy to i k thei live i h defe ce cl im

s s n an

m
. rs en,

i the e
be f comde t i ed t
r a r s r

f j u ti ce th t deq te um
s n er n ,
a n na

mh ll be fo thc m
o s a a ua n rs o ra s ra n o

ar s s a i g i the hou f eed

r d th t
o n n r o an a

l l tho e v i ou m
n ,

te i l re ou c d f cilitie ece y
t e bl e them
a s ar s a r a s r e s an a s n ssar

o na t t ke d keep the o d to defe t the

a an

e em
se a , a n a

n y h ll be p ep ed befo eh d wi th du fo e ight
, s a r ar r an e r s ,

d to adequ te exte t
an a n

Al l t ue he ted E gli hm
an .

e g eed th t the avy are a

h ll be mi t i ed i full efficie cy d P li m
r -
ar n s n a r n

s a a n a n e th n n , an ar a n as

o l y e po ded t the tio l will by the u h e it ti go na na n a

ti fied eve y demd

n r s n , s n

libe lity with which it h

ra as sa s r an n or

i the e e o to doub t th t the um ge e o ly us

voted would h ve bee m

s r r as n a s s so n r

ply ufficie t to f lfil th

a n a s n u e

C )
‘
20 A DM IRA LTY A DMINISTRATIO N .

de i e f the p blic d p ovi de ll the m

s r o ea
u an r a ns n e ce s

y t m eet y po ible em e ge cy ; but if it could

be ho w th t the ume orm
sar o an ss r n

ou they a e h ve yet
ho t f wh t w ece a y the bl m
n a n s as r a

e m
s s s, ,

f ll e u t e t

with the gove i g powe f P li m

a n s r o a as n ss r , a s r s

e t h p oved
t ll that m
rn n r s, or ar a n as r

i t e di e to g
s r a n ss igh t be a ked ra n a s .

T the que ti o
o A we s we t p ovided
n re or ar e no r

with y y temwhich app o che i it

an ul t the r a s n s r es s

ad m
s s

i bl e o g i ti o f the vy f F ce ? it i ”
an sa o na o ran s

we to poi t to the m m
ra r n

illi o upo illi o voted

by the Hou e f Com o withou t ti t m
no an s r ns ns

m
n n

s o o e e peci lly ns a

b ad y tem
s n , r s

as a i ce t i to be expe ive d o n e , an

m e e expe ditu e f m
s s s r a n an ns

no r o ey howeve g e t
n r ffo d
o n , r r a , ca n a r

the l e t ecu ity th t the ff i f the vy

as s r a a a rs o na ar e co n

ducted with th t fo e ight bili ty d pe i te t e e gy

a r s a an rs s n r

which h ve mked the m

, , n

e u e f F ce d by
be ccom
a ar as r s o ra n , an

whi ch l o e g e t thi g
a n pli hed It
r a n s can a s .

i b u d t to f ce the que tio A we we s or are

v l up emcy ?
re

co ditio to m
s a s r no a n, ,

no t i n a i t i n u n a n a n o r na a s r a
”

H ve the g e t el em
a e t whi ch co titute v l powe
r a n s ns na a r

bee bly d wi ely de l t with d

n a an they o g s a , an a re so r an

i ed
s t j ustify the co fide ce we pl ce i
as o the vy n n a n na , as

the i vi ol ble fegu d f the de e t i te e t f the

n a sa ar o ar s n r s s o

cou t y P
n r

It i p opo ed to i qui e if the cou t y i e lly thu

s r s n r n r s r a

p ovi ded d hould the e be y ho tcom

s

r ,
an , i g t i
s r an s r n s, o n

ves tig t the c u e to which they

a e to be tt ibuted
a s s ar e a r .
 CHAP . II .

THE A D M IRA LTY .

THE g ea t fli c f Lo d Hi gh Adm
O i lh bee executed
e o ra as n

by com m
r r

i io f e ly ce tu y d hal f except
ss n or n ar a n r an a ,

f the ho t pe iod du i g which the Duke f Cl e ce

or s r o ar n

dm
r , r n

a i i te ed the ff i
n s r f the y i pe o a Lo d
a rs o nav n r s n , as r

High Adm i l
A di ti ctio w fo m
ra

e ly mde betwee the x u

.

'

s n n as r r a n e ec

tive d ci il b che f the e ice the fo m e w s rv

di ectly m ged by the Adm i l ty whil e the dm

an v r an s o ,
r r as

r an a i i t ra ,
a n s ra

tio f the docky d d f the civil e ice we e i

n o ar s an o s rv s, r n

the h d f the N y Bo d whi ch w f cou e ubo as o rs s

di t to the Adm
an s o av ar ,
r

na e i l ty ra .

I 1 8 3 3 howeve the N vy Bo d w boli hed a d

r, a ar as a s n

the dep tm
n , ,

e t f the Su eyo f the N vy the A

ar n o rv r o a c

d the Com
,

c u t
o t Ge e al the Sto ekeepe Ge e l
n an -
n r ,
p r r -
n ra , an

t oll e f Victu lli g we e b ought u de the di ect

m e tim
o a n r r n r r

f the Adm
r r ,

supe i te de ce
r n n i l ty ; t the
n o e th ra a sa e

T po t Bo d l o w boli hed ar a s as a s

The Adm
ran s r .

i lty i ce thi ch ge hra co i ted f ix

s n s an as ns s

m
o

Com
s

i io e ss d two Sec et i e
n rs a n r ar s

The po t f Fi t Lo d f the Adm

.

i l ty h bee fil led
by t te m
s o rs r o ra as

e who e p a ty po itio e titled themt

n

s a s n s r s n n o a

C 3
22 A DMIRALTY A DM INISTRATION .

e t i the C bi et b ut with
s a n exceptio the Fi t
a n ,
on e n, rs

Lo d h eve h d y p ofe io l co ectio with t h

r as n r a an r ss na nn n e

na vy
Fou f the Com m
.

i io e
o v l office f di n rs ar e na a rs o s

ti ctio the e i o f whomoft poke f

r ss

n n, s n r th o , en s n o as e

Se i o S Lo d i co ide ed the peci l dvi ”

l m
ea r s ns r as s a a se r

f the m
n r ,

i i te all p ofe i o tte

The ixth d Ju io Lo d i ofte you g ge tlem
o n s r on r ss na a rs .

s an n r r s n a n n an

t yi g h i p e tice h d v l ff i as hi fi t
’
r n s r n an on na a a a rs, s rs

i t odu cti o i to publi c life

i a pe me t ppoi t
n r n n .

Of the tw Sec et i e o r ar s, o ne s r an n a n

m e t ; the fi t Sec et y ( well the Fi t d Ju i o

rs r ar as as rs an

Lo d) i i P li m
n n r

r se t d whe the Fi t Lo d
n ar a t n , an n rs r as a

p e e t i i the Uppe Hou e he b i ofte the ol r s

o g f the Adm
r s n s n e con e s n s e

i lty i the Ho u e f Com m

, ,

r an o o ra n s o ns .

A y two Lo d
n d Sec et y ruffici e t to
s an a r ar are s n co n

s titu t Bo d e a ar .

The whole Bo d d the Fi t Sec et y ch ge ar an rs

f Gove m
, r ar , an

with eve y ch ge e t ; b ut
an u u lly o rn

j u io v l m
n

em
r one , s a a

be f the Bo d h Ofte bee

w Adm
n r na a r O ar as

i l ty to give om
, n n con

ti u d i th
n e n e ne e le ve of ex ra s a n

i to the w occup t f O ffi ce
m em
e r e n ce ne an s o
p .

The Fi t Lo d rsbe f the C bi et a d p

r as a r o a

f the Gove m
n n

e tm
, , os

e ed f the c et i t tio
ofte equi e ce t i m
o se r n en ns o

m
s ss rn n
y , a

e t
r di t ibutio f fo ce t
r a n ar a n s, o r

t com m
n r s r

be mde f e o
n O r o

or u i c t d to the Bo
r as d;
ns no

ll m
a n a e

tte co ce i g the i te l gove m

, ar

b tiu n a a rs e t f n rn n n rn a rn n o

the vy, he h at le t theo etic lly powe wh t

as , as

eve ap t f om
na r a , no rs a

r the Boa d It i eve thele t ted

ar r r . s n r ss s a on
 THE A DM IRA LTY . 23

ve y hi gh utho ity th t i p ctice the fi t Lo d m

r a r ,
y a n ra rs r a

l w y effect
a a
ys ch ge he p l e e i
an e p ctive f thean as s rr s e o

Opi io f h i coll e gue

n

gum
ns o s a s.

If uch i depe de t cti o i po i ble eve y e t

m
s

f com
n n

f f i de l i g woul d co demthe
n a n s ss , r ar n

o o e e
olemf ce f cove i g it with the collective p ibi
n s ns , as o a r a n n n
,

s n ar o

l w y hel te ed eve y m
r n re s on s

lity whi ch h e u e d would

u ge th t the m
, as a a ss r r as r an

i i te houl d t d befo e the ou t y

e po ible f eve y t to which th m
r a n s r s s an r c n r

r s ns or jo ity f the
r ac e a r o

Bo d doe t e t
ar

W will uppo e th t the m

s no ass n .

e ul tif iou
s ff i
s f the vya ar

h ve j u t f lle i to the h d of Boa d f Adm

s a a rs o na

i l ty
com
a s a n n an s a r o

po ed f Fi t Lo d wh my h ve held othe
ra ,

s o

a i tim
a rs r o a a r

Office b ut i ig o t f m
s s e ff i ; f n r an l o r a a rs o na va

Office e te tai i g ve y di ffe e t opi i o ll p f

io u l m
rs n r n n r r n n ns on a ro e s

tte d with pe h p excepti o with

.

s a a rs, an r a s on e n,

o u t ffi i l expe i e ce
o c a d f the J i o Lo d r n an o un r r .

The w occup t f office f ece ity f ll i to the

fo m
ne an s o o n ss a n

e g oove dopt the p og m m e f thei p ede

d thu e ch m em f the Bo d fi d hi m
r r r s, a r ra o r r

ce sso r s, an be s a r o ar n s

s elf i ve ted with the upe i te de ce f om e doze o

b che f v l dm
n s s r n n n s n

ran i i t ti o
s o nacco di g t p i ted
a a n s ra n a r n o a r n

fo me titl ed Di t ibuti o f Bu i e u de which ”

r , n s r n o s n ss, n r

v i ou dutie p celled ut to e ch Lo d cco di g a

gem
ar s s are ar o a r , r n

t hio e io ity t the Bo d Thi

s s n r a e t f the ar . s arr a n n o

Di t ibutio f Bu i e i poke f occ io lly a o s n ss s s n o as na s

if it h d om
s r n

ethi g f ec et official ch cte b ut the

a s n o a s r ara r,

b u di ty f thi ide i ve y g e t eei g th t it i

o t eve y oomi
r r a s a

p i ted fo m i
a s n s

hu g up i alm
a s r o s ,

n n s r r ,
n a r n r as n

C 4
24 ADM IRALTY ADMINISTRATIO N .

th e othe publi c Office d Obviou ly o ly be u eful

the i fo m
r s , an can s n s

f tio f the publi c f eve y pe o wh o

goe to the Adm

or a or r rs

bu i e m
n r n o ,
n

i l ty u t f cou e a
ce t i i who e dep tm
s ra on s n ss s o rs s

e t hi bu i e lie d eve y
e e ge d po te i the e tabli hm
r a n ar s n ss s, an r

m
n s n s

e t i e dy t
upply h im with the ece y i fo mtio The m
ss n r an r r n s s n s r a o

s od
n ssar n r a n . e

i which the bu i e i th u di t ib uted i l o t be fou d

n s n ss s s s r sa s o n

ove d ove g i i the bl ue b ok i the Evide ce n

i l ty befo e P li m
r an r a a n n o s, n

of Lo d f the Adm e tay d

m
an

othe Com
ar a

fm
r s o ra r n r

r i io ; thi i ss y te y i wo th otici g
ns s a r o s r s r n n

howeve f it t o gly exem

,

r, or plifie the b olute ullity

s r n

em
s a s n

O f all e e f i di i du l e po ibili ty f e ch m
s ns o n v be a r s ns o a r

o f the Bo d i co ectio wi th tho e b

ar n che f bu i e
nn n r an s o s n ss

m
s

com
,

which i tted to h i ch ge by h i coll e gue

ar e ar a

The Fi t Lo d m re d with po itive di m

s s s .

u t o fte y
the li t f om
a

fiftee m
rs r s n a s s

e twelve s tte e ti ely p t a ar

f omll h i p eviou h bit

s o or n rs, n r a

r a s d expe i e ce whi ch
r s s are

a ge m e t t hi w pe o l m
a an r n ,

e t u ted by thi
n r s s arr n a n o s o n rs n a

na
g m e t d
en upe vi i o
an s r s n

t Com m
.

Th e nex i io e (the S i o S Lo d) fi d
ss ea r s

mtt
en n

mltif iou im
n r r ,

a e rs S O po t t v y difficult ll
u ar s , so r an so er a

th ow upo h i h d u de uch ci cum

, ,

r n n s t ce
an t s n r s r s an s as o

co titute i the ag g eg te ch ge whi ch

ns n r m th t a a ar no an a

e e lived coul d fulfil While h i tim

v r e i f lly t ke up
. s s u a n

by the co t t upe i te de ce f all the othe bu i e

ns an s r n n n o r s n ss

o f the vy he h the M i g f the Fleet to p ovide

na

d the m
as an n n o r

g itude f the t k f omthe b e ce f

,

f
m
or, an a n o as r a s n o

an
y o g i ed
r y
an ste e ttl ed p l
s p
s ov i di g f thi
vi t l m
or s an r n or s

a tte will oo be efe ed t

a r, s n r rr o .
 THE ADM IRA LTY . 25

To the othe N v l Lo d com m itted g eat v iety

tte f m po t ce m
a s ar e a r

o e le im
r a r ar

o f m a rs o o g t whi ch
r or ss r an , a n s ar e

the upe i te de ce f the Sto ekeepe Ge e l d f o o

the Com
s r n n n r r -
n ra ,
an

pt olle f Victu lli g while the Ju io Lo d i

r r o a n ,
n r r s

ch ged with the upe vi io f the Accou ta t Ge e al -

’

d p tm e t d l o with the exceedi ngly im

ar s r s n o n n n r s

e ar n , an po t t
a s r an

su pe i te de ce
r n f the D i ecto
n f W o k whi ch i
n o r r o r s, n

e l ude th t f the dock b as i

s a an d othe wo k
o t ou s, n s, r r s a r

e l
o t im po t t to em em
a rs n a s

It i m
.

be th t thi di t ibutio
gem
s s r an r r, a s s r n

f bu i e i i te l e t by whi ch the
Bo d deleg te to it eve l m
o s n ss s an n rna arran n

em be po tio f
it w dutie ; th t e ch m em
ar a s s s ra rs a r n o

be i e po ible to the a

Bo d d to the Bo d lo e f h i pe fo mce f
s o n s a r s r s ns

ar , an ar a n , or s r r an o

tho e dutie ; d th t f each d all the e dutie the an

e po ibili ty befo e Pa li m
s s an a or s s

r s ns e t d the cou t y i th t r r a n an n r s a ,

no t f th i di vi du l Lo d b ut f the Bo d i it
o e n ll a r , o ar n s co ec

tive c p city
The eve l m em
a a .

be f the Bo d
s ra ot the e fo e i rs o ar ar e n r r n

the le t deg ee ide tified i the eye f the public wi th

as r n n s o

the b che e t u ted to them thi w t f i di vi du l

ran s n r s so s an o

co ectio with the ubject they i dividu lly dm

, n a

nn n i i te s s n a a n s r,

d thi coll ective e po ibili ty f the Bo d f eve y o ar

thi g p oduce p tic ll y com

an s r s ns or r

n ,
r plete w t f th t e e
s ra c a a an o a ss n

ti l co ective d fegua d di ect pe o al p ibi

a rr an sa r ,
a r rs n re s o ns

li ty f e ch b ch of the public e vice s r

Th i y temOpe te m
or a ran .

oe le u i u ly upo

ch f aval dm
s s s ra s r or ss r o s n

e ve y b ran i i t tio b ut i t evil

o n u a n s ra n s s ar e

o t fully expe i e ced with e pect to the m

r n

fo tu tely m
r na s ot r n r s s
26 A DM IRALTY ADM INISTRATIO N .

i m
po t r an g d the d p tm
t Of all e t p e ided AS ar e ar n s

ove d ctu lly m ged i al l thei det il by pe m

. re s r s

e t he d the upe vi io f Lo d f the Adm

r an a a an a n r a s r a

i lty t
em
a s, r s n o r s o ra

m
n n s , a

the be t ppe ug to y f be f the Bo d

t be expected f o m
s a ars n a r ,
or rs o ar can

no thei p eviou t i i g to po e th t
r r r s ra n n ss ss a

k o wledge with e pect t theme e ti l to y efficie t

n r s o ss n a an n

d it m
,

upe i te de ce u t l w y be obj ecti o bl e t

an a a na o

ove h dow the e l p ctic l e po ibility f the com

s r n n n ,
s s

p e

e el y om
rs a r a ra a r s ns o

te t he d f dep tm
n a e t wi th the m
o a i l upe
ar n , ,
r n na s r

vi io f upe io utho ity Wh t dv t ge f ex

o s r r a r

m
n a a an a or

the l bou f om
s

pl e h the cou t y de ived f Om

.
,

a as e
n r r r a rs o s

fo ty you g ge tl e m
,

thi ty r or e who h ve ucceeded

r

e h othe i the om
n n n a s

i l pe i te de ce f the dep t
m
ac r n na su ar

e t m ged by th t ble publi c Office the Accou t t

n r n n n o

n an a a a r, n an

Ge e l ? If upe i io i ece y it houl d be

n ra s rv s n s n ssar ,
s o ne

i volvi g e l p cti c l e po ibili ty d thi

a r a o ly
ra a an s can

exi t co cu e tly with com

n n r s ns , n

pete t k owledge d xp
ex m
n

ple the Fi t Lo d f the Adm

s n rr n n an e e

i uce If f or i l ty
a rs r o ra

md f the
r c

bei g civili hould be fo ced to t ke com

.
, , ,

n a an , s r a an o

Ch el fleet i pe o the e po ibili ty f the p obable

a nn n rs n , r s ns or r

co eque ce would e t the wi th tho e who pl ced

md th with the i dividu l who f omthe
n s r s ra

i com
ns r s a

h im n an ,
an n a , r

ece ity f the c e woul d be ig o t f eve y duty

hi m
n ss o as n ra n o r

a d f om
, ,

n ri fo tu e d t by hi f ul t h d bee
s s r n an no s a a n

pl ced i f l e po itio a s a

Looki g to othe m
a n so s n

o t im
.

n po ta t ubject we fi d the
an r s r n s , n

Ju i o Lo d civili i ch ged wi th the upe i te d

r a an ,

e ce f the Depa tm
n r , s ar s r n n

e t of the Di ecto f Wo k oldie ;

thi depa tm
o r n r r O r s, a s r

e t i clude the whole y tem f b i

n

s r n n s s s O as n ,
 THE ADM IRALTY . 27

dock d harbou ccom

s, an m od tio f the fleet m atte r a a or rs

i ti m
n ,

tely co ected with the i e d f ll f tide the

dr ught f w te f hi p u de di ffe e t ci cum
n a nn r s an a o s,

a o a t ce
r o s s n r r n r s an s,

e pecially equi i g the k owledge a d expe ie ce f a

s r o

e m t deal with ti f cto il y the m

r r n n n n

s a an , o e Ob e v sa s a r sa s r a

tio l o pply with e pect to th h bou f efuge

ns a s a r s e ar rs o r

whi ch i i the Fi t Lo d dep tm

,

e t ; it woul d the e ’

o t im
s n rs ar n r

t be u p i i g if the e m
r s

fo er no s rporta t b chers n s s n ra n s

o f v l p epa tio houl d p ove t be i but a poo

na a r ra n s r o n r

co diti o
n

ode f upe i te di g the Depa tm

n

Thi m
.

e t f the
Accou ta t d Sto ekeepe Ge e al a d the Com
s o s r n n n r n s o

n n ,
an pt oll er r -
n r , n r r

o f Vi ctu lli g i highl y Obj ti b l i p i cipl e yet the

pe me t he d l eft t m ge m
a n s ec on a e n r n ,

r an n o t f the detail f
a s ar e o ana s o s o

thei dep tm r e t d they ar the whole i highly

n s , an are o n n a

efficie t tate But i the Di ectio f Wo k the e i

n s n r n o r s r s no

ce t i defi i te duty to pe fo m
.

r a n n d the ch g e we h ve r r an an s a

wit e ed i the hip whi ch com

;
n ss po e the fleet occ i o as n

e po di g ece ity f d pti g u e t bli hm

n s s s

a co rr s n n n e t ss or a a n o r s a s n s

to thei ep i d upply o whi ch practical a d p f

r r a r an s n n ro e s

i ou l j udg mt i i di pe
,

s a bl e en s n s n sa

With e pect to the dep tm

.

r s e t of the Su veyo f the ar n r r o

N vy the Se i o S Lo d upe i t d the Docky d

el te to the S u veyo Dep tm
a , n r ea r s r n en s ar s, s o

f
a r as r a s e t d thi h f r r s
’
ar n , an s as o r

a l o g cou e f ye
n bee cted upo o to b i g the
rs o ar s n a n s as r n

whol e det i l f the wo k f the dockyard u de the

o de f the Adm
a s o r o s n r

r rs o i al ty d to dep i ve the S u veyo r f an r r

e t f which he i om
r o

the dep tm
,

du u tho ity ove

e a r i ar

F my ye r p evi ou ly
r n or s n

na lly e po ible r s ns . well or an a s r s ,

as as
28 A DM IRALI Y A DMINISTRA TI N
‘
‘
O .

du i g th wh le R i w
r n e d do w to the ye
o uss a n a r, an n ar

1 8 5 9 the S u veyo h d powe t give i gle o de

r r a no r o a s n r r

to y pe o em
,

an ploy d i th docky d
rs n
y bjecet n e ar s o n an su

wh teve Thi g ece y t be do e we t t the A d

i l ty i the fo mf ubm
a r ssar o

m
s n n n o

hi m d if
n

f om
.

i io r a s

pp oved could ly b executed by o de f omthe

ra n o ss n r , an

Adm
a r , on e an r r r

i alty T
r Su veyo h . bee ep oached f
he r t r as n r r or n o

pe o al ly upe i te di g to g e te exte t the wo k i

the docky d b ut wh t a m
rs n s r n n n a r a r n r n

ar s ,ocke y woul d be uch a r s an

a ttem pt the p t f public fli

on wh arw o a o ce r , o as so

u tte ly dep i ved

r f utho ity th t h d he wi t e ed the
r o a r , a a n ss

whole l e de t uctio f the public p ope ty he coul d

sa s r n

e t it except by a ubm
o r r

h ve take
a tep t n no s i io
o arr s n

t the Adm
s ss

i lty Thu the utho ity f the o l y pe o

elf hi a i ta t m
o ra s a

wh by hi m
. r o n rs n

o s ight h ve exe ci ed
or s ss s n s a

eal p tical ge e l upe i te de ce w lm

r s a

r rac n ra o t xti s rn n n , as a s e n

g u i heds a d a y w h nco i de then po i ti o o ne d the o ns rs s n , an

f effe ctive co t ol ove e t bli hm

,

nece i ty ss o e t f thi n r r s a s n s o s

de c iptio my well be t i hed th t u de uch as o n s

y temthe docky d houl d h ve bee m

s r n, a a n r s a

s s ai t i ed i
ar s s a n n a n n a

t te f efficie y
The i te fe e ce f the Adm
s a o nc .

n r i lty with the detail

r n o f ra s o

docky d wo k which h d lo g p evailed w m odi fied

by the p e e t Adm
ar r a so n r ,
as

i al ty i
r s n 185 9 d the Su veyo r n , an r r

h i ce be e al low d t gi ve o de di ect t the dock

y d u va iou mtte f im
as s n n e o r rs r o

ar s o po t ce ; but i my
r s a rs o r an n an

e pect the po itio till equi e fu the g e t ch ge

r s s s n s r r s r r r a an

befo e he ca occupy hi p ope g ou d the e po ible

hea d f a dep tm
r n s r r r n , as r s ns

o e t ; the ece t ch ge doe g e t

ar n r n an s r a
 THE A DM IRA LTY . 29

c e di t to the p e e t Adm i lty b ut it m ight be d

eve ed if the e w a ch ge f gove m
r r s n
y y ra , an a

r rs r e t s a an o rn

thi y temh bee with e pect to

n .

Objectio b l e na as s s as

the Su veyo dep tm

s n r s

r e t the e h till bee om

r s
’
ar e as

ecu ity f the publi c i te e t i m

n , r s n s

uch a the e w a
pe m
s r or n r s ,
n as s r as

a e t office co
r n ected with it who e i fl ue ce woul d
n r nn s n n

be ece ily g e t with eve y Bo d f Adm

,

i l ty d
woul d ope te co i te tly a d i the am
n ssar r a r ar o ra ,
an

e di ecti o
But the clim x f the evil f the y temi e ched
ra ns s n n n s r n .

m gem
a o s o s s

whe im
s r a

il e t i pplied to ubject f the

an a

e po ible pe o pe me tly
n s ar n s a a s

highe t m om
o

e t h vi g
s n a n no r s ns rs n r an n

co cted with it d e pecti g which

nn e pl , an be r s n no an ca n

t ced to guide the tep f the fleeti g occup t f Office ;

o t emk bl e com
ra s s o n an s o

thi m bi tio f dve e co ditio s

the m
s s r ar a na n o a rs n n

u h ppily i t be fou d i a i g f the vy the o

o t difficult d the m o t im
n a s o n n nn n na

m
,

po t t duty to fulfil which

an s r an

i l ty m
s

the Adm
,

be i d to exi t f u le the Fl eet

be m ed ll the mte i l elem
ra a sa s or n ss
y ,

can an n e t f v l powe
,
a a r a n s O na a r

p ep ed t u ch bou dle co t
r ar a s wo e th wo thle n ss s , ar e rs an r ss .

The M i g f the Fleet h l e dy bee how o as as a r a

o with v t um
an n n

com be f othe m
n s

m
, n,

i
n n attea i as n r o r rs , s

th ow upo the houl de f the Se i o S L d by the rs o

d it l m
r n n s n r ea or

di t ibuti o f bu i e ; d thi g e t tte

f it m
an r a an v a a

em
s r n o s n ss s r

i th u del eg ted by th Bo d to be one o s

who i l e dy ove whelm

s s a e ar rs ,

ed with othe bu i e th t r s n

giv it m
s a r a so r ss a

it i b olutely im
s a spo ibl e he o th occ ss can e re an a

i
s ona l d ve y cu o y tte ti o
an r rs r a n n

U de the F e ch y tem
.

n r the i the I c i ptio M i

r n s s re s ns r n ar

tim
,

e o g i e d to the highe t deg e f lly u d t d

,
r an s s r e, u n e rs o o
30 A DM IRA LTY ADMINISTRATION .

bei g i
n co t t Ope atio at all tim
n ns a n e a d tho oughly r n s, n r es

tab lis hed by l w The e a eve l hu d ed f offi e f

a r re s ra n r s o c rs o

va i ou g de em
.

r s ployed i upe i te di g it ope tio

ra s n s r n n n s ra n,

a d co ducti g it det i l ; the fo ce it will p odu e i

k ow l m o t t m d the Mi i t
n n n s a s r r c s

lw y h
t i the fulle t i fo mtio f the m
n n a s o a a n , an n s e r can a a s o

ou t f fo ce t hi
md whil e the ubject mke demd hi
n r a n o a n o r a

com
a n s s

an s a s no an on s

tim
,

e h i tte tio With u

or s a the co t y th e i
n n s, o n n r ar er s

y tem
.
,

o g i ed p i ciple ecog i ed i the e

m
no s s r an s ,
no r n r n s ,
n or s r

e po i b l e pe o pe e tl y co ected w i th th r

the i com i g Adm

rs n an n nn e

ubject t whom
an r s ns
y
s o i l ty the Se io S n n ra or n r ea

Lo d ca look
r h i g it e po ibil ity f le e t u t
n ,
as s ar n s r s ns , ar ss n r s

with the executio f it p oject Th Se i o S L d n O s r s e n r ea or

fi d th t the m i g the fleet w

.

i hi p edece o
’
n s a an n n as n s r ss r s

h d d he will v i ly eek f co i te t co u e f

ctio m o g m f co t dicto y ci cul em

an s , an a n s o r an ns s n rs o
y
a n a n a ass ob ci g n ra r r ars , ra n

an d co fu i g eve ypo ibl e que tio th t

n s n r i e betwee ss s n a ca n ar s n

em e collectively d the gove i g powe He will

be f p tty expedie t d m
s a an rs

um
n ,
rn n .

fi d ll p lli tive
com prehe ive pl which if ll the m p pe
n a n r o e n s an s a a a s

on no

we e fo thcom
ns an, a e n on a r

r i g would upp ly bout

r n ixth p t f the
um
s a a s ar o

be w would i t tly demd ; d

,

ar o g i ed
mm
r n s an

pl exi t whi ch gi ve h im
n an an no r an s

an s s the e vice f oe s s r s o on e an r

y tem
.

I ho t he h
n s r ,
t to upe i t d b ut he h
as n o a s s s r n en ,
as

to g ope h i w y i the d k to devi e d e t bli h

r s a n ar s an s a s on e ,

h i tim
s e b i g t ke p with the upe i te de ce f the
e n a n u s r n n n O

cu e t ff i f the vy demdi g pe p tu l tte tio

rr n a a rs o na an n r e a a n n,

h i te mf office p ob bly exte di g ove o ly f w

m
s r o r a n n r n a e

o th n with th co ciou
s, th t wh teve he m
e ight
ns sn e ss a a r
 THE ADMIRALTr . 31

com
me ce n ,
h is su cce o ss rs would al m
ot s ce t i ly
r a n not

co n tin ire

Am o g t the he p of docum
.

e t howi g the futili ty

pti g t effect g e t wo k by m all pa m
n s a n s, s n

of tte m odi c
th t the Adm
a n o so r a a r s s s

effo t he will
r s, i l ty hse e epe tedly a ra as r a

a ck owl edged it i c p city t de l wi th th que tio a o a e

the exi ti g y temby tu i g it ove to C m

n s n a s n

u de

m which h ve ge e ll y mde thei

n r s n s s ,
rn n r o

i io
ss ut f doo
ns o o rs , a n ra a r

Repo t t the ucce o f the Bo d who ppoi t d

thema d who e ecom
r s o s ss rs o ar a n e

,
n m e d tio h ve eve bee m
s r o n a ns a n r n re

th ve y p ti lly ca ied ut
an r ar a rr o .

It will be id th t the e po ibili ty f uch t te f

thi g e t upo the Adm
sa a r s ns or s a s a

B t which Adm
O

i l ty i l ty ? u

ll the Adm
n s r s s ra ra

The eply m
n .

r u t be i lti e th t h ve exi ted

a ra s a a

i ce the i bili ty t m the fleet w

s , s

s n na p oved twe ty
o an as r n or

thi ty ye
r f ct
ars awh i c h h bee
o, a ub equ e tly de as n s

P li m
a s
g
e t by m
n

l d epe tedl y i em be f the o

m
e ar e r a n ar a n rs

Bo d ; i v i h ll we eek f
ar n a n s
y i d i vi da l pe e t s or an n ua r an n

e po ibili ty d h d uch exi ted i

r s ns an y pp e
a t t s s n an a ar n an

m m
,

i b l h
e pe i
s t au t h ve l d t the e edy
s f a e o r or

m d e t h ve llowed himelf to be i volved i it

g , ,
no

f m i g the
an ar a a s so n

without i i ti g effectu l m
o n

ns s e n on vy a ans o an n n na

i tim
n e f d ge bei g devi ed
o an r n s .

The Se io S Lo d i h i i di vidu l c p city h a a a

he t dm y temhe
n r ea r n s n as

n o re s po ibility ; h i i te nor as o a n s r a s s

y tem
ns

h to i ve t to c e te ; d with ll h i othe an

dutie p e i g co t tly upo h imit i othi g le

as a s s n n ,
r a a s r

s ss n n s an n s n n

th im
r

po ible th t the m i g f the fl eet hould be

, ss

an ss a an n n o s

so p ovided f
r wi ll i t b to th
or , d
n or f tim e e en o e,
32 A DMIRALTY A DM INISTRATIO N .

unl sse mo e efficie t m

a ode f deali g with it
r n b o n ca n e

di cove ed
I th fi st place l ge m e ue m
s r .

n e r u t be devi ed b y
a ar as r s s

Gove m e t f p ovidi g ll th t W woul d equi e by

bli g the Adm
rn n or r n a a ar r r ,

i al ty pidl y t exp d u fo ce i an n se a

m f th t g eat eve t i co tem

ena n r ra o o r r

pl tio f the po i
b ili ty of which we m o m
en or a r n , n n a n o ss

y be i d l o e t i t i a vy sa a n a n a n a na

ho t f petty expedie t ther e m

.

In pl ce f a o a s u t bo n s s e

com p ehe ive pl d the Fleet i Pe ce ho ul d b

d m
one r ns an , a n n a s e

d i ly the ucleu f the N vy i W

a n as

I the eco d pl ce the y tem

co ns r e r e n s or a ar

whe decided m
n .

u t

be mde a depa tm
n a

e t f v l dm
n s s s n o n, s

i i t ti o pl ced
a pe me t he d
a r n o na a a n s ra n, a

u de r e po ibl e to the gove i g

r an n a r s

powe f the vy d with h im

n ns rn n

r o nat the co u t y, an o n r .

It i obviou to the le t eflectio th t if the de

s s as

m
r n, a

art t f Acco
en s u t t Ge
o e l S to ekeep Ge e
n an l
Com
ra
p n ra r er n
- -
, ,

pt olle f Victu lli g d Su veyo we e dep ived

f thei pe me t he d
r r O a n , an r r, r r

r r d thei dutie th row i to the

an n a s, a n

m f wo k t b m ged by the Bo d t be t ke up
o r s n n

ass o r o e an a ar ,
o a n

an d l i d dow ag i eve y y
a no tw d to p
a n i to r e ar r o , an as s n

w h d t eve y ch ge f Gove m e t tho e b che

v l dm
ne an sa r an o rn n s ran s
,

o f na i ist tio woul d oo f ll i to i ext ic bl e

a a n ra n s n a n n r a

co fu io ; d i it e o ble to uppo e th t the f

s n an s r as n a

m
n a ar

o e im
s s

r porta t it i l o the i fi i tely m

n as o e di fficul ts a s n n r

que tio f m i g the fleet

,

s n o be de l t with u
an n n , ca n a s c

fully uch p i cipl e ?

civili my be ble to fulfil ti

ce ss on s r n s

Whethe r or no a an a a sa

f Fi t L d f the Adm
s

f t ily the fu ctio n i l ty

i t i ve y b iOu th t to whom
ac o r ns

oeve they m
o rs or o ra ,

s r O v s
y be
a , s r a
 TIIE ADMIRALTY 33
‘

e t u t d there i o preli m i n y co di tio es e ti l to

ely th t each im
n r s e

m
, s ne ar n n s n a

ucce porta t b a ch of the y

hall be ep e e ted by a pe m
s ss , na , a ,
n r n n av

s r a e t
r s n e po ible pe o r n n r s ns rs n,

po e i g pe fect k owledge f th e st te f hi dep t

m e t d mt y f the detai l he egul te a d upe
ss ss n a r n o a o s ar

whom the m i i te m
n ,
an a as e r o s r a s n s r

i te d s, o n ely f the fulle t

i fo m
n n ay n s r r or s

n ti o
r a to the co ditio f e h b ch f the
n as n n o ac r an o

public e vi ce e peci ll y to the actual fo ce t hi

c om
a as r

md
s r , s a s

e of i fo m
an

Such m
.

tio a e wholly wa ti g i the

m
ans a n

po ta t of all nam
n r r n n

o t im
n

s ely th Ma i g of the Fl eet

r — n ,
e nn n ,

d the o ly k owl edge yet tt i ed h n bee that f u a a n as o

d c itic l po i ti o ; the o l y em
an n n o r

u tte ly u o ga i ed edy
p opo ed to tu the ubject ove to a Com m
r n r n s an r a s n n r

r s ,
rn i io ut
s r ss n o

o f doo t i ctly ch ged howeve o

rs, s r ccou t to ex
ar r n no a n

te d it i qui ie to wh t i i fact the whole que tio

m ely the cou e pu ued d m
n s n r s a s n s n,

e i which the
bee de l t with by the Adm
na ,
a rs rs an nn r n

subject h as n i l ty it elf
a ra s .

It i u ec s y to i i t t y le gth o the e il a an n

which m occu am
s nn e s ar ns s n v

o f divi ded cou cil u t Often s, o gt s n r n s

six pe o b ought together by the ch pte f ccide t

rs ns r a r o a n s,

without p eviou k owledge f each othe i ew d

’

i fact the Adm ep e e t othi g o m

r s n o rs v s, an

n i l ty ofte ra n r r s n s n n s co

l te ly the e dl e d i ve i ty f Op i i o w hi ch p ev il r

m
e as n ss rs o n n a s
p
a o g val Office ; a di ve i ty which
n na the othe
rs rs on r

ha d i par tly accou te d fo by the b e ce of y

n ,
s n r a s n an

ta da d course f poli cy to be discove ed i the co duct

of successive naval adm
s n r o r n n

i i tr ti o n s a ns .

D
34 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

Th e go e rn v m
e t
vy by Bo a d 00n of th e f
mm thout harmy f pi i and wh
n na a r o

six b e rs, wi
houl de i th ow a co fu d m f bu i e xecuti
e on o o n o n, on

a dm
rs r n n se ass o s n ss, e ve,

i i t ative and fi a cia l whi ch com

s s

h d d uti f
uch m m
e

m
p re n s es o

m
n s r , n n ,

s ag i tude as th t n f c e ti g y te fo aa g
o r a n a s s r n n

o f the fl t a d eeth e the h a d d

, n e d t det il
on o r n , e sc n s o a s

of th e e ttie t d c i pti o wh ilse o i di vi du l

es r p o i n, n n a re s ns
p
b ility attaches t a y bj e ct it h a to fulfil w uld on e o s o

fl d m
o n

m
,

ll p o p t of ucc e ful ul t eve f o

'

a or s a r s ec
p a t s ss res s, n a r r

th e co t t ch ge f pe o wh
ns an an pidly ucceed
o rs ns o so ra s

h othe i th Si yphi a labou ese

I o de howeve fi lly t com

e ac r n s n rs

p ehe d the m
.

e it f
the y te mthi latte e lem
n r r r r o r n r s o

s s , e t f f ilu e c ot be pa e d
s r n o a r ann ss

ove
ot m u ch m
r .

I n a of o e th n yea up to r an rs,

1 8 5 9 the e we e eve tee ch ge i the Fi t L d f the

Adm
r r s n n an s n rs or o

i al ty gi i g a ve age te u e f office t ea ch f
m
r ,
v n n a r n r o o o

about e year t o th tw week ; d du i g the

m e peri od th e to tal um
on , en n s, o s an r n

be of ch ge i tho e wh h ve
m ged the aff i f the vy a Mem
sa n r an s n s o a

be f the Bo d
f the Adm i l ty am
an a a rs o na s rs o ar ,

an d Sec eta i e r r ou ted t 1 03

s o

yet m
ra , n o .

Th e ch g h ve occu ed ece tly i

an es a oe rr r n n a r

rapi d succe s io f wi thi the l t eigh t yea the e h ve

s n, or n as rs r a

bee fou ge e al cha ge f the Bo d with th t f the

n n r n s o ar a O

Gove m
r

e t d the e have bee fi Fi t Lo d wi th

thi ty fou cha ge i all of m em
rn n , an r n ve rs r s,

r -
r be f the Board a d
n s n rs o n

Sec et i e
r ar s .

Suppo e it hould h appe by the ch o ic egl ect f

s s n, r n n o
 THE ADMIRALTY . 35

om e im p ta t ele e t f val t e gth th at e iou m

ity o ccu ed who f th e 1 03 ge tlem
s or

clm
n n o na s r n , a s r s

e who hav
anagem
a a

h ed i the m
rr , o n n e

s ar n e t f val ffai woul d be held o na

O it m
n a rs

r e po i bl e be ked w hi ch f the m y
f Ad m
s ns a r a
y s , o .
an

B oa d r s o i al ty whi ch h ve quickly cceeded

r a so su

e ch othe i fli ? The c u t y ou ed t the

tou di g f ct th t the ight mf h defe ce i
a r n o ce o n r , ar s o

as

im
n n a a r ar o er n n

w hi ch h h d s eplicitly t ted w otwith t di g

a so rus ,
as n s an n a

bou dl e expe ditu e i ve y c itic l co di tio would

n ss n r ,
n a r r a n n,

ut u dde d t th t p cti c l i e po i bil i ty wh i ch

p ev il u de o di y ci cum
a s
p o n en a ra a rr s ns

r a s n t ce
r r The e n ar be r s an s . r ca n no

do ubt th t the b u t f public i dig tio woul d f ll

a r n o n na n a on

the ctu l occup t f fli b t with i gul i j u ti ce ;

a a an s o o ce , u s n ar n s

fo r, with e pect to a y deep e ted d lo g exi ti g s

deficie cy they woul d be le to bl m

r s n s a an n n

n , e th thei p ed ss a an r r e

ce sso rs, who h ve t o ly held b t h ve quitted office

a no n ,
u a ,

with full expe ie ce f the w t f o g i tio f u

e ou ce d f th e evil f u y tem d yet eithe
r n o an o r an sa n o o r

r s r s an o s o o r s s ,
an n r

i office ut f Office h ve e de vou ed to p ovi de

edy ; d if each ucce ive Adm
a r r

em
n n or o o , a n

i l ty fi d i ra n s

c e i g diffi ul ti a d val ffai appe to be m

a r an s ss n

r as n c e s, n oe na a rs ar r

a d m
n o e i efficie tly co ducted it i t ece ily th t
r n n n s no n ssar a

tho e who e m
,

i fo tu e i t i to be c lled t thei d o r a

m m
s s s r n s a

i i t ti o o e i f ul t th tho e wh h ve go e
befo e themb ut it i the owi g t the accum
n s ra n ar e r n a an s o a n

ul ted

d hort com
s ra r n o a

till um
r ,

a d ul ti g defect i g i p s an s -
n s ns e ar

m
n s ace a n

ble f om th t w hi ch h de fe ted the e a e t e ffo t as a rn s r s

d ho e t m
e s s e
a y
m
r

of so a y bl e n a an n s e n.

D 2
36 ADMIRALTT ADMINISTRATION .

That Adm iral ty co isti g of tatesm en u ac

m m
any , ns n s n

i t d w i th i ti e affai s or the ha bits and fe eli g

of seam
u a e
n ar r n s
q ,

e a d of naval fficers p obably all holdi g

n, n o r n

difl e t Opi ions houl d b e abl e in the cour se of a f w

‘

m
er n n , s e

onth te u e of Office ot o l y to a rive t ou d c

’

bu t houl d ucceed in establi hi g a system

s n r , n n r a s n on

e lu io

a firm m
s ns , s s s n on

an d las ting b as i f an i g the vy i ab olute ly

im po ible ; eve Shoul d uch a schem
s or n n na , s s

e be devi ed by
pe fect wi domthe e oul d be o he pe of those wh o o igi
ss n s s

n r

te d it em
r s , r c

ai i g lo g e ough i Office to car y it ut

them
na r n n n n n r o

elve a d we k ow too well by d expe ie ce how

com pletely the m anagem e t f th e avy e em
s s, n n sa r n

ble a e pe n o n r s s r

o f sa d d h ow littl e ea ch ucceedi g Boar d is di po ed

to take up and co tin u e the m
n ,
an s n s s

easur of their p ede

n es r

whole pla of aval adm in ist tio m

ce sso rs .

Th e anife sts uch

an am
n n ra n s

ou t of b u di ty th t if pe ve e i ge uity we e
o t i efficie t po ible y tem
a

ployed to ugge t the m

s r rs

em
n a a r n n r

magi g a navy it m
s s s n n ss s s

for an ight fai ly be defied to p o

n , r r

duce ythi g wo e
howeve that have bee ta ted m
an n rs .

M a y objecti o
n ns

be co ide ed of a theo etical atu e a d as y tem

r a
y n s

ns r r n r , n s s s

perfect in theo y a ve y apt eve thele to b eak dow

r re r n r ss r n

i p actice the othe h d thi g whi ch theo

ot be f a m om
n r o O , s n r an n s

ti cally co ide ed c e t defe ded r

yet om etim
re ns r ann or n n ,
a e

s e atte ded by a certai degree of p actical

s n n r

ucces

Th us a y state ment of theo etical defe cts in our sy tem

s s .

n r s
 THE ADMIRA LTY . 37

v m
o f n a al a d i i trati o will be j u tly co idered as i co n n

e it becom
n s n s ns

e lu ive ; a d he e ece sa y t ascertai it

val ue by practical re ul t a hown by a m
s n nc s n s r o n s

m
ore par ticul
i qui y i to the a ctual co diti o of the m o t im ta t
s s, s s ar

n r n n n s r n

b che of the navy d s t apply to the

ran s ,
an o o

o f the qu e ti onthe in exo bl e l ogic f fact

s ra o s.

0 8
38 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

CHAP . III .

DOCKYARDS AND SH IPS OF WAR .

AS the pri cip l el em e t f whi ch a y co i t

u t be the m
a n v ns s s are

they m
n s o

d e m o t im
n a

hip e po t t
object f all v l dm
s s an s a n, so s s r an

i i t ti o
na a d the ctu l t te a a s a

e t which com
s o a n s ra n , an

d co ditio of the e el em n po e
s vy s a na

m u t the efo e affo d the m

an n n s

o t co clu ive te t f the o

m e i t f the exi ti g y tem

s r r r s n s s

Th F e ch axi om Nothi g i extem

r s o s n s s .

e r n po i ed t
,
n s r s a se a,

i u qu e tio bly t ue
s n s d
na the hip with the othe
r an so S s, r

ap pli ce which would be equi ed i w m

an s u t be buil t r r n ar, s

an d p ep ed du i g pe ce i
r ar e di e t p otect d
r n a n r a n ss o r an

mi t i u i te e t
,

The com
a n a n o r n r s s .

l ai t th t hi p e wo u t w i tho u t e e s ar rn o

i i othe wo d to l m
n a s v r
p
h vi g bee t
a n n a se a, e t th t we
s n r r s a n a

h ve h d fo ty ye f pe ce the l o g co ti u ce f
which m
a a r ars o a ,
n n n an o

be f i ly a tt i b ted i a re t deg ee
a to the
po e io of effective m
y u
g r n a r a r

n e f defe ce l w y it be t an s o

ecu ity It woul d be m uch m

ss ss n a a s s s

o e e o ble t com
,

s r . pl i r r as n a o a n

th t o e hou e h d eve bee bu t dow

a n
’
s s a n th t r n rn n, o r a on e

w till live afte h vi g p i d fi

a life au ce f r
my ye f i the e c e the c ta t ophe f fi o
as s r n a re or as s ra n o

an ars, or n s as s a s r o re r

Of de th c a ot be p eve ted by the p ec utio

an n r n r a n.

Th e posi ti o of E gl d t e a i defe ive to a f

n n an a s s ns ar
 OK
D C YA RDS AND SHIPS OF WAR . 39

e te deg ee tha tha t f any othe cou t y f h

m
r a
g
ta d al o e i the m
r r n o r n r , or s e

s n s a
g i t ude
n f the Obje
n ct h u t be n o s s e s

e dy to defe d i ll qu te f the globe d a th

F e ch Com m
r a n n a ar rs o , an s e

r n i s io ob e ve E gla d i vul erabl e eve y

s n s r s, n n s n r

whe e r .

Sh h de i e to exte d h po e io b ut h i
dete m
e as n o

i ed t p otect them d thou gh

s r n er ss ss n s, s e s

xiou to
m e olved to m m
r n o r an an s re

ai t peace if po ibl e h i ai t i pl e
m
n a ss , s e s r s n a n a

e f p ovidi g f thei ecu i ty Th t uch i the

will f the tio h as bee p ove d by m
ans o r n or r s r . a s s

o na any ncri fice d n r sa s, an

s uppo i g it t be fulfill ed
s n d th t we po e ed ll th t
o , an a ss ss a a

is ece y f the pu po e f elf p e e v tio o fu t he

effo t woul d b e equi ed f u de uch ci cum
n ssar or r s o s -
r s r a n, n r r

ta ce
it eve c ul d be u policy i tim
r s r r , or n r s r s n s

n r o e f p ofou d peace
o r n s o r n ,

t i ve t
o n w e gi e n t t ike ut w p i ciple f
ne n n s or o s r o ne r n s o

w a the o ly effect
r, f whi ch woul d be to dd l gely to
n o a ar

our e Xp e n di tur e .

Butthe othe h d if othe v l powe devote

them
on r an , r na a rs

elve to the i c e e f thei vie d t ai eve y

by w i t um
s s n r as o r na s, a n s r n r

e ve to Obtai advan t ge t
n r n e t a s a se a ne ns r n s

of w ably co ce ived a d e e
ar, eti c ll y b o
n ught i t n a
g n r r n o

exi t ce E gl d i com
s en , pelled by the e e ti l co di
n an s ss n a n

ti o f h po itio to upply he elf

ns o er s pidly h n, s rs as r a as er

n eighbou with the e w w li ke e gi

rs s ne ar n n es .

H vi g ega d t the g e t i te e ts taked o h e

r o r a n r s s

em
a n r n r

nav l p ai e ce h ca ot all ow a y othe powe to

re -
n n ,
s e nn n r r

Obtai superi o i ty at without i ki g the exi t ce

f tho e i te e t the com
n a r se a r s n s en

of t le t a pa t
a as bi atio of
r o s n r s s, n n

w hich co ti tute h g e t
nse s er r a n ss .

D 4
40 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

Th e E mpe o the Fre ch e xp essed his surp i e a d

r r of

ppo tmt
n r r s n

di a i
s at ur feebl e ope a ti o
n en i the Bal ti c t
o r ns n , o

whi ch he att ibuted the p olo g tio f the w t r r n a n o ar o a

seco d ye a d h ad we bee dul y p ep ed wi th th

f m e f w a e h om
n ar, n n r ar e

cl as s o ll ve el (whi ch i
s a ss s n cas o r n ar e,

woul d h ve bee ece y to the defe ce f u w

ho e ) p ob bly the c m
a n n ssar n o o r o n

s r s ,
p i g f 1 8 5 4 woul d h v
r a a a n o a e

p oduced pe ce otwith t di g u di a te i the n s an n o r s s rs n

C im
r a ,

r e a .

Si Ch l e N pi e howeve i 1 8 5 4 h d t
ar s a r, r, n a no o ne

m
r ,

g u bo
n t-
w i th hia fleet h d he o ts v el , n or a o ne r ar e ss .

Si Rich d Du d i th eco d ye f thi w

eightee gu bo t a d a doze m
r ar n as , n e s n ar o s ar,

h d but ixtee
a s n or otr n n -
a s, n n r a

ve el
um
ss s .

It w t till 1 8 5 5 th t a uffici e t be f the e s

ve el w com m
as no a n n r o s

e c d ; d fte th w wa ove
as n e an a

d f 1 5 0 we e t ium
ss s r e ar s r

up w ar s o ph tly p ded i 1 8 5 6 i r r an ara n , n

p oof f u bou dle e ource Our re ou c ar

r o o r n ss r s s . s r es e

bo dl e b t if they
un s s, o l y ll d i to exi te ce whe
u ar e n ca e n s n n

i t i t l t the expo u e f the w t f i gou d fo e

ight i b i gi g th m
r o

o e dam
a e, s an o

i to actio i far m
s oo v r an r

s n r n n gi g
e n n s r a n ,

th di
a n an
y p l y f l te t powes abe the eve
o e d a n r can r rs , an

o l y e cou g e ho til e pecul tio fou ded the beli ef

n n ra s s s a ns n on ,

th t i E gl d othi g i o g i ed
a n n an d the fact
n n s r an s
”
an on

be extem
, ,

th t t a oth i g
a se a n po i ed n can r s .
”

h ad c o m
mde an d the 15 0 ve sel
s s us ele ly paraded
ss afte r
 DOCEYA RDS AND S IPS OF H WAR . 41

p e a c e w as co cl uded h ow dif fe e n t wo ul d h ve b ee,

the r n a n

hi to y of the Rus ia war e pecially h ow diffe e t th

s r s n , s r n e

po i ti o E gla d woul d have occupied i the eye f th

wo l d t it term i ati o ! The Ru ia m
s n n n n s o e

r a s easur es of de
n n ss n

fe ce we t
n
p i p n u w i th o
on urs fo a
ar tta ck d wh
ass a t r ,
an

on l y ufficed to dest oy the docky d of S

s bu g i 1 8 5 5
r ar ve a r n

i 1 8 5 4 woul d p ob bly h ve p odu ced f

n r
g e te ae a r ar r a r r

s ul t eTh t gun bo t we e i di pe able to ucce ful

. a -
a s r n s ns s ss

pe atio i the B l ti c w pe fectly well k own d

the Adm i al ty in the autumo f 1 8 5 3 by
o r ns n a as r n , an

w u ged
well as by m
as r on r n

Si C N pie any othe office d i ce

coul d t be com m
r . a r , as r rs , an s n

a ctive ope ati o e ced till M y the

uffici e t tim
r ns no n a , re

w as s e to have p epared a consi de abl e force

n r r

by the th e the Bal tic was ope n .

The e ve els we e built fo pecial purpose and if it

s ss r r a s ,

h d bee certai n they woul d ll

a t i th ee yea s it woul d

h ve bee wi e to build th emh d they o l y bee buil t

n a ro n r r ,

tim
a

e to p oduce om
n s , a n n

i e e ul t worthy f what w
e xpected f om the fi t val powe ; but the m eans cam
n r s r s o as

r rs e na r

s l owly h al ti g afte the occa i o a d we h ave n othi g to

n r s n, n n

l ook b ck upo b ut eg et upo egrets

The foll ow the hi to y f hauli g them
a n r r n r .

n s up t g eat
s r o n a a r

c o t withi hu d ed y ds f the b ut with pe ve e

i ge uity i a pl ce whe ce it equi ed m
s n a n r ar o se a, a r rs

o th t l u ch
themg i ; they em
n n n a n r r n s o a n
,

ai ed i this re ditio f r tw
t the co t of thou an ds m o e the m
a a n r n n n n o o

ye u til ea s f r

m
ars, n a s s n o

e tt i the aflo t was at l e gth p o i de d The i d f

tive co ditio appe to h ve ul ted f om
a n r v r e ec
g g n .

th ece ity
of the case caused by the im
n n ars a r es r e n ss

,
po ibility of getti g ss n se a
42 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATI N O .

so n e d tim be r a d by thei has ty co t ucti o

, n xp o e d t r ns r n e s o

th e weathe r whi ch was al void bl e ; b ut thi ul t

woul d occasio com

u so na a s re s

pa atively littl cau e f eg et h ad

n

i ti m
r e s or r r

war whi ch call ed the m

,

th e y b ut b e e f th
e n n or e

i to exis te ce
From mm o f the Fr e ch C m
n n .

th e e t th e Repo t

m i io e rs we e p e e te d the Gove m
o n r s n o

e t p oce ded
with th utm o t e e gy to ful fil d i om
ss n r r s n , rn n r e

e c e to
exceed thei ecom m
e s n r an n s as s

e d tio Al l thi w goi g

lm
r r n a ns . s as n on

a o t u k ow to u u til the i ugu tio f Che bou g

s n n n s, n na ra n o r r

i 1 8 5 8 ppea ed to take eve y o by u p i e though

the fullest i fo m
n a r r ne s r rs ,

a tio w a befo e u i th E quét P

‘

lem e ta i e r ecom m
n r n s r s n e n e ar

e di g i th t o ge t l guage th
u ge t ece ity f com pl eti g it im m
n r , n n n e s r n s an e

r n n ss edi tely b olutely

o n a , as a s

i di p e
n sbl e t pl ce F a ce i p ope po itio i case f
ns a o a r n n a r r s n n o

a wa with E gl d Che bour g was poke of the eye

to w tch a d the a m
r n an . r s n as

to trike E gl d i the wo d f ”

th e Fi t N pol eo ; a d it was p opo e d by the Com

a n r s n an n r s o

m
, ,

i
io to com
rs a n n r s s

s n plete it i ix ye i te d of ixty whi ch t the n s ars , ns a s a

rate f outla y d p og e p io to 1 8 5 2 it woul d h ve

occupied Acco di gly it w com
O an r r ss r r , a

plete d i 1 8 5 8 d
in augur te d i the p e e ce f a l ge um
. r n , as n , an

ber f ou
l egi la to s a d t te m
a n r s n o ar n o r

en wh o appe ed to be qui te t ke s ar

b ck t the pectacle It i to be em
s a

em
s r n , a n

a a a s be ed t . s r r ,
no

o l y th t we h d before u the publi hed Repo t f

th Com mi io ur gi g the im m
n a a s s r s o

edi te a d e e geti c co
f the e m
e ss n n a n n r n

e lu io ighty wo k b ut that thi te fol d s

incr ease of the e ff rt a d the outl y em

s n o s r s, n

ployed i thei
m
o s, n a n r

e xe u
c ti o h a d bee g
noi g for ix ye a o l yn ix ty il e n on s rs, n s s
 K
DOC YA RDS AND S H IPS OF WA R . 43

fr m
o our ow shore without se e m n i g to attract s, y n an

atte tio i E gl d
n n n n an .

Th e e g eat p eparati o s thu fo ced upo the publi c

otice c eated m
s r r n , s r n

n , uch
r n xi ety i the cou try as to u a n n o r

ow naval p ep
n tio f the unob erved g owth of
r ara ns, or s r

thi s
g e t e a
r al cl o e
ars nt o ur o w ho h a
so d s o n s res

ece il y ve y ta tli g effect d tow d the d

f the ye the T e u y ppoi ted a com m
n ssar a r s r n , an ar s en

o ar r as rittee t i qui e a n o n r

i to the co di ti o f the vy eve l ubject whi ch

o t im
n n o na on s ra

we e i f ct the pecial and m

n s s,

r po ta t dutie of
dm
n a s s r n s

av l i i t ati o
The Com m
n a a n s r n .

ittee wa ppoi t d by Lo d De by i th e
foll owi g m
s a n e r r n

i u ten n

M INUTE, l st De ce m
b e r, 18 5 8 .

THE a tte n ti on of th e Ca b i n e t h as b e e n d ra wn to th e v e ry

se ri o us i n cre ase which h as take n p lace of l ate yea rs in th e Navy

Esti m a te s, wh i l e , a t th e sa e ti mm
e , it i s re r e s e n te d th at th e
p
n a va l for ce of th e co un try i s far i n fe ri or to wh a t i t o ugh t to b e
wi th r e fe re n ce to th a t o f oth e r w r s, an d e s e c ia l l f F ra n ce ;
m
p o e p y o

a nd th a t i n cre s e d e fforts an d i n cre as e d e xp e n di ture are i

a
m
p e ra

tive ly cal l e dfo r to p lace it on a p rop e r footi n g Wh ate ve r ay

m m
.

be e ss e n ti a l to th e ai n te n an ce of th e n a va l s up re acy o f th e

co un try m b u st s e cur e d m
a tte r o f m o un t n e ce ss ity

m m
e as a. p ara ;
and th e a o un t of force re qui site for th at p urp ose u st b e

d e ci de d th e re sp onsi b il ity o f th e Cab in e t, a n d ca nn ot b e de le

m
on

gate d to a n y oth e r a uth ority. B ut in as u ch as fina n cial co n

Re port of Co m
mi tte e ap oi n te d b y th e Tr easury to in quir e i n to
m m m
a. p
th e Navy Es ti a te s , fro 1 8 52 to 1 8 5 8 , a n d i n to th e co pa ra tiv e
s ta te of th e N E
av i es of l an d an d Fran ce (O d d t b r in te d b

mm
n
g . r er e o e p y
th e House of Co on s , A pr il 4,
 44 A DM IRALTY ADMINISTRATION.

side ra tions can n ot be o ve rl oo ke d, th e Cab ine t h ave th ough t i t

d esir ab l e th at stri ct m i n ation sh oul d be m ad e i nto th e
m
a e xa

co pa ra ti v e e xp e n di tu re o f th e years 1 8 5 2 5 3 an d 1 8 5 3 5 4 , a n d
- -

of th e prese n t yea r, with a vi e w Of p l aci ng ful ly b e fo re th e

Cabin e t al l th e ca us es whi ch h ave con trib ute d to th e l arge
i n cre ase whi ch ha s ta ke n pla ce , an d wh i ch app e a r to th r ea te n a
furth e r i n crease for th e futur e So e o f th es e cause s a re pl ain m
m q
.

an d ob vi ous
b t t h i f i i wh th i h
m
; u e re s r oo or n u ry e e r, n e a c

cas e , th e y h a ve b e e n s ufi ci e n t to j us ti fy th e a oun t o f in cre ase

wh ich th e y h a ve re sp ecti ve ly in v ol ve d Th is is a que sti on of .

d e tail whi ch onl y be sa ti sfactori ly answe r e d by a cl ose an d

m mi f
ca n

i n ute in at accoun ts ; an d th e Cabin e t are of op ini on

mi m m
e xa on O

th at s uch a n e xa i n at on ough t to b e e n tru ste d to a s all co

m
i tte e com p ose d of ge n tl e m en of ackn owl e d ge d ab il i ty, an d

racti ca lly con ve rsan t wi th fin an ce an d with na val accoun ts .

m
p
Th e y h a ve th e re fore que ste d M r Ha il ton , th e Se cre tary of
m
, , re .

th e Treas ury ; M r Corry, Se cre ta ry of th e Ad iral ty ; Sir

m
.

Ri ch ard B ro l e y, A ccoun ta n t- G e n e ra l o f th e Na vy; a n d

M r An de rson , Ch i e f Cl e rk i n th e Treasury , to u n d e rtak e th e
m m
.

tas k . Th e se ge n tl e en, h a vi n g a cce pte d th e duty, wil l e e t at

Exch e qu e r s h ous e i n Downi n g-stre e t,

’
th e Ch ance ll or of th e an d

wi l l p rose c ute , with as l i ttl e de l ay as possi b l e , th e i n v e stigati on

co n fid e d to th e d m t t th T t h l t f th i
mb
, an r e p o r o e reas ury e r e su s o e r

i n quiri e s, wi th an y sugge sti on s wh ich th e y desi rous of

m
ay e

a ki n g.

It is un n e ce ssary to ob se rve th at th e duty whi ch th e y h a v e

u n de rtake n is of a hi gh ly co n fide n ti al ch ara cte r , th at i t i s
m
n ot

to i n ve st th e m with for al ch aracte r, an d th at

m
m
n e ce ssary an y

th e y p osse ss n o a uth ori t for on in g witn ess e s, qui ri n g

ml
su
y or r e

th e p roducti on of b ut th e B oar d of Ad ir a ty will p ut

m m
'

mf
e s
p p
a r ;
th e r e e ly
in p osse ssi on of such docu e n ts as a f ci li t t
y a a e

th e ir i n quiri es ; an d i t can n ot b e doubte d th at th e fi o f ce r s o f th e

vari ous d e p art m e n ts will b e re ad t i th m m in for a ti o n

m
C m
y o g ve e an y

t
i n h e ir p owe r . It is ve ry d esirab l e th at th e o i tte e sh oul d
 DOCKYA RDS AND S IPS OF H WAR . 45

con fer fre e ly with

with Si r B al dwi n
se ve ral

Wal ke r
of th e se O
th e Surv e yor
m e e rs, an d

of th e
m ore e sp e ciall y

Navy, wh ose
,

op i n i on , with re
gard to on e , e sp e cial l
y, of th e p rin cipal sub e cts j
of i n quiry, i s e n ti tl e d to e v e ry re sp e ct.

Th e Co m
m i tte e wil l n ot fail to e xa mmine in ute ly in t o th e
e xp e n di tur e in th e d ockyards, an d th e ad e q uacy, or oth e r wise , Of

th e l ab ou r giv e n i n r e turn for th e l arge m dd ; an d as

m
su s e xpe n e

on e Of th e ai n cause s assi gn e d for r os

p e cti e in cre as e i s th e
m
a p v

r ativ e state o f a ti on o f F ran ce , in re sp e ct of p o we rful

m d
co p a p p
r e ar

scre w -s tea e rs, an th e e xp e n di ture whi ch h as ta ke n p lace , an d

ll g
i s sti h o in in d ockyards, it woul d b e v e ry de sirab l e
C m m
on ,

m
g er

th at th e i tte e sh oul d in ve stiga te , i f th e y h ave th e

mi m
o e an s

of do in g so, th e re ce n t e x e n di tur e of
p th e E p re , as co p ar e d
wi th o ur own , on d ockyard works, in cl udin g th e co n stru cti on a n d

mm
ar a e n t Of sh ip s Of war, an d re p ort th e re su lt a t whi ch th e y
F
arri ve . th i s p urp o se , th e y will b e furn i sh e d by th e Earl of

M lmb m
or

i n th e str i cte st con fid e n ce , wi th such in for a ti on

mh
a es ury,

H M j a e sty s
’
d
G ov e rn d i ent b l a v e r e ce i ve t is o ssi

mm h C m m my h m b p
as er p ; an e

th at b e rs Ofi t tte e t se l v e s in osse ssi on

mm m
e e o a e e

o f so e l i i
a te ri a s g for n st tuti n a co p a r i son .

As t h q i in i fid
is i l h i i
of a str ctl y con ent a c ara cte r, t s n ot

m m m
u ry

m
e

th ou h t h h C to w h f l t i tte e it
h m Obj
n e ce ssar a er e o an y or a or
g y p
recis e i Th y will d
n str ucti on s. d h e rsta n t at t ai n e ct

dm d il d i f m
e un e
p
of th e C bi a b i
net h f ll
i s to o ta n t e u e st an ost e ta e n or a

ti on h
to t h i
e ca use s of d di bt h ture ; ut t at th e y
m Cm m y
p e n cre ase ex en
a s

wi ll b h ppy i to fro th e i tte e sugge sti on s

m bl m O
e a re ce v e o an

wh i c h h t k l dg
e ir d
n ow e e an e xp e ri e n ce ay e n a e th e to ffe r,
e fl e cti n g r e d ucti on o f e xp e n d i tur e in b ran ch ,
’

e ith e r for
m
an y on

th e h an d, th e oth e r, for i ro vi n g th e con di ti on an d

on e or, on p
e ffici e n cy of our na v al force .

D
m
.

l st D e ce b er ,

Th e fin an ial in c qui y i to the Naval E tim ate a d Ex

from1 8 5 2 to 1 8 5 8 m
r n s s n

p e n di tur e i ght pe h p be co i de ed , r a s ns r
 46 ADMIRA LTY ADMINISTRATION .

tm
l e gi i
ate ubj e ct of i e tigati o f r a Com m i ttee f
a th e com
a s nv s n o o

th T ea u y ; b ut u ch qu tio
e r s r p tive fo ce
s es ns s ar a r

of the vie of F ce a d E gla d ? whethe the l bou

na s r an n n n r a r

i the dockyard i eq uival e t or ot to the xp di

d h ow to im
n s s n n e en

tu e ? rov e th e co diti o a d fi i i
ot b e ep at d f om
r an e cy n n n e c
p n

of u naval fo ce ? ca
o r r th e peci l nn s ar e r s a

cha ge f the C m m i io f executi g the office f or

d m
r o o ss n n o

L d High Adm i l tte bou d up with the

g ve t e po ibilitie f th t Com m
or ra , an a rs so n

i s io c ot be
rem i e po ibl e Com m
ra s r s ns s o a s n, an n

i tted t ittee t the T ea u y

wi thout putti g s ide the Adm
o an rr s ns a r s r

i l ty d pp e tl y co
d m dm i com
n a ra , an a ar n n

i g it i i t tio pete t Whateve

m
e n n s a n s ra as n

otive m
n n . r

ay h ve i du ced L d De by t p o ecute the

m
s a n or r o r s se

i qui ie by T e u y Com i ttee doubt coul d exi t

i hi m
n r s a r as r ,
no s

i d fte the epo t w p e e ted to the i f

fici cy f Adm
n s n a r as as ne

i al ty Adm
r r r s n ,

i i t tio
The Com i ttee i i t Repo t afte t ti g te m
en o

m
r n s ra n .

n hip ar s r r s a n s a s s e

now l o e effectiv f p u p o e
a n fw give the follow
e or r s s o ar , s

i g t bl e
n d f ct
a the e ul t f it i qui i e
s an a s as r s o s n r s

Li ne -o f-B attl e S h i p s .

Engl ish . Fre nch . F re nch .

De ce m
b e r, 18 5 8
Scre w 1 7 Scre w 15
29 29
lP addl e 9
26
Paddl e 19
Re ce iving Engines 4 2
7
B uil ding 10 5

50 40

Iron -pla te d Sh ips Buil din g 4

 OK
D C YARDS A ND S H IPS OF WAR . 47

m m tha t Engla n d
mmf m
It wi ll be se e n fro th e fore goin g state e n t,

and F r a n ce ha ve at resen t p r ecise ly the ber steer

m m
sa e nu /
p 0

li f ba ttle ship s l t th at F ran ce h as e igh t

m ml i
-

m
ne O - ore
co p e e ;
ste a -fri t l e te th a t, th e e t on of th e sh i ps

ml
ga e s co p ; on co p
n ow i n progre ss, En glan d wi ll h ave te n ste a i f b attle
m mg
-

m
ne O -

sh i s pore th an F ran ce , a n d F ran ce twe v e ste a l - rfi ate s or e

th a n En gla n d ; an d i t i s to be ob se r ve d, with re fe re n ce to th e
”
lin e -of-b attl e sh ip s b uil din g, th at th e five F re n ch in
m m w m
a re a

uch ore for ard state , a n d r e p rese n t ore work a ctua l ly

e xe cu te d th an th e te n Engl ish th e quan tity of work e xe cute d

mb
:

th e for e in g
fif th s ; wh e re as, th e te n b u il din g i n
m
on er on

E glan d, it i s
n on ly a fracti on or e th a n 2 7 tbs .
5 It i s, h o we ve r,
to b e Ob se rv e d, th a t of th e te n Englis h sh i ps buil din g, th ree are

th re e - d ecke rs, of wh i ch class th e F re n ch ar e n ot b uil din g a n y.

F r a n ce wi ll a ls o ha ve fo ur i -
r on s ided s hi s
p , wi th en gi n es o f
8 00 or 9 00 hor e p ower .
m
s -

It i s sta ted , tha t th ese i r f si ded ship s , 0 which tw o

m m
are

or e tha n ha lf co p le ted wi ll be s ubs ti tu ted for bin e -of ba ttle

m
-
,

ship s ; thei r ti bers a r e of the sca n tli ng of a thr ee -d eche r ;

they a e t
r o ha ve thi r ty
-s i x h ea vy gu n s o s t of th e rifl ed , m m
5 0 p ou n d er s , whi ch wi ll
- thr o w an 8 0 lb . ho l low p er cussio n
s ho t ; they wil l be cas e d wi th i ron ; a nd so con vi n ced do n a va l

m m to be i n F r a nc e f the i r resis ti ble qu a li ties f thes e

m
e n se e 0 o

s h ip s , th a t th ey a re 0 f op i n i on th a t no or e ship s 0f the li n e
wi ll be la id down , a nd tha t i n ten yea r s tha t cla s s f vesse ls

m
0

wi ll ha ve beco e Obso le te .

In a ddi ti on to th e fifty ste a ml in e -of-battl e sh ip s

(En gl i sh
)
ab o ve e nu m e ra te d as b uil t,
”
bu il di n g,
”
an d con v e rti n g,
”

th e re si x sai l in g l i n e -of-battl e shi p s d to be

m
are p p
r o o se con

v e rte d in to ste a h ip s
m
-s .

Th e se si x would rai se th e b of Engl ish scr ew-sh i s of

m
nu er
p
th e l i n e to fi ty si x ;
f an d if th e esti a te s for a rti fice r s, a n d th e
m
-

r ch ase f hi b i l di t i l d b th S
m
u p
- u a e r
p o s n
g a s, as p p
ro o se y e ur ve y or

to th e Navy, b e asse nte d to, the wh ol e co ul d be co p l e te d by

th e ye ar 1 8 6 1
 nocs m s ns AND s m rs OF WAR . 49

m
Nu be r . T o tal . G un s. Tom ,

EN GLISH :
Line -o f-B attl e Sh ips :
A fl oa t 33 3 08 9 l 7 550
50 f 4 7 35
Buil ding, & c . 17

A fl oat 28 99 3 1 5 090
34 1 2 39
B uil di ng, & c . 6 256

Total L in e -o f-Ba ttl e

84
Sh ips an d F rigate s

Lin e -of-B attl e Sh ip :

A fl oa t
B uil ding, & c .

A fl oat

otal Lin e -of-Ba ttl e

S h i ps a n d F ri gate s

In add iti o n,

F ran ce h as four iron -side d sh ips buil ding, to ca rry th irty -si x guns e ach ,
w i th 8 00 or 900 h orse -po we r .

m
En gl and h as n in e bl ock-sh ips afl oat, e ach carryi n g sixty gun s, w ith
fro 200 to 450 h orse -pow e r .

As th e F r e n ch C mi
m iss b rv su
pp sin g a l ar g
mi
o on o se e s, o e

e r cal e ri o ri t yt o e xi st on o ur si d i t w o ul d be
d by th m
nu su e,

m
p
th a n co un te r b ultitu d f bj t t
alan ce

g i t p ibl atta k mg t whi h u f

o re e e o o ec s o

d d
e fe n

di id d It will b mm
a a ns o ss e c s, a on s c o r o r ce s

m ust be b d du i g th w e re e e re

m m d i 1 7 9 3 th t wh v u fl t mt
v e .
, r n e ar

whi ch co e n ce n , a e ne er o r ee s e

E
 50 A DMIRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

th e su e riori y
t m
b
o f nu was th e si d e of F ra n ce , an d

yC m
p e rs on

ye t th e Tre a sur m o i tte e sh o ws us th a t we h ad th e n

1 4 5 sh ips of th e l in e , w hil e F h a d but 7 7
mR
r a n ce .

On th e o th e r h an d th e rt sh o w s th at i n 1 8 5 8

mhip
,
sa e e
p o

th e fo r ce s of th e tw o co un tri e s in ste a of th e lin e

m
s s

rea dy f o r se r vi
qu l whil Fce w as e a , e ran ce h ad 3 4 ste a

f ig t d E gl d ly 2 6 !
m xt t d w h v d m
Cm
r a e s , an n an on

One Th e i tte e

m
o re e rac an e a e o ne o

m
.
,

‘ gi v e s a n o th e r co i th a t of th e e rch an t sh ip i g
m
p ar so n , p n

an d sea e n of th e tw o co un tri e s

F ra nce . Engl an d .

Ve sse l s Ve sse l s
T on n a ge T o n n a ge
Sea m en Se a m en

g d
En la n i s state dt o e m
pl y i o , n th e Ch a nn e l Il d
'

s an s an d

o th e r Bri tish p o ss e ssi o n s, in a ddi ti on to th e abv o e

Ve sse l s
T o nn age
Se a m en

We ha v e h e r e th e r e la t iv e na vl force of Engl an d an d

m m i 1
a

F in 1 7 9 3, a inst th e i 858
m h
r an c e a
g
m
sa e co ar
p so n n .

Th e r e turn s of th e e rcan til e arin e o f t tw o c ou n trie s

m m di d
e

sh ow o ur e n or ous su e ri o r i y i
t n ci e nt

md d md
p n sea

m m ill
e n , an

ally gi i e a of th e w
mk p
ve so e e an s o ur co e r ce

a e u on th e fl eet fo r d e fe n ce k g Ta in o ur re so ur ce s

m
.

tu lly v aila bl n o th in g k f b y h or ci l t

mlv
ac a a e, ca n

m ml ly j i y h
p s ea or e an

th efigu re s th e se e te ust f t e

m
e s, or

Cm
ore co
p
r e fe r e n ce o f n a al v su bj e cts to ai h T o tte e at t e re a
 DOCKYA RDs A ND ss rrs or WAR . 51

sur y but it i s isi n th t su ch f f th sta te o f

m
sur

m
md
, pr
g a
p ro o s o e

th e n ati on al d e fe n ce did n ot pro du th e i i ate re fo r

y t mf av l adm
ce e

of th e s i i t n s rati o n

Th e R p t f th C m
s e o n a

m
.

i tt
e or o e o ee w as followe d by a grea t
e fl or t, an d
'

in th e course of 1 8 5 9 twe n t yo -
ne scre w shi -
p s

of th e dd d t th fl t b ut wh th
li n e w ere th is

um
a e o e ee ,
e er

n b i d u fl t to it d
e r ra se
p p ti iot i rw ee s ue re or on s no

sca c ly y to i qui f Lo ui N p l i
’
r e n e ce ssar n re , or s a o eo n s n ve n

ti on ofi d hip h l dy f d u t d pt
ro n cas e -
s s as a r e a o rce s o a o a

ne w typ fv l d bid f i t up
e o d hip f th
e sse ,
an s a r o s e rse e s s o e

li neal toge th t l a t i th w e r, a e s n e n arr o se as .

F a will h ve ix i
r n ce d frig t with 2 00a s ron cas e-
a e s, or

3 00 gu ad y l b f th w b il di g
m
ns , re u can

m
g on e o re ose e are n

b e fit for se a .Th e p ape rs in fo r us th at th eE pe ro r is

foll owin g o ut th e pri n ci le w i th gre at e a e rn e ss , an d h as

m
p g
b fo r in cre as in g h is fré g ate s bli dé to

m
un e asu r e s
e
g n es

n in e te e n . Th e i po r ta n ce of th e se new s h ips h as not

y et b geen e n e r all y a
pp r e cia te d , b ut it is of a n a tu re it
wo ul d b diffi cul t to gg e ra te

m mm di v
e exa .

Fro th e o e nt sco e ri e s in gun n e r e n a le a y b d

shi d d
to fir e b ro a si o f sh e lls , it was appare n t th at
m m
a e
p
mld utua e stru ctio n ust al o st v by
in e ita l atte n d
m
an e n

b d ent e tw e e n wo o e n sh ip s o f qu l f a orce , an d th e

b m v h b
e e
g g
a

r e at le to sol h o w to re sist th ese te rri l e b

m m
e as e en
g pro

i l h F
ssi es h v . T e re n c in e n ti o n h as so l v d th
e e
p ro bl e ;

for sh e lls b re ak
p e rfe ctl yi n n o cu ous l y ag ain st th e s id e s of

th e se iron sh i an d if thi s w e re th e ir sol e di ti n cti o n it

md
s s
p ,
w oul db e e n ou gh to gi v th e a e ci dd e su e r io rit y It
ml
e p .

co nsti tute s ho w v eb ut er a s a l p art of th e ir a dv an tag e s ;

2 2
52 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

fo r whil e th e w o o de n sh ip is woun d d by v y h
e e er s o t or

sh e ll wh ich stri k es h e r fro m dia s ta n ce O f 2 000 y d ar s, th e

ir o n ship , se cure fro sh e ll fire m

cl o se to h e r, i s also Sh ot d
p r o of unl e ss appr o ach e w i th in 4 00 ar s, an d all sh ot d y d
fire d v e en within th at di stan ce gl a n ce o ff, unl e ss th e y
t ik th
iro n plate s di re ctl at a ri h t a n l e y g g
m
s r e e .

It ay b e suppo se d th at sh o t wi ll rar e l strike a shi p y

y d
2 000 ar s Off, b ut o ur th e e d e c e rs are i
r - e n se tar e ts, m m gk
and i mvm e n ts an d y b g md
di scov e rie s ar e h o ur l e in in
m md a y m h
ro e a e
p
th e n e w ar s Of r e cisio n, so h t at in te l o ot

m by d
p o er s

wate r 2 000 y d is by v th e e ffe cti

m
ar s no e an s e on e

ra n g o f an y h
e ne w p o y ld d m
e rfe ctl shi e e hi se lf, can

m d lib
e ,

with th e ut o st e r a tio n y
oin t hi s artill e r h T
y m,
e p . e

diffe re n ce b e twe e n d y
2 000 an 4 00 ar ds is n e arl a il e
at y o in t Of wh ich th e ir o n shi con ti n u e

m
e ve r p p
p re
gna bl e , e x ce
p t w h e re a sh o t hy a e n te r t e p o rts , wh il e
ev y er o ne whi ch strik e s th e w oo de n s h ip ca rrie s wi th i t
h v a o c, co n fu si o n , an d Ofte n se ts her on fir e .

Bu t th e w o o d en sh i
p w e ar e to l d i , s to de stro y her
by
a n tago n ist t t d b w
a co n ce n r a e roa d ids e
”
N o

h ip t b wi th u t m
. a co n

t t d b
ce n ra e d id qui ro a s ti
e re r es a s o

v i mth w te di t
e o o on

t b fi d wi th ff t ;
o e re e ec e en

u t id lim
n s oo a r, a s an ce

f b ut 5 00 y d i th
a i t f i t pp li ti
ar s s

m
o o e o s e O s a ca on

th fi e u t b re v d u til th x t p i t f b i g
s e r e se r e n e e ac o n o e ar n

w hi h ll th gu c a t t d i tt i
e d th n s are co n ce n ra e

mll t ll f th hip will th th w th b d id v

on , s a a ne : e

s a es ro O e s en ro e roa s e o er

th bj t
e Oi t th ec d i t i i t uth
,
or n o l y u ful e se a an s n r on se

wh v y d lib te ly p p d d wh di t d
mv bl bj t
er e

g i t a im
en e ra re are an en re c e
,

a a ns n f c d t pa
o ea e O ec , or on e or e o ss a
 K
DOC YARDS A ND SHIPS OF WAR . 53

p a r ti cul ar s
p o t, as in th e case Of a sh i e n te rin g a n a rro w

m
p
h ar b o ur in th e face o f an e n e y .

But th e Gloz r e is
'

su d to h a v d to th
m
pp o se e sp e e , sa
y e

le as t, e qu al to ost o f o ur l ar e shi d is it pro

li mi l
g p s , an

b bla e sh e will e o t o n e ss , in or d er to le t h e r Oppo

n e n t sl o wl y g e up w ith i n 4 00 5 00 y d vi g
mh
r an or ar s , re se r n

h e r fir e un til th e i ds ip gun an d w ith it th e co n ce n

tr ate d b ro a ds i de , b e ar s u
p on he r an d is d liv d ?
e e re Th e
id i w thy
ea or Of th e a d v i ce to li ttl e by to ca tch bird
m
s o s, s

by putti g lt n sa On th e ir ta ils ; or e es
p e ci al l y as th e s h ip
wh i ch h a s du d suffe re
t t fi whil t v i g
n e r a co ns an re e ra e rs n

th di t f 1 6 00 y d w ul d b i diti littl
m mth mtic l p i
e s an ce O ar s , o e n a co n on e

sui t d t e o a dp d t an oeuvr e e en en On a e a a re c

i
s on f u or s It i by fcce ssth wi t d th f t s ar e se s an e sa e s

— dm
.

c u o t l k th d g
rse o b ldly i th f
oo t e it an er o n e ace o a

th dv t g
e a u u i
an ap h es gi v t o F r s n e n e ss a s en

i th mt
o ran ce ,

w h i h by th w y th
c e xi u d i a t te re s e os an o s e s re n o o

f f i t by ll wi g u
or e y ah o f p fi t i g
n by th e s an c an ce o ro n

ti l x i ca h h b t i d f
e r e n cei t i t u l y e as O a ne or s a r

mk bl i umt th t wh il E gli hm l
p r ac
p e s ,

re ar a e c rc s a n ce , a e n s e n ar e a

l w d t th Fr h d ky d d h ip i g l oc

b v d t x l d th m
o e o se e e enc ar s an s s n e n e ra ,

th t i t t p
e s r c esu ti re ca on s ar e O se r e o e c u e e

mh Gl i
fr o t o re

W m
e .

y b e a p e e r fe ctl y ce rtain th a t th e su bj e ct h as b e en

m f lly o st co ns i d d in al l i ts b e ari n g s on th e o th e r

m
u e re

si d e of th e Ch a n n e l, a n d th a t w e can te ll th e n o th in g
th e yd n ot th o ro u h l g yw e ll k n ow alr e a dy ; b ut th ugh o

m my b
o

e rh a fo un d i n th e co u g d
ra ue an r e so r ce

m
s
e an s a e p p ,

of British se a e n, to s r t u ggl e su cce ss fully g i t a a ns even

R 3
54 ADMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

th is gre a t e l e m mi l
e nt o f a te r a su e rio ri t y still , wi th
m
one

y d md i j
p ,

v o i ce th e co un tr e an s n us ti ce to its sea e n , as to

de a
m h o ur d
i ts o wn r est i nte re s ts , th at no t an o th er sh o ul

b e l o st in tur ng o ur v as t r es o ur ce s to acco un t in p ro

d gi
i in shi fo r ne i th e r iron in th e o re , n or d ra w

Adm
v ro n p ; s

in g fi ron sh i at th e i alty w il l v i e us w i th d
m g
ro
p
m
s O s r
p ,

th e of e e tin th e Gloi r e, an d th e o th e r esse ls v

m
e a ns

of he r class o n te r s o f e quali t y
m
.

It is sai d th e Glo i r e is w e t in a hea vy sea wh e n s te a

in g at full p s ee d , a qu li tya in which sh e re s e m

bl es all

o th e r fast shi ps ; b ut sin ce s h e is o nl yi n te n dd

e for th e
n arro w se as , sh e w oul d ve r y ra r e l yb e o ut in b ad w e ath e r ,
an d co n se
qu e n tl y this fact w o ul d n ot
g r ea tl y
he r v al ue , n e ith e r wo u l d th e lo wn e ss Of th e por ts in fin e

w ea th e r mh an d i h l
s oo t dg d w ate r , n t e e as t re e e tract

m
e

f m
ro h p er h f
o we rs o f is c ie .

If h d
t f ff i
e co n g ll y i
u ct O h p p a i a rsf e n e ra n t e re ara t o n o

o ur fl f hi p fi mh
eet o s m p l s d o
pp t ese e xa e s, oe s n o t a e ar

y h
sa tisfa cto r i d d l y d h i i i b ildi g
t e co n t n ue tat

y im
e a an es on n u n

ill m
,

ir o n sh i
p is st
s di y f h o re e xtrao r n ar , o r at t e v er t e

we vd
re so l e dd to y il f
a hi p f h li
tw e n t -
o n e sa o s s o t e ne to

t h fl e f b k i D m
e e t so ar b 8 8 h F h ac as 1 5 t

m
n ece er e re n c

m
,

h d a l cod h i e te i dt h Gl i
e r ex i h e n ts , t wt
dy m m d!
p p er an

im
e o r e,

t h il hip h d b l
l dm
re e s ar s s, a e e n a re a co e n ce

Th g e i i
e n er a i f d ky d
a h g
n stra t o n O oc ar s , as t e rea t

f i f b il di g
acto r es i i g d q i ppi g h ip
mm
or u n re a n an e u o ur s
, p r ,
n s,

i f h t e ut f o st h i ffi i di i
o rta n c e , t c e n t co n t on

b hm d p d
s o p or o n e e

f h v
t as t e sta li s f m e n ts w ee t

mg i
o e se e en s o ur o e r O
p
i gg
n r eat e f ll y
er d by f h l g
e nc es success u , an ar t e ar e st
 DOCKYA RDS A ND SHIPS or WAR . 55

p art Of m m h i h h l g l pl
th e e n or o us su w t is ature a ce s in
d f h Adm
s c e e

th e h an i l y it e f h p bli t tr us t o r t vic
m
s O u

hi im
ra , n e c se r e,

is exp e n dd e
p d
on
p t s or ta n t e art e nt .

It h as b e e n alre a dy Sh own in vi ch apte r , th at

Adm
o us
a p re

th e i lty ra h as ta k
d t il f d ck i tse lf th e
y d dm
en on e a s o e

i i t
ar a ti d th t th d ky d pl
n s ra o n , an du d
a e oc ar s, ace n er

th t l f th S i S L d by hi ll gu h v
m g d t l v th Su v y littl m th
e co n ro o e e n or ea or s co ea e s, a e

b
m v th d p tmt h i
e e n so an a e as o ea e e r e or e ore an

a no i l up i t d
na s er n en e n ce o er e e ar en e s

d t m I t i t t h t th i w it h i th l t

f w mth h
su p o seo g u
an a e s r e a s n e as
p .
,

e on b p ti lly l x d d th Su v y
s, as een ar a re a e an e r e or

mubj t di t
,

h b n ll we d t giv d up
as ee a o o e or e rs o n so e s ec s re c

to th d ky d b ut th i i d t ly g
m m
e oc ar s s con ce ss o n oe s n o n e ar o

f u gh t i v hi t h t l t u th i ty t i l e e a or e sse n a
ar e n o g o pe a co

t a al i di vi du l ib ili ty hi t t t h
hi d p tmt ;
n re s o ns ar
o re p a
p on s o e

Adm
,

i l ty a d t th u t y f d
m v th f m ul my b ( d i
ra n o e co n r ,
or s e ar en an

er r f h g an n ca se o a c an

dt m w
o reo e r, e or e a e e

f Adm i l ty p b bly w ul d b ) t

P li mt
o ra ro a o e re s o re o -
orr o .

It h b
as t t d ie en s a e d h as n v ar a en ,
an ne er

y te b full y
een w d i th
an s H u t h
e re t u n d k e o se , a o r oc

y d i th w
are t p ibl e co di ti
e o rs t h t t
ossh i n

dm
ar s n ; on a e r

i i t ti i w te ful
on xt v t i f fi i t d
umf fi
s
g as e ra a an

m
a n s ra e, , ne c n , an

full f bu th t il li t li g i

m
o a se s a a s O ve ons s er n s

wh lly u cou t d f d th t th u b li y t

m amu t h b qu d d i th e w t
na c n e p or an a e c o ne o

im
o ;

a n e n se o n as een s an e re n an o n

d u l lt
se e ss ti f h ip buil di g wh
a e ra on o s ly s n en

m
an n e ar

co
p l t d e e

m
.

S h iou c u ti
uc se r t
s a c p l sa d th ons A d i
a l tyo n ce ace e ra

up onit d f ce fos v if th f t h d b
e en ,
r e en v d e ac s a e e n re e rs e ,

R 4
56 A DMIRA LTY A DMINISTRATION .

a nd th e S u v yo h ad b een m
too u ch l e ft to hi m
m
r e r

se lf in th e e xcl usi e v co n tr o l d
Of his art e n t, still

vy m
p e

th e gv e rni n g o w e rs of th e u st h a v b
b m
na e orn e a
o
p
l ar g e sh ar e Of re sp o n si bility d l if b r an ch o f its
m
a

m
an e, a

ad i i n strat o n so i e x ce e di gly i port an t, an d an e xp e n di

m
n

h b h db fo r w ich i t w as an sw e r a le ,
m di
ture so

i d d mg d i
e n or ou s a een

n ee an a e d di di n a ann e r so sas tro us an scre t

bl
Adm md
a e .

But g i l y h d
se e in lf th at th e ra t a itse as su e th e

di h d
r e cti o n o f all h yp di t e e tail s , t e co ur se actuall ursu e s

m mk b d g l y d m
o st r e ar h h b
a le , an si n al e o n str ate s w at as e en

b d f h
e fo r e sai l b f y o
p lt e to ta a se n ce o an se ns e o f e rso n a

m
,

re s
p b ili y d
o ns i g y t un er th e e xis tin s ste .

In all th e db e a te s a n d di scussio n s on th e su bj e ct th e su c

ce ssiv e S i S L d e n or
p ib l
ea t th ori ll u
s , re s
g o ns e o e r co ea es

f th d ky d h v
or e oc v b th ugh t f h vi g
ar

m
s, a e ne er een o O as a n

i di i d u l l ti w i th t h tt b f
v l B d f Adm
an n a
y p v e r so n a co nn e c on e a er e o re

th publi d th i l ty ll h vi g
im y t m p ti g th d ky d d
e c, a n e se e ra o ar s O ra , a a n

i d ut il ar s re s ec e oc ar

f m
ca rr e o a S s e n s, an

wh w i ffi wh th gl i g i t l
dm
o e re n O ce en e se ar n ns an ce s o a

a i i t ti n s ra ll g d t h v t k
on ar e a
p l e h e v t o a e a en ace , a e no

sh ow th n ligh t t e i u
s f
es
p ib ili
co n sc o ty i sn e ss O re s ons n

ti
on ne c wi th th on h g t k e c l y ar

fu ti g th m
c e s, or a en an e ar
y pp o or

tu ity f
n O re n e

l gitim
.

O th n th h d th
e o Su v y wh
er an ,
et r e or , o se e a e

u th i ty h d b
or u a d d w i th t v i i F
li mt (wh
a een o u s
p e rse e a

mt ) w l ft with
, o ce n ar

l th y ul d b

h i d p a tmt u d
a en ,
e re a o n e e co e e as e
, ,

s e r l d
en f bl quy ; f
n er a
p u b li oa O O o or

dm
, c

Opi i n onn ily h ld th f t t b

e ce ssar e i tt d wh e ac s o e a e , en
 Docv RDs A ND SHIPS OF WAR . 57

no d e fe n ce was md a dm ei i t by d th
th o s e wh o h ad a n s e re e

aff i f th d b i g i t d w i th t h
Adm
a rs O
y ; e u
n av ac q u an e n n a n e e

re al l tire a f th Su v y
o ns t th
O e i al ty r th e or o e r on e

on e h d and t th d ky d
,
an o th th e th ocP ar s on e o e r, e re ss

t i l y d l t h dl y wi th
cer a n ea ubli arf fi w h d v c O ce r o es

im
a e se r
p
all h uon o d wi th r , an
p t t b h f than v l o r an ran c o e na a

Se rvi wh i h i pit f ll th di dv t g it h
ce , c n s e o a e sa an a es as

l b u d u d wil l p b bly b f u d t b by
m d vi g Of th im
a o re n e r, ro a e o n o e no

e a ns e se r
p u ta
n ti w h i h h e b o ns c av e een

h p d up it
fi t m
ea e on

t t mt w
.

Wh th d wh y did ot
m
en e se s a e en s e re rs a e, n

th e Ad i alty t r g ppl with th a o n ce u i ra e e acc se r , nv e s

tig t th i cu y d f d it lf wh it ld d se

m
r ac e en e re co u

m
a e e r ac , , an

l y t h dy w h re dy w qui d ?
e re A d re re

tat mt w
a pp e e as e re n

h w i i t th t th
o a li t
e sd t by th e en s e re s e ne o

mm f f mB
s e

b d wh o h d t i th H u o ar s f se a s

Cm m with ut t mti g h g whi h i t uth

e e rs o or er a n e o se o

ar es

ff t d th m l
o on s, o a o n ce ee n c c n r

ly ; d v th tual ly i ffi en o se ac n o

md t upp th t th y uld h v
a ec e e s o c o se an e ce

se e e o s o se a
p i b ili t
ey co a e n o re s on s

i ti with th d ky d f th Fi t L d oc f ar s , or

i P li mt d cl
co nn e c on e e rs or

th Adm
n o

e i lty i hi plra n s d th t
ace n ar a en , e ar e a

h e coul d t b xp
no t d t d f d th e e Su yo f th
ec e o e en e r ve r O e

d
Ju g e n t we n t m by d
e faul t, si n ce n o r e p re se n ta ti e Of v
B o ards , past o r pre se nt, a e any sufficie n t ans we r md
g d
to th e all e a tio n s ; but i n or e r to sil e n ce th e pu li c b
di scon te n t ,
Cmm i i
a h d bo ss o n a een asse m
bl d e to in ui re q
in to th e tat
s f th d ky d
e o e oc ar s, with th e usu al p ro bi

biti ou a g i t t u hi g o th
a ns o c n n e course p ursu e d by th e
58 A DMIRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

Ad m
i lty ra , a nd th e R e
p o rt o f wh ich , wh e n i t a
pp ea re d ,

sa tisfi e d n o o ne .

Th e p re se nt sta te O f this ue stio n O f th e o c q d ky ards is

ce rtai nl yv y
e r singula r , fo r th e i rst Lo r e in db Fmm b er

f Ad m
g a e

of th e U pp e r Ho use th B i lty i d
m l ly by it S t y
ra
e p s re re

f C m
, o ar O

se nte di th e Ho use O o o ns so e s e cre a r

mt p i ll y with
n ,

wh o i s th e or
ga n o f th G e o v e rn en es ec a re

t t n a al v e xp e n di tu whil re th th h d e, on e o er an

mm
e c o
s
p ,

h is ch a r e s g wh e n b f th O pp iti h v
mi
a e er o e os on, a e

l d hi th e o s itio n Of th e accuse r o f th e A d

ml i
ace n
p
d ky d y m
p
ira ty re sp e ct to th e ste an d

h m
n ar ex
oc s
p en

d ture , whic
i m gm o un ts to e thi n th a n h alf o f th e
my m
a so ore

il b my lio ns d v
of u li c ran te in th e al

m
an na
p on e
g
e sti ate s b d Th e d le L h as re tra cte hi s
mm
. no or n e ve r ac

cusa tio ns , a nd y h th e co u n tr e c ts w it i i
md
ex
p t

m
so e a
p e n ce

th e re for g k r e tre nch e n ts it h as a ri h t to loo fo r

m m v
s an

athi h d I th e ti h o we th e po si ti on i s

m ml
s an s n ean e e r,

md
.

ost an o g g
a o us, b ut w e a re so a cc usto e to stran thi n

N v Adm
e s

in a al inistra tio n tha t it attrac ts no n o tice , an d th e

ym
o nl d d by
e a sur e Adm l y
a o
p te th e pre se n t ira t to so lv e

q i (b
th e d
ue st on , m d o th s i e s Of w hich a
y b e sai to b e re
p re

d by h S
se nte y) b
t e ird e cre tar h as ee n th e r e ne w e trans fe r

f h i t e r own ib h Cm m
r e sp on s ilitie s to an o t e r issi o n out

h i i mi i
O o

fd Ry C m
T m q t e t s a al issio n to in ui r e

dm
s o o

g m
o o ors .

h
in to t i f d ky d ni stra tio n o t he s , an d th o u h o st

mm m
e a oc ar

Of th eb e d e rs wh o co
p o se it are e sti tute o f th e n e ce s

yp i
sar re v o us bl g m d
ex
p e rie n ce e na in th e to co n uct th e

q y h
in ui r e it e r b
to th e ir own sa tisfa ction to th e pu lic

l m
or

dv g ill h
a an ta e , st v k
t e re su t ay be Of g rea t al ue if un li e
 K
DOC YA RDS AND SHIPS OF WAR . 59

all p re vi o us in qui ri e s Of th e sa m e n a tu re , th e y ar e fre e to

e n te r on th e qu e sti o n Of th e re la tio ns b tw th e Ad
m m m
e e en

ir al ty in th e e n t Of th e d cky d an d th e

m
an age o ar s,

sur vy e or s
’
dp te ar e nt .

Th e ig ti Of Sir Baldwi n Walk e r sca rce l y

m
re s na on ca n

sur
p rise an
y o n e , co n si d e rin g all th e cir c u sta n ce s Of hi s
siti on ; and b b ly ch an g will b e p ro p o se d cal cu

m mg
o ro a es
p p
l ate d t ugg t th at wh t v
o s es a e er a
y b e th e sh o r tco in
an d d f ct f th d ky d
e e s o e oc ar s, th e y are to b e trace d to

e vil s co nn e cte d rath e r with th e inte rnal co m

p i os tion of

th e Su v y r fli th t th u du i t f
’
f th
A dm
e or s o ce , an e o e n e n e r e re n c o e

i lty w ithra
p t t th d t i l
re s f h i
ec d p tm o t e e a s O s e ar en .

Th g v e i g p w o f th
e rn n vy i b u d to tak
o er O e na s o n e

th t d qu t f h l l b p ovi d d ; f th ugh
ultim
c a re a an a o r ce s a e r e

Cabi t th Adm
e a e or o

th e t d i i a e t with th e c s on re s s i e ne , e

ral ty i th s
p i b l e dv ire s f t
o nsh C b i e t e tah e se r o e a

Adm
n on

subj t d
ec , an i lty with th lno t ra f p ubli e e as s e nse o c

duty w uld o t t h l d fficon se n if th f o it o O ce e or ce con

id d y w fu d ; h vy i b ili ty
dm
s e re n e ce ssar e re p re se a ea re s ons

m u t l t up av l i i t tio wh w
d im
s a so re s on n a a n s ra n, en ne

di v i Of g t v lu t h v b
O m
s co er e s r ea a a e an or n ce a e
p ee n

a d pt d by th p w
o e o u h i
er adv
o f u
e rs , S c n an ce O s .

O th n th h d whil
e o th
er gv i g pw i
an , e e o e rn n o er s

g al ly p ibl f th ffi i y f th d ky d c enc O e oc ar s,

e p ubli c m y
ener re s ons e or e e

an d f th or p p x
p
e d i tu ero f t
erh e en r o on e

d v t d t d kyard pu p
o e oc it b d it high p 0
r o se s, a an o ns s

d m
e o

ti u t l av u fulfill d th t f
m
c re a on ce rn s
g e

m
n O

m
on , an s e e e

th if i t d d t th g t f th ll e an a e en O e s a

d tail f th v i u dep tmt a d th u f i tt

e n av e sce n s o
y ,

e s O e ar o s w y
ar e n s, n s r e rs a a
60 A DM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

i ts ti mf e ; or no Adm
i l ty ra ca n e v e r su
p e rin te n d th e se

e fficie n tl y a n d such in te rfe re n ce o nl yd e

p ri v e s th e h ea d s

m
,

Of d t e n ts O f th at au th o ri t y an d ra c tica l d d
in i vi ual

mgm
e
par , p
re s
p o ns i bility , e ss e n tia l to th e e ffe c ti v e ana e e n t o f an
y
g re a t b ra n ch o f th e p u bli c s e rvice .

Th e se O b vi o us
p rin ci le s h av e
p b ee n re ve rse d Th e
Adm m
.

i l ty h a s n ot e x e r cis e d its su h re e a ut o ri t y e i th e r

i h im
ra p
in mi a n ta in in g dqa e u ate force s, or n y t e t el a d e
p ti o n of

new y
t pe s O f v e ss e ls In 1 8 5 4 an d 1 8 5 5 w e h ad no
g u n

m
.

b o a ts , wh e n o s t ur g e n tl y
d f th publi
re
qu ire i ; or e c se r v ce

in 1 8 5 8 , w h e n th e su bj t w d l g t d by th C bi t
ec as e e a e e a

m
ne

fro mh t C mi i f ti g th ffi f th
e x e cu

m
o ss o n e rs n o

Cm
e or e ce O e

Lo r d Hi gh Admi l ra , t o i i
a t th
o T u y ss o n a e r e as r ,

fo rce o f sc re w shi of th e lin e and fi igates h a d

y mt
o ur
'
s
p
fall e n yf b
ver ar e l o w th e n e c e ssa r a o un ,
in fa ct to a

b are e qu lity wi th th F
a e r e n ch n av y; d an no w in 1 8 6 1 ,
F ran ce h b all w d t
as een o e o O bt i
a n ag t rea su
p e n o rrt
y in

iro n
It w o ul d
b e w e ll to try th e mi fi ex
p e ri e nt n th e rs t

ins tan ce of g g
iv in th e n e w ur S vy th e co n tr o l

m by Adm
or
p e ro
p er

i l y m g
.

o v er h is ow n d e
p a r t e n t, th e ra t li itin i ts
actio n to a ge n e ral su
p e ri n te n d e n ce , b ut p
s e ci all y ful
filli ng its o wn
p ro
p er re s
p on s ibili ty in k ee
pin g u
p an

dq ua te vy an d in ta k g in th at th e shi s buil t t
m
ca re o

m
a e na , p
ain ta i n its fo rce of th e o s t e ffici e n t y
t pe s i n

my
ar e con

fo r it wi th th e pro g r es s O f di s co v e r y
S m
.

te a -
en
gi ne s a r e n o w as in dis p e n sa bl t hip e o s s of w ar

as r u dd e rs, so th a t ever y sh i
p i s
pro du d by th
ce e co m
b in e d O
p e ratio n s o f th e co ns tru cto r an d Of th e en gi ne e r .
 K
DOC YARDS A ND SHIPS OF WA R . 61

In th e qu e sti on Of ar mm e n ts , an d o th e r m a tte rs, th e

m
a

na v al Office r u st be co n sul te d , an d his e xp e ri e n ce with

res
p e ch d i
t to t e u t e s shi s
p ar e re qui d re to ful fil , is of

g vl
r e at d m a ue a n i o rtan ce

N m
p .

0 h an e x is ts w o
p o qualifi ti whi h
sse sse s th e ca on s c

ld
w ou b m e na l e hi t ou d t k th
n kill d m g mt
er a e e s e an a e en

of th e b r an ch e s o f th m ete i l f th N y
a d
r eith o e av ,
an ne er

th e co n stru cto r no r th gi e enw ld b k th up

neer ou roo e s e

ri o ri ty Of th e o th e r , w e re e i th e r to fill th e Office Of th e

Surv e y or o f th e N y av .
I

A vl Office r fil li n g th e O ffice woul d n e ith e r t d

m
na a e
p re n

to co n struc t a p sh i
p n or to e rfo r th e d uti e s Of th e

g in e e in -
r - chi e f, b ut h e w o ul d ha v e fa r g re ate r k now

m
en

le dg Of th e v ario us e le e n ts y to co n sti tute an

m
e n e ce ssar

e fficie n t sh ip Of war un d e r a ll th e circu m s ta n ce s sh e a

y
ha v e to e n co un te r , th an e i th e r , for h i s wh o le life h as b een

p asse i d
n th e
p ractical e x p e ri e n c e O f th e bj t d hi
su ec ,
an s

f ssi o n al cr e di t an d su cce s s h as b een b d p with it

o un u

m
ro e
p .

Th e O i n t a cti o n of th e se a an, th e h ip build

s d
-
e r, an

th e in e e r, i s d by
se cur e th e su i t d f a
m
p er n en e n ce o

m
g
m
en n

Ad v
i r al o e r th e se v l b
e ra ra n ch e s wh i ch ust be co

b in e d in h ar mi o n o us a ctio n to p ro du ce g d oo r e sul ts

m
;
i t w o ul d b e th e re fo re difficul t to i v h i i t e x st n

y t mi
e
p ro e

my b p
g
thi s e ct Wh ate v co ur se a e ur

m fh S
n re s er
s s e p .

dh w with r e sp e ct to t h d p a rt ent O t

l f f m
su e o e v e r, e e e ur

ve
y or o f th e N y av , th e pr o p o sa i g
o B d f or n a oar o

C o n str ucti o n sh o u ld a t an
y ra te n ot fin d fav o ur wi th
th o se wh o ha v e h ad so mh uc ex
p e ri e n ce O f th e e vil s of

di i d d
v e re s
p o n si bili ty a n d co n fli ctin g co u n se l
 62 A DMIRALTY A DMINISTRATION.

CHA P . IV .

K
DOC YARDS (C ONT IN UED) .

BA SINS AND DOCKS .

THE po we r g u h ip i Of sustaini n an d e ffi

d g g t v l t uggl m
o r s s n

ci e n cy urin u t re a e n tir e l yd d
m p vi u ly g i d d
a na a s r e, s e
p e n

up th e a ns re o a re d , for
on e s or an se
p
m
an
p re

up lyi g d i th
m
g ai r n

m
s
p p n an re e .

Th e i e n se strai n o n o ur re so ur ce s i n th e se re sp e cts

to be ex t d an d th e v as t e x te n t o f th e arati o ns

mm
e c p
my b
p e re
p
md
,

qui d in e as ur e e sti ate if w e

mh
re a e so e su
re , p
p o se th ir t y sail Of shi ps to arriv e at P o r ts o ut ,
e a ch

qui i g thr fo ur h un dr e dt o ns o f coals ; a s n one o f

ym
re r n e e or

u l g h ip o th f w d y l th i re an a a s
’
co a

my ft h pp d th u g t
o r ar e s s ca n ca rr e , s

ity f b i g bl e r en n e ce ss O e n a

k p th m t tly uppli d i bvi u f with ut

a O en a e n , an e

fu l th i m v mt
o ee e con s a n s e s o o s, or o

e e r
p ly od i e fl t i u h
e n s are a ra se , S n ce a ee n s c a

c di ti
on w ul d b ion p b l ioth f tt k e d fn ca a e e er O a ac or e e n ce ,

d w ul d b e xp e d t t i d t u ti o ce r a n

m
os es r c on

m
an o e .

With e ct al so to re p air s, th e r e are i e ns e new

g f mth
re s
p
d e md an s on our d ky d
oc ar re so ur ce s ari sin ro e

g e n e r al a d ti Of th e scr e w , n o w d
in isp e n sa e o e e r bl t v y
mh
o on
p
sh ip Of w ar , n ot o nl yf ro t e d
acci e n ts to which th e

p rop e l l e r itse lf an d th e scr e w sh aftin gi s b

li a l e , b ut fro m
th e gr e at we a k n e ss th e scre w a
p e rtur e cau se s in th e afte r
 DOC YARDSK —
(C O NT IND RD ) BASINS . AND DOORS . 63

t of th e sh i m e cial l y in th e ste rn t nd

my
p ar
p , o re
p es
po s a

ru dd wh il e th is g re a t w e r, w o r in k gi th e e xtre it
m
e r, n
p o ,

an d dr i in v g t hi te n or twe l v e il es h o ur ,
m
a
gre a S p an

ca n n o t fail to o ccasio n a n e x ce ssi v strai n o n th e fl

mh i m
e a e .

F ro t e se c r cu sta n ce s fre qu ent d e fe cts ari se

( an d th e y
ill b g
w y r e a tl in cr e ase d i tim f w ) by wh i h h ip
i bl d f m
e e o

m m yd
n ar , c s s

b co l e te l sa d f t ft b l f e ec s, O e n ca

m ;
a e ro a
y e
p p e o

i i
re pa r d a i a d y d k b ut by
r th
oc no o er

h m
n on e n e an s
y ,

so h t iat t e a n te n a n e o c f th fl t i di f acti
e ee n re a n e ss or on

w ill d e
p en d on th e nu mb f d k al way
er o dy t oc s s re a o re

ce iv e sh i s fo r re pai rs

mk d
p .

Wi th th e fo re si gh t whi h h c as ar e th e val p o li cy
md p p
na

of F ran ce , sh e h as a e re aratio n s for th e su

pp l y an d

re
p air o f her fl tp p ee ro o rtion e d to h e r o th e r e fforts , n ot

o nl y at Ch e r b g wh e
o ur re th e b a si ns an d de cks are o n a

md
,

scal e whi ch e x cite th e w o n d e r of th o se a ccu sto e onl y

to o ur o wn , b ut g e v en r e ate r w or k s Of th e sa mki d e n are

in progre ss a t Br e st a n d To ul o n .

Th e asins b of Ch b g al o n e i n clu d y igh t

fort acr e s

md d
er our e -
e

Of d w ter, wh i ch th e l ar g e st sh i s, ar an r e ad y
mv
e
ee
p a p ,

for b attle , ca n e nte r o r d e p ar t fro e y d y f th e y r

er a o ea ,

an d
g six d k (tw b
re a ti g oc s o e n d u bl d k
o e p b l oc s, ca a e

h f
e ac ivi g tw
o h ip ) p
re ce n o s s O en uto f th b i
o d e as n , a n

t ll tim a ibl
fi i h d com
a re a a es cce ss e .

Th b i e f T ul will wh
as n s o p i
o on en n s e , r se

w d f i gh ty
t f m e g
u ar s O e acr e s
p .

Th h b u f B t tu l b i

f im
o res or s on re a na ra as n ,

m e x t t it h l g i d
e ar o r

h vi g qu y
a n a s O e ns e en on s s o r e s, a o n s e

of whi h th l g t hip
c e li bu t i
ar e s dditi t th S s can e n a on o e se
64 A DHIRALTY ADMINIST RATION .

g rea t n a tur al re so urce s, no le ss th a n five a rtifici al bas in s

in co urs e O f e x ca v a tio n

mh
a re .

Th e two b a s in s Of Po rts o ut on th e o th e r ha n d
m mh
, ,

co
p i r se n in e an d a h alf ac re s, o r le t an o n efifth pa r t
of th e area O f th e b a s in s a t C he r b o ur g b u t th e ir v al u e in
m mh i
,

i ar s o n, is fa r les s th an a fifth, fo r fro t e r sh all o w

co
p
th e y ca n n o t be O
p e ne d e x ce
p t du i g r n ti d e s,

an d are e v e n th e n o nl yt b o e e n te re d by u o r la rg e st shi ps
a fte r th e yh b li gh t d e ne o f co als , sto r e s , an d a co n

mm
av e ee n

s id e r a b l e
p a rt o f th e i r ar a e n ts ; su
pp o s in
g th e m to b e

a v a il a bl d u i
e
g r n on e ha lf Of e ach ti d e, or in o th e r w or d s,

fo r one ha lf o f th e dya s of th e y ea r, 9% ac re s fo r 1 8 2
days, m d w i
coh 8 f
a re t 4 3 6 5 da y is to

m
a cr e s or s, as
p
d h an b m t ese nu e rs a
y b e ta k e n as ex
p r e s s in
g
pp
a im y
ro x m md
a te l th e acco o a ti o n o f th e b as i n s Of Po rts
mh m o ut
p d i h
co h C har e w t t o se o f er b o ur g
m
.

Th d k e P oc s at o r ts o u th a re e n te re d th r o u gh th e

b as in s , a n d are ac ce ssi bl e th e re fore o nl y at th e sa m im

e t e

th e b as i ns , e x ce ti
p g h ow e ve r on e d ee doc k us t

md
as n
p
co m
p l e te d, w hich w ill ad m
i h t t e lar g es t shi
p s ar e and

dy f
re a i o r se rv ce ever yd a
y, an d a n o th e r d k wi thi oc n th e

d p d k will
ee oc soo n be re n d e r e d al so ca
p bl f i r e ce v in g
m
a e O

a sh i p wi th all h e r w e igh ts on b oar d a t all ti es but even

dd k i m
;

w h e n th is l t d th d ki g w

t P t m
se co n oc s co e e
p p , e oc n o er

a uth f
or s la g
o hip w ill till b
or yi f i
r e s s s e ve r n e r or

t wh t h
o b p i d d t Ch b g
a as e en ro v e a er o ur

t P t m
.

Th i e ibility f b i
n a cce s s d d k ou th as ns an oc

y tid i m m t ll
s a or s o

du i g th g t p t f
r n e re a e r ar O e ver e s co on o a

th o se a t u th e d ky d x pti g K yh m
o r o r ;oc d ar s
, e ce n e a an
 DOC YARD K (C ONT INU R D ) .
- BAS INS AND DOCKS . 65

th e wh ol e aggre g ate b as in a cco md

m a ti o n o f all o ur d k
mi
o oc

y d ut t g e th e r
(w h n th e n ew b as in at
’

Ke ha y
m d) i ll b hi y
ar s
p o e s

l e te w d h lf
t rt

m
co
p e Se v e n an a a a cr e s

Th im
-
.

f h ibili y f d k
o rta n ce t b t a e

im d by h p
e o y o oc s
p e acce ss

e st ate ibl t e i
o ss h Ch l
e ca se Of an actio n n t e anne ,

wti h d i iv
ou t l h
ec s e re su y ld
t, w v e ach ar t wo u ha e a

m
en p
l g b q g
e r o f sh ip s r e d k uirin r e air in an d i t is
m dv g
e nu oc
ar p ,

vd i h
e nt t at e n or ld b l g
ous h an ta wo u to t at

m
a e on

ld m
es

m
e

co b h h
atan t w ic p i dl y co u
p i h i d g d
o st r a re a r s a a e

h ip d k h gta t ai n

d K yh m
e e se a a

f Plym h
s s an .

Th e r e so ur ce s o i d k d il y out an e a n o c s, a

acce ss ibl b e , are a i h o ut o n a f B b i wt th o s e r e st ut f

m
ar
p O

m
;
ship b
w e re to h f e se n t f P t h ai rs o r ts o ut

m
s e re or re ro
p ,

h h
w ic d p un i er h
r e se n t c r cu yb stan ce s , is t e n e ce ssar as e

vl p i
Of n a a h d g
o e rat o n s,f dividi g h fl t i t eet s to o

m m
e an er O n e

bi v o us qi to u r e co e nt

h im
O re .

T f q y i
o r ta n ce h d l g d w t wate r si

h mi
p e o ua a on e

ff di g m
s ee
p
t e a f g f g co ali n an d O e xe cutin

m
, n or n e an s O

i i i l b l d
is h d dv
n ca cul a g w t isa an ta

f m
n or a rs , an e es e
p re e,

sh ld l b
ou d i a o ur fun er h n ca sef o war ro t e w an t O

suc h m md i
a cco ld b v y
o at on i f wou ly e er se r o us , o r n o t On

ha v e we no b i as n s av aila bl e for such ur o se s ,

p p b ut no

d ee
p w ater q y ua s to an
y co ns i d bl
e ra e e x te n t h av e b een

rovi e t dd an y Of our orts , l g id e of whi ch large

m
p a p a on s

sh i li e to co al , fo r i i Th e
md
or n or re
p a rs s
p a ce

mh h
s can
p .

in Ports o ut b o ur for l arge shi is so li i te th at

m
s
ar p ,

v du i g th C ri h e an war t e duti es we re Ofte n at a

m
e en r n e

stan d stil l for wan t of roo an d th ou h g v y u ful

b i gm
-
; a er se

a ddi ti o n is n ow e nd by a e e xte n di g n a qu y l g
a ,
a on

F
66 ADMIRALTY A DM INISTRATION .

si d whi ch th re e shi ps o f th e lin e will b e abl e to li e , still

m
md
e

th e acco o ati on is v y i
er ns uffici e n t, an d a se ri o u s

n e ce ssi t y e xis ts for l ar g i c n r ease Of this i e s o f ac

m
m
s e c
a e p
o datio n.

m fi mP
co

Ch e rbourg, ab out il d six t y o or tla n an d

mP m h b
'
es ,

se v ty f u f
en -
o tr uth ro as ee p p or sd o ,
n re are as

th e F h ba e of ti i cas e of w w th
i E
m
r e nc s p o e ra g ons n ar n

la d n d wh at s
, an w i th i g g i
no p t i o n on e re s o re ar en

l ly di
ar te d to thi
rec bj t ; it b asi d k s O d ec s ns, oc s, an

w k h p
or s i te d d f th
o s are upply
n dn p ei fort h e s an re a r o e

fl t du i g war whi ch ith i th b a i i th

m m
ee r n ,
e er n e s n or n e

h u d th b k w t li u f
b dmt fi hip
a g eora er e e ro se c r e

y att ck x pt bom
r ea a e r,
nc n
y a

ev er a e ce It i ar en or re s s . s

full y u d to o d i F th t th p f p w
it f m
n e rs n ce r an ce a e re se n O a o er

ful val f l th e d g f
bi g bm
cu

b ard d f m
na can orce a on e se re ro an er O

e n o th a d th
e f ro it i li ttle e se , an e r e ore s

us e d as b uildi gy d ; its t
a c n i t p i ip lly f
ar s o res ons s r nc a o

wh at w uld b c a y t k p fl t i tivity u der

e ne e ss r o ee ee s

th am
o n ac n

th e p f war th t i cas e Of v u t

m
ur

g m
e O SO a n re e rse s

fm
re ss , e o n

t i l xp o d t d b ll i b l
th m lv s f m
an er a

by fa th mt
o a er a e y se as a o e s as o ss
p e .

Th d k d b i
valu bl par t of th tabli hmt a d th
e oc s an as ns e se e or r e os

e f es s

f m i u i j u y by u h tt k
a e urse en , n e se O co ,

a e wh oll y cu

m
r se re ro se r o s n r s c a ac .

Ch b u g th e f
er o r u t b c
er id e dore i t d d s e ons er as n en e ,

i th
n v t Of wa to b th c tral d p t d ba
e e en r, e e en e o an se

f p ti f Fr c i th e Ch el a d afe

j udgmt f wh t ff t F e m
O O e ra on s o an e n an n

m
, n no s

b k i g t i
vy ca b f m d f om wh at m
en O a e e or s ra n c a o n
y a n

cre as h e e r na n
y b
e bor d
e ,
r a e o se rve

at th at ar se nal .
 DOORr ARDS ( C ONT m) nRD .
—BASINS AND DOORS . 67

It h as so mim b et es een su
pp ose d th a t Portlan d wil l
affor d facili tie s o f re
p airs an d su
ppli q
e s e ual to th e ad

v an ta es Ofg Ch b g; it d b dy
o u te l will b e for co al
m im
er o ur un

i ng an d o th e r
j
Ob e cts a o st p o rtan t station for o ur

fle t an d h e re afte r it sh o ul d d ks an d con si d
m
e o sse ss er
, p oc

bl of e x e cuti n g i b ut at th e r e se n t

mm m
a e e ans r
re
p a s,
p
e n t such w or k wo ul d b ature , fo r its d e fe n ce s

mm mm m
o s e
p re

ar e v y er far fr o pl co e tion , an d for so e ti e to co e

i t will b e d e pe n d e nt for prote ction on th e a ctual

p r e se n ce

o f a n a al v force i th l i t d v d Ports
m
e e r co u e er su e rse e
; n
p
outh as th e g re at ar se n al Ou o ur south co ast ; still , sh o ul d
we li v to se e Portlan d fortifie d it ou gh t to affor dg r ea t

mh h
e ,

r e li e f to th e re so urces Of Ports o ut whi c at

m v fp
, ar e p re

se n t far b e l ow th e qui e n ts e

m dm
re re en O e ace .

At Ports ou th w e p o sse ss i b h b an a ra le ar our , th re e

fourth s of whi ch w e h a ve ll d miow e to a n use le ss fro m

md d i
a re

th e accu m ul ati o n of u an it s al so v yier ibl n acce ss

mh q y f
, e

for l ar g i e sh fro t e uan tit shi n gl whi h fill up

tly m
O

m m
s e c s
p
its e n tran ce ; h v b e a tte ts d
mll l dim
p so a e e en r e ce n a e on

i i h h b to t structi ons , th e e n trance

mwh im
a sca e n s e se O

m
a s

h as b p
ee n so v d d e at ro e , an e as ure s ha ve
al so b e en ta ke n to cl e ar awa y a e h e re an d th e re

in th e h ar b our for a lin e -

Of -
b attl e Shi
p to li e ; b u t wh il e

F ran ce h as ps en t 3 5 0, 000l . ste rlin g d p i g

in ee en n th e

inn e r roads o f T o ul on, w e h a v e no t d v l op d th e

e e e ca
p a

b ili tie s Of th i s in v al u a bl e p ort to an e xte n t a

p pro achin
g
e ith e r to its n atural re source s, or to wh at wi ll b e re qui d re

Of i t in ti m Of d an ge r, an d we still co ntin ui g to

mll m
are

m
es n

li it our o
p e rati o ns to th is s a scal e , co stin g so e 4 000l .

r 2
68 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

5 000l y
N twith t di g th xp i f it e r e n ce O s

m md ti u d th m
or . a e ar . o s an n e e

i uffi i t a ti v l y li g h t

d md f th Ru i w h l f i t li m
ns c en cco p o a a on n er e co ar e s

it d x t t f
d p w te r co ti u till bl k d up t l y wi th m
e an s o e ss an ar , a s e e en O

ud

m md ti
ee a n n es s oc e no on ,

b ut with u l h ul k d till i t b i a cco o a on

is lim
se e ss s, an s s as n

it d t e f i o d a h lf
an e
are a O ibl
n ne an a acr s , acce ss e

l y t p i g ti d
em
on a s r n es

Thi is th m
.

k bl f p a
ore e r f b ar ut a e, or s c o a o

t mt p
s e a

tw ty c i lu di g th p d i f t
f th C m
r on

m H d (with th fu th g at d t g
en a r e s, nc n e r e se n as on s, n

O e o on ar , e r er re a v an a e

f cti g th D ky d d th O d wh a f )
se m t t m
O co nn e n e oc ar an e r n an ce r ,

e t i vit u by th f ili ti
o n e it p s, e k ac es re se n s, o a e a

im m dditi t th
s

ew b i whi h w ul d ff d o

f thi im
n as n c o a or an e n se a on e

u p t t d ky d d thi h b ee

g i p p d t diff t Adm
r e so r ce s O s or an n oc ar , an s as

ov d v i l ti
m
er an o er a a n ro o se o e re n ra es

with ut u c If h w v
s c e ss bj ti h u l d
xi t to f m
o
y o e er an O ee on s o se e

m
.

t i g b as i thi id u h l g
m
o e s or n a n on a s s e, a c ar e r ar e

igh t b e e cl d th o th ide f th d ky d to on e n r s O e oc ar

t am
n o se

l g th
e n ar e ba i t th e s e y ex t t a s n o e n e ce ssar en ,
s

w lle to bt i g u d f
as o f th a n d ky d xt i
ro n or ar er oc ar e e n s on

for v i u th ar o s y pu p
o erb ut thi g
n e ce ssar f r o se s , no

m
n o

th ki d i i t b i t

m
e n p g s
ppn ro
e r e ss, or a ears o

m m
n co n e

l ti T h i v d w h a f a d t i d t h
v y v l uabl m u
e ro e r cco
p a on .
p o a on , a n e

addi ti o of tw d pd k
n o ee e c s , ar e er a e eas re s

i th i gh t di
n e r ti b ut th at f i rec i g th e l gth f
on , O n cr e a s n en O

th d k e p
oc i g u ts of th S h
en n b i w oill b f
O l e e er as n e ar e ss

th b i it lf h t b de p d a d
mm
s o ,
as e as n se as no een e ene ,
n

th e large st shi th e re fo re , can e n te r th e fr o th e

p s

h ar b our onl y du i g r n s rin

p g tid e s a s at
p r e se n t.
 DOORrARDs (m my
m— u RAM S AND DOORS . 69

Th e re be b
dou t wh ate v th at Ports mh i o ut

my im
ca n no er s

wan tin g in its pre se nt con ition in d t nt

m
an p o r a ar
p
a

ti cul ars, t th i t hit b rea tl y

mg m
y e e p r e ssur e up o n
g e g re

lie v e d in cas e Of e e r e n cie s by S o uth a t th i b

v ry far up i to th at P t m
p o n , e as n s

Of whi ch ar e u th

by P tl d ; b ut gla at th m
e s e r or o se or s o ,

a d h ft w il l
m
n ere a er or an a n ce a
p e

p ro v the i p e ib ili ty f o ss
y th p t O u l y i
an g i t o er or s s

m
pp n

l ace , x t
e t th g t t d i dv t f P l y th
i 120 m
p p ce a e re a e s u sa or

d f di t t f m y
g an a e, o

s il d w th Ch
es o nl e a nn e , an ar s an ro an

F ch p t whi h ul d b th d v u f fl t It
i cum
re n or c co e e re n ez o s o a ee .

m
i t u i d d u d
s r e n ee xi ti g
, n er te e s th t w
n c r s a n c s, a e

igh t b f d to
e o r ce d p t f u fl t th f se n a ar O o r ee e re or

i b ut i t i d l t u g th il
m
re a rs, s ne e
p
ess u o r e e er
p o s co ns e

q u e n ce s th t i gh t aatt d u h di p rs i
en f s u cf a s e on O o r o r ce

i th f faace O pp t
n o t a t d
on e n i C h b u
co n ce n r g d e n er o

om md v y ki d f mt ial
n e r , an

h i g th
av n t hi
e re a s c an e er n o a er

fl t coul d qui
d Ch th m
u rce a re re

m
r eso ee .

Th p t f Sh e t d fi
m di t c i ludi g th mt
or s O ar
e rn e ss an a a ar a e o
'

P tm
e p e se

or s uth by o u h g t
a c re a e r s an e , nc n e os

iti l d diffi ul t vig ti u i l d l y i t

th t a fl t as m
c na o n ca
cr ca an g o g a a s n n e a s n r

v i g th di ta c bl d th w ul d
m
e rs n e s n e s, so a ee se e e re o

b wh lly d fici t i th w f t ti
o m
o e en
p n o se o er s O

m
ro
e
p p ac on n e

t e t th p o e ib l eb i t i ss d e cot i o n s an

whi h m
na en er r se s
ce ssar y p
igh t b u d t k b y fl t t Ch b g Thi
'

m m
o ur

m
c e n er a en a ee a er s

im
.

p t
or an t d uty l y b f
ca n o n
p e d f Pe t u t
e r orh ro or s o ,

wi th P tl d as its adv d p t ; b ut whil t P t an ce os

muth th i g wo thy f it im
or an e a or s

no n p r ta O o u s g tl y or n ce , r so r en

mt b
o

d d by it d f t h b d e ec s as een one , or se e

m
nee e s s o e SO

u h c th ugh t
as of it h a b e O , fid tly s t d e n con en as se r e

r 8
70 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

th at vastbasi b
newl f h l di g t hi t y hi f e O o n r s O

t d at Ch th m
a p n, ca p a s

th e li i like ly to b
ne , s x ca ! e Th e va e a a e

w t t u M dw y i t fte adily ib l
m
n arr o , or u o s e a s no o n re acce ss e

f li f b ttl h ip u d i t d t

i a b i at Ch ath m
or a ne O - -
y
a ceu s sa a n e r an c r n ce s, n o

ll e ct thi ty sail f th li as n a

md g t p t th blu d f h ul
co r O e ne n ,

w ul d b i
o e, n so e e r ee , o re ea e n er o a

i g up th gu b t at H l
n e whi h wh
n oa s h ul d up as ar, c en a e

ul d t b got aflo at g i I te ad f b i g withi o e n n

bl at a mm
co no e a a n . ns

igh t f th otice t f h
’
e t p u t t n o or

m
s o e se a, a e o n s

an d u t
e n co th e y wh t with th diffi ulti f
n er e ne , a e c es o

i g ti th f qu t f g d th di t c it i p
m y f mCh b u g m
n av a o n, e re en o s , an e s a n e, s ro

b bl th t
a e a an e n e igh t ft ro h v er o r O en a e a

st t f v l day if t w k bf e a fl tf m
Ch th am uld e a h th t p t f th Ch
ar o se e ra s, no ee s, e or ee ro

l ! N thi g
m c t ary to v y p i cipl f v l w
a co r c a ar o e an n e o n

co ul d b e ore on r e er r n e o na a ar

f th to p a
an t by u h d
se i ta c t
ra eh v l l
s c a s e

m
ar e , a a n e na arse n

wh vi i i d f th t t t i f t h fl t

m m
e re
p ro s on u s a o a e or e s s en n o e ee

in re
pai rs, fr o th e place wh e re our force ust be con

ce ntrate d , as th e in e i ta l e v b b as e of operations On o ur

s outh e rn co as ts. It is true th at to m e e t ce rtai n e ve n tuali ties ,

su ch , fo r e xa m l
p ,e as a R ussian an d F re n ch al li an ce , o r as

A n twe r f ll i in to th e h an ds Of F gre at n e ce ssit y

m
p a n
g r an ce ,
a

woul d v
e x ist fo r a n a al arse n al o re to th e e as tw ar d , an d

i t is d i able to p ovid g i t u h co n tin g e n cie s ; b ut

v y d ubtful if Ch th mwoul d b
es r r e a a ns s c

i t is th e b est l
e tabli h mt
er o a a e a ce
p
for u h d i th e d e fects Of

mh mm m m
c an s en an an cas e
s
y s , n

Ports out at th e pr e se n t e nt uch g e n tl y

m
o ur

d md h
ore

t e e fforts Of th e G v e nt

m
e an o e rn .

If Ch ath a is ch ose n b e cau se it is suppose d to b e safe r

 DOORYARDS ( OO Nr n m) —RD . BA SINS AND DOORS . 71

fro b dm
mb m o ar e n t, th e answe r is , th at unl ess our fl ee t s

occu
p y sali e n t
p o in ts sui te d to i n stan t e gress to th e se a,

th e y ca n n e v er d e fe n d th e co un tr y fulfil y duty
m
, or an on e

ex
p e cte d d iOfi th e t v y d ubtful wh th e v
m
, an s er o e er en

i h t is C h h e ct at a i d b l d
m
n
p res
p o sse sse s a n
y a a co ns e ra e v n

ta g ve o P er h o rts o ut .

S h id i b d e rat o n s h av e e e n all o w e to e n te r in to th e
m fh
uc co n s

q i u e st o n mh ll i fr o t e fa a c o u s e s ti a te O t e re al im p o rt
f h vy hi h h b
t e i d w e e n e n te rta n e Of late y
y m ly
a n ce O na c as e ar s .

T h h lly l k f h
w ta t th e first li n e
h mlv
o se o co o o e na v er e as

f d gi i v i
e fe n ce h a a ns t n as o n , s ow t sin ul l y
f m
O e se es
g ar

ill -
in d f h
or l b i
e O hi h h t e re a as s on w c t e h appin e ss ,

p ow e r , an d
p ro s
p e ri t y of Engl an d r e sts , an d sh o ul d
our con d iti on b e such as to e xp o se us to th e ri s k o f an

mi i
y
g t vl v th e v ns t n ct o f se lf r es e r ati o n

m
rea a re e rse , e re
na
p
-

w ul d u g up
o r v e on eth er y
ity f gi i g i d
san e n e n ece ss o v n

full fl t t u b u dl vl wh h if dul y
'

e ec o o r u o n i e ss n a a re so r ce s, c

g i d a t b pidl y il bl i g t d g
im
or a n se so s o e ra ava a e n re a an e rs ,

w ul d
o d re ni u di t t
e r se r o xt t s
p ib l
s as e rs a se a n e o oss e,

an d m ll
s a i t tly on e st i v bl n s an re r e a e .

If th av le nu f E gl d w
a r e so th u r ce s d d O n an e re s re n e re

b l f u dd i t t l t f th
m
xp p a
en e a ns o n , a ar eas O

t m
ca
p a e O s e con

e
pl t d xp
a e d i tu ei l d end f i g
re h t b din an e e n ce s e s

p d
e n se w i th b ut h ul d w gl t ,
this (w hi
o h i th e ne ec s, c s e

ly d f by whi h th h f i v i c ul d b

m
m
on e e n ce c e o rr o rs O n as on o e

r even ted , as i t i s al so th e sol e rote cti on Of our co

p p e rce

and fore ign po sse ssion s), pian d

te O f th e din
i ctateSs Of
co m
m on pru e n ce , l e a e d v
all to acci e n t an d h aph az ar , d d
th e n it i s O bvi ous th at all our l an e fe n ce s, th o u h d d g
I 4
72 ADMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

m ul tipli e d t f ld oul d v p v th g at i t
whi h c m
n e

bi t mk
en o ,
c ne er re se r e o se re

t p
r e s s s r ea d v di t t gi O er s an re o ns , c o ne o a e

thi u t y g
s co a t gl
n r i u re d f , or o s, an re e .

Ou d ky d th p
r oc ari u d p é t a d f to i
s, e re c o f s e s n ac r es o

vl f h ul d d ub tl b d d u se c re

m
u o e re n

m
o r na a orce , s o e ss e re

f m d i b u t t v u d ky d ar s

m
u o o e o r oc

th y m
a e a n re
ro
p co

f m
;
th f e f se a,
y
or b b i
e arg d de b a e es e e an o

b d d i di ti tly t c t m
ro

l t th l f u v l
m
s o on e a e e oss o o r na a
ar e , s nc p
i i ty f h t i w h ll y i i b l
m
u u r s e s ar e o

md f th
s
p e r or; p
or s c p
en e r o ss e so

l g th as e co h an t b o w e te d se as as n o een re s

f mu h d
on

O anth th h d th p ibili ty
gul i g f P t muth
ro o r s . n e o er an , e oss

f th e i u i v i
f E gl d m
O a re ar s e e O or s o , or e s r o s n as o n

o n an
y b l u
, g h d at w
e h a u e vy i o sco rn en o r na s

g i d t b p p ti t t th w
m
so or a n se as o e u
ro or on a e o e r e so r ce s e

d t th i h t y i t t w hi h d d i t

It m m
p o sse ss, an g o e c p u p n e re s s e en on .

y b da i a b l te i es r u e o u e o t C h th
n cr e as e o r r s r ce s a a a ,

b ut if v y g t w k h l d b t d th d
mi i it p e t di ti
x u

P tm
y an er u re a e e or s o e c e e re , an

or s uth i all owe d t

o s o re a n n s r se n co n on ,

n othi g b ut th e w
n d i f tu ti ca b appli d t thor n a a on n e e o e

j t

b v d b f th t m
p ro e c .

It h b as e en O ser e e xp ditu
e ore , a no re e en re

h w v g t gi f v l ffi i y
b d y te m
re a can u

f dm
o e er v e an as s ran ce O na a c enc
y, e ,

an d th t a a a i i t ti
s s i u O t ba n s ra on s s re o e an

iv o e f ct f whi h ha b u f fig
mm
exp e ns e n , u
a s o c o r r o rs O re r e,

aff d or so a k bl i e re t ce r a e ns an s .

Th w k t D v h v t alr dy 4 1 9 2 1 4 l d
by th tim
e or s a o er a e cos ea ,
.
, an

are t t e es h 6 5 0 000l
a e Th l d
h av d iv d f m
o r ea c ,
. e so e a van

t g w
a e e e thi l g
er exp di tu
ro

bl d mtims t g
s ar e e en re co n

i t i th D v pack t b i g
s s s n e o er e s e n e na e so e e o o
 DOCKYARDS ( CO NT INUE D ) . BA
- SINS AND DOORS . 73

al on g id s e th e Adm qu y k
i l ty Pi t l
a , d n ow n as th e ra e r, o an

th i p e r g i te d f by b t wh th w t
ass e n e rs, ns a O a oa en e a er

i t
s l w t t th h b u It ff d im
m
OO o o e n er e ar o r . a or s no

p ro v e t w th p en ki g f t t h a
or h g whi h s ea n o o e nc o ra e, c

i till v y p d xp d wh b ut a p rti
um x p
s

d d ppli d t im
s er O en an e o se , e re as o on

O f th e s
p ev th l
en d e a e o ro e e O

m md ti
,

h b ar w ul d
o ur , t l y gi upo i no on ve s e r or acco o a on

to th p k t eth th w
ac w k
e s ff d b ut w ul d
an e ne or s a or , o

d it v il bl
er tati f gu b t whi h i
a e as a or o a s,

m
re n a a s on n c s an

Ob e ct O f r e al
j i p o rta n ce .

Ag i a n at St . C a th e rin e s,
’
on th e e as t si d e Of Je rse y , a

h b u w a s pro j e cte d w hi ch , a fte r a lar g rtio n O f th e

m
ar o r e
p o

m
,

w k hor ad b e e n co pl e te d , wa s a b d an on e d as i p p ro e rl y
l d fo r th e p ur pose s an d O
a n d use l e ss bj e cts in i
v e w,

m
m
ace
p
to e ffe ct w h i ch th e u n e rta in was co d k g d A
my b
e n ce .

l d d qu y g
'

en i a n ow a e s e e n run ni n out in to th e
m
S
p se a ,

b ut th qu arte rs o f a i le it btu cts th e r un O f th e

m
a o re e o s r

ti d d th
e s, an e h Op e r atio n s of th e fish e r en to suc an

e x te n t, y v y i (
th at th e b h ll y a nx o u s it cann o t w
mv d) h g b h h l d b md h gh
ar e er as e o

t at a re a t re a c s ou e a t rou

my b m
re o e e

i t, d i i b h p d h i d i
t to li d t e r

m
e o e e s re a co
an s
p e e

i h f hi id f h l d h b fl d
'

wt or p t s s e O t e un co e te ar o ur a or s

m
,

no h l s d e y i te r h un er an c rcu s tan ce s w a te v e r , an d th e

ly p bl p p i ld
o ssi v li d ur o se t co u be app e to ,

ff d v y im
on e e er

w ou ld b f ili i
to f l di g r ta n t t

y i h l i m i l m p i lly
er o ac es or an n

m
e a or p a

F re n ch ar w t a l ts ate r a , o re es ec a as

ro a d s to all p ar ts Of th e isl an d con v g er e at th e s

p o t it
i
my
o ccu
p es .

Thi s wo r k co st a b o ut 2 7 0, 000l . Of th e pu bli c on e .

74 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

Th e wor k th e d f Al de y w
nei h b
o uri n g sl an I rn e

C b g i tim f w
o e re
s on g
u d tak i d to wa tch h e r our
d y mv mt f th
n er en n or er n e o ar ,

an d t te l g aph t E gl
o e r o n an an o e en s O e

Fr h val f na i th t p tor ce s B f e th y w e e
n a or e or e r

m m d it w ugg d li ttl i l d wh olly with ut

e nc .

m
co e n ce as a r e e s an ,

v lu i a av l ili t y p i t f vi w h i g
T m
a e n n a or ar o n o e , av n no

fo tifi ti
r ca d h b u
ons a n no k ar wi th ut th e
o r . O a e on e o

o th r w ul d b u l d i t w d i d dt d th
i l d im
e o ; e se e ss an as ec e o re n er e

s an p g b l by re b uil di g
na v
e l f t d t a t
n e se e ra o r s, an o cr e

a h b u t h ld v
ar o r o igh t hi p
o se f th li
e n or e whi h s s o e ne , c

b i g th fl k f th fl t i Ch b u g w i t d d
t w t h it m v mt d m
e n on e an O e ee n er o r , e re n en e

o a c s o e
p i t
e n s, an
p ti cra s O e ra on s .

But h ow h th pl b as x ut d ? I
e an qu
e en e ec e n co nse e n ce

o f th a tifi i l qu y whi h h a
e r c a o t 8 00 000l
a , h vi g
c s c s ,
.
, a n

b een u ut i
r n w o g di ti th n a ro n h ag it p re c on , e a nc or e ro

te t i
c s h all w th at
s SO S t v o f ig t li e u d it
no e en a r a e can n er s

h e lt wi th ut g u di g t l w w t th Em ld

f w m
s er o ro n n a o a e r, as e er a

did a o th e g T hn i ls d aw i llo o
. w b l u t l
e y s an n a so e

qui l g ga i o to p v t it f lli g i t th
im
rr s s

t wh m
a ar e re en

mdi t ly
re re n a

f m
n n o e

h d an f F s O r an ce , i t p iti
o o ro s os on e a e

b tw th Ch l I l d
o

e ee n e d th E gli h
ann e s an t it s an e n s co as ,

w ul d b f g t v lu I th w k t D St
y m
o e O re a a e n e se or s, a ov e r ,

h lf f m y
. .

Cath ri d Al d ’
illi a d

vot d f th N v l E tim
e n e s, an e rn e , a on n a a O on e ,

e or e te ah ab xps dd a s, as een e en e .

I th di t ibuti f bu i w w k
on O dh b us n ess , n e

m
n e s r or s, an ar o rs

O f fug re m i tt d t th
e ar e co
p ci a l he g f t ho F i t e s e c ar e O e rs

Lo d ; th e up i t d
r s f th e Di
er n e n t f W k i
e n ce O re c or O or s s

t u t d to th Ju i L d b th i ili whil th
f W k h imlf i
en r s e e n or or , o c v ans, e e

Dir ct e or o or C l l f E gi
s se
; i
s at o on e o n n e e rs
 DOC YARDS K ( OO NT INDR D —
) BASINS
. AND DOORS . 75

th e re fore d oes n ot a th at any v al opinio n is b gh t

m
pp e ar na ro u

to b in any re spo nsi bl e fo r wh ate v qu e stio ns

md
ear e r, o n

whi ch e sse n ti all yd th e k nowle d an d e xp e ri e nce

m m
e an e
g
Of a se a an ; no lan ds an ca n
p ossi bly h ave a p racti ca l
k nowle d e Of g th e rise , fall, dir e cti on , an d stre ng th o f ti d es

in va i r ous lo calities, or Of th e d e pth Of wate r qui d by

m
re re

diff e re n t cl as se s of shi p s d v ari ous circu stance s,

my m
un

l j dgm
er

whi ch with o th e r a tte rs Of f sio n a e n t,

m
an r s u
p o e

re qui re th e dost car e ful cons i b for u d d ci

e ratio n e e so n e

sion s can be vd a rri e at as to h bo urs basi d dock

mq
ar , ns an s,

an d th e i ualificat o ns are i di p ably ce sary f

d to p e v t m
sa e n s e ns ne s or

th e ir con s tan t supe r vi io s n, in or er i tak i r en s es n

th e ir e x e cutio n

Adm
.

But for th e in v i l ty i
e terate b
h a it of th e ra n en

d u i g t ke p e ve ythi
e avo r n o its w h d th ph
e r n gi n o n an s, e s e re

O f a ti c a d th e
on esp nibili ty f th e Hyd g p h
r f
on s O ro ra er O

th e N y w ul d b v y wid ly e xte de d d if i t a d
av o e er e n , an ns e

O fb i g ce n i al ly d u
o cas on t i ly f dt h w an n ce r a n r e e rr e o, e ere

l c d i hi iti w i th th w f ti l
°
a e p pon
p s r per
p os c on e o er O rac a
p
sup e i t d ce a d with th e weigh t f pe al po
r n en en ,
n O rso n re s n

sib ility i t i ,
t po ibl to upp e th at u h
s no ss a e s os s c e rro rs s

th ose whi h h av e tak e pla

c i th co t u ti f th
n ce n e ns r c on o e

h b ur f Al d
ar o ey
O ul d h v e rn c u d dh b e
, co a e o c rr e an av e e n

p v
e rse d i
e re du i g l ng u r n f y a on co rse o e ars .

Agai th
n, l gth d p th a d ar a f d k
as e en d,
e ,
n e O oc s an

b i h ul d b in p p ti t th e hip buildi g d
as n s s o e ro or on o s s n , an

lik ly to b buil t it w ul d b tio al to e tabli h i

o e ra n s s

tim
e e , an n

t a e e cti be tw th e ffi e f th e Di to f
co n n on e en O c O re c r O

W k an d th t f th e Su v y
or s a f th Navy b ut
O u h r e or O e ,
no s c
76 ADMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION
’

con n e cti o n e xi sts b e twe e n dp

th e art m e n ts, an d all th e

m
e

g e n ts ill d vi d to e fficie n c y
m y m
arr an e app ear so -
e se Se cur e

in th e se i p orta n t su bj e cts , th at th e Se e to a g rea t

e x te n t to l
ex
p ain th e r i d
e fe cti e co n di tion v
Adm y v
.

Th e F irst Lor Of th e d v
iralt , e e n wh e n h e l e a es

ffi my ft b ly to a mll d g aw f th ar e O

m im
a O en e on s a e re e e

im
O ce ,

p
e n set e f d t il pp
or an c tl y t i fliO g b ut i e a s a ar e n r n , n

t u th ff ti g th v y f u d ti wh i h u vl
o a on on c o r na a

my wh lly t i d m
r a ec n e er n

up re ac u t b
e n re au t i d ; if h r e s e s s a ne or e

m
s ,

tl y i t th i i t h x t t h l d
f w mth
ar pp a p
re c a e s e p e r o r an ce , e ec s o o
p
ffi ly f d th x f t h
em
a e on an e ns e
o ce on or
p s, e e o e

dy wi g t th v i i g di p ity with u
m
r e o n o e e er -
n cr e as n s ar o r

e igh b u l hi f h vi u B d h orl f t e ac

um
n pp o r, a pa s , re o s oar as e

b hi d it ti u ll y ul ti g b u d whi h pl e a

m
a co n a ac c n r c ac s

ul dil m
n e n,

th m
e n

i i t i i f n a th a n h d h ll a on e one

m d
n s er ;
e p e an ,
S a

he all ow o ur re ar ations still to co n tin ue to fall

m m
p p o r e an

or e b e l ow th e r e y qui re e n ts Of th e co un tr or h on t e

m by
,

o th e r, sh a ll h k ri s v th e e xi ste n ce Of th e Go ent

m
e e rn

in sisti n g v th e y vd a st su to pr o i e t h m
b m
on s n e ce ssar e .

Th e in ci d b qOf la is un pr o fita le u e stion ,

Am y y m
e n ce e an

an d r e sts on th e d i ralt s ste , r ath e r th an on in di v i

du als, h
b ut t d f
ra cti ca l c on si e r a tio n Of the a cts is Of

m
e
p
un sp e a a k bl e i p o rtan ce , fo r th ose facts will b e fo un d to

v i
th at i t y ly m b h vl sica l i ssi le fo r th e su

m d
s
p ro e p p o na a p e

i
r ority of E g d l an m to b e ai n tain e if o ur e ans o f r e p air

m b
n ,

in g an d sup y g p l ifln l
o urdy e e ts, a r e a SO uch e lo w th o se

of F ran ce , d m
are al lo w e y to a in th e wh il e sh e

ym
re as ar e ,

is d ail ki g d dv still farth e r stri in

m
a n es a an ce .

Th at th e e vil is d e e p se a te
-
d is sh o wn by th e cir cu
 DOORYARDS ( CO NT I NUDD —
) BASINS
. AND DOORS . 77

stan ce th a t w hil e F r an ce yp h as uti g b e en th us e arn e stl rose c n

h ff t f i di g th l m t f v l w
t K yh m(i
er e p
or s or rov a n a p e se e e en s O n o e r,

th w b i lud d by th by i th
m
as n a

md ti b f
e ne e a ,
nc e , e ,
n e

thi t y
r v -s e d h lf e n an fb i a a a cre s O as n acco o a on e o re

gi v th
e n as gg g t xt t f ll u b i i ll u
e a re a e e en o a o r as ns n a o r

d ky d ) h b
oc -
ar s, u p d d th l d
as een s yf
s en e , e an n e ce ssar or

ufli i t xt i f th d ky d wh i h h d b
d f l t th G ve mt w
s c en e e n s on o e oc ar c a een

O ff er e o r sa e o j td dh
e o rn en as r e e c e , an as

b ld f
e e n so bui ldi g g u d f u t b v tu lly
or n ro n ,
O co rse o e e en a

u h
rc ed as t v t i a fa t as n cr e a se O co s

b v t t d my b f t tli g tu
p .

Th e f ct a s a o e s a e a e o a s ar n na re ,

an d littl k w
ar e thi
e id no f th Ch n on l b ut s s e O e ann e ,

th e b d ubt th t th y h v l g upi d th
m
r e ca n e no o a e a e on o cc e e

i d f publi m i F d th f will
v y t th m w i f m
n s O c en n r an ce , an e r e or e

co n e o e ti ;no w h i l ne t h i n or a on e e re s

no f ty f
sa e thi u t y if w
or till
s co ti u t liv i
n r e s co n n e o e n

a f l poo s
’
di whi h i d il y b i gi g u i t
ar a se , c s a r n n s n o a re

l ati ly w i ti v y g m t w th y t i fl
E gli h m th
u u

d md th t w h ul d t
ve o rse os on ar or o n
p ; e er en

e n ce n sf en e r e or e e an s, a e s o no

b f i d t k w t uth
e a ra o d ply ff ti g u d th t
no r s so a

th c u t y h ul d vig ou ly pply it lf t th m
ee ec n s, a n a

f
mdy wh d fi i i xi t
e o n r s o or ea s a se o e ns O

re e e re e c e nc e s e s .

Ab v all th thi g it i a y t v i d
ffi i t m
o e o er

de f dm
s s n e ce ss r o e an
p n ro

i i t i g l ff i i th pl a
y t mf th fault a d d faul t
e c en o O a n s er n n av a a a r s, n e ce

O f th p e t vi i u
r e se n c o s s s e ,
or e s n e s

o f whi h c i i fl ct
n o one p i b l s n e
'

e r e s o ns e.
78 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

CHAP . V .

MANNING THE NAVY .

—MEASURES A DOPTED .
.

HAVING se e n th e m an n e r in whi ch th e Adm

i l ty h ra as ful
fill e d duty f p idi g hi p
th e O d f p p i ng th
ro v

m e a y t k p th mfli i t i
n s s, an O re ar e

e ans n ce ss r f w e

it m
o ee e c en

qui wh th th m u
; , n ca s e O ar

ai t d pt d f
m i g th fl t h v b m u ful
re ns o en re e er e e as re s a o e or

ann n e a e een or e s cce ss

b m d
ee .

Ship u l th eys, n e ss bvi u ly dd o

can e an n e , O o s a n

t gth t th u t y d v i u ly gg t d
m m
s re n o e
p co n r u , an as re o s s es e ,

th v l u
e a f y ey tO f v
an l d i si t ti
s e t O na a a n s ra on cann o

b m e orelu iv ly t t d th
co n c s by it e ul t with
e es e an s r s s

m
,

t t th th tw g t t t f N vy
mu t f th f i g p pul ti
re s
p ec e o o es p
,
e
p a re a co on e n r s O a a .

U d ub t dly th
a itim t
se a ar n a

f ll m
n o e e a o n O e o on

i th f u d ti gth b ut th tu l
m
e o n a on O a r e s re n a

x t m
s , e ac

w u t y t d d th b
f am f th c m
p o er a co n ru p can e u er s e en on e n er

se en i g f th d f
or o f it i tn t or e e e n ce O n ere s s, or

th m
O s

in o th w d up
er or a s, g i d by th g v
on e e n s or an s e e o e rn

i g p w f th N y fo u i g th vi f
m wh i umt my d md th full de vel p
n o e rs o e av r se c r n e se r ce s O

e n c rc s an ce s a e an e o

m
se a en,

e n t Of its force s
m
.

A qu
"

furth e r ele e nt in th e e sti on , n ow th at the prin

ci al w e ap on s in v al warfar e m s Of r e cisi o n ,

m
na ar e ar p
p
an d wh e n Sh e ll s will b e uni v e rsall y e p y d lo e ,
is th e
 MA NNING THE NA VY .
-
MEAS URES ADOPTED . 79

e x te n t to wh i ch th e m wh o v
a aila bl for th e
im
sea

m
en are e

se rv i ce Of th e coun tr yi t e s of d g b e train e d
mh ill b pl
n an e r, a
y
to th e use Of th e ar s t at w e a ce di n th e ir h an s d .

A l ar g art Of ht cr e w Of e fficie nt shi -O f war

m m f lly q l
e p e an
p
-

us t n o w cons i st of to th e b e st artill e r y
m
en u e ua

e n , an d far hi h e r g v al ue
in th e pre se n t day attach e s to a
train e d ,
co m p are d with an un tr ai n e an , th an i n ti es d m m
wh e n ru d er w ea p ons an d far infe rior s kill , suffice d to

bi g fl e et to th e y stan d d Of e ffici e n c y
m
n e ce ssar

m m
r n a ar .

Th e en in sh i
p s al re a d y in co i i ss o n woul d Of

b e th e first v
a aila bl in cas e Of wa r , an d th e

m m u t f m
co urse e as

b li h
e sta t th l w hi h th
fl t w ul d b e xp d d t mt th mg y it
p e a ce s u enu s or e n c e s on c e

diti w ul d b f i fi i te im m
ee o e an e o ee e e er enc , s con

on o p t f
e O t h
n i fl u
n o r a n ce ro e n e n ce

it w ul d h v up th ddi ti l f b ugh t t g th
f m
o a e on e a on a orce s

v i u qu t a d m
ro o e er

d il y f th
mt h t g u mt ial
ro ar o s p s e
ar e rs, n co o e n ce ssa r O e

os e e ro e ne o s a er s .

Th xt w ul d b th C t gua d i ti g o as -

d m b ut e h lf b i g f d
e ne u r e so r ce o e e r , c on s s n

ti l y f t ai

m
en re O r ne se a en , a o on a e n O a

ir bl qu li ty
f m im
a e a .

Th w oul d f ll w u ch th e r e v
ai e d wh o h ve b u d th m
en o o s o r e s r es O en,

f tly t lv by i
a l
m
o e

m
er e c r n e n se s
p , p s ec a

t t f w d i f b li d g
m wh h vi g de
cas p u or ar e O c an er

my b dd d th
co e n
g
a re e o en .

T th
ve w ul d e v th le mf ward
O e se a e a e o se sea en o a n

cli e d t j i th

i a g ea t mg y f m
n o e o n e r ser s, o n er e ss co e or

as v lu t
o n e e rs n a rse f duty e er e nc , ro se n O

to th e u t y

Sh ul d th e urce s fail t upply body f m

co n r .

m
o es so o s a O sea en

suffici e n t for th e ainte na n ce Of th e n ation al inte re sts, i t

80 A DM IRALTY ADM INISTRA TION .

w o ul d b i itably e nev y t t t m
n e ce ssar ea u f o re sor o s re s or

f i g th g t c tituti l p i ipl th t v y
m i b u d t v f th publi d f ; but
e n or c n e re a on s ona r nc e, a e er

an s o n o se r e or e c e e n ce

u l th i ubj t h d b v i u ly d l t w i th th
m uld b f d l y di g t
ec a e en re o s ea
n e ss s s p , e

vi f
m
se a e n co e e n orce

f im
se r ce s O on a ccor n o

th e i tp ti t f i t w u l d b
re ss t

m
an c e n p
rac ce O en or

tt m
, o e oo

l t t t t d i fy l t i t t h i i
mi d p d
a e o a p e gou o u or re a e a s c a cr s s .

O whi h v f th u
er O u ese so r ce s o

my b e pl d f m i g th fl t ; wh th up
n c e r a n e en e n ce

e ee

m
or ann n e er

m
a a ce on

v
r e se r es p d
co f osew h f O t i en
p t d o or ce r a n r e se n an

p p
ro s ti v eca dv te g i
an ai t d t e s,
p l dg t
areh m l
nv e o e e e se v e s

t j i
o th
o n N vy e u
pa v l u t or w h w h on th o

d g pp h my b xp t d t u h t th d f
n e e rs o, en e

an er a r o ac e s, a e e ec e o r s o e e e n ce

f th u t y up th p w f th C w toon ll
m by p l mti it i pp t i h d
O e co n r , or e o er o e ro n ca

o ut se a en ro c a a on , s a ar e n n e ac an

e v yer h w g
cas e t th o d t g w uld b if th
re a e a v an a es o e, e

N vy w th e vi g ally ugh t f a d p f d
by u am t l g
a e re se r ce ener so or n r e e rr e

en a

t mt f v u
o r se ar e .

Su h f li g f p fe
c ee n s o w ul d p re r e n ce o O e ra e os a o r

bly i i d i g m t vail th mlv f wh t v

uc n

m
a n n en o a e se es O a e er

dv t g th igh t h ld ut ; th y w ul d i m
'

an a es e r e se r v e s

m ly i fl u th um
a o o e o

b
e n ce f v lu t e n t b t d

f th m
e n se n e rs O
xp o n e e rs

mt ; d h w uld i th
o e e ec e

th e pu

mt f v u bl p lim
on s r O e o en an e n ce o ar se e

os a o ra i y c di ti f
e re u i g th
n ar on on or se c r n e

l u
z ea o svi ser f th ce s wh w ul d b
O o se bt i d u d o o e O a ne er

y l p l mti
n

a ro a

mt i f mva i u ci umt p
ro c a a on

t m
.

Th p e r e se n o en s ro r o s rc s an ce s ar

ti ul ly f v u bl f th i qui y i to u di ti i
th i vitally im m
c ar a o ra e or e n r n o r con on n

s p ta t tt or T h e n
p li t i a l a h i
er . i o c or z on s
 MANNING THE NAVY — . MEAS URES ADOPTED . 81

o ve cas t a d th
r , n e re
pis a ro bability Of sto rm i s soon ar sin g

lik ly t p du e rea t ch an e s in t h b al an ce Of ower

m di v d
e o ro e p
c
g g
i n Europe d h o ul d th e Au t ia i b i e d, at

m mI
a e
s r r e
; n s
p n e

th e sa e ti e tali an un i ty i di l v d ve t
s sso e ,
e n s ar e li k ly
e

to foll o w h e re afte r in Weste rn Europe little sui tab le to th e

d lib
e e r ate re p a ir Of o ur n e gl e cte d g or an isati o n an d a dmi n

i stratio n Be side s thi s, r e se n t for ce is n ot on ly v y

m
o ur

mh
er
.
p
l ar g b ut uc e x ce e ds wha t we li k ly l g t ain

im f
e, ar e e on o

ta in in t d h l d th e r e sult o f q y th e in uir
m m m
e O
p e ace , an s o u

n ot be sa ti sfa cto r y th e lar g b Of in

m
, e nu er en co

i i ss o n w oul d
d u th e b t t ti g p i t wh a ffor -

m
m im
s es s ar n o n e n ce

t o co
e p ov m t If
n ce d fi i i x i t r e en s . e c e nc e s e s on

a subj t ly ff ti g th w lf
ec so f th
n e ar u t y a ec n e e ar e O e co n r ,

th b t i ly th i g gai d by t yi g t l
h ul d i vai h pe to h ide f m
e re can e ce r a n no n ne r n o conce a

f mu
ro lv wh t w
o rse e s, a e S o n n o ro

o th e rs

m
.

Be for e in qui i g i n to th e v alue Of th e easure s n o w in

m m
r n

e xiste n ce fo r a n n in g th e fl e e t, in th e fir st pla ce it ay
be u se ful to r e fe r to th e p e ri o d at wh ich r an ce co F m
m e nce d th o se gr e at e ffo rts for naval p ow e r whi ch we are

n ow witn e ssin g .

Th e gre at war e n di n g in 1 8 1 5 , h ad e sta li sh e th e n u b d

d d v m g d
ispu te n a al pre e in e nce Of En l an , an d th e i ea Of d
mg m
-

any o th e r o we r atte ti to co e te wi th h e r at se a

m
p p n p
was wh oll y ut o l h
Of o ur cal cu a tio n , t at no e asur e s

i my
so

w e re or g ani se dt o re p a r vl h an se ri o us e i s t e e xiste n ce

Of whi ch w as k dg d d
a c n owl e i ll y to r e pl ace

m m by m md
e ,
an e sp e c a

th e practice i pr e ss e n t
of l b so e e ffe ctu a ut il
sytms e wh ich sh o ul preser d v e to th e Stat e th e p o w e r Of

G
82 ADMIRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

m to th e pu lic b d e fe n ce in ti m Of re at

m m
es g
m
se a en

d ange r, by s uch eans as to place th e on a si il ar

duty m m v y m i th e u t y h ul d b e i
to o n

m
, co on e er an n co n r ,
s

u h xt e for d

m
s c e ca re e se s n ce .

O h h
t e t h a d th a k bl
er p f f th e
e re r a e roo s O

m p
n o n

e n or u u e i
o s ity f u s vl r or u Off de d o r na a reso r ce s a or

b y th ul t f th p vi u w
r es s O l g p v t d
e re y o s ar , on re en e an

fi m t i g
e

f ig p w o er wh t w ul d
o tu l l y
en e r n on a o na ra

mth h p l t k f tt m
or e n

se e e o ti
e e ss
p g to b t
as ai O up a e n O n a s e

i i ty n th u til th y 1 8 3 5 wh th G v
mt f th d y i d t u th upp t f th
r or O e se as , n e e ar ,
en e o e rn

o se

d f u di im h mt
or O

l m
en O e a n or er o se c r e e s

wh o uc a o re i ti g t
or n scr na re re n c en en

m
n

m
,

co u grad F e t t
r an ceh g t
o coff t f l
e n ce o se r ea e or s o r n av a

a s ce nd y whi h w fan c u th h i f p di g en n

m m
c no o r ce o n s e c o ce O s

illi uo ns
p il li t
on v i i g
o n s, a ti f
an e er n cr e as n ra o , or o

b i g l ft b hi d i h p l
e n e e n di ti f v l i f i i ty
n a o e e ss co n on O n a a n e r or .

Th it pp ea d
en a if E gl d w ti d f th u di

m
re as n an as re O e n s

p ut d
p
e i c re e h e h a d l
nen e g j y sd th fi t so on en o e as e rs

na vl p w f h
a o vl f w tl y d u d
till m
er, or e na
g era a o r ces ere r re ce ,

d th hip f w i t i d to w t h v
m
an e s

m
s O ar s a n a ne a c o er

h er co e r ce an d co l o ni e s an d to re
p re se n t h er

p w b d j u y igg d du d
w e re se n t for th with
tly di m
o e r a roa

mm d g
, r -
r e ,
re ce

t a i i h d w Li f b ttl
dm
ar

mv b
a e n s, n rea n s e cr e s ne O a e

i l fl g l ft b hi d th m
- -
.

hip a i g
’
s s, so e e en e r n a ra s a s, e e n e

th i l w
e r d k gu (th p i ip l b tt y) ; a d i t d
o er -
ec ns e r nc a a er n ns e a

Of th p i g d e S r ny w hi h i th v yanlif f ffi
d m uv
e n er
g n c s e er e o a e

i t a vy th e duti
c en n , f u hi p fw es a n an oe re s O o r s s O ar

h d t b e x e ute d l wly
a o d wi th
e
p i f
cul ff t f s o , an a a n e or ,
or
 MANNING THE NAVY .
-
MEASURES ADOPTED . 83

wan t of m hi en . T s
p o li c yp e rse ve e dr in for so my e ears,

s truc k vy b h ea low at th e esp ri t de corp s of th e na vy ;

v m
a

b ut e or e se ri ous co n se que n ce s Of this sh ort si h t d

m
en e
g
~

y d i foll owe th e b e li e f it in spir e d in o ur ne i hg

ym m
e co n o , n

b ours, th at th e igh t se cur e th e su y h h w ic we

m
md
ac
p re

ap
p e ar e d rea b ddy w th to a
t t o an f
on , n o a h c an O

m g
e

th e se as l n g h l d by E gl d
SO o d t
e at n an , se e e oo re a

bu d t b b
r en o by h h f w d
e o rne er e n ce or ar

v l timt f th y 1 8 3 5 h av l g b
.

Th e na a a es O e ar e on

d im
es e e en

h l d up t
e dm i ti
o a it ti ra by p on an wh h a a on , e rso n s o ve

w i d ly m e i u d t d th t u i t
s n e rs o o t lik f e m yr e n e r e s s, a e O e co n o

an d fp O f t th
ea ce du ti or f th t v y y
o e re i c ons O a er ea r , n a

g t mu t b t d th bu d whi h w
d up u by th e im
re a ea s r e ar e o e ra ce e r e ns c no

a re f o r ce on
p i u s it y f p er o s n e ce ss O ro

i di g f lf d f
Th timf
v n or se -
e e n ce .

e u h
e orxh ibiti s f w k e w
c an ei on O

m
ea n ss as s n

l l il l h f t th t v y m t w w
m
u

wh i h f m
g y
ar c o se n , or a a er o en e e re
-

g gi g i th qu d upl l li th e co

m
en a n n e a r e a an ce , c ro

p li t i
ca t i
o ns ce r a n t u f t i g
o d p l
e nsy i te th ro en e r n ee n o e

f th ti o d d it p i lly u wi e
er na o n s, r e n

s m
c o n ce r ns O e re es ec a s

ba d th t di ti l p li y f t all tim
n

to a n on e ra ona ai o c o a e n

tai i g a
n n val up i ity
na s e r or

m
.

Th ul t f th e bi d u d i
m u f the i c asi g f th F h vy ; d u
e re s O es co ne ca e a re n
pp se s so o n a

e as re s or re n o e re nc na an o r

h mt
n

t
re r e n c f 1 8 3 5 p ee dily p du d th
en s o se ity ro ce e n e c ss

of im il g i v i u t w hi h h
m
re ss e n cr e as e on o r
a s p ar ro
p ar , c as

co ti u d t th
n n e p o t ti e r e se n e .

I th p
n e uti f thi p li cy i 1 8 4 0 F
ro se c on O p s o ,
n ran ce os

s e ssed l g quad a ar e f li f b ttl

s h ip i
ron th O ne o - -
a e s s n e

e 2
84 ADMIRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

M e di te rran e an , an d we we r e o bli g d e to mi a ntai n a si m i

l ar force , b ut ( l onge r with out lowe r de c k gu th ou h g
ve y m
no ns,

m ed) But wh il th u
-

th e y we re uch u d r n er ann e

fle t f hip F ce t th e mtimdid
. s

i ea i g h

v l k th e ce ity f p vidi g th m
n cr s n er e O s s, ra n a sa e e

t f
m i g th mwith t ai d m c t i l y d xp di
no o e r oo ne ss ea o ro n e ns O

ann n e r ne en er a n an e e

ti u ly f
o s whi h pu p o
or h g v f h vig u and ff t
c r se s e a e res o r e ec

t th e y t mf I Ma itimwhi h h
,

o ipti w i
1 8 6 1 e a h d it mt p f t d v l pmt
s s e O n scr on r e, c as no n

, r c e s os d i ap bl
er ec e e o en , an s c a e

O f fu i hi g th wh l fl t f F
rn s n e c witho e w t i d
ee O r an e cre s ra n e

by th y vi i hip f w’

Th al a m g i d m f p vidi g
re e e ars se r ce n s s O ar .

e i g w t f
r O o r an s e

m fo u w fl t w fi t p v d by p ti l
n an e an s or ro n

se a en r o r o n ee as rs ro e rac ca

e x i e wh
e r e nc th di ut
en t h Sy i q u t i e e r an on

um
p p e s on es

b ugh t u t th v g f w Th wh l b
m qui d t i f th M di t
ro s o e er e o ar . e o e n er

f fl t
t c ta l y m
O sea e n re re o r e n o r ce e e e rran e a n ee

did no u t to m th a 4 000 b ut
o t

ix mth
er in n or e an ,
no

with ta di g th g at u g
s n n y f th
e re r enc O e ca se , s on s

l p d b f th fi t hi p m m i i d f th e pu p
v E gl d f wa t f m d th m
e a se e o re e rs S co ss on e or r o se

co ul d l ea e an or O en, an e en so

d d to m
n n

u g tly l t th w f th hi l dy
f Sy i my f whi h w
r en ne e e e co e e
a cr e rea
p p s O e s s

on th e ast co O r a, v y h t f
an O

m m
c e re er s or O

co p l e e t w en t
,
l y f
er e x t m l
noy i foni q u l itOy re e n e r or a ,

b ut ul d b ai d l wly th t ly ch d

H i th te timy
r so a sca r ce an rea e
co e se
y s o

th fl t u til th
e ee n i i wa pas t e cr s s s . ere s e s on

f th t i f f th hi f th i fl t th t

A dm
O e ca a n o r e se n
p o e p on e
p s s O s ee ,
e

i l Si M u i B k l y wh h i c b
m
ra r a r ce er e e o as s n e e en so

f m
,

u h c ct d with th
co nn e qu ti i g th e fl t
m
e a e es on O nn n ee ,

o e r p c
esi lly ed u ri g th e Ru i a
a w a r n ss n .
 MA NNING THE NAVY .
- MEAS URES ADOPTED . 85

In 1 8 4 0 ( w h i ch p e ri od I co
at m
m an d e d th e Th un d e re r in
th e M e dite rran e a n ) , th e di ffe re n t cap tai ns th a t s tation we re
m m
On

i n th e on th Of A ug ust O ffici a l ly warn e d that we igh t e xp e ct

sh ortl t m in to h osti l e i
co ll si on wi th th e F re n ch fl e e t. At
m
y o co e

th i s p e ri od our sh ip s we r e e sta b l ish e n ts , a n d

ml m i g m l
e ve n
on p ea ce

th e n we we re Sh or t o f co d e n t, ar si n fro casu a i ti e s an

m
e
p
si ckn e ss .S p w b hi d E e in h an ne in l n d to r e i n force t e

d mw mm db t
g s e re gn a

fl e e t, an at th e d ti r a i se h as t-

m
m
en e re g sa e e y e c o uar

to h
stre n gt th ei i
cr e ws Of sh in ssi on .

m m
en s co
p
Th e
fi f rs t r e i n or ce e n t Of th e e n , or ra th e r

m J m
p sea e rs ons so

ll e d, di d
i ll
n ot a rr ve
(
ti th e on th o f si x on th s a fte r

m
ca an ua r

m
y
th e warn i n g wa s ) d i ve n
d 6 it o u n te to 00 e n o n ly.

m
g , an a

Th u s we we re l e t
f f d i e ri o Of s x o n th s e x e cti n

m m
or a con
p p g
ll
tin ua y, ( with sh i p s
l th e d d e n ts Of wh i ch we r e u ce be
m
re

m
co p e

low th e i r b l i ) e s ta lish ie n ts, to in to col si on w th th e

m m
p ea ce co e

m y p m
fl
F r e n ch e e t, th e sh i ll d osi n wh i ch we re fu
m
p p g s y co an n e ,

an d no e an s spar e d to r e n de r th e in e ve r re s e ct e ci e n t.

A d d to wh i ch , it si nce F f l l th a t th e r e n ch we re a war e

m
p ap e a rs u y
f w k d l we re w a i ti n f r ord e rs fr o th e ir
m m k A dm
o o ur ea n e ss, an on o
g y
G be nt to l e th e— i l
to ta e ad van ta ge O f i t
”

B k l y A p p d i m hi R p
ov e rn e na . ra

er e e en h C to d s e or t on t e oa s t -
gu a r

ml m
.
,

This str i ki e xa Of o ur we a k n ess un d e r circu

my
n
g p e

s tan ce s so e xtr e el cri ti cal , to h a ve e x ci te d littl

Adml y
p ap ea rs e

a tte n ti o n o n th e p ar t o f th e ir a t o r at l e as t du d
m mdy d d
ce
, p ro

ea sur e s diffi ul ti f th
Of r e i e th e

d m
no e ; n e , c es or e

futu w h tl ft w y
u h i d by p yi g a

m
e re s or a er ar c n cre as e n

m
re s

Off l g a u ar f e n wh b
th d
g w v wh
er O en en e an er as o e r, o

h d b d th u d t di g f th e y
’
a t ee n e n e re on e n e rs an n O re e ar s

m l ym t d w h w ul d c qu tl y y b k w i
oth o o n se en carr

m h t vi e f v u bl t timy
e p o en an ac

th m
,

t th

am t
e o e e rc an se r c no a o ra e es on

t di g t th e pe e dy upply f
en n o s th y s O se en o e n av on

futur e o ccas io n s .

a 3
86 ADM IRA LTY A DM INISTRA TION .

Th e d m t ti g th sam
n e xt o ccurre n ce , e fact f u

d c di ti with p ct to m w
e ons ra n e O o r

wh ll y u p p
o n re are on on re s e sea en, as

i 1 8 4 6 wh th P it h d qu ti en p e du d r v y
c ar es on ro ce a er

i u m
n ,

se r o i u ds ta di g qui i g ll th ff t f th
s n e rs n n re r n a e e or s o e

dipl mti t b th id to b i g th ffair to a p e bl

Th i timth Adm
es r n e a e ac a e

mv y i u ly
o a s s On o s

i u i l ty b e ca

whi h m
e, e ra e er se r o s

l m
ss e . s

a ar d t th e e qua e igh t h v
co ns u d e n ce s c a e e ns e

m u w d pt d
,

a d tw

f m
n o eas r e s e re a o e :

I th fi t pl
n th D ky d b ttali
e rs a ce , w e ed oc ar a on s e re or

f th d f
or e f th val
e e n ce o l e na ar se n a s .

Th h w v w b k up g i b ut 1 8 5 2
th ugh mt ffi i t it w
ese o e er e re ro en a a n a o ,

f d l d th t th y w
f m wh o
or o os e c en ,
as e c ar e a e ere

v y xp iv d th t th y c
en s e,i t d an a e on s s e o en

mt u g tly qui d f th i
er e

w ul d p b bly b a e os r en re re or e r

m
o ro

d ky d d uti e w h v t g i
m
ene er re a enc es
p p
ro er oc ar g s, e er

igh t
Th dm Of p u ti th d te m i d
g i d o t f m
asu
e se con e re re ca on en e r ne on ,

w a th t th C
s tgua d h ul d b
a e oas r s o e or an se s as o or

ffi i t v f th fl t
im
an e c en r e se r e or e ee .

Thi h w ws f b ly
o d
e ve r
p f tl
as soy i d ee an S0 er e c carr e

ut th t i th Ru i w f 1854 5 l y b tw 2 000
d 3000 m
o a n e ss an ar O on e ee n

bt i d fi omth C tgu d
-
, ,

ul d b

i ludi g my m wh w
an en co e O a ne oas

m
e ar ,

nc n an u h t o ld f
en tiv o e re c o O o r ac e

vi ; d w i 1 8 6 1 ft
ce an l p
no ff u t
n yea a er a a se O o r e en rs,

th m u m
se r ,

i till l y p ti lly li h d
tt m
ar acco e
e e as re s s p on a s .

N thi g f th w d t d th g h t d
m
u

f u i bility to m th
o n ar p er as p e o n e or a e e , o re a e

f i w d i
u til i 1 8 5 2 th Adm
co n e ss o ns o o

P li mt by p
r na an e nav e re a
y e n

ar a ien ffi e rso ns n O i l ty ce , n n e ra

O f th d y i e que a f th ti ue d ab e
n co nse f all
n ce O e con n s n ce O
 MANNING THE NAVY .
—MEASURES ADOPTED . 87

e ffe cti v for th e purpose , appoin te a Co

a tio n s d m
m
e p re
p ar

itte e Of Nav al O ffice rs, v

to in estigate an d conside r th e

bj e ct Of m ann in th vy in all its b e ari n gs an d

m md
su na

bm
g e ,

with ins tructi ons to it such ations as

m d
su r e co en

j to e ffe ct th e gre at Ob e cts th e ir Lo rdsh ips

my m m
a con uce
y
v v
ha in ie w ; el th e o st e ffici e nt eans Of Oh

g m m g
e na ,

tainin g fl
an d re tai ni n for ann in th e e e t, an d

mg y m
se a en

v
i n th e e e n t of an e e r e nc , ra isin g se a en for th e
d e fe n ce Of th e

Cm
Th e mt d m vd
o b
i te e co ll e cte uch e i e n ce , e sta li shing
by d d b all y d t th e re al n ece ssi t th at e xi ste fo r in tro
m m g N
e on ou

ducin g b e tte r s stem for ann in th e i ti f

m
a av n
y y e

m
o

d dv
b ut th e still ore ur ge n t n e e Of isin g e as ures
m m
p e ac e ,
e

for procurin g se a e n i n ti e of war .

Av y b by M P
e r a le h Ch C k e nn e ll , t e re se n t i e f le r
Am y m m
p ape r r .
p
Of th e d
d i ral t , con tain e i nfor a ti on Of th e o st start

g
lin m an d i m
p o rtan t ch ar acte r . Afte r co
pari ng th e fo rces Of

E g dla n F g
an d A
in shi p s, h e to

v m v m m
o e s on sa
n ran ce
y, re

v e Of sh i s h ow e e r i li s a r e se r e Of to

m
se r
p p e en an

m
th e w i ty
h o u t w h i c h th e a r e e re use l e ss logs up o n

d b m
,

d
th e wa te r, if not e s tin e to e co e fue l for th e fir e .

g d
This is th e p o in t o n wh ich th e or an ise r e so ur ce s o f

m g
th e two coun tri e s co e o ut in str o n an d ril o us

m m
p e

con tras t ; b for whils t th e nu er o f se a en in a ctual

se r vi ce on e i th e r si d e is pr e tt y n e arl yb al ance d ,
th o se

he ld in v sh ow g di pa ity startli n th us th e

m( fm
r e ser e a s r :

Office rs an d en exc l u iv ari e ) v t d f

s e o n s o e or se r vi ce

a fl oat in th e year 1 8 52 5 3 we r e
- as foll ows

e 4
88 A DM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

F RANOE

m
.

Sea e n afl oa t

i n b a rracks

B orne in e x cess Of Vo te

To ta l nu m ber of sea m( en in cl u din g 4 5 00 boys)

D iffe r e n ce in fav o ur of F ran c e

Mr Pe nn e ll mh R p f h
th e n qu o te s fro t e e o rts o t e

E qé P l m i
.

u te f l dy f d i
e n ta r e, te n to

m
n ar e SO O a r ea r e e rr e n

h
t h i l y fi d
t e caut f M
o us j i or t O Lan u

m
c
p g
e se a e s, p a re

m
.

i i ll y d d by h C i
utei l y th at to an a t

M i im Af
ec a o s s on se e
p
n a s, s
p e

r e source sff d d by h I ip i t e t on ar t e te r

f ll m
a or e nscr a

vi f m
.

ig l i
o r o u s e x c us o n O fi f h un t t

m
r a en or e se r ce ro

d h o t erf i m l i i g e te tra
”

m
a e, an caus e s, or ro n co n n
g p ,

M . ui n ai s su s u
p as foll ow s

On th e wh ol e , we b e li e v e th at, mk l in g l owan ce for all

m m m
a a

con ti n ge n ci e s, we co u n t o n i n e n tly fit for

m
se a en e
ya

wa r, a n d on b orr o we d, p artly fro th e i n s cri p ti on an d

artly fro m th e r e cru te m
e n t, an d ca a b l e Of r e n d e rin
’
f
fi ci e n t

m m
p p g e

se rvi ce if th e y rl b d i e d wi th th e for We
mg mb
are p ro
p e y e o e r.

i ht un d oub te d ly b e yon d th i s li it ; ut our sh i ps woul d

l m
go

l ose i n a ptitu d e Of e v olu ti on an d in ba tt th a n th e y wo ul d

m
e, o re

g a i n b y th e ad di ti o n Of th e ir nu b e rs, whi ch wou ld b e to fal l

a ga in i n to th e th a t pr od uce d th e ru i n Of ou r fl e e ts u n de r

m
e rr ors

th e E i an d ta ugh t by bitte r e xp e ri e n ce th a t a t sea , as

m(
p ,r e us

o n sh ore , v ctor y i bel on gs to the ar y or fl ee t ) the bes t org a n

i sed, a nd the fi r st
t t i t l
f th fi ld f b ttl I t
m
o p r es en s e on e e o a e .

ust n ot be sai d th a t we a re to co un t as n o th i n
g th e n ovi ce s
 MA NNING THE NAVY .
— MEASURES A DOPTED . 89

wh o h ave li ttl e e xp e ri e n ce , th e m m aste r ari ne rs, an d

°

th e m
m
sea en

a b ov e th e p r ope r n ot i d in th e wh o a re

m
a ge , r s
co p e

ce rta in ly ava i lab l e , bu t th e se ust be r e se rv e d for se r vi ce on

s h ore , i n tran sp orts, a nd i n th e de fe n ce Of th e coas ts.

We h a v e th e n , wi th out r e cu rr i n t e xtraor di n a ry l e v ee s,
mg
g o
'

whi ch sh ould be r es e rve d for grea t e n ci e s , e ffe ctiv e

m m p
e er an
.

b e r, suffi ci e n t to h ave at al l ti o we rful fl eet rea dy

m
nu es a
”
ann e d

docum
.

Th e a b veo e t e d aut e nt c h
e d wi th th e i n n ors

f P liamta y C m m
, ,

ti i i h w th t F
am
ar

f wh m
s an c on O a en r o ss o n , s o s a r ance

h l d i h d a b dy f
o s n an o O se

m
e n, O o

t t d t b i tly fitt d f w D du ti g
'

’
o

um
ar e s a e e e nen e or ar

f mth
e c

m ( xclu i f
. n

t t l b th
m
ro e o a n er e en e s ve o

fli ) w vi g i th (F h ) fl t th i
v x lu iv f m
O ce rs no se r n n e re nc

mi
a ee , e re re n

a i lib e te d e

m l dm
en n r e se r e, c s e O r n e s, ra

se a en, ip t &
an s wh if call d ut

w ul d w ll th t t l um
en, co nscr s, c.
, o, e o ,

o s e b t b ut e o a n er o a o

Up th b t on timt th t e b f m es d it pp
es a e a ca n e or e a e ar s

m ul d be m
,

th t th b k d withi th e e

mti d p i d
a e se en co ar n e

u d n er- en on e er o s

In fortn igh t to
mh
a

In on t to

m
a

In two on th s

T o tal

Su ch is Fa r n ce s r e se r
’
v e Of m en, th eg r e at mj a ori t y Of

mh
wh o a vi g u d
n n er th e p ro vi i s on s Of th e Le é e Pe r v
m
,

an e n te ,
p d i
as se n succe ssion thro u h g th e na vy , ar e

Th e m b e r Of train e d m in F ran ce h as b e en m u ch in cr e as e d
m
nu se a en

s i n ce 1 8 4 9 , to wh ich da te only th e se re turn s we re a de u

p .
 90 A DMIRALTr ADM INISTRATION .

tr ain e d se a m en Th e m
nub er in ve is n e arl y th
m
r e se r

m
. re e

ti es as gre at as th ose in v acti vice TO e et th is

m
e se r .

for ce En lan g d clai th e vice Of th e foll o wing

dm
can se r s

trai n e en

Se a m e n ri 35 7
m
gge rs

Co ast guard wh o h av e si gn e d th e
m
-
en , r
agre e

en t to se rv e in th e na vy

To tal

Th e wh ol e Of th e se m e n ar e un d er en a
g g e m e nt to se r e v
in th e vy by ci C w h a th
vil con tra ct o n ly ; th e

mm
na ro n s e re

f w f f i il y y)
com
O o c g
er u a en r s

m
no o n r
o re p a n e ce ss r a

l i w i th th t T h C t d f
m v coul d ot b with d w without di g i i g
p a n ce e a
g e o as g u re en . e -
ar o rce ,

im
o re o er, n e ra n sor an s n ,

t t i e x te t t t b h f th b li
vice d h a ar di g f a timat leas t a c id bl
a
o ce r a n p ann c O an u or an r e
, p c

mu t f ve ue
se r ,
an z n , or e , o ns e ra e

Su h i E gla d s s v Of t ai e d am! Su h
a o n o re n .

’
n re e r e

f m
c s n r n se en c

h g i dr u
er or an s e ai tai i
e so
g t h h
r ce s u f th or n n n e on o r O e

ud t fl th t v b v d th b ttl d th b !
m
p ro ges a a e er ra e e a e an e re e z e

It will ex c ite n o sur

p ri se afte r thi s state e n t, th at wh e n

v e rs urge n t o ccasio n s, du i yy
m m
on di r n
g th e l ast twe n t e ars,

a tt m pe ts w e re d l y th r e ad f u 11
e to:
1 an ra i
p e or o r 119 0 -

b ttl hi p with out b i g t ll v i ce a t qu li ty

a e s s, e n a a o er n s o a ,

th ul t h ul d h v e b b lute failu Thi i an a

im
e re s S o a e en so re . s s

fl
.

no figu f p h b ut
re O
psl f c
eect f whi
, h g t a s e a , o c a ran

p f w
ro o giv i th
as Sy i ff i
enr f 1 8 4n0 th T hi ti
e r an a a O , e a an

Th e Coa t guar d, m
whi ch b sa id to b e our on l re li a bl e re se rve ,
m m
-

m
ya e
s
y
at th e pre se n t ti
nu b er s j ust se a en e .
 MANNING THE NA VY — MEASURES
. A DOPTED . 91

affai r, an d on o th e r si m
il ar occas ions ; a fact Of sufficie n t

g vity i it lf as ccu i g i th al f a ati de

m
ra se o e ann s O on

m
n , rr n n n

d t f i t xi t i t i ti w b t f
im
p en en or s e
p
s e n ce
e on u s ar o e r, O

still g v ra e r
p t v i w d i l
orati w i th
e t h e fa ilit in s re on e c e

whi h Fr h qui d f late y (by v i t f th

m
u

m
c an ce as a c re e O O e ars r e

l vé t ) f i dl y i h hi w i t h
dm
e e
p er O an e n e
p a g ra
p nn n er S s
”
t i

Th C m m m
ra n e en .

is i u u d i ts q i i w i th u h i

u ual d b a e d f m
e o
p s on u rs e en r es c rr

du t y b ut w e t i g th e

u u d by th e Adm
s r , as as s e rr ro n er n on

whi h h d b i l y i
m gi g th ubj e t ; d wh th R p t w p e
co u rse c
p a e en a t rs e r n

an a n e s c an en e e or as r

t d h g f G v mt h d i t v d d a
w Adm
se n e , a c an e O o e rn en a n er ene , an

i l ty h d u d d to ffi e
m md d va i u im m
ne ra a s cce e e O c .

Th R p t e e or r e co
p v een e te
s w i t h r o s ro n

re s
p tect th e a vyo d u i g p e cn a d i ll y th a e,

m
r na n
p es ec

m
e

e x te ns ion Of th e i od Of th e e nt Of

mfi
p e r
g g
a

i h my h
en e se a en

fro ve to te n y e ar s, whi ch ch an g e, wt an o t ers,

w as carri e di n to e ffe ct

md
m m
.

Th e r e co en a tio n s o re
p a rticular l y r e la ti n
g to

mig ann n th e fl eet wh e n i n a sta te Of war, we re as fol

l ows
Fi r st That m eas ur e s sh o ul d k
b e ta fo r ca lli n g o ut

mi mg y
en

m
.

se a en n clas se s, in ti e s of e er e nc .

S e con dl y Th at l ar g fo r ce h ul d b e r ai se d Of sh o rt

y t mf t
. a e s o

se r vi ce p e n sio n e r s in co n n e ctio n with th e s s e o en

y e ar s
’
e n tr y , as p ro
p ose d i a v y bl p p by M
n er a e a er r .

Pe nn e ll th e b ta f wh i h w e ti ly upp t d as

f m
su O c n re

m
n ce s

m
,
s or e

by th C i tte e , an d d th p i ipal f tu f
m
or e e r nc

f th Adm
e o ea re O

i ts re po rt in fulfil e nt O i al ty i t u ti
e t r ns r c ons o
92 ADM IRALTY A DM INISTRATION .

su bmit re co m
md en a tions for o btai ni n g se a m en for th e
c ou t y i
n r n th e e v e n t Of war .

Th e first Of th e se su e sti ons do e s no t a to h a v

mm
e ar
gg pp e

b een for a o e nt e n te rtain e d . Th e Se con d w as su

p
ed to b e to a ce rtai n e x te n t a do t d b ut i t
m
p os e
p , soo n

fe ll to th e gro un d , an d h as b een in e ffe ct al o st wh oll y

in ope rati v e .

In 1 8 5 4 , th e Ru ssi an war affor de d a new ra ctical te st Of

m v N val A dm
p
th e v lu e of th e eas ur e s Of succe ssi i i
mi my y du i g
a e a n s

tr atio ns fo r ann n g th fl e e e t, afte r so an ear s r n

w h ich o ur d e fici e n ci e s h ad b ee n
p ub li ly a d Ofli i l l
c
y n c a

v
a o we d .

It is scar ce l y o ssi bl th at w coul d v

m
p e an
y ar e er occa

si on so littl e stre ss on o ur re s o urces . We had a

p l e

k n o wl e dg e Of th e pro b bility Of a t re e ar l yi 18 53
m
ru u

m
a n
p
wh e n y was se n t to th e Bo sph or us in th e autu

m
an ar

m
, n

it a o un te d to a ce rtain t y , an d th e cir cu s tan ce s w e re

su ch th at it w as e n tir e l y at o p tion to ch o o se th e

m
mm
o ur

mm o ent for i ts co e n ce ent . B e yon d all thi s , whil e

th e alli e dfl eet in th e M e di te rr an e an w as a bl e to bl k up
oc

th e Ru ssi an s in Sb a sto l in th e Bal ti c wh l

m
e e re a
p ;
o , on e an
y
ddi ti l v l f w ul d b
na aqui d thor ce yw
m
on a o e re re e ene

m
a , as

h l d f t by th i
as d i p b l ef k i g
ce an th l l t
n ca a e O a n e s a es

mv mt u til th d f Ap il b gi i g f M y
e

n e en O r or e nn n O a

im
en

F mll th f t it i pp t th t
o e , .

ro a e se ac s ila v t
s a ar e n a no s r e en

v b xp t d h ft t giv u h p l g d
m
e re a er e s c a

m
can e er e e ec e o ro on e

w i g f it h d t i ll l h l ti
tio s t mt it v
arn n pp o s a u a ro ac an s e ss, s c e
p , e

fo p p re ara nafte r th e ru tu e
o ee h al l e en
r p , r s

h ave actuall y tak pl en ace .

 MANNING THE NAVY .
— MEASURES A DOPTED . 93

N e ith e r we re th e cir cu m stan ce s le ss e xce ption al with

r e sp e ct to th e v ry md
e o erate a m o un t Of qui e d
fo rce re r

to e n co un te r it, an d th e rfe ct cu i ty w j yd
mh mt vul
e en o e
p e se r

fro t e
po ssi bility Of attac s k wh e re w e ar e os ner

abl e .

In th e first y e ar Of th e war , a s it h as b een O b vd

se r e ,

n o t o n e ad diti o n al shi
p w as w an te i n th e e di te rr an e an , d M
fo r th e quad s r on alre a dy
th e re uni te wi th th at Of ran ce , d F
co n s ti tu t d e an alli e d for ce far sup e ri or to th e Ru ssian fl e et ;
an d in th e se co n dy e ar , wh e n th e Ru i ss an ship s w e r e de
str oy d by th i w h d th
e e r o qu dn an s, e M di t e e rr an e an s a ron

w asl g ly ar du d d the m tu d v t i t
ce an

i m i g th B l ti fl t
re e se a en rn e o er o ass s

By th timth Ru ia fl t at C
n an n n e a c ee .

ta dt w t as

by th b ki g up f th i a m
e e e ss n ee r ons se

f ll qu d
m diffi ulty w ady t di put
e re a a s a ro n

ll t d wi th im
re e n O e ce , s

co ec e e n se o s e

m
c , as re

tt t f t h R u i t h th d th an e

um
a e O e se a
an y p a ; e s s an s o re c

i l i f i i ty f u qu d
e r ca n e r or w u t b l d ron as co n er a an ce

by th p w d iv d f mte mth e Ru ia fl t b i g
n O o r s a

m
e o e rs er e ro s a ,
ss n ee e n

d f ili h i
Fr mth e i um
co p ose g O
p sa n s s.

ta f th Ru i f s b i g

w lim
o c rc s n ce s O e ss an o rce e n

co n fi d t th ne o it f th Bl k S
e n arro d th s O e ac ea an e

B l ti
a t l y w th l tt th o l y qu t i whi h
c, n o on as ye a er e n ar e r n c an

w f w qui d but w h ad xi ty wh te v r

m
m
ne o r ce as r e re , e n o an e a e

wi th ct to o ur own co asts , o ur o ur

m
re s e co e rce , or
p
col oni e s, Ob e ctsj whi ch un d er an
y o th e r cir cu stan ce s,

w oul d co ns ti tute SO v ry h vy bu
e ea a r th e n on our na vl a

re so ur ce s for th e ir pro te cti o n TO such . an e xte n t in

d d ee w as y
th e se curit Of th e se in te re sts h e l dt o be ce rtain ,
 94 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

th at our shi ps Of war we re a ctuall y re call e df ro m fo re ign

stat o nsi with out b e in
g re li e vd e ,
to furn ish th e Baltic fl t ee

wi th cre ws, wh il e th e wh ol e Of o ur r e se r v e s, consistin g of

b e twe e n 2 000 an d 3 000 coas t gu ar ds m e n , an d 3 00 or

m mf h
-

4 00 ri gg w e r e ta k to th e last t e

mp p Th m g h
se a en e rs, en an , or

to et er i h 3 00
wt 00 4
m h m f md h h l b f mh
m
sa e ur o se . e se en , or

e rc an t se a e n, or e t e w o e nu e r O se a en t at

ld b
co u b i d d h e e O ta ne an t e cr ws we r e m p d i h
co l e te w t
l d m h ll y
,

an s di ip i d
en dw o i un sc l ne an un tr a n e d , b ut o win g
to ll i
a n e x ce f i d
e n t se l e ct o n O capta n s , an to a c e rtai n

m
ro
p
p i v g
o r t o n o f se a
h b p li d en a in e e n su e to e ach Sh i
p, th e

m
p
fl b gh
ee t was v t to ar a ti sta te Of e fficie n c y
mh
ro u a co
p e

uc h ld h v b
soo n er i i t an cou a e e e n an t c
p a te d ,
so th a t by

th e l atte r end Of 1 8 5 4 , it was tol e ra by

l p re
p are d for
a ctual se r vi ce .

N o twi th stan di n v y e x e rti o n , th e shi w e re v y

y d pat h d f mE gl d d m f th m
g e er
p s er

sl owl es c e a y ro n an ,
an n O e

s ail d ie a d pl bl t t f i fli i y Si Ch l
n e or a e s a e O ne c e nc r ar e s

N pi i hi C m
.

i g i th B l ti d i b i
g phi t mth qu li ty f th m m
a a a n e a c, e scr es n
er
p n s n

i g th
f my hi p
c er e co os n e
ra s
p a o e en

cre w s O f hi fl t ;
an d th s S i s O s ee an e e n or

S L d Si M u i B k l y wh l tt h qu t
th e Adm m md d it i th m
ea or ,
r a r ce er e e , ose e e rs e o e s,

ri v l i l wh h ti
m i whi h h l mt th i ffi i y f th hip
a s ra o co an e n e e a c
p
ann e r c e a en s e ne c e nc O e s s,

m
n

d dil t th l t b kd w f w h t h e

y t m whi h i
an a e s on e co e e re a o O a SO
p n

j u tly ll u
s ca s tt o r roth byen s e
”
c s n ce en

m
s ,

th b y h b i t l t d i v d I
m
e e, as een n n o re s ec a or ro e n
p p e re .

h is pl ace in Parlia e n t, afte r th e cl o se Of th e wa r , Sir

M auri ce , full Of th e vivid re coll e ctio n of h i s di fficultie s
 MANNING THE NAVY .
—MEASURES ADOPTED . 95

a n d anx i e tie s , in for m ed th e House Of Com

m of o ur

m
o ns

utte rl yi n e fli ci e nt state w ith r e s e ct

p to th e power Of an

n in
g th e fl e et . We we re at th e e n d Of our te th e r,
”
he
sai d , an d if we h ad h ad a na al v war, h e di d n ot k w no

wh at we sh o ul d ha v d
e on e .
”
But this as to u di g
n n

d eclar ati o n was h e ard with p e rfe ct in iffe re nce , an d h ad d

m
e ffe ct e i th e r o n Parli a e n t o r on h is coll ea ue s in

m d d i hi
no
g
v g e n tin th e dy e asure a op te wt fe w
N m m m
n a a
p re s

Of thi s h b
s
p e ec
y B .d 0 e er Of an o ar h as o re

y dv
e ar n e stl d h y i i
o ca te d t n e ce ssit of

vi l m
a e o ur
re
p a r n
g e

fe e ts in thi s S M B k y
ta atte r th an ir auri ce e le an d

mm m
er ,

it will b e b d th at for e r o ccas ion he

m
re e e re on a re

sig d ne h B db
hi s se at at m t e o ar e ca u se or e e ffe ctual ea

d d we re v ll hi
n ot a y t e rth e l e ss, a s anx ie t

mdy d iki
sure s o
p e ; ne on

th e bj l d su e ct e to no re e , an a str g p
n ro of is
d d by
affo r i h d l y
hi s fa lur e , t
p at th e ifficu t lie s in th e h o
y m
e e

le ss in e f
fi y f ci e n c n th e s ste r ath e r th a in th e faul ts of

g v mm m
o ,

vd l h
th e in di i ua s w o a t any i en ti e, ay co p o se th e

B d
W ll m
o ar .

e ll a
p b li ust l h re co e ct th e u c exu tatio n at t e

spe ctacl e p re se nte d at th e re i v

e w of th e fl eet in 1 8 5 6 ,
whi ch was d ubte dl y o of g at i t t d pl
un

d u ; it was h w v th t f t m
o ne re n e re s an s en

fl t i it i f y
y xagge t d pi i w f m
o r o e er a o a s ea ee n s n an c ,

a d a v
n er e d f th aval ra e O n on as or e O e n

w i t e ted T h f
re o i ste d Of f ur t
r se n e o r ce c ns o
p o erp . e en

hip f th li e six block hi p twe lv fii gate d b ut

1 5 0 gu b at a d m
s s O e n ,
-
s s, e s, an a o

n rtar v
- — ls ; th e c w we
o s n o esse re s re on

th wh l e f i f i
e o qu li ty d had b
O wi th th
n e r or a , an e en e

g t t di fficul ty sc pe d to ge the duri g a c u f tw

re a e s ra r n o rse o o
96 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

yea s r , m
th eb nu b mde up by du i g
h a ing
er v e en a re c n

qu d by th e cr w f v l h ip
fore ign statio n s, se e ra s

m m
s a ro ns on e s O s

t h fo th M di t a d i t al i lu d d n so nc e

m
se n o e r e e e rr an e an ,

th l t w e h ad i v ; till afte all th wh l

m
r e o e

m
e as an n re se r e s ,

g t u b i l udi g fli a i d b y ; r n e s, an o s

m d
a er nc n O ce r s,
a
g g
re e n

ly u t to Th ge e al xult ti
md t d by the fl ti th t
on a o n e e n r e a on

s h ul d l
o h v be
a so a e en o e ra e re ec on a

thi f s h d ot b
o rce a
p d u n d u til t l t
e en t i fl u ro ce n oo a e o n

e n ce th w whi ch h d
e ar ll d it i t xi te a Ev y ca e n o e s n ce . er

o th erf li g h w v ee n i l ki g b ko e th
er v t
n oo n ac on e se e e n s,

is a b bdi w d sor e d n g t t thon u e r an

p u u d re re a e co rse rs e

i p yi g ff a l g
n a n O um b f th ar h ip th m
e n mt er O e se s s, e o en

th e re vi w w v e Th w as h ad giv
o er . u th mt e ar en s e os

co n c lu i v p a tical
s e x
p i
r c f w h t h d eb e r e n ce O a a e en so

t d
ea e l y d l d a d p
e l i m
or e d by t h e g f th ro c a e or an s O

fC m m du i g u f tw ty
re p p n e

B d i th H u
o ar n e o se O o on s r n a co r se O en

y ar it ff d d ta tli g p f f th e ab lute ulli ty

e s : a or e s r ro o o n

m
n so

o f ll tha all e xp di
e s t t mdy a il e en s ly o re e ev so n e ar

th total w t f m
n

ff ti g th u t y w lf
’
e an O e an s

m
a ec n e co n r s e ar e , as

f m i g th fl t i w ; d th e was th h ti
f th m
or ann n a

m
e ee n ar an re e e c
p
d l e c ar ati on O b f th B d wh h d w k d
th d p tmt wh il e th w
e e er o e o ar o a or e

e e ar en l t d th at th i ff t em ar as e , s e or co

arati v l y t ifl i g as it w h d u tt l y xh u t d u

l a t v il bl e s m
p e r n e as , a r e a s e o r

s a a aa ; v th l ea th n vi w w ne er e e ss, e re e as

s car ce ly v b f e thi f o er w
e or ckl ly du d s o rce as re ess re ce ,

with u t i gl t p h vi g b tak by th A d
m
o a s n e s e a e en en e

mg cy ! O th t y
n

i lty t p
ra id f futu
o rov e or re e er en n e co n ra r

d f u b t m w tu d ad i ft u d
,

th u sa n

i cum
o s O o r es se a en e re rne r n er

c r ta s of p culi
n ce s gg v tio f e l g ar a ra a n, or so ar e a
 MANNING THE NA VY — MEASURES AD OPTED . . 97

m
b Of m of th e m i i q li y h d b
o st nfe r or ua t

m
nu er en a ee n

e n te r e d by th th ough tle ss i li i f h l ca t on o t e ne w ru e

ym h m
, e sa
pp
of th e t y ’
e n tr y t h h
at t h on l w t

i d m
en ears , e e n on o e

r e du cti o ns co ul d fal l co ns ste f y f ost un ortun ate l

m
o o ur

b e st sea wh o h ad b bro a d wh e n th e ne w rul e

mg
e n, e en a

was pro ul a te d an d h ad not e t a cce t d th v

in i tation
mk
y e

m
p e

m
,

to e n te r for te n y Th e se ne w th e ir i

m
e ars en

y m
. e nse

v a lu e are d wi th th e d clas s o r di
m
co p se con n ar sea en

wh o h ad th us b all w d t fill up th e b f
t bli h mt
een o e o nu

h m
e rs o

th e pe a ce A l t of t h d
mf mf
es a s en ar ar
.
ge
p e a

arri vde ho e ro o re i n statio n s

g afte r an bs a e n ce of

th re e or four ye ars, an d in ste a d Of b e in

g p ai d ff o in a

wee k h ad b tu rn e d o v to th e Balti c fl t d w
Th y ubm
,
een er ee an e re

k t vi g till th e e n d of th e war i tt d to
m
e se r n e s e
p .

th e ity f th with th e ut o st ch ee rfuln e ss an d

by f th mt ffi ie t
n e ce ss O e case

g d fe e li n g, an d as th e yw
m f th m
oo e re ar e os e c n

en o tl y
e ew oth y w ll k w th
e lucr f s, so e e ne e va e o

th e ir se r vi d f lt with th g
ce s, an t t bitt r h w littl
e e re a e s e n e ss o e

th e ir l v lu w
re a u d
a t d e r th i i te t
as a d n e rs oo , o e r n re s s c re

for
m
.

It is un d e rsto o d th at Sir M auri ce Be rke le y wh o

mi g h fl
, on

h ad fal le n th e wh ole bu r th e n Of ann n t e e et du i g rn

th e war , an d wh ose Opini on t h f d vd h

e r e ore e se r e t e d p t
ee es

a tte n ti o n of hi s g
coll e a ue s , m r ly
ost e a n est p ro tes e t d i n

wri tin g a
g ain st th ese r e ducti on s , b ut th e y we re n e v e rth e l e ss

A v for ce , e n titl e d th e Naval Co ast Volun te e rs

m
re se r e ,

h ad b e sta bli h ed by A ct Of Parlia e nt in 1 8 5 3, b ut

m mi g
een s

its utili t y as a e an s of ann n th e n av

y w as en

H
98 ADMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

vi to

m
se r ces a

dis tan ce of 1 00 leagues fro th e coas t of th e U ni te d

K in gd m Th bout 7 000 mn ow ll d
um
o . e re are a e n e nr o e on

th o se co n i tio ns d wh t th cou t y a v y l g

um
o co s e n r er ar e s

a nn u all y an d th b t b li k l t b
m
o e

m
,
e n
pp er y a o ears e e

in cre as e d to with ut difi ti f th t ca on o

d thi lim
o e er
y o an s

o f e nro l m e n t as r it ti f di ta c l th gh on o e, a ou

R y l Co m
eg ar s s a s n

th e m i i f 1 8 5 8 p i t d u t th t thi lau o n e o a s c se

d d th m
o a ss on O

u l f th fl t

t y f m
ren e re e se e ss or e ee .

It w ul d b w ll t put
o e t p t th
e o a s o o e en r o e n on

thi diti
s co n d t d v u t i d th
o n, a n o en l eady o r o n u ce ose a r ea

ll d t ag t wh d wh v
m
e nr o e o re e o se rve e n e v er an er e er re

q ui dre by g tu ity ; th a ra w h o t d w ul d
e en o c ns e n e o

f m t l t w hi h w ul d b e adde d ll th
l th mlv
a sec a o
a ra e ss , c o a ose
or p
wh m i gh t h f w d bu t t ti

um tt m
o e n ce o r ar e nr o e se e s, o co n

u t dd t th b th p i th w
i g w y public m y
n e o a o e n er on e re s e n er s s ro

a Thi u wo ne p p d by s co rse as ro o se

md Ed wh C m
n a

Cm
.

t ll f th o C o tas o ro

lmt f th f
o o o re pen, er o e as

gu d w ch g d with th as ar e d e e nro en O e orce , an

it i t b h p d h m
ar

s o e y b o b l
e t i d ue h i all g u e a e o n ce s co ea es

t th Adm i l ty t ff t th i h g f th ugh th

R yal C m m
a e ra o e ec s c an e, or o as e

i i b v th co t v lu te ot

my tw
o s s on O se r

t xp t t m u
o es e as o n e rs ar e n

hip xcl u iv l y
am
sea en, e e cann o e ec o an o r s s e s e

with d a du p p ti
e n, an f t v lu tee ro or on o coa s

f g eat v l ue i tim f w
se o n e rs

w ul d b
o e o r a
p t O f a hn e o ar as a ar e c

N ow th e y ar e qui t with ut v lu
e o a e for mi gann n th e

fl e e t, as sh ip s r e s r c e t i t d t 100 l agu e s Of th e coast woul d

m
o e

be al o st worse th an us e l e ss ; a n d sin ce e v en thi s se r vi ce

 MANNING THE NAVY — MEASURES ADOPTED . . 99

ca n be btai n e d onl yi rea t e mg e n ci e s, in all o ur e x

md fli
O n g er

tre e du i g th Ru ian w no o
i cul ti e s ve r n e ss ar, ne e r

th ugh t f th
o N val Coas t V lu te e rs as a eso u
O e a o n r r ce ,

ex ce pt as su
ppl yi g a v e ry fe w v ol u te e f ge n a l n rs or ne r

se rvi ce

m Adm
.

Th e i l ty to p vid the
o st r e ce n t e ffo rt o f th e

u t y wi th e am to m th igi f m
ra ro e

avy too k it

Roy l C m m
co n r S en an e n ,
s or n ro

th e i ia f 1 8 5 8 whi ch w u d up it
o ss on O , o n s

i qui y wi th l b at R p rt i 1 8 5 9 ; b ut a u ual
que ti of Adm i l ty adm
n r an e a or e e o n , s s ,

th e s on i i t ti i cti
ra n s ra on n co nn e on

with th ubj t at i u
e s waec s accou t to b ss te red
e, s on n o n e en

u
p d thi
o n , an i t i u d t sd w th s dit
n i w h i h
e rs o o as e co n o n on c

th l f h i q i y w g d t d g i
m m
p pe ro t o sa u or a e as r as re e o , an a a n

u u l th Adm
n

s a , i al ty whi h h ad i titut d th
e r i i c ns e e co ss o n ,

h ad l e ft office wh e th R port h ad to b e ca i d i to n e e rr e n

Th e C m
m i ssion, in th e first pl ace , re co m
md d
m m ml
o en e a

v a ri e t y Of i e n ts in th e con di tio n o f sea en a

mi h k
rov e
p
re a dy se r vi g i
n n th e na vy , an d as p ro ot o n to t e r an

Of warran t o ffice rs h ad for tw e nt y hi y y

t d
rt

mf m i
or e ars ceas e

to b e a ge n e ral Ob ect of
j d e sire to ce rta n

m
se a e n, ro

l ti which in e res e cts l d hi p p t e cts

m gd
re
gu a o ns so
p p ace e r ro s

b e l ow th o se of th e p e tt y Office rs, th e Cm i ssio n ur

mv l
o e

th e qu ti
of Th
th e giv
v l u ble an ce s in

imm Adm
re o a r e es on . e se a a

ugge ti w e di ate ly a d pt d by th i l ty
app i tm e t f th e C mm
s s ons e re o e e ra

whi ch h ad cti e d th i i n
b fo th e p e t ti of th f m
san on e o n n O o ss o ,

al Re p t

h m
e or or

Th e m
e re re s n a on .

i pa t f th i a n e h w v r whi h w
o e r sc e o e e r, c as

v y labo ate ly de tail d wa f und d o th p i ipl f

er e r e ,
s o e n e r nc e o

a 2
1 00 A DMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

t ra n in
i g up b y in n auti cal b l sch o ols , so as to b e sui ta e

vy th m h t vic
o s

ith f th d f bi d e rc an se r e , an O n

by i d tu t f m e v f th vy i
e

i g th m
e er or e na or

a r se r e or e na n

ual p ymt
n e n en re s o or ,

id ti f t i d v tu al
It m
e ra on O ce r a n an n a en s an e en

dv t g i th f mf p i
cons

y b d ub t d e ns o ns a e o e

h mw ul d h v fulfill d ll th t w
a an a es n e or O .

w h th e th er e sc e e o a e e a a as

t d f i t b ut i t w v ut t th t t f th or e

mt u d d th h m f th
o e es
e x
p ec e o , p as n e er ,

h g f G v o o e rn en o cc rr e an e sc e e o e

m
an e

Cm
c ,

i i w t r i d ut
By f th mt im
o ss on as n o ca r e o .

ar
p e t t p ost f th R ep t w t
or a nhi ar o e or as s

gg ti th t b y h ul d b t ai d l g l
m
su es on a o s s o e r ne on a ar e sca e

by th u t y with th Vi w f p vidi g
qu lifi d lik f m h t hip
e co n r ,
e e o ro n se a en

hip f w d it
f thi p i iple w m
a e a e or e r c an s s or s s o ar , a n

i t th d pti u t l k f
m m
o e a o on o s r nc e oo or

m
s

im
s

p v ro t i
e th en s l fn u e d f t h
or a e o o r se a e n an or e

b ki g d w f th ld p j di
By u h m l
re a n o n o e O re u ce s .

th l f th u hb d
mb m m ca be md th ugh
s c e ans a o n e can ea e c ass o or o
g re s

ai tai e d i s n ce no

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en e n n an n a e a o ro

m
,

se a a wh h n ot b o as n e en ro e ca n ro

b yh d d wi g t th p l f th
oo an o n vig ti l w
o e re ea o e on a

i d by mch a t hi p wh il th
o , na a s

f w b y
e o ws ar e n o carr e

vy b d up o l y uffi i t um
er n S s, e e

na re e s nb t fill up it w
a s c en n er o s o n

v a ci as th y o cu
ac n es e c r

h m f th Ro yal C m m
.

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a d p te d b ut it i m
s ar o e sc e e O e o ss on as

l t b o t arn tly t b h p d

mm
a s o no een s os

m
e es o e o e

my b
,

th at il with d i i si V e w,

m
ea sur e

mdi
m
so e ar en s n a e

i e ate l y carr e i d by l g i
o ut i h t e nu

md d by h bl ffi
a n cr e as e

m
ar e n

b e r of tr ai nin g i
cru s e rs , co t e st o

m
an e e a ce rs,

for duty a c n
p i bl
o ssy d h i f i i
e x ce e t ortan ce o tra

im
no

h m b m
n n
p g e

b oy by th ou a
s s n s, d w h o d g d ay 11 a S ort t e e a e oo
 MANNING THE NAVY — M EASURES ADOPTED .
. 1 01

m an d qui d f th
th o s e n ot r e vy w ul d b e

S pp i g u h y t m
se a e n, re or e na o

re a dily t k by hip w a en s o n e rs . u os n s c a s s e

t b g i d wi th tal t d c i d ut with c u i o s s

m
o

m
e or an s e en ,
an arr e o

t th t i t t l t w l d f ll w i i d f a O

mu f m
enc
y e os u u
or a n o o o n
, p re s s

i g th vy f th se lad w ul d y
tmt
o carr

th mt f v u bl
eas re s s

with th m
a or nn n e na , or e

e e os id f th t o e re a en

d w ul d th mlv
a o ra e ev e nce

i hi p fw t t i f li g ee n s

f tt h mt wh i h w uld p
n s s o ar , an o e se es en er a n

t wi th g t f u
p o rce on

m w qui d f th vi
o a ac en c o o e ra e re a

a ll i
o ccas o n s wh en en e re re re or e se r ce .

Th a f t h i
e a rance R t w f ll w d by as so o n o o e

m
e
pp p o s e or

th pl d by th t A d i l ty f i i g a

m u d th titl f Roy l N v l
e ano se o r ra s n
p p ro
p e r e se n ra

v f
f wh i h th A dm
a a

th t m d
re se r e o e n, n er e e o a

V lu t di ti i c e

l ty publi h d i th m
o n e e rs , e er s an co n o ns o

i ddl f 1859 di d t giv an n or er o e

m
ra e

m m
s n e e o ,

l ti t i q i i t t h di ti th y on s e

m
sea en a e u e o c n o e on

m
p n re

w i vi t d t t t h l t w t t co

m u til th l t J u y 1 8 6 0 i th i t imth
e re n ce o a ce as n o o
p ,
e e nr o en

mhi y f th
e n ce n e s an ar e n er

f S m
n

R gi t d l l th e

m
ner o

B d f T d i i t d li g with m h t
e s rar o ea e n, an a e ac

m
se a en,

m
o ar o ra e n s ea n s e r c an

w ley d i b
o i g i g th l b e f th i or e e

th mt f v u bl m
as p e n
p p o
r n n e ro sa s n

e os a o ra e ann e r .

Th V l u te w t u d t k t i th u t y
’
e o n e rs e re o n er a e o o n e co n r s

e vi wh ce ll d up by H M j ty i
ca f o

mg y f p i d f t m th th y
s r en e on er a es n ca s e

e er en c , or a er o o no ore an re e e ars,

u ln e ss th h ul d b
e re s t l w
o ; b u tei thi
ac u a a th y ar n s c se e

w ul d b li bl t b
o e a t i e d i th
o vi e ly f tw
e re a n e n e ser c on

y l g duri g whi h timth y w ul d

or o

e ar s on e r, n c iv xt e e o re ce e e ra

a
p y .

In or d er to b e alwa s y wi th in re ac h th e yw e re b oun d
1! 3
102 ADMIRA LTY ADM INISTRATION .

to fin d m ym l e nt o n th e co as ts , in sh ort vy o g a es

mv
or
e
p o

ce rtain d cifie coun trie s , an d to pre se nt th e se l e s

m hippi g m
to

m b
p
s e

ev y six o n th s e fore as te r ; th e y
m di v y g
er so e s n

w e re n ot to en g g a e in o re sta n t o a es wi th out
ial le a v q
an d i d t th e d y w
g
whi h m
e c ; e u u e re re re o n er o
s
p
tw ty igh t d y d ill each y du i g
igh t
’
en -
e a s r r n e ar , c

b di vid d i to v al p i d h ul d it b p fe d e re rr e

d du i g th e timof th i d ill th y w
e e n se er er o s s o ,

to b e Vi c

d fu i h d with l dgi g me y
an r n e e r r e e re

tuall d p id
f hi p m
e , a , an rn s e o n on .

I id ti i to fulfil th di ti
h mw umf 6 l a
n cons era on o s ro se e se co n o ns ,

to i ve u l s a re

tim
e ac an as a re ce an nn a s o .

tai e ; d it i ate d th at th t f hi t ai i g

m
n r an s es e co s o s r n n ,

v i i l d g i g y t av lli g e x p & on e e e n se s , c

t 6l m
s o ns, r n
p y p
a , ro o n ,
.

w ul d
o co s . or e .

Th p i v dv w i f 1 2 l
an um
t t
f m
er
p e e ro s e c a g e a p a an p as e ns o n o .

f lif aft th f ixty wh at v

tim e he m
n or ag e er e e o s , or ro e er

i gh t b w ut i g th i t b th
m
upp e orn o , s os n s o e e cas e

at an li ag ear
p v i
erd d h e h a de, b ro t ai ti e ee n a ce r n e

oll d i th f
qui d xc pt f e d mf m
e nr e e n e orc .

Th l y qu lifi ti
b dil y i fi m
e on a ca on r e re , e e re o ro

ity w th t h h ul d h ave b t e fi e

m bl eam high t d d
o n r , as a e s o e en a s a v

ye a f th —

f m wh
rs, on e o e as an a

ti g i m
e s an , no s an ar ,

taki g th e clas w h l d thi

d l ki g t th m
n s o en o no o s ra n n er

ch t hi p u t f kill i gu y
qui d to m m it
oo

t m
an s s an n o e a o n o s n n ne r

k e ffici fw
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c th m t m
-e

m
s e en a en a s r n ear

p l a e e
a t i l l
noy i a dv f u
er at ai d n an ce o n r ne en,

u l th y h pp
n e ss et b c ll d a f en vi j u t afte
o e a e on or se r ce s r

th e xpiratio
e f tw ty igh t d y t aini g
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r n .
 MANNING THE NAVY .
—MEASURES ADOPTED . 1 03

Al th o ugh th e R y l N v l V lu te e w ul d be ce s
m
o a a a o n rs o ne

saril
y l y i
on th e fi t und i t f t ai i
rs r d di i li
fa ing m of a y ki d f wh ose
en s o r ne ,
g s p n n an c

ne ve th le s r e s sea

th e tene d f om
r en n n , o .

se r i w could be ce tai whe da g

v ces e r n n n er r a r

dis ta nc woul d b e so v l uable th at re e t e x

m
a e, a no s n
p
w ul d b t t t th t th f il
h mm
p e nse o g e a o e c u e oo e ; y
r e u e
se r e a r

of thi b l tt d i t w l d h
im m bu d the cou t y a d th e m
s sc
y ee e
g r e a as o ue ss r e e , av e

tail d an

i tical mg cy wh i h
en e e n se r e n on n r , n en

c ul d ly b e call d ut i a
”

qui m
o on e o n cr e e r en ,
c

th y w ul d
e o uch fu th e trai i g t
re re e cou t r r n n o n n er .

I h wi g h w g at a th ad t ge wh i h h v

j t d by th am y p p t f th u
n s o n o re re e van a s c a e

b
h mth t msa gui m i d m
e e n re e c e e se e n , an ro s ec O e s cce ss

f th till t

m
o

di m
e sc e e n er
e a so
ye n ne n s a s

tai t b i i h d b ut o th t a y

ff ct m
ca
n, nn o e n s e ,
n e co n r r so e

i gh t p ibly b p o du d i th e opp ite dir ti

by m m
e e o ss e r ce n os ec o n,

akin t h t hi k b t t f th i f l
bl th e d to f momid f th xp
g e e n u a e er o e r r s .

T ea o e e e ns e

m w ul d h v
o e na e re a er or s e

th i pl f i i g a e f
im
s an o ra s n r se rve o se a en o a e

tail d th u t y l t u il v
um
en e on e co upp n r , e s s o se a s ar r e s e r e

h d b tabli h d i 1 8 1 5 th at th b w t

m
een es s e n e n ers e re a

m
a ,

l t d t d h d b t tl y
m d t th t m
on ce p
co e e o co e n , an a een n s an

ai t i n a ne ou t d w
a to th e p e s t d y
a a n o n r en a .

N o casi f
o c on f th e or vi of th e V lu or se r ce s o n

te e w ul d h av p
rs o te d it lf u til 1 8 4 0
e r e se n p i d f se n , a er o o

tw ty fi ye ars du i g wh i h w h ul d h ve p t in S o a s en

v ry im
en -
ve ,
r n c e

thi f t t ai i g d i u l tui ti a
g ann

umwi th ut
r ec r ran n an n e s,
s e p e

9 000 000l te li g o 3 6 0 000l p er ann o

k i g th mu t of p i
, ,
. s r n r , .
,

on n e a o f 12l
n y t e ns o n s o a ea r , o

b woul d have b om titl d

r ec

um
.

whi h a l g c . ar e n er ec e en e , as

E 4
1 04 ADMIRA LTY ADMINISTRATION .

mm en a
y b e r e ce i e i vd
n th e re se r e v un til fort y y ears

of a
g e, an d w oul d q
b e ualifie d
for th e p e ns ion if th e y
mi d fift ya th e ro ll o f Volu n te e rs

d th 4 000 m qui d
re a ne e en e rs o n .

In r e turn for this outla y co ul e e n re re

for th M di te
e e fl t h v b
rran e an btai d ? It ee a e een o ne

w ul d pp v ry d ubtful if th y ul d h b av e een

i t tly with th p m m
o a ear e o e co

ll d ut i ad by th e e

S c t y t th Adm
ca e o co ns s e n e ro se s

i l ty i hi p h whi h h ra b n s s ee c c as een

m
e r e ar o e ,

so
p i
ro tl y p u bl
ne ni h d xP s i g t h s i ew d as e re s n e V e s an

i te ti
n n f th
o ns B d Th o l y th
o e oar i . e n o er o ccas on on

whi h th ic i e r w ul d h
se r v cesb all d f o w ul d av e een c e or , o

h ave b du i g th Ru i w i 1 8 5 4
ea h m du i g th
e en r n e ss an ar n .

A w h v e a e se e n , f ty fic y ears

mi d th li t
s an r n e or -
ve

whi h h vc w l p d wh h d
a e no e a se , o a re a ne on e s s

th p e i b d p i d w ul d h v b
re s cr e er o titl d t
, o
p a e ee n e n e o a en

i
s on f th or t f hi d y wh
e re s ow uts wh a p t
s en orn o ,
or en as

s ixty a d th u th h vy dea d w igh t i

,
n s e eaddi ti to th e n a on e

u l t f 36 00l w ul d p b bly b ly
mki g th tot l o t by thi tim6 00 000l
ann a co s O o ro a e n ea r as

m u h m
.

m
c o re , so a n e a c s s ,
.

7 00 000l y ! O th th h d
f th m
or a e ar er e n,
'

, . n e o an ,

ll w i g w ul d t ly ufli t

m
s up p o se a e re or co n o no n ea r s ce o

m
,

th fl t i g e t w ; b ut i t d f
ll d th mlv
a n e ee n a r a ar

du i g th y th h m
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no t 3000 e nr o e e se es r n e ear e sc e e

h b i full p g ult i gul ly ill u t tiv

ro r es s , a

btai i g m k wl dg f th
as een n re s s n ar s ra e

f th ity f
m d m i fl u c v th mi
o e n e ce ss or o n n o re no e e o e

c h t
ara c e r of se a e n, an o re n en e o er e ,
n

d t put d t th p p tu l ti ti f f i l
m
or er o an e n u a res

m
e o e er e a re on o
p
in atte r o f suc h Vital i portan ce
S m
a .

tate s e n of
g re at tal en t, na vl a Ofli ce rs of th e hi gh e st
 M ANNING THE NAVY .
—MEAS URES ADOPTED . 1 05

di stin ction , y i
so d m
e tifi
e esd w i th th
e ciall e q u e ti e s on ,

tt m
n
p
h v a ll i v ai
e a te d t d l w i th i t f t h i ffo t ea or or s

m
n n a e r e
p e ,

h v b
a l y d by th b t l th t h v b t th
d t ll tim th
e
p a een ar a se e O s c es a a e ese e .

It i t th
s no f ult f i di i du l e a o n v a s, an a a es e

a tu l oc up
c a t f ffic
c an s b v ll th p
o O e ar e a o e a o e rso ns

mt d ply i t t d i i g b tt y t m
er

th

d my f th
e os ee n e re s e n se e n a e er s s e es

t b li h d an wh h v f il d t p du c
an o o se

t i um
a s e , o a e a e o ro e

g d ul t u d p t w ul d ft b
mt m m
r ese n c rc

m
a oo re s n er s an ce s , o o en e

p tecot if p eib l y a
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m
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, n

th e ar y ut en e ff cti v
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mi
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e co n r o o i i t u h or l a a n s er s c a
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th anth p t eS i S L
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m
so as a e o ea s ec s cce ss n er

r e se n t cir cu stan ce s.

m
p
It is ce rtai nl y a sur
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j
r e e cte d such a b o on gas a r atuit y of 6l . a y e ar an d a

p r o sp e cti v p e e n si o n o f IZL for life , for so g

li h t a r e tur n

as u n d gig
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o st care ful r e gulati ons for th e ir co n v e ni e n ce , an d du i g r n

whi ch th e y
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f; a ac e or e re ar a e e ca se e us

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o er

f tly w ll k w th t
m
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mf w d i th tim f im
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i t p il f th p ubli

m uld v claimxem
co e or ar n e e o nen er or e c

df d th at ti se a en co ne er

f m
e e n ce , an e
p on

rothi g l duty s e n e ra .

Th i h w v expl i d by th f ll wi g e er

t f m
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m
n

e xt r acth p h f thro S ta y f th Ad
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1 06 ADM IRALTY ADMINISTRA TION .

i n th e Hous e of Cm m whi ch h b p i
o o n s, as een r n te d at

th e h e a d of h an dbill e tti g fo th th
s, s di ti
n r e co n o ns in
vi tin g sea m to j i th e a d pl c dd th e

i th ki gd m
en o n e re se rv ,
n a ar e on

w all s of h al f th e ea p
s t t w or o ns n e n o .

V . R .

VOLU NTEER RESERVE OF SEA MEN .

IMPORTA NT To SEA MEN.

Extr a ct fr o p mhf L or d Cla r en ce P a e t, Secr e

t e s eech o
g
ta ry to the A d ir a lty, m m
a d e in the Hous e o Co
f ons m
m
on M on da , F e br ua r y 1 3th, 1 8 60
y
I k no w wh at se a m are Th e y are fine , bl
mk b y
en no e,

m
.

h e ar ty cre atur e s, b ut en Of re ar a l sus

p i ci ous

ch aracte r ; an d if th e re are an y p e op l e th e y are su sp i ci o us

o f, it is th e A dm
i l ty Capt i Brown re p orts fro m
m m
ra . a n

th e di ffe r e n t e rch an t t th at th e We
mv
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thin k th e in uce d e nt y fai We thi n k it v y

m
er r er

y w t t kid p u Th m
.

h an d b u t th e y o nl

mt w put u m d w th y will d u ff t
so e ; an o na s . e o

en e o r na es

ml b ui g u d
o n e se n s o o

Ch i It i v y cu i u t
na .
’
s er r o s o se e en a o r n n er

th t d l u i
a I h ve b e k d v
e s on d v ag ai a e n as e o e r an o er n

m
.

by di t f th g t hi ppi g i d by
m m m m
re c o rs o e re a

m
s n co an e s, an
p
e n of i rta n ce in th e se e rci al orts , for
gv m
p o

m
co so e
p
as suran ce o n th e p art o f th e o e rn e nt th at th e en

will n ot d be call e o ut un t il dwar is e clare d I t ld

th e m m
. o

th at I u ld co n ot giv e th e th at as suran ce but I

 MANNING THE NAVY .
—MEASURES ADOPTED . 1 07

als o tol d th m th at it w as p e rfe ctl yc e rtai n th ere was

m
e no

in ten ti on to ca ll the out e xce t i n th e v e nt o f a cri ti cal

mdi
m
e
p
mg y; tha t the thre a t of i a te hos tiliti es , f
m
e er e nc e or o

im a e n a tion a l da nger which would oblige us to a ke the

ea tes t ewer tions f the p r otecti on o f shor es , wer e

m
our

m
r or
g
the on ly cir cu s ta n ces un de r whi ch the govern en t would
ca llf their I s er vi ces.
u t w h t If h mby
I y t igh t I ll y b li v li ttl m i w ti g to
or ca a n reass r e e

th m
sa o n -
,
re a e e e e o re s an n

i du
n ce to fl o k to th fo ce
e (H h ea ) cIt is e r . ear, r .

so f a ti fact
ar s y th at th e y a e be gi i g to g t ove
s or r nn n e r

thi e x t a di a y i d a I wi h to d cla e to th m th t

m
s r or n r e . s e r e a

her M aj esty s govern ’

f i en t has no s or t o n ten ti on to

i
k dna m i the (H ) n to the h ear
A n d pe r
m i
e ar,
p na v
y . .

h aps I b d
h ad e tte r a d a t al assurance —th t

h m
a o re
p r c c a ,

i
we w s he
d ld i we cou n ot en ter t e the b
m
n na v
y, e

m d
,

cause h b
t e nu is le te , e xce pt for cas u al ti e s

m
co

m
er p an

we h a v g d b o f e n te rin co n si le b
mv
e ra nu er
e no e ans y an

of en o b v v
e r an d a o e wh at w e h a e at re se nt
p . Hear ) .

I thi k n th at is a v y er sa tisfactor y sta te of things, an d

th a t th e House will b e gla d to he ar th er e is dilficulty

m
no

in getting “

m m
en .

Th e state e nt th at se a we re fin e , bl h e a rt y
m
en no e,

creature s, b ut o f re mk bly i ci ous ch ar acte r,

m
en ar a suS
p
an d if th e re l h y e of w th e i ci ous,

my m i v lv
sus
ar e an y
p p eo o ar e p
w ld bvi
”
it is th e A d ir al t to

mp i l
, ou se e n o e an o o us

contra di ction , unl e ss i d d

n ee so e s ec a cause sh o uld

accoun t for qualitie s so in cons iste nt with each o th e r, an d

Th e p arts in itali cs w e re prin te d in th e pl acards in typ e se v e ral

ti mes l arg e r th an th e rest Of th e te xt .

1 08 AD MIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

ee g
f lin u u u l i ge e ou m i d exi ti g togeth e s n r

but howeve thi m

s so n s a n n r s n s,

ight be the u pi ci o e t tai ed s s ns n er n

Adm
,
r s ,

f th i al ty we e li ttl e li kely t be all yed by

ces d the peci l cl im y i di
o a

Adm
o e r r

i l ty a u a a s an n

vidu l m
an s

be f it m
ra ss ra n

em
,

i ght h ve upo their co fide ce

woul d be eut li ed by the k owl edge tha t hi te mf
a r o a n n n

i ght te m
o

office woul d ce t i ly be ho t d m
n ra s n s r

r a n i te t y s r an r na a an

m om
,

e t n .

The exi te ce f thi fe li g i howeve u h ppily s r n

p oved beyo d ll doubt by the f il u e f the chem

s n o s e n a

r n a e a r o s ,

fo a h as bee lr ead y tated though the adv t ges

ext em
a

offe ed by the Adm

r s n s , an a

i lty to joi the fo ce ely

and though the m coul d
r ra n r ar e r

e t t be c ll ed out except

l m
en no a
g r a ,

occ io i g th t the C ow woul d be t the

am e tim
as ns so a a r n a r n a

e e titled to um
on

m o the popul tio at l ge by

Royal p oclamti o yet o l y o te th pa t f the p o
s n s n a n ar

po ed um h ve e oll ed them
r a n, n ne n r o r

s be f n r o elve a nr s s .

N e the c u es f the e u pi ci o
or ar eithe ob cu e or
a s o s s s ns r s r

doubtful but the co t a y they a the ece y

,
on n r r re n ssa r con

qu e ce of the b e ce f fo e ight d co i te cy i
s

the co duct f u cce ive Bo d f Adm

se n a s n o r s an ns s n n

i al ty i de li g
with eam
o

e i epa ble f omthe co ta t ch ge f

n s ss ar s o r n a n

the i di vidu l t whom

s n, ns ra r ns n an o

the ubject i e t u ted who h as

a

o g i ed y tem
o

to co du ct a d o cl ue t gui de hi m
n s s n r s ,

no r an s s s n , n n o

th ough the l by i th of petty expedi e t a d pe petu l

r a r n n s n r a

ch ge whi ch h ve go e o f
an lo g a cou e f years n n or so n a rs o ,

e ti ely without p i ciple

n r Cohe e ce He h as
r n or r n

tim
. no

pe o l e po ibili ty c ected wi th i t ; he h
r s ns e
to devote to it affo di g him
rs n a o nn as n o

eve a cha ce of co du cti g

,
r n n n n n
 MANNING THE NAVY — MEAS RES AD O PTED. U . 1 09

it with ucce ; while the othe ha d the ubject f

m i g the y i i
s ss ,
on r n , s o

e e ecog i ed b ch
pe me t d p
n av no

val dm
ann n s n s ns r n s as a r an

of na i i t tio h vi g
a n s ra n a n a r an n an r e s on

ibl e he d to co duct it det il

a H w the ca the
e t f the ubject u de uch ci cum
s n s a s o

m g em
. n n

an a n o s ta ce be n r s r s n s

t hi g b ut c p i ci ou d ce t i d how i i t

po ibl e th t e m
an n u a s an an
y r n r a n, s

ss e a feel ythi g but di t u t d

s a n ca n an n s r s an

su pi cio
s n

It eve be to ofte epe ted that the c u e f

can n r o n r a , a s o

the e feeli g f u picio i t to be fou d i the f ul t

n s o s s n s no

m
s n n a

o f y pan ti cul Bo
ar d f y p
ar ti cul are m be ,
or of an ar ar r o

Bo d i t be tt ibu ted to i te ti o l di
eg d u the p t f the Adm
n or can a a r an n
a ar , y n n s

i l ty ei the
ar f co i te cy
o ra r o ns s

d tem pe f e m
r ar o n ,

of the feeli g e but it a i e

the b olute w t f powe to a t i co fo m
or n s an r o s a n, r s s

f omr a s an i ty o r c n n r

with ou d p i ciple owi g to the pe petu l co t di

s r n s, n r a n ra

tio i olved i the ge e al Ope ti on f the y tem

n c

ns nv n n r ra o s s .
 110 A DMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

CHAP VI . .

MA NNING THE NAVY (C ONT INU ED) .

MEAS U RES O MITTED .

THE co fide ce d e pect with whi ch the

n n an r s

cl e eg d the gove i g powe f the a y m

as s s r ar u t be
rn n r o

i eve y poi t f vi ew im
n v s

n r po t t a d th t uch feeli g
n o r an , n a s n s

d o no t t p e e t ge e all y p evai l i u que ti o

a r s n n r bl e f r s n na

otwith t di g the b t i te ti o f the Adm

s , or

i al ty the
y temthey h ve t dm
n s an n es n n ns o r ,

s s i i te i de t ucti ve f
a o a n s r s s r o con

i te cy a d f cou e Bo d that hold office f

mte i lly i fl ue ce feeli g bas ed
s s n ,
n o rs no e ar s or o n

or tw ye rs o a can a r a n n n s on

l o g expe i e ce f it ope ti o
n r n Be ide the u picio
o s ra n . s s s s n so

fo cibly de ibed by Lod Cl e ce Paget the e a

othe difficulti e i i g f omthe u ettl ed di po itio f
r scr r ar n , r re

em e t the i m
s ar s n r

e thei h t ed f l o g e g gem
r ns s s n o

s a n, r a r o n a n s, n co

m
n

ti b ili t f the h abi t cqui ed i e ch t hi p w

ai th
o m
o s r r an
p a y n s s

the ece a y egul tio f hi p f w d i ll

deg ee f omthe t adi ti o
n ss r r a ns o a s o ar , an n n s a

d ecoll ectio f the l t

m
r ns an r ns o as

u e ce wi th them
r r

g er at w w hi ch pear,o h v i g o t i fl rs ns a n s n n

h ve t o g i te e t i keepi g li ve
A ve y be efici l cou e to di m
a a s r n n r s n n a .

r n i i h these ob t cl es
a rs n s s a

i t be fou d i the pl p opo e d by Lo d Hard

m t ai up l ge um
r

Com
s o n n an r s

wi cke i io t be f
’
s ss n, o r n a ar n r o
MANNING THE NAVY (CO NT m OED ) —M
. EA SURES OM ITT ED . 1 11

boy f both e vi ce i utical chool b ut it would be

yet m o e d t geou ly c ied ut by t i i g themi
s or s r s n na s s,

r a v an a s arr o ra n n n

ve el f w befo e ugge ted whe w h bit a d

ociati o m i ght be i t oduced i to the m
ss s o ar as r s s ,
n ne a s n

as s ns e ch t r n r n r an se

vi ce: d woul d soo p oduce a good effect i b ea ki g

an n r n r n

dow the e p ej udi ce

Whil e we e de vou to im
n s r s .

p o e the to e f the
em e both m
n a r r v n o se a

f i g popul tio
ar n d to e de a n , ano e uited r n r s a n r s

an d bette i cli ed t the e i ce f the cou t y

r n n the o s rv o n r on

othe h d it i f t l e t equal im
,

po ta ce to e de the
eve y e pect com
r an s o a as r n r n r

avy i p tible with it pe fect efficie cy

tt ctive to them po ible
n n r r s , a s r n ,

as a ra d i t uth the e as ss an n r s

object of e de i g the e vic p opul

s r n d efficie t
r n s r e ar an

i tim
n a re

n tely bou d up with e ch othe

a n a r

m
.

Eve y u t th t the efficie cy f the vy ca

mi t i ed by the f eque t i flictio f eve e
r on e s se e a n o na n

no t b e a n a n r n n n o s r

p u i hm
n s e t but it doe t ppe to be fully de
n s, s no a ar so un

tood th t othe i flu e ce m
r

u t be fou d t pply it o su

pl c if di cipli e i t be m
s a r n n s s n s

s i t i ed withou t it Suppo e
n s o a n a n s

the rem
a e,

edy we e to be t ied f e de vou i g t m

.

r ke r o n a r n o a

the y ge e lly p fe ed the f vou ite e vi e d

na v n ra re

di ch ge f omit ega ded a eve e pu i hm

rr as a r s r c , an

s ar r e t ? the
r r as s r n s

the pe ce t bli hm
n n

a e t would fulfil the two co di tio

es a s n n ns

of bei g both highly att cti ve

n d pe fectly effi ie t ra ,
an r c n ,

b ut t till the I
no n

The e object a wo th t ivi g f co ide i g the

s s re r s r o r, ns

i fl ue ce f the pe ce e t bli hm
n r n

o e t the p o pect f a s a on

e e im
n s n

m
n r o

d thei im
s

getti g e e ve po ta ce whe
m
n r s r s, an r ns r

ai ed t m th
n n

e e ge cie i e f th
r n w l evie
s ar s , or e ne s r s o an e
112 A DMIRA LTY ADM INISTRATION .

fleet with t ke thei to e d ch cte f omthe h p

a an ar a r r S l S

l e dy i com
r n

m i io
m ed by o de ly well ffect d d
a r a n ss n .

If they
te ted c ew the w m will peedily a um e the m
ar e an n r r ,
-
a e , an co n

n r s, ne e en s ss sa

ch cte ; b ut wh t we expect houl d they joi

co ta t ex m
ar a r a can s n a

fleet i whi ch they ple f iot d i se e ns a s o r an n

my ece t occ io
n n

subo di tio uch h v

r na n, s as a e o n so an r n as ns

th ow di c edi t the B iti h vy ?

r n s r on r s na

The fi t two i t ce f ope i ubo di tio occu ed

d i te d f the m o t e chi g ex m
rs n s an s o n ns r na n rr

i E gl d i ti o o s s ar n a na

i to ll the ci cum
n n an , an ns a n

t ce d the e iou ch cte f the

offe ce bei g deeply im
n a r s an s, an s r s ar a r o

p e ed upo the e vice i te d

fix d dete m
n n r ss n s r ,
ns a

f i tio bei g how t h ve epe

titio f uch pe ilou ex m
o a e r na n n s n o a no r

n o s ple they p ed e ti ely

a r s a , as s n r

witho t official otice i ve tigatio !

H d om e e o i j udgm
u n or n s n

e t i y degree l d to the
outb e k it w im
a s rr r n n an e

po t t to gu d g i t im
n

r a ,
as il e o r an ar a a ns s ar rr rs

f the futu e d i thi c e it w l o e peci lly

an s as as a s s a n e ce s

y to co vi ce e m
or r ,
n

sar e th t if y g iev ce exi ted it

n n s a n a an r an s ,

h d o ly t be p ope ly ep e e ted to be ed e ed b ut r ss

bove ll thi g it w ece y deeply t im

a n o r r r r s n r

p e upo
thei m
a a n s, as n ssar o r ss n

ri d th t othi g coul d excu e act

n s a fm u ti y a d
n n s s o n , n

th t the c ew of hip f war i i g i defi ce f it

a r a s o r s n n an o s

office t uck blow t t the be t i te e t f the vy

r s, s r a no a s n r s s o na

o ly b ut t tho e f the cou t y

A m f om the e ex m
n ,
a s o n r .

ight h ve bee
s fo e ee pl e
h vi g p ed u de the eye of the Adm
a n r s n r s a s

i al ty i t elf
im
a n ass n r r s ,

il c e h ve bee epe tedl y occu i g i ce ofte n

ar as s a

the m
s n r a rr n s n n o

o t t ifli g pretext to the g eat i j u y of the cou t y

s r n s, r n r n r
 M A NNING THE NAVY (c o mm on s ) —M EA SUREs
. OMITTED . 113

in eve y poi t f View d

r n o wh t l m e t an

bl e e ul t they my t eve tu lly p oduce It i pp t

e y , n o on can sa a a n

a r s s a no n

th t the e di tu b ce c ot tt ct m t the vy f
a r . s a ar e n

a s s r an s ann a ra en o na or
,

they tu lly uppo ed t i di c te e iou g iev ce

ar e n a ra s s o a

i te d f i i g f om
n s r

the com
s r an s,

ns a o ar s nbi ed p ti f l x d r n o e ra on o
°

re a e

di cipli e d the o igi l e o f l etti g uch eve t

s n , an r na rr r o n s n s

p by u oticed el x ed di cipli e ct l o i othe

a ss nn r a s n a s a s n an

vy f i t m
r

w y i j u i o u ly to the pop ul i ty f the

a n r s u t ar o na , or s

be evide t to the le t co ide tio th t i the c owded

n as ns ra n a n r

s p ce f hip lowe deck the e

a o a s
’
be s com fo t r r can no r

u len o de ss d di cipli e exi t

r r an d u qui et pi i t s n s , an n s r s

ar e kept u de du co t ol f othe wi e the live f th

d l e di g m m m m
n r e n r , or r s s o e

petty office r s an
y be de i e b
a l e by n en a a s ra

tw th ee h d ed oi y ioto l d who o di y
o di y e m e h ve ece tly fo m
o or r un r n s ,
r us a s, as r n ar ,

an d eco d cl s n as s r ed n ar s a n, a r n r

the b ulk f the c ew f u hip d h ve bee the

o r s o o r s s , an a n

pe o p i cip lly co ce ed i the e di t b ce s ur an

ge e l ill t e tm
rs ns r n a n rn n s s .

The e i r s no e t i the vy ffo di g

n ra -
r a n n na a r n

l g o u d f di co te t f the e ep ted ut or s r ea o

b e k t fi t e em
an rea r n or s n n
y ,

s a bled the ct f poil ed child e u

rs r s a s o s r n

m
r a e

co u g d raby i j
e u di ciou t e t e t n a d w i tho u t h a v i g s r a n ,
n n

bee t ught the b ol te ece ity f obedi e ce t the

a a s u n ss o a

ight tim
n n

e d di d t i di c te y deep e t d f eli g
m
r an no n a an -
s a e e n

the de e tio f omthe vy l o

,

whi ch u ch h on so as

e m
a s

by m
s r ns r na ,

r ec tly be id e n sa o e p ev le t tha re no a ns r r a n an

m
en

f om
,

e ch t ve el s

m
r r an ss .

P bli c Opi io
u w u ch excite d by occu e ce
n as rr n s so

d mgi g i e e y e e to the be t i te e t f the

n

a v r s ns s n r s s o

cou t y d f omit expe ie ce f the ch o ic i ffi

a n n

n r , an r s r n o r n ne
1 14 A DMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

cie n cy o fthe y temby which the vy i gove ed the

s s na s rn ,

p e h e te ed i to the det il f v l di cipli e to

r ss as n r n a s o na a s n a

l ge exte t th
ar r p ob bly woul d be the c e if v l
n an r a as na a

aff i we e co ducted with vigou d co i te cy d

a rs r n r an ns s n an

egul ted with wi domb t it i ve y d ge ou whe the

,

u r an r s

m
s

be with m
r a s n

o t e iou deli qu cie o e le j u ti ce

n s ca n r or ss

d e m
s s r s en s

att ibuted to the f ul t f the gove i g powe

r a e o rn n r s, a n s a n

excu ed f ct f g o i bo di tio
s or a s o r ss n su r na n .

If h ,
bee id good t te f di cipli e i
as as n sa ,
a s a o s n s n e ce s

sa ry to e de the vy popul it i f the fi t e e ity na ar, s o rs n c ss

m
r n r

to e t bli h co victio th t if offe ce com i tted they

will be detected d pu i hed ; b t p i hm
s a s a n n a n s are

e t howeve
an n s u un s

eve e whe m
n s, r

s r ,
o t f ul t di cove ed do othi g
n s a s ar e un s r , n n

b u t e u e the c t t epetiti o f offe ce d the o an

i effect l ecu e ce f pu i hm
ns r o ns an r n n s,

n ua r e t whil e ce t i ty f
rr n o n s n r a n o

detectio foll owed by light d j udiciou pu i hm

n, e t an s n s n s,

will ve y oo effect the g e t d d obj t f di

s an

m
r a

ely the p eve ti o f c im

r n en ec o s

ipli e
The poli ce f h M je ty hip (the mte t m
c ne , na , r n n o r .

o —er a s
’
s s s as rs a -
ar s

d hi p co po l ) ho weve ve y f eque tly i

’
an s s r ra s , ar e r r r n n

effi i t c en d t u two thy d lthough the e h lo g

an un r s r ,
an a r as n

bee u i ve l co c e ce f opi i o to the f ct

which i dm
n an n r sa n urr n o n n as a ,

i tted l o i the highe t q

s a te the e i a s n u ar rs, r s

em
s

still edy
no r

All the bove m my te t f the y t m

.

tte a a r s ar e so an s s o s s e

u den i qui y i i t be i g
r n the ubject f m i g
r n s ar n s on s o ann n

the vy nad they l o e e to how th t el xed

: an a s

di cipli e doe t tt ct m to the vy i c e e the

s rv s a r a

s n s no a ra en na or n r as
,

popul a ity f the e vice ; b ut th t te dy cou e f

r o s r a a s a rs o
 MA NNING THE NAVY (CONT INU ED ) .
-
M EASURES OM ITTED . 1 15

co duct d co t t tte tio to the feeli g p o pect

f e m
an a n s an a

e com
n , n n n s, r s s,

d i te e t bi ed wi th the du p e e
tio f utho ity m
an n r s s o s a n, n e r s r va

n o u t be ob e ved befo e
a r u h , e ul t s s r r s c a r s

be e o bly expected
r as na

e o f givi g e m
.

The e be e i the avy

i the m e ch t e ice d it eem
r can n o r as n or n s a n n n

l owe w ge thr a s an n r an s rv an s

b u d to e te the l bou mket t ll to obt i kill ed

, s

a r n r a r ar a a

l owe te mth
s a n s

l bo u
a d to off
r an the mket p iceer r r s an ar r

whil e to ttem
,

pt t ed e the b l ce by high bo ty
put doubl e p em
r a an un

i um de e tio
a o r ss

s a The vy equi e
r on s r na r r s

m f the highe t qu lifi tio d tho e who joi it

n .

en o s a ca ns, a n s n

h ve t o ly to le to be excell e t gu e b t to o
a no n a rn n rs, u a

qui e l ge m
nn

r ou t f othe k owl edg whi ch e de

a ar a n o r n e, r n rs

themd ily m o e v lu bl e f the public e vice I o de

e to e te f the p olo ged te mf te
a r a a or s r n r r

to i duce e m
.

um m
n s a n n r or r n r o n

ye they ars , p id 4 l 1 1 p ar e o e th tho e

a 3 er a nn r an

ck owledgm
. . s

wh e te f o ly fi e t f the u
pop l ity f lo g e g gem e t he ce i t wo ld eem
an a

f om
o n r or n ve , n n o n

f m who
u ar o n n a n s n u s r

l ogy th t i o de to ecu e the e vi ce

m
a r r s r s r o

o e tha m
an a n s en

e g ge eve f fi ye
n a n ore ch t w geve ar s, r n r an a s,

th e th le houl d be giv i the

an i ce
e g gem
ss, s en

e t i the m
n av
ra r
y . n ,
s n an

n a e ch t e vi ce c cely eve e che

n n r an s r s ar r r a s

i gl e ye
v i ou mtte
a s n ar .

M uch h bee i d pl u ibly e ough

as n sa a s n on ar s a rs

to expl i why e m e ought t e ve i the y f

a n s a n o s r n n av or

l owe w ge b u t they do
r a ts, the fo ce f the e gu no se e r o s ar

m e t d wi th excell e t e o f the p i cip l d

n s , an n r as n, or r n a a

v t ge the vy fl i the pe io afte twe ty

yea e vice which i far to em
an a na o e rs s ns n r n -
on e

rs
’
s r ote to p odu ce y
, s o r r an

I 2
11 6 ADMIRA LTY AD MINISTRATION .

eff t l mk bly tho ghtle f th futu e i

o n a c a ss re ar a u ss o e r n

om
ec

i du i g them
,

t e t th vy i the fi t i t e e na n rs ns a n c

ope te i et i i g themft
n c n o c o ,

an d i t o l y begi n t ns o ra n r a n n a er

t el eve ye i e ; b u t eve afte

’
ed
m my t
e n or n a rs se r v c n r se rv

l o g the e i t the l e t ecu i ty th t s r a a an a no

be tu ed d ift by om
so n , r s no as

e dde eductio f th fleet su r n o e

ch h ccu e d i m
rn a r s n ,

ny i t e ns a n c s

i e f om m bei g ud
su as o rr n a

Ve y g e t m
as .

i chi ef h
r a s as ar s n r en n s

the e o io wi tho t em
r

d ly t ed d ift pl oy ccas ns u

mtt like f j u ti e d poli cy m

en u rn a r on s

m e t; d an as a a o s c an en

g em
er a

im
n ,

en te ed wheth e by pe i l
r r e t pliedly f
s c a a re n or or

ce t i p i od if di h ged befo e the expi tio f the

m
r a n er s, sc ar ra n o

t m u t) m
r

er
( except f cou e i e
o f i o d rs i ght
n casbe s o c n c

e titled t eceive g tui ty f f om t th ee m

s
,

n o r a ra o th o r o ne o r n s
’

w gea gul tio whi h houl d be l i d dow by u

s, a re a n a a

d expl i d whe m
c s n

th i ty e te ed
The p y ought t be full y qual to th t p i d by m
or , an a ne n e n ar e n r .

ch t ; d the be t e m
a o e a a er

e houl d h ve upe io po itio

ope ed t them
an s an s s a n s a s r r s ns

i th equ l t o p o pect t a

l ook fo w d i the m
o n e n av an
n
y y , r s s o

whi ch they can e ch t e ice r ar n r an s rv .

W he the e ch ge h ve b e effected the i ci ou

n s an s a e n ,
V s

p i cipl e f highe te f p y bei g give f e g gi g

f l o ge pe i od m
r n o r ra s o a n n or n a n

or n r y be r b do ed
s p i aci p l e wh i ch a an n ,
a r n

f i t elf l e d to the i fe e ce th t the vy i t

g ded it hould be f um
o s a s n r n a

be f m fte h vi g
na s no re

e ed h lf thei tim
ar as S ,
or n rs o en a r a n

s rv a e woul d othe wi e be gl d t e g g e
r r s

ch pe iod i o de t mke u e f thei pe io ;

, a o n a

f
th m f omthe m
or su r n r r o a s r o r ns ns

en en e ch t e ice i te d f bei g
r r an s rv , ns a o n

fo ced to e gage f
r n lo g pe iod a t ye
or so to
n a r s en ar s o r
MANNING THE NAVY (co mm ) on .
— MEASU RES OMITTED . 11 7

lo e e ly bl ye m ight be e te ed f fi eve
e my m
s ar a a r, or ve o r

th ee by whi ch m e twice th ee tim

n . n r n

m
r , ans or r s as an en

ight be t i d i the vy u de the t ye ’

be f t i ed m
ra n e n na as n r ars

e t y wh ich ece ily educe the um

en

m i imum d p
n r , n ssar r s n r o ra n en

i exi te ce t
n s n ctic lly b
o a
y in te , an ra a ars an n r

ch ge betwee the two e vi ce e e tial to efficie t

m
an n s r s SO ss n n

e e ve ; f
r s r s be tho oughly t i ed except by
or no an can r ra n

actu l e vi ce
a bo d a hip f w
s r on d it woul d be ar s o ar , a n

m o t de i bl e t i clude l ge um be po ible as ar a n r as

f m thu effecti vely t ai ed i

s s ra o n ss

o en s u fi t li e f e e ve r n n o r rs n o r s r ,

if e e e i t
r s rv be called which ought to be i f ct
can , n a an

adv ced gu a d
an r

Re e ve m
.

I the ge e l e e f the wo d e
om
n n ra s ns o r , a s r ans

ethi g y u po e ove d bove the fo ce ctu ll y

equi ed to m
s n o ss ss r an a r a a

eet dve y ; but wh t we call Re

e e woul d t o l y be b o bed t the fi t m
r r an a rsar a

om e t f
ho tili ti e but wo ld upply ve y mll p t f the fo ce
s rv s no n a s r a rs n o

u a a ar o

eet the e em
s s r s r

th t m
s,

u t be i t tly fo thcom i g to m y
f om p ovidi g y plu to m
a s n s an r n n

an d f ar r eet ccide t
r n an s ur s a n s

an d eve e they woul d uffice to m o ly a m

r rs s, all s an n s

p t of the hi p we po e whi ch f cou e woul d be

ar s s ss ss, o rs

u el e
s till c ew could be obt i ed
ss r s a n

The m
.

e u e yet dopted woul d c cely p ovide

as r s as a s ar r an

dv ced gu d ufficie t e ve f occ io whe

ode te i c e e f the vy m
ns

m
a an ar s n n or as n a

ra n r as i ght be equi ed f o a
y na r r or n

p i g com p tivel y t ifli g difficul ty ; but u de the

te lim
ass n or ar a r n n r

u fo tu
n r i t ti o
na f thei e vi ce the e e ve coul d
a ns o r s r s, r s r s

t be c ll ed ut i u h c e t all a d woul d t b as s a

com
no a o n s c , n no e

e v il ble u til the thu de cloud w

a a a the poi t f
n n r -
as o n n o

I 3
11 8 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

bu ti g i ce the Sec eta y f the Adm

rs n , S n i ral ty h a o au r r o s s

tho itatively ou ced th t

m of om
a

The th e t f im
r a nn n :

edi te ho tilitie e tio al

da ge whi ch woul d obli ge u to m
r a o a s s , or s na n

n r ke the g e te t s a r a s

exe tio f the p otectio f u h o e we e the o l y

ci cumt ce u de which the Gove m
r ns or r n o o r s r s, r n

r s an s e t woul d call
n r rn n

thei e vi ce ”
f
commi tted to pe d all the e va t u m f
or r s r s .

So we are s n s s s s o

m o ey n e e e whi ch i te d f bei g v il bl e whe

on r s r v s ns a o n a a a n

d ge fi t ppe eve be c lled ut except u dear , can n r a o n r

the p o pect f im m
an rs rs a

edi te ho tili tie ! Neve did cou t y

ch m
r s o a s s r a n r

pl edge it elf to v t expe ditu e f al l

o t de i ble to m
as an n r or su a s

etu ; a d it would be m
s so

odi fy the s s ra

co di tio to tho e wh my he e fte e te hould the

r rn n

ns s o a r a r n r, s

chem
n

e be pe eve ed i
f Am e i keep up m
s rs r n .

If the U ited St te ili tia

fo ce f m f m u el y we eed
n a s o r ca a

r o ill io a n ot be fi i d t e n, s r n no a
‘
a o

pe k f oblig tio whi ch e t

a o an the b o d p i cipl e
a n r s s on r a r n s

f co titutio l l w a d u ge a d exte d to eve y m

s

o ns na a a n sa , n n s r n

i the cou t y ;
n d i ce i t i equ ll y bi di g
n r an ll s n s a n n on a

cl e f the popul tio

ass s o houl d the willi g ope a a n, so s n co -
r

tio f all be obt i ed by equal law ecu i g the i e ti

mble uppo t f public opi io i e fo ci g it i tim
n o a n s, s rn n s

a s r o e n n n n r n n

of g e t p ubli c pe il whe
r a l o e it co ul d be e o ted to
r n a n

It h bee epe tedl y u ged upo u cce ive Adm

, r s r .

as n r a i lti e r n s ss

th t thi powe could t be e fo ced wi th e pectto m

ra s,

e
im
a s no

m
r n r r s se a n,

f pl e e o ely while the l egi l tu e h

je l ou ly m
or o n e s r as

m
n: na , s a r as

a ai t i ed the p i cipl e i t h
s n a n i tig ted d r n as

lighte ed it ope tio as m

, a an

n u ch a po i bl e a d i t exi ts
s ra n s ss , n s
MANNING THE NAVY (CONTINU ED ) —. MEA SURES OM ITTED . 119

in mh pe a the m
odified ili ti y temthe com pul y
p t f which would com e i to Ope atio im m
a s a s a s s , so r

edi tely i
ca e f y ve y g e t em
ar o

e ge cy ; b ut thi m
n r n a , n

s o an r e ue r a r n s as r

doe t pply to the fa i g cla e though they

claim pt f om
s no a se a r n ss s ,

h ve to be exem as i ti i the
thei w el em
ca n a no r s s n n
g
atio al defe ce o e t ; a d they h ve
a ight to demd th t to theml o h all be exte ded the
n n n n r o n n n a

r an a a s s n

p i ciple f the Mili tia Act with ce t i obviou m odi

i te d of bei g till m
r n s o , r a n s

fi tio de ubject to the ude a d

vi ole t u ge f the m
ca ns , ns a n s a s r n

n i ddl e ge whi ch have

sa s o l o g bee a s, so n n

ob olet with e pect to all the e t of thei fellow

s e r s r s r

The o l y ttem pt th t h bee m de t al te the ld

a a as a o

pe m
n n r

p actice f im
o

e t i by clau e i erted i s a

Act f 1 8 35 by whi ch the C ow i em

r o r ss n s ns n an

powe ed t call r n s r o

e ut by p ocl m
o

em
,

ati o i cl e but a the powe

t c ll ut ll e m
r a n n ass s s

e u de ce t i ci cum
s a n o r

t ce l w y
exi ted it woul d eem
o a o a s a n n r r a n r s an s a a s

s th t the powe to ll t o l y s a r ca ou n a

p rt m
,

u t l w y h ve bee i cl ded but howeve thi a s a n n u

my b
a ,
s a r s

f the tep h ve bee t ke t r s s a

em
e , as no ar n a n o

mode m
a

s a e to legi l te fu the
n, or to th s a r r as e or a

chi e y by which the object w to be effected the cl e

n r as , au s

i i ope tive
s n d the p cti ce if eve e o ted to coul d
ra , an ra r r s r ,

o l y b exe ci ed it cie t footi g

The ece ity f de li g with thi im
n e r s on s an n n .

po ta t que tio i or a n s r n s n s

o ly t pp e t whe we umup the vail ble fo ce

n ss

n s a

which th va iou e e ve will upply a d com

a

p e them
n oo a ar n r s

r s r s r s s n ar

with the w mte ial of t e gth we po e i the ml

e ,

a itim
ra a r s s r n ss ss n u

titud e g ged i m
es n e pu uit who a exp e ly
a n r rs s, re r ss

I 4
1 20 ADM IRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

exem pt d f oml d r i ce by the e ctm an e t f the

se rv na n s o

Mi li ti Act i te d f h vi g bee m
e

a ns a de ubject to the
o a n n a s

ope tio f com m

,

ra
p
n oehe i ve
a ge e l e u e p ovi di g
r ns n ra as r r n

f the defe ce f the e e lm well by o by l d r a s as se a as an

m
or n s

The e ult f ll the Com d l l the chem

.

r s o i ioa e ss n s, an a s s

du i g twe ty ye
r n f ck owl edged deficie cy i
n ar s o a n n ,
s as

foll ow s

The e 7000 N v l Co t Vol u tee

r ar e whoa a u as n rs, ar e se

l e f m i g the fleet bec u e they m

an n n t be t ke a s a

beyo d 1 00 l e g e f omthe l d d they woul d the e

no a
ss or y , n

a u s r an an

ly e the m
n r

ovem
,

fo e p ar a se t f the fleet they bel o ged t n s o

The Roy l N v l Volu tee co i t f bout 3000 m

r n o .

a a a n rs ns s o a en

f p opo ed fo ce f i the fi t u d im e f
( o a r s r o t n rs r n s o

t ai i g d di cipli e A o ide bl e p opo tio f thi n

mll um
r n n an s . c ns ra r r n o s

be be t r fo eig voy ge
are a d o e
s n on r n a

be c lled ut u til em
s a n s, an n n

can a e ge cie
o clo e t h d
n r n s a re s a an

A d l tly the Co t gu d m who fo m ve y

.

n as — as ar e n, r a r

efficie t body co i ti g f 6 000 t i ed m f whi ch

,

ns s n o

eam
n ,
ra n e n, o

a ll effective d bout
ar e h lf
, an e f the
a one a are s n o

highe t qu lific tio

s a a ns

m i the m
.

Thu with s e ch t e vice d

m the co t e g ged i mi
en n r an s r ,
an

with e ly n ar e n on

ti m
as s n a n ar

e pu uit the whole c lled e e e vail bl e f

rs s, so -
a r s rv s a a or

g the fleet
n co i t f 9 00 0 m m o u ti
ns s g t o en, a n n o

no t fifth p t f wh t we houl d equi e f

a ar o aget s r r or a r a

w ! Doe thi j u tify the

ar s egl ect f othe p u
s s n o r re ca

tio d do the ge e l e ult how th t the Adm

n s, a n i l ty
dm
n ra r s s S a ra

i i t tio h
n s ra bee fli i t whe te ted by it ucce
n as

i p ovidi g f th m i g f the
a n e c en n s s s ss

n r n or e an n n o n av
y
MANNING THE NAVY (co mm on ) — MEASURES OMITTED
. . 1 21

M akin g the ot m
m
ow ce f mtte which my
pl e s a all an or a rs a

be po ibly Ope to di p ute the f ct h ow i the fo e

ss n s , a s S n n r

goi g p ge h ve p oved by the te t f the ctu l co di

a

tio f thg two g e t el em

n a s r s o a a n

n o e t o tituti g navy th t the

r a n s c ns n a a

y temf val dm
,

l o g co ti u ed ope tio
n — n n f ra i i t n o a s s o na a n s ra

tio Oppo ed to eve y ou d p i cipl e h t f il ed to

p od ce the ul t whi ch m
n s r s n r n , as n o a

r u i ght h ve bee expected

re s s a n .

The eply to the que tio p opo ed f co i de tio

i the fi t ch pte m u t be th t whil e the Adm
r s ns r s or ns ra n

i l ty h as
u li m i ted com md ove the public
n rs a r s ,
a ra

h d p ctically
a ra an n an r

pu e the ff i f the vy h ve NOT bee co ducted

rs ,
a a rs o na a n n

with th t fo e ight bili ty d pe i t t e e gy by whi ch

a r s a an rs s e n n r

be ccom
, ,

alo e g e t thi g
n r a pli hed ; b ut the
n s can a s , on co n

t the i ce t ch ge f pe o
ssan h c u ed i ce a t
an o rs ns as a s

cha ge f m
rar n n ss n
y ,

e u e utte ly de t uctive f ll ide f

as r s r s r o a a o a

co i te t cou e f poli cy Th t f om
n s o

the ab e ce f ll
e e f i di vidu l po ibility the Adm
ns s n rs o . a r s n o a

s ns o n a i al ty h
re s go e ns r as n

on f omr ye to ye with it fi t duty vowedl y wholly

ar a r, s rs a

u f l fil l ed ; whil e it i evi de t th t h d e l e e fp a a a r a s ns o

o l e po ibili ty exi ted with e pect to the m i g of

n u s n er

s r s ann n

the vy i tim m would h ve ve tu ed to

s na r s ns

na e fw n o ar, n o an a n r

e t u de it without t ki g c e tha t effectu l o g i

r s n r a n ar an a r an

sa tio w p ovided to ecu e thi g e t bj ect F po

n as r s r s r a o . or u n

the vy the welf e f the cou t y i t ked whethe o n r s s a r

we l ook t mte i l p o pe ity

na ar ,

to tho e e e d
de e i te e t whi ch com e hom
o a r a r s r ,
or s n ar r an

ar r n r s s e to the hea t f eve y r o r

m i the ble i g f libe ty d ecu ity we po e i

an , n ss n s o r an s r ss ss n

a hi ghe deg ee th r h eve bee e joyed by a y other

r an as r n n n

na tio i ce the wo ld beg

n s n r an .
1 22 AD M IRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

Fi t m o g tho e ble i g h bee the im m u i ty f

the m
as n n o

thi co u t y f my ce tu i e f om
rs ,
a n s ss n s

i e ie f ho til e r s r s o s

im
s n r or an n r s

i v io m u i ty to whi ch we g e tl y owe the othe

dv t ge we e joy f they p i g f dml o g

n as n, an n r a r

ig l
d u i te upted cou e f co ti tuti o l gove m
s na a an a s n , or s r n r a n

e t
equ l l w bly d ho e tly dm
an n n rr rs o ns na rn n ,

u den r a a i i te ed whi ch
s a an n s a n s r

h ve i ve ted eve y m with m

,

a n s ou t f libe ty f
r an an a n o r o

thought d ctio an d of ecu ity f life

a d p ope ty
n , an s r or an r r

without ex m
,

pl e p ll el
a or ara .

The g ve t co eque ce t the co ti ued j y

m
ra s ns n s o n n en o

e t f thi p eciou i he it ce
n o s r th e te ed whe we s r an ar e r a n n

c t ide the g e t fegu d at u com

n

md g i t
cl m e t f u m
as as r a sa ar o r an a a ns

s uch ai ty which the full devel op m

a a ,
i ghty n o o r

na v l e ou ce woul d p ovide ; d with e qu te f

a r s r an n ar a ar r o

e ci l mi e to he the
r s

a m illio em e i th com
s a m n e r a ar n ar

Adm
n n ,

i l ty utho itie exult i the f ct th t u Volu t e

ra a s a a

Re e ve f m i g the fleet i em
r n , o r n e r

s r or e ge ci e whe ll
an n n n r n s, n a

my be at t ke h e ched 3000 e m
a a s a e mki g p
, as r a s a n, a n u

gg eg te i cl udi g the Co t gu d f 9 000 give as ar o

occ io f eq l l m d to i hm
an a r a n n -
, s

e tI
The e o m
as or ua a ar an as n s n

ou m
n

y f F ce c ot be pp o ched ra n a nn

m
n r s ar o a r a

i
n ou t by y fo ce we could po ibly d e m f
a n an r ss r a o

mi t i i g d it i the efo e i p ti ly ece y

a n a n n , an s r r rn e ra ve n ssar

th t we houl d e to e the b l ce by g e t upe io ity

a s r s r a an a r a s r r

t yet we th t whe Lo d De by call ed thea n r r on

f the T e u y to i ve tig te the m

a se a se e

m
;

Com ittee tte r n a a r,

p oved th t the co m
o r as s

it w as r p tive fo ce f the two cou

a a ra r o n

t i e w uch th t eve if we could h ve m ed u

r s as s ,
a n a a nn o r

s hi p they wo l d h ve bee
s, tte ly i ufficie t f the
u a n u r ns n or

defe ce of u wide p e d i te e t
n o r -
s r a n r s s .
MANNING THE NAVY ( CO NT INU ED ) .
— MEASURES OM ITT ED . 12 3

At the p e e t m om e t whe the com

r s n p i o i hi p n n ar s n n s s

m
,

(except i i o h ip ) ni o
r n e i ou sf vo u E g
sl d s r n r a r, n an

h p ovided called e e ve fo ce f 9 000 e m e

com md i f w d y the e vice f
as r a so -
r s r r o s a n,

while F ce
t i ed e m
ra n ca n an n a e a s s r s o

betwe 4 0 d e in dditio to ra n s a

tho e l e dy i the fleet ; d whil e we e doi g m

en an n, a n

s a r a n an ar n co

p tively othi g i thi the ri ght h d f E gl d ’

wi ely m
ar a n n n s, an o n an s

defe ce we n ,
ki g a g e t effort to pair
ar e s a n r a re

the lo g eglect i ecu i g u v l e l by t o gly

fo tifyi g them But if we co tem
n n n s r n o r na a ar s n a s , s r n

r n .pl te the po ibili ty n a ss

f e iou a eve t as tt ck upo ur ho e wh y

hould it be po tpo ed f the tim
s n n an a a

e which m
o so s r n o s r s,

s s u t el p e
n or s a s

befo e tho e fo tific tio be e vice bl e f defe ce ?

d i the i te imt l e t the ove powe i g ece ity
r s r a ns can s r a or n

t m
an ,
n n r a as , r r n n ss

of h vi g v a ne f pidl y exp di g ou
as an s vl o ra an n r na a

powe ca cely be di puted ; yet we h ve ee h w

r can s r s a s n o

li ttl e thi f ct i pp eciated

s a s a r .

C the e be y doubt how the eco d que tio p

an r an s n s n ro

po ed f co ide tio i the e p ge i to be we ed ?

ns ra n n s a s s an s

The g e t elem
s or r

e t whi ch co titute ou v l powe h ve

r a n s ns r na a r a

NOT bee vigo ou ly n d wi ely de l t with

r s d they a an s a , an re

NOT o g i ed to j u tify the eli ce we pl ce i the

so r an s as s r an a n

n avy the i viol bl e afegu d f u de t i te e t

as n a s ar o o r are s n r s s .

W h ve all e d i the ew p pe the ece t ppeal

e f u m
r a n a

e ch t p i ce to Lo d Palm
e a n s rs r n a

o f om s o o r e to f
r an r n s r rs n or

the eductio f expe di tu e a d othi g x p t th o n r n n

fety f the cou t y ca po ibly be m

n

o e im
r , n e ce e

po t t ;
m
n r n ss

m m
o r

m
sa r an

b u t we i p l o e tho e g e tl e r to ke o e i q
su i i e n en a s n r s

f them elve befo e they give the weight f thei

s s, r

i fl u ce to the cla m ou f the i di c im

or o r

n en i te eduction r or n s r na r
1 24 ADMIRALTY ADMINISTRATION .

o f o ur o ce which h fo m
f r s, ed f the tapl e c i e
as fr o ne o s r s o

ce t i cl f poli ti ci
ass o

It i ve y well t y with Lo d Ove to e it m

a r a n a ns .

u t

ev be th t F e ch m
s r o sa r rs n , s

n er a y h oul d l d b ut he e we
a r n ar s an , r

xclu ively p ep i g t defe t it whil e we

s r ar n o a ar e

deli be t ly eglecti g the o ly m

ar e e ,

ra e n e n fp ti g i t n a ns o r e ve n n

Depe d upo it u g e t m e ch t f omthe d y f

.

n n o r r a r an s r a s o

Eli z beth dow w d we e ight i co t tly u gi g

d L gi l tu e i p t tim
a n ar s r r n ns a n r n on

the C ow r n an e e th t the y
s a r n as s, a n av

i the g e t fou d ti o r a f u we l th n a d p o pe i ty o o r a an r s r

oci ted with the i t e t f Com m

s n ,

i di olubly
n ss as s a e e n er s s o rc ,
as

with th o e f the co t y t l ge ; b t the vy w un r t

i tho e d y t the m
s o a ar u na as n o

n s a s,e exte t it i w u t di g
o sa n as s no o r s an n

f o ti e defe ce f om
,

r n r the foot t p f i v de
n r s e o an n a r

The ge tlem
.

e who ig ed thi ppe l will be e l

be ef cto t the cou t y if they will dvoc te co om
n n s n s a a r a

n a rs o n r y a a e

p t d p cel f effective d m
n

as ar an ar i i t ti o ;
o d i ce a n s ra n an s n

it h bee p oved beyo d the powe f de i l th t b d

as n r n r o n a a

m
a a

ytm s e i i evit blys n expe ive a d th t

an e e ex o n e , an

m
s ns a no r

di
en tu f o ey
re o
g i ve the lne t e u i ty
ca n f effic i e t as s c r or an

o ditio f v l ff i l t them t fix thei tte tio

p n

n o

the e o m
c n a a

ou e timt b ut u ge i the
na a rs, e no r a n n

exclu ively s on

m e dm
n r s s a e s, r n

fir t pl ace
s e t f y t mwhe eco om
an a n y woul d
n o s s e

d m
, n n

follow ; fo l egi l tor a o t e peci l ly if co ected

s a r, a n s s a

with the com m

nn

e ce f the cou t y i bou d t i i t

the mi te e f
r o n r ,
s n o ns s

efficie t vy the i di
pe bl e feg u d f the Com m
on a n n an c o an n na as n s

n sa sa o we l th
ar o n a .

If they will b ut devot th ei e l ged xpe i e ce e d r n ar e r n an

thei h bit f bu i e to thi ubject they will fi d thi g

r a s o s n ss s s ,
n n s
MA NNING THE NAVY (CONT INU ED) — . MEASURE8 OMITT ED . 12 5

in such co di tio that e m i d coul d de i e to

e m paid ff u til y temh d bee e t bli hed
a n n n o san n s r se e

o ne s a an o n a s s a n s a s

d got i to wo ki g o de by wh ich the pe ce e t bli h

m
an n r n r r, a s a s

e t coul d be pidly exp ded by ble o g i tio f

th t efficie t c ew m
n ra an an a r an sa n o

u
o r r s e ou ce r s , so i ght be e dily p
a n r s r a ro

i d d f the g e t fleet we h ve b uil t b ut with to i h

m f m i g
v e or r a a , as n s

i g i co i te cy p ep ed e A d
they wi ll l o p ob bly fi d th t the umthe cou t y
n n ns s n r ar no an s o ann n . n

a s r a n a s s n r

woul d pe d eve tu lly i co ectio with the e

e ve houl d the te mbe clo ed with by
s n n a n nn n s re

s, s r m s s

m
s r e n,

ight uffice to p ovi de ll that woul d be equi ed t

s r a r r o

e t bli h the ecu ity f the cou t y A g e t vi g woul d

l tim tely cc ue f omth m mlle pe ce
s a s s r o n r . r a sa n

l o uch

e t th t will uffi e i qui et tim

a s u a a r r e a

e t bli hm
s r a

e whe it my
be g ded t as the p i cip l fo ce f em
s a s n a s c n s, n a

re ar no e ge cie b ut r n a r or r n s,

th e u cl e u
n f the g e t ds pid exp io which
o r a an ra

my be elied whe the fou d tio f u mitim

as an s n

a r on , e
n n a ns o o r ar

t e gth h v bee thu e de ed v il ble

em ti g f omGove
s r n a e n s r n r a a a .

I the whol e p ep tio r ar a ns an a n

e t f the defe ce f the o t y othi g i m

n r rn

m oe u c un r

p i i g th the eglect f the m

n or n o ,
n n s r s r

e f defe ce i wh ich
m
r s n an n o an s o n n

u g e t u pe i o i ty li e ely M
em
o r r a s r r s, n a , en .

The p o pect of i v io i co ide ed ot d

as

the co que ce woul d be e io if it we e m

r s n n s ns r so r e , an

n se s u ch so s r us r so as

ttem
n

pted could it eve be eve thought po ibl e th t

the whole com u i ty m
r

m
a , or n ss , a

ight be expected e dily to

n e t r a ass n

to b llot p ovi di g f
a a , e e e fo ce ove d bove
r n or a r s rv r r an a

T h e Rifl e V olu n te e r s o r igin ate d e n tire l in th e tr i o ti c fe e l in s f

m
y pa g o

th e p e opl e , an d n o t in th e l ea st with th e Gov e rn e n t.

1 26 ADMIRA LTY ADM INISTRATION .

the egul m ili tia ar The you ge d l ea t e cum be ed r an

m woul d be t ke f the l tte whe volu t e f il ed ;

r . n s n r

while g e t m
a a r

f R e ve m
en n or n n e rs a

iliti ight be fo m ed f the

i de to the m m i G e t B it i
a r a a o es r r o

em ou t f
t be divided by om i l li t i to egi m
r a n r a n o en n r a r a n,

o n e t d m na s s n r n s an co

p i
an e s,w ith dep ots t co ve i e t p l ce af m d
n n n a s or ar s an

cl othi g the g e t tio l e e ve f the ol e object f

n as r a na na r s r or s o

m
,

eeti g e iou i v io ; b ut ll t i i g houl d be

n s r s n as n a ra n n S en

ti ely volu t y d they houl d t be call ed ut eve no

m
r n ar , an s o n

f u te except i c e f g eat public pe il Thi as

woul d fo mthe g d e e e
or s r n o r r . s

r d to the objecti o
ran r s rv , an n

th t if u t i ed the fo ce woul d be u ele the eply i

a n ra n r s ss , r s

th t houl d (1 e th e te volu ta y t ai i g would

e ge e l d whe i m m
an g r r a n, n r r

i e t the e e ve m
s n n

becom
a

n ra an il iti
n n n r s r

woul d it elf e fo ce the demd th t it houl d be im

a

m
, , ,

n r e an a s

di t ly e m
s

bodi ed
W e e thi m ea u e com
a e

bi ed with i timte co ec
.

r s s r n an n a nn

tio f egim e t f the li e with p ti cul d i t i ct d

if e ch m ili ti dep ot we e com
n o r n s o n ar ar s r s , an

po ed f ld ol di e f
the egim
a a r s o o s rs o

e t co ected with it the e ul t woul d

d d im
r so nn r s

m
n ,

e ely to ns t e gth by pl ci g u fully two

our s r n

m
a , a n s

o th i dv ce f p e e t po itio without i fli t
n s n a an o o ur r s n s n, n c

i g the l e t p e e t i co ve i e ce
as r s n i di idu l
n n If
m i c e f ttack
n n n o n on e n v a .

the people f E gla d o e n n r s as o n e

wi thout om
o an n as o a ,

e p eviou pl it would be too l te t

m
s r s an ,

ul d m
a o or

g i
an z e d
on e ,they wo an eet to g ethe b i r as a o n

u tte co fu io whe e if m
r n s n, e u e f thi ki d h d
r as a as r o s n a

bee p ep ed d fully expl i ed they woul d h ve their

n r ar an a n a

pl ce p ovided e dy f them
,

a s r , to f ll i to ; d eve if
r a or a n an n
MANNING THE NAVY (C ONT IN UED) — MEASURES SUGGESTED 1 2 7 . .

the to mbu t eve u dde l y thei i t uctio

oldi e woul d i t tly com m
s r rs r so s n , r ns r n as

s rs e ce n s an n

The ifle vol u tee (who would f c e be exem

.

r n rs,pted o ur s

f om the ope tio f the b ll ot) d the egul m

o

ra n o il iti
with the egim
r a an ar

would fo m
, r a,

r e t f the li e powe ful fi t r n s o n a r rs

li e f defe ce whi h woul d d il y be ec uited by the

e t f the m m
n o n c

egim
, a r r

r n s oili ti y f e ve which u d ch
a ar o r se r e r su

c i cu m t ce woul d pidl y becom

, n

r s an s e effective ra

Thi my ppe om ewh t p t f omthe que tio f

.

m i g the vy ; b ut the g e t p i iple f ll m

s a a ar s a a ar r s n o

na a

m
an n n r a r nc

bei g bou d to e ve i c e f im
o en

n n i e t pe il
s r o ly n as o n n r ca n

eg d e m
n

be c ied ut arr o e o i te tly wi th the

as r ar s s a n, c ns s

i e tim
n

ble object f p e e vi g thei ffectio by pply

a

i g to them exceptio l y te m
n s o r s r r a n s,

b ut by t e ti g them
n a

no i r a

ll e pect i the m
n na s s n n

e m e thei fell ow cou t ym

,

a r s s n sa e ann r as r n r n

cl i mt be ex
-
.

O the othe h d they h ve

pted f om thi m o t im po t t duty f eve y f ee m
r an ca n a no a o

em
n ,

e ly ex cted f om
r s r an o

e vice w fo m
s r r an ,

d if too eve e them a r

the St te c ot w give up it j u t cl im them

an s r a s r as r r ,

a a nn no f s s a on or

the public defe ce to which they e e t i l ; f it i ar e so ss n a or s

ved f omthe
n ,

by l o e th t the cou t y co ul d be
se a a n a n r sa r

h o o whi ch w u w oil woul d i evit bly c u e

ar on o r o n s a a s

wh teve m
rr rs n

ight be the ul tim

,

a r te e ult ; d th cou t y a r s an e n r

my depe d upo it th t e m
a n e wi ll h ve
n de i e t a s a n a no s r o

void the oblig tio if it i cl i m ed u de f i co di tio

a a n r a r n ns

A Act f P li m
a n, s .

e t houl d be the efo e p ed t

o ar a n s r r ass o

y temp ovidi g f the

n

e t bl i h Ge e l m
s a s aili ti n ra a s s ,
r n or na

ti l defe ce by d by l d d ufii i t p opo

fi he m
on a n sea an an , an a s c en r r

tio f e f i g pe o f each cl
n o s a ar n u ch rs n s o e as s, s as s r n,
128 A DMIRA LTY A DMINISTRATION .

bo tm e em e i fo eig d i the co ti g t de f n an n as n ra so ar

pted f om
n, s a r

be di ti gui hed ll hithe to exem

a n n ,

they '

can s n s a r r

d left to the te de m e ci e f i m pe m
as

the m
,

iliti e t
houl d be cho e by b llot d om
r s o r ss

i l li t m
a an n r n ,

de ut
a an n na s s a o

f e ch m
s s n ,

at the diffe e t po t ; the obli g tio r n r s a n o a an so

cho e to e ve i th vy i c e f g e t publi c d ge
s n s r n e na n as o r a an r

bei g oted the egi t tio li t d e ch hip s ra s s , an on a s

’
s

e e ve m
n n on r n

m u te oll A th ili ti ho e t
m could be c lled ut til the d ge w im
e r s r a on s r no a

m
s r r -
. s ,

an a o i e t un an r as n n ,

nor u n de go t i i g except t hi w choice b ut g e t

r ra n n a s o n r a

dv t g houl d be hel d t t i duce themt do ;

,

a an a es s ou o n o so

an d if the pl p opo ed f t i i g up g e t um
an r s be f o ra n n r a n rs o

boy i the vy f the m

s n e ch t e vice we e followed
na or r an s r r

out the e woul d be

,
r g ou d f e ly ecollectio which a r n o ar r ns ,

wo ld i u e pid p og e to fli i y
It my be i d th t the m
u ns r a ra r r ss e c e nc .

a ili ti
sa bou d o ly to e ve
a

withi the U i ted Ki gdomb ut l d m

a a re n n s r

n n e coul d f n an s n o

cou e o l y be em
,

rs n ployed f th p bli c defe ce withi or e u n

the ki gdom d e m
n

n e with effect o ly po the

an s a n, n u n

m o e withi the U i ted K i gdom

, ,

se a the te the ef r r
”

p ob bly g ow p f ome m
; , r , n n n ,

h as r a r e h i g bee hi the to
n u

ltogethe excluded f om
r s a n av n n r

a r the ope tio f the Mili ti Act r

d if the te mf the defe ce f the cou t y we e u ed

ra n o a ,

”
an r or n o

w Act i t woul d p ob bly m

n r r s

i th eet y diffic lty f r u

thi ki d Ev i ce the m
n e ne , a an o

iliti p i cipl e w dopted

m
s n er s n a r n

e h ve bee i tim
. as a ,

e f w fo ced t e ve with
m
se a n a n, n o ar , r o s r

o ut y li
an i t ti o ; b u t it wo
a u l d ppen pe fectl y a ar r co n

i te t with the p i cipl e which pply to ll d qui t

e them
r n

ble to eam
s s n s a a an e

elve if u de the m
,

a s n e ge e l
s s, n r sa n ra
 M ANNING THE NAVY ) —MEASURES OMITTED 129
(
C O NT INU ED . .

egu l tio ppli ca bl e to ll cl e i othe e pect the

b lloted e f i g m we e equi ed to e ve i
r a ns a a a ss s n r r s s,

a s a ar n en r r r s r

m
n

e t e m e ge cy thei w e l e e t b u t o l y f
the defe ce f the cou t y To li m
a g r a o r n n r o n n , n or

i t thi howeve ton r s, r,

m
n o .

an y p ti cu l
ar di ta ce f o ar the ho e
s wo u
nl d dep iv e r s r r

exem
,

the fo e f ll utility
rc o a plified i the ca e f the , as n s o

N v l Co t Volu tee b ut if thei e vice we

a a as n rs r S r re co n

fi ed to the Ch
n el fleet d to the qu d o f a t
ann an s a r ns o co s

defe ce com
,

po ed f fo ce cti g e pecially i defe ce f

the cou t y eve though they m
n , s o r s a n s n n o

n r ight foll ow ut th t object

n o a

ce f om it co t thi e t i ctio woul d m

,

a t di ta s an r s eet the as s, sr s r n

objectio d p ob bly l ge um
n , an be f m f tho e
r a ar n rs o e n, o s

o ce thu em
n b ked woul d e dil y volu tee f ge e l
s ar ,
r a n r or n ra

e vi ce
The mitim e populatio m
s r .

ar u t lw y be the fir t c ll ed n s a a s s a

i to tio f the p ot ctio f the cou t y d the

ac an

e p ticul a s di ffe f om
n n or r e n o n r

duty m ece ily i om

,

u t s n ssar n ar r r r

th t equi ed f the la d m
s

a r r ili ti ; the efo e it woul d b

o n a r r e

o l y j u t th t ddi tio al dv nt ge should be exte ded n

eaf i g cl e f omwhomea li e a d m
n s a a n a a a s

to the s ar n ass s, oe r r r n r

o e ou dutie will be p ob bly equi ed a d who e

n r s s r a r n s se r

ble im
r

f uch ine tim

,

vice po t ce to the cou t y t n r a

beyo d the lim

s ar e o s s a r an

l ge ; b ut thi
ar ubject woul d l e d fs s it a ar n s

p opo ed f thi wo k
r s or s r .

Ve y g e t dv tage woul d al o tte d the pplica

r r a a an s s a n a

tio f the am
n o e y temt the office as well as to thes s o rs

m
s

m f the com
en o e cial vy who e ervice woul d be f r na ,
s s s o

th e g e te t be efit to the cou t y i

r a s n ca e of y g e t n r n s an r a

K
1 30 A DMIRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

p il i i g d woul d be ch fully give if they we

er ar s n , an ee r n re

de l t with i ki dl y d libe al pi i t
pect t the u ge t qu e ti o f et e h m
a n a n an r s r .

Wi th re s o e t r n s n o r r nc n

the i fe e c t be d w f om my f ct th t h ve p
,

n r n e o ra n r an a s a a a

pea ed woul d ve y t o gly uppo t the opi io th t v t

um
a as

y temwhi ch woul d
r ,
r s r n s r n n

ar w ted u de th r e s

m
s s e as n s

be v d u de sa o e effective Th
r w te
a f r o ne e as o

m
e n .

o ey o th h bou f efuge th l vi h expe di tu e

n n e ar rs o r , e a s n r

on u una vail abl e a d ill devi d Vol u tee

o r Re e ve n -
se n r s r s,

with the h y ve tu l exp e eckl e ly i cu ed i

them
ea v e n a e ns s so r ss n rr n

gi ve t o uppo t t thi op i
s r n i o Su ppo i g r

m had accepted the te m d joi ed th Volu tee

o s
, g s n n . s n

om md ove
en r s, an n e n

Re e e the State woul d h ve had

s rv ,
a no c an r

thei i ce u til ho tili tie we e the ve ge f b eak

m
r se r v s n s s r on r o r

i g ut d they woul d h ve p ovided

o an e f g a r no o ra

du lly exp di g the pe ce e t bli hm

n , ans

a an e t whe d ge
n a s a s an rs

th ea te ed fi m di ta ce He ce would till have co

n n

ti ed the ece ity f m

r n o a s n . n s n

nn ai t i i g n f la ge fleet
ss or n a n n a ar r r

du i g peace th need be kept up if i t ad f e e ve

the l t em
an

e ge cie the Adm

r n , ,
ns e o r s r s

f or as i alty h ad p o ided
r n s, r r v

a dv ced gu d v il bl e whe clou d appe ed i the di

an ar s a a a n s ar n s

ta ce thu i ve ti g the ul i g powe with u ed m

n s n s n e r n

the to meem
, rs as s r a ns

o f gradual i c e e ed t d aw e e
n r as as s r s o ar r

Whe we h ll be ble to cl imthe e vi c

r n

f om
.

s a e a

00 t i ed e m
n a s r es o s

e t the pp o ch f ho tili tie f

ra n s a

whom l ge p opo tio coul d be c lled ut whe the

n a a r a o s s, o

p tively em
ar

d ge w com
r r n a o n

ote with
o e fo m i g the g e t ultim
r as

m
an ara r , or

te e e ve t be e o ted to i
ext em
r

y i a com
r n r a

e public da ge the eco om

a r s r o r s r n

r paratively
n r, n n n
 MANNING THE NA VY (CONTINU ED) — MEASURES OMITT ED . . 1 31

sm pe me t pe ce e t b i hm
all r e t wo d be e t e y
an n a s a l s n ul n ir l
eco c b e with p de ce
ila l o c ed b ut, l all

e e ve o y becom e t em
r n ru n as as o ur so
; n
g
-

e v be nl e e cy eve a aila l in gr a
ppo g them
r s r s r
g
to be co de b e m
n , n

su sin o t ve y ge n si l in a lar
ce pe ce mt l w y be m
ra un , a r

fo r in i t a ed Wh e how a n ain il
eve the who e m
us

e v beo y m
a a s

m
.

be l o t r o f s ea n a aila l nl

m c ve the Co t g d
r nu a un s

to 9 000 en obv o in l us i of as -
uar ,
i t is i us

th t eve u p e e t ve y l ge pe ce fo ce ca ot b
a n o r r s n r ar a r nn e

afely educed l ooki g to the tate f Eu ope u til a

m
s r n s o r

m
, , n

s
y te
s giv i g g e t d
n p i d e a s
r a f exp ans i
ano h as ra n o n

bee effectively o g i ed
The choice i ho t e t betwee devi i g m
n r an s .

,
n s e
r , f
r s s n s n ans o

pidl y exp di g u fo ce whe d ge ppe to be

f m i tai i g a war e t bli hm
ra an n o r r n an rs a ar

d wi g igh e t
du i g pe ce Whe the fo m
ra n n ,
or o a n n n s a s n

e hall be b ought in to
xi te c eductio m m
r n a . n r r s r

fo ll ow d the eco o y t b
thu effected m m a i ed f om
e s n e, r
y a ns o
a e , n n

be i the f ct th t
m flo t cost at least
s y g a a n r a

te li g cou ti g
em
en a a s r n ,
n n

the expe e f the hi p they

ns s o ployed i Now if
s s ar e n .
,

we put top to the e t y f av l volunteers a d

e t bli h the chem
a s n r o n a ,
n

e ou de p i ciples afte
passi g the Ge e l Mil iti Act e m
re -
s a s s on s n r r n r

e would eage ly
flock t the Re e ve t ecu e them
n ra

elve f om
n a ,
s a n r

s r s the o s

m
o r s s r co n

ti g o f
en c co p ul o y ervi ce d i t i p ob
s r bl e th t
s the an s r a a

effectu l m
n
y ,

e u e by whi ch ll co ti ge cie woul d be

p o ided gai t m i ght be cove ed by the umthe
a as r s a n n n s

r v a ns ,
r s s

p e e t R e ve woul d i the l o g u co t I thi

the peace e tabli hm
es r s n n r n s

e ll ved f om
r s n . n s

c as a sa r e t woul d be pu e s s n r

g i t
a n, no o l y i th e ed
n uctio of nexpe e b ut i r the n ns ,
n

K 2
1 32 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

dv t ge the cou t y woul d gai i ub tituti g n

which appe t have com
n r n n s s n a

effective y tem
a an a s

f bi ed
um
ars o n

axim e with the m

or on e

i im
s s

the m umf expe f effici e cy

be i 1 8 5 8 the omi bu e d ivi g
n o n

em
o ns

will em
.

Eve y
bout the t eet f Lo do wi th ilo flag d m
r on e r r n n s s r n

u ic
’

if we we e i the m
a s r s o n n sa rs s an s ,

i d t of hot w i tea d f
e ely a m
n s a ar , ns o re

ll p ec utio a y i c e e f m
r

qui i g m
as

du i g tim
r n r s a r a n r n r as o en

e f pe ce Tho e effo t ai ded by 1 0L

o t co tly ffai f eve y m l eady i the
a s r s, a

bou ty ( m
r n a o .

fleet eceived half bou ty ) b ought i m lowly i

n a s s a r, or r an a r n

lim ited um
r n ,
r n en s , n

be d f ve y i fe i o qu lity whil e uch

dem o t tio would t y tim
n r s, an o r n r r a , s

ns ra e affo d a p etext f a an r

l arm
ns r O

a t othe poweo r rs .

Al though the p e e t t te f the wo ld ugge t the r s n s a o r s s s

p ude ce f putti g u hou e i o de without del y ir

cum i fi i tely m
r n o n o r s n r r a , c

t s a n ce s are o e f vou ble f the pu po e

n n r a ra or r s

tha they n likel y to be fte the ch ge

ar e d eve ts a r an s an n

thi ye i likely to produ ce If it i objected th t u

s ar s . s a o r

co di tio i bad th t the l e ai d about it the bette

s so

the we i th t b d it m
n n a ss s r,

an s r s,
y be
a i t i d a
a il y g ow i g a ,
s r n

r el tively wo e The f ct
a rs . t to be co ce l ed a d s ar e n o n a , an

ar far bette k ow i F ce th he e while the o ly

hope f a em
e r n n n r an an r n
,

edy i by ou i g public opi i o to the

ecessity f u ed m
r s r
‘

o sn n n

e bei g o ga i ed t p ovide
m
n o ass r an s n r n s o r

an y i c e e
n r asf the fleet th
o at i ght be equ i ed du i g r r r n

the co ti u ce f peace d g e t e e ve f w
n n an o ,
an r a r s r s or ar .

U til the cou t y i thu p ovi ded the p e e t l ge pe c

e tabli hm e tm u t be m
n n r s s r r s n ar a e

s s nai tai ed s n n .
 O
REC NSTRUCT I N OF THE NAVY O . 1 33

CHAP VII . .

RECONSTR CTI N OF THE NAVYU O .

SHIPS em e h ve bee cho e f pe i l

S a n, i a n s n or s c a co n s

t bec u e they m
,

de ti o o e e peci l ly how the i ffi

m
ra n no a s r s a s ne

i f v l d i i t ti o b ut bec u e the g e t
elem
c en c o na a a n s ra
y n, a s as

vy it i to p ovi de them
r a

e t which co titute ns a na

i l ty m
n s s r

th t the Adm
,

i du p opo tio to e ch oth

n e r r n
y a er a ra a

be id to exi t d the efo e thei co di tio co clu

Sa s an r r r n n n

f i l u e f the y tem
,

i ly how the ucce

s ve s s s ss o r a r o s s .

If fu the p oof f i t i effici e cy we e equi ed the e

r r r s o s n r

t how im
n r r , r

i h dly ubject which woul d il e ul t

excepti g i tho e dep tm e t upe i te ded by pe m
s ar on e s no S s ar r s s,

e t he d With e pect to hip lthough the Adm

n n s ar n s s r n n r a

n n a s . i l ty
r s S s, a ra

h as e ti ely f il ed to ecog i e it g e t e po ibili ty i

r a r n s s r a r s ns n

mi t i i g dequate fo ce yet ou hip m

n

a n a n n an a odel r ,
r s s as s

ar e decidedly upe io to tho e f F ce d the s r r s o r an , an co n

di ti o f the docky d i l o u p i i gly good c

n o i de
ar s s a s s r r s n ,
o ns r

i g ll the difficulti e u de whi ch they h ve bee pl ced

ve y b dl y m ed
n a s n r a n a .

W h ve ee th t u hip
e a s n a o r s s ar e r a ann ,

a d th t h bit
n a f i ubo di tio a ppe to h ve bee
s o ns r na n a ar a n

e t bli hed I the u l ucky c e f the P i ce Roy l

s a s . n n as o
“
r n ss a ,
”

whe e ei af c o pu po e ce tai ly woul d h ve

s r es o r ss r s s r n a

om
r

a ffo dedr e excu e (if ythi g could excu e ct

s s ,
an n s a s

I 3
1 34 ADM IRA LTY ADM INISTRATION .

likely to p oduce co eque ce r pe ilou to the be t

ns n s so r s s

i te e t f the cou t y ) ut f 1 04 i ote the e we e

o ly th ee bl e e m
n r s s o n r , o o r rs , r r

e d the hip du i g the whol e

m
a s a s r n

p i od f h com
n r n, an

er o i i o h d bee u de co t t di ffi
er ss n a n n r ns a n

c ul ti f om
es the i ubo di te pi i t whi ch p ev il ed i
r ns r na s r r a n a

ve y you g d i expe ie ced c ew ; while ( i the ul e

r n an n r n r as s r

a d n t the excepti o ) the petty office

no coul d exe ci e
n ,
rs r s

utho i ty becau e thei po itio i t e t bli hed s no so s a s

to upport themag i t the i tim

n o a r s r s n

as s i da tio exe i ed a ns n n rc s

u de ge e l el x ti o f di cipli e whi ch i the b e

f ll com
n r a n ra r a a n O s n ,
s an

o a fo t a i t i rf ll efficie cy s s o a

With e pect to office f om

, n .

r s the hi ghest to the lowe t rs,

th e e i but to m
r s

uch g du d f di tisf ctio The

mde i Chief t the hom
r s o r n or ssa a n

Com the m
.

e po t ee
epe te f the elect ic teleg ph d the m
an rs n -
a r s ar e r

ll e t m
-

— ove
m
a rs o r ra an s

e t f the Ch el q d o i di ctated by the Adm

r , a s

n o ann s i
ua r n s

l ty ; i it u p i i g th t di cipli e i el x ed whe the

t m
ra s s r r s n a s n s r a n

office who i t i it
are dep ived f ll auth
o a n a n

ity ? i it u p i i g th t the m
rs ar e r o a o

o t e e ti l y i t l
p t f v l dm
r s s r r s n a s ss n a ,
na V a

ar s i i t ti o egl ected whe

the whol e tim
o na a are a n s ra n n , n

e f the Bo d i f itte ed w y i t ki g
o ar s r r a a

the dutie ut f the h d f th e fi e to whomthey

n a n

h ve bee om
s o o an s o o c rs

a i all y e t u ted ?
n n n n r s

The deg ee i whi ch the elf fid

r n f the e ice s -
co n e n ce o s rv

h bee l owe ed by th i petty i te fe e ce i i

as n r l cul bl e
s n r r n s n ca a ,

an d office ll owed rs a f ee cti o i the pettie t detai l

no r a n n

m
s s,

ar e a p t to i cu fe n f e po i
r a bili ty wh i ch
ar o
y p od u ce r s ns a

e iou co equ e ce he e fte f whe g e t em

r

s r s ns n s e ge r a r, or n r a

cie a i e it will be wholly ut f the powe f th e Adm

r n

s r s i o o r o
 RECO NSTRUCT IO N OF THE NAVY . 1 35

ral ty co ti ue to di ect eve y detail ; a d m

to a y duti e

o t im
n

which m
n r

po ta t eve t m
r n n s,

on
y t
su w ill ta d till r n n s a rn , s n s

u til the w tate of i u de to od

The p o pe t f office i ge e al ar ve y m
n ne s s n rs .

r s c s o uch the rs n n r e r

s po t f ccide t a d f vou f though i om

r o a n e c e n a r, or n s as s

the p t o ag e h as bee exe ci ed with the fai e t i t

a r n

their i te est a e left l m

n r s r s n en

ti o ns, o t e ti ely to the Fi t

n r s r a s n r rs

Lo d who ca have li ttl e k owledge f thei e pecti v

m e it cl im d he i t ofte under the i flue c
r , n n o r r s e

r s or a s, an s oo n n n e

o f the politi cal ex ige ci e f hi p ty Th e co equ e ce n s o s ar . ns n s

e iou ly felt i the ge e al di a ti f ctio th t p evail

pa t of the y temm
ar e s r s n n r ss s a

o e u ge tly requi e im
n a r s,

d
p ovem
an no r s s r r n r s

r e t th the po itio f office

n an d the p i cipl e s n o rs, an r n s

whi ch thei i te e ts de lt with

To tu t a othe m
r s a

o t im
on r n are .

po t t subject the i t o
ductio f teamh a ope ed a wi de e w field f aval
rn o n r s r an : n r

m
n o s s n or n
'

e deri g the i ve tig tio f the ubject by

a ctual ex pe im
a u
nce es vr , r n n n s a n o s

e t a d the educatio f office i the

.

e de ed po ible m
n o

w com
r n , n rs n

ne bi atio it h n nstte f as r n r ss , a rs o

the fi t ece ity ; eve thele i pite of e pe te d an d

rs n ss n r ss, n s r a

u ge t ep e e tati o
r n r c cely t of coal ha bee ex
r s n ns , s ar a on s s n

pe ded f the purpo e u l e it h a bee withi the l t

mll qu d o w
n or s ,
n ss s n n as

f w week whe it i tated th t

all owed to pe fo m f w m uv te m It
e s, n s s a a s a s a r n as

u de

woul d ppe th t the Ch a el fleet m

r r a e anoe re s n r s a .

ar ight h ve beea nn a n

em
a

ployed i wo ki g ut thi g e t que tio d th t

d i g al m
n r n o s r a s n, an a

a code f i t uctio o ight have bee

ns r ns an S n s n

fou ded n the e ult whil e the p actice woul d h ve

on r s ,
r a

bee i valuable to the cou t y i ce f eque t colli io

n n n r , s n r n s ns

x 4
1 36 ADMIRA LTY A DMINISTRATION .

and gr a et o
c n fus i o m u t i evi t bly occu if fleet i t o

m
a r a s

m
n s n

m ke
its firs t expe i e t i te t ct i c i the f ce f a o

y Should di te e ue the dm
r n s n s a a s n

e em
a

i l d rs ns a ra s an

office mt be the bl m
an n . sas ,

e though the whole e po i

the Adm
rs us ar a ,
r s ns

bili ty woul d j u tly e t i l ty who h ve ra a

efu ed t l l ow te mm uv e to be p cti ed d
s r s on ,

r s o a s a an oe r s ra s , an

fo bi dde
r the expe di tu e f oal e e a y f the
n n r o c n c ss r or

P u por e s

Wh y m t the Ad m i al who w ill be he l d re

m
a no r s,
y
o ibl e by the co t i ti e f w be all owed t o

md thei w qu d o d to e de them
u n r o ar ,

com
s p ns
y n

an r o n s a r ns an r n r

effici e t ? Though of cou e it i ece a y t put

n rs s n ss r o a

ch k o the e xpe di tu e f coal ce t i qu tity

hould be ll owed f the exe ci e f m
ec n n r o , a r a n an

a uv i o n oe res , n

the am
a or r s

e me
S

s powde d hot i allowed f that

ann r as r an s s or

f the gu
An othe ve y im
o ns .

po t t poi t i th t we h ve
r r r an n s, a a no

e gi ee i e e e f w
n n rs n r s rv d tho e i the or vy h ve ar , an s n na a

ge e ally ve y li ttl e practice Thi l e d t poi t i the

F e ch y tem t p eviou ly touched upo ; the e
n r r . s a s o a n n

r n s s no r s

vy f whom
n r ar e

3 5 00 e gi ee bel o gi g to the F e ch
i tim
n n

e f pe ce the m
rs n n r n na , o ,

otp t ll owed to e ve i
m
n s o a , s ar ar e a s r n

e chan t tM f
s co u t y
e rs d F o ce wo
an l d be
e bled by thi m
r y u n r ,
an r an

ea to p ovide eve y hi p f the vy

s ns

i tim
na r r s b
o na

e f w with e gi ee i full p acti ce

The Em
r

pe o e ibl e f the g eat im

n o ar , n n rs n .

r r, s ns po ta ce f thi o r r n o s

cl took the Oppo tu ity f hi vi it t Al gie to ai e

a ss, r n o s s o rs r s

thei positio with the be t effect thei zeal d

ttach m
r n, s on r an

a e t to hi servi ce
n s .
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 1 37

It h a bee thought de i bl e t give thi addi tio al i

s n s ra o s n n

fo m ati o f the e ult f the y temto e fo ce the s

pe tive ece ity f a efo ma d it o l y em

r n o r s o s s n r

im
,

ra n ss ai t o r r ,
n n r ns o

offe f w ob e v tio a to the di ectio i which i t

r a e s r a ns s r n n

woul d eem de i ble t eek f em edy

t u f eque tly m
s s ra o s or a r .

The ep o ch i de ag i t a y
who my devote him
r r a s no n r n a a ns n

elf t the tha kl e ta k f o

a agem
on e a ss

p ovi g the m i m
s n s

e t f om
o

r n ethi g co ected with

s n n o s nn

the i te e t the elf love f um

n

n r s s or be f pe o th t s o a n o

he doe t how how the evil he com

-
r rs ns , a

s no s pl i f to be s a ns o a re

em edi ed b ut it i t lea t h lf w y to em edy to p ove

s a s a a

th t defect exi t i mtte whe e powe ful i te e t

r : a r r

a s a rs r

co ce ed i thei em
s n r r s s ar e

m
n

ov l d ubject oe
vit ll y ffect the i te e t f eve y m i the cou t y
m
n rn n r r a , an no s ca n r

a a n r s o r .
an n n r

th the deplo ble co di tio f v l d i i t tio

an ra n n o na a a n s ra n

which the e p g e h ve p oveds a s a r

The e i othe co ide tio l o f om

.

e weight
r ns ra n a s o s

f em
r s an ,

f if detail ed p opo l edy ugge ted t th sa s o

e tim
or r r ar e s s a e

m e th t the defect expo ed the e i p

di pute m
sa a s ar e s ,
r s a ro

b bili ty th t the defect whi ch s, n o on e can

be put ide d fo gotte whi l e the chem

a s a
a y ,

an e f eco r n, s

woul d di ffe m
as o r n

t uctio whi ch eve y b o b r on e

wh teve otice my be give to the wo k ; d thu

on r, a
s r n,
y a s r

e p opo ed my
a n r an

i te e ted p tie by tt cki g the chem

a r n s

dive t tte ti o f omthe f ct which t di g alo e

n r s ar s, a a n s r s , a

elve l e ad to the em
a n r a s, s an n n

woul d f them
r n , ,

o edy by p ovi g it
s s r r n s

u ge t
r nece ityn ss .

O the e g ou d it w a t fi t i te ded to co fi e s s a rs n

thi wo k t the fo m
n s r n n n n

s r e part f the ubject d thi

o r r o s , an as s
1 38 A DM IRA LTY AD MINISTRATION .

in te tio i dep ted f om

n n swith eluct e the gge ti o
ar r r an c su s ns

emdy will t ke the h pe f a m

,

f
or a r e e e outli e d
a s a o r n ,
an

be t t d ho tly a po ibl e
s a e as S

It i pp e t th t th e o t u ti o f the vy m
r s ss .

s a ar n a u t e r c ns r c n o na s

c om m e ce with th t f the gove i g powe

n a d y o rn n r , an an

a tt m ept t em edy p ti cul evil m

o r u t be f uitl e if ar ar s s r ss ,

the g t e il f ll emi u t uched

re a v o a r a ns n o .

With e pect t th que tio wheth e the p e idi g

v l m whicheve
r s o e s n r r s n

m i i t houl d be civili
my be l e ted will h ve m
n s er s a an o r a n a a a n, r

u ch t l e f if civili
am
a se c ; a o arn or no an

h ou t f k owledge f v l ff i whi ch
qu lify himf the t k it woul d be difficul t t fi d
as an n o n o na a a a rs

a a or as

v l m who e p li m dm
c n , o n

e t y i i t tive ex ar a n ar

m
a na a an s or a n s ra

i fi tt d hi t o c f the o ffice T h e e be n e

v l m po e i g the e q lifi
e r e n ce e a or can
p . r no

doubt howeve th t a a na a an ss ss n

c ti o woul d be im
r, ua

me u bly the m
s

o e efficie t f cou
m
a ns as ra r n ,
o rse

uppo i hi to be we ll cq u i ted wi th hi w a a n
s
g s n s o n

p ofe io The p i cip l objectio th t h b e i i ted r n a n a as

m
r ss n . e n ns s

on a g i t av
a nsl hol di
a ng th i offi ce i
a the ppo i
an n s s su s

tio th t he would be bi ed i f vou f tho e wh h d a ss n a r o s

e ved with h im t l e t he would k ow th v l u e f

n a o a

tho e he m
s r a as n e a o

s i ght f vou whil e the Fi t Lo d ofte l vi he

a r, rs r n a s s

hi p t o age without the lighte t k owl edge f the p f

s a r n s s n o r o es

i oual m e it f tho e he be t w it s o M o eove i the

s s o s on r r, n

v l m the e i the i e timbly im

s r .

na a an rpo ta t check f the

s n s a r n o

opi i o f the vy which car cely ope te t ll

n n o na , s ra s a a on on e

wholl y u co ected wi th the p ofe i o

n nn It h bee r ss n as n

ccu tom my
.

befo e ob e ved th t we s r ed t a are a s o so an

t ge thi ng i v l mtte th t othi g u p i e u ;

r ,

s r an s n na a a rs a n n s r r s s s
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 1 39

b ut i mgi e
a ch gum
n e t thi bei g u ed to t ke
su an ar n as s n s a

l egal p t o ge ut f the h d
a r na f the Ch cell o
o o d an s o an r , an

to give it t om e co ected with the p ofe io

o s on e un nn r ss n,

w h coul d h ve bi ( p t th t f ki d d p liti )
a no as exce a o n re or o cs

bei g pe fectly ig o t f the m

o ,

n r e it f ll It wo ld be
n r an o r s o a u

tep f the (to com

.

goi g o ly
n n on e s plete the a logy with ar r na

the v l p ctice) to u ge th t l wye hould he e

na a ra , r a no a r s r

fte fill the office f Ch cell o d t etu t th an

ci e t cu tomf eccle i ti holdi g the G eat Se l

a r o r, an o r rn o e

o an s as e

vlm
an n s n r a .

But ei the n civili a coul d fill the office

r na a an n o r n

wi th ucce xcepti g upo co di tio m ely th t n on e

houl d fi d e po ible pe me t he d p
s ss e n n n, na , a

th Mi i te n s r s n r s ns an

idi g ove the g e at el em

e r n a s re

s n e t Ship d M
r r well n s, s an e n , as as

ove the othe b che e ch c p bl f fi di g the

r r r an s, a a a e o a or n

full e t i fo m
s tio e pecti g hi dep tm
n r a e t d f givi g
n r s n s ar n an o

ou d dvice d mtu e Opi i o fou ded upo lo g

, n

expe ie ce f it dm
s n a an a r n ns, n n n

r i i t tio o s a n s ra n

Wh teve m m
n

m
.

a y be the pec i
r l ge
a e t y te s a arran n s or s

dopted com m o e e how the im

s

a po ibility f
n s ns s s ss

im
o a

dm
,

civili an i i te i g ff i
a po t t d f which
n s r n a a r s so r an an o

he i pe o lly ig o t wi thout ffo di g himthe e

,

f i fo m
r an a

m
s rs n a n , r n s

e an s o tio ; Vi ew whi ch eceive te fold

n r a n a r s n

fo ce i co e ti o w ith the pe pet l h ge

r n nn c n f G r ua c an o o

v e rn mt e de i g it im
en po ible th t y m
r n r n i i te how ss a an n s r,

eve ble r a emi lo g e ough i office to becom

can r a n e n n n

om pete t to up i te d com
,

c n bi e egul te d if eed
s er n n n r a an n

be efo mff i com plic ted d m

, , , ,

r r a ul tif io u
a rs so a an ar s

To u o d the t te m with bo d f fi mm
, , .

s rr un s a s an a ar o ve e

be each ab olutely without defi ed e po ibility

rs, s n r s ns or
140 A DM IRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

fun ctiom e i g ogethe i tho t ity f opi i o

an d et n t w u un

m ge m f he e oge e mtte c m
ns , r o n n,

to a na a p as s o t r n o us a rs o

he di g eve y v iety f det il whil e m

re

n n o g t the
r ar o a a n s

t gled m co fo ded the m

,

an o t e e ti l d vit l
a s s ar e un s ss n a an

em be the wo t fo mf dm
n a

q e ti o
u s ld ns, w ou i i se to rs r o a n s

trati o n th t c
d be po ibly co ceived
a o ul ss n

I P li m
.

n e t the Fi t L d ge e ll y pe k i hi
ar a n rs or n ra s a s n s

o w pe o n if eve y m e uep t pee t

rs n , as r as r as r s n or co n

tem
, ,

pl t d w the f uit f hi i gl e will d e t d

a e , as r o s s n , an r s e on

h ol e e po ibili ty ; he ppe to t i depe de tly f

rs s r s ns a a rs ac n n n o

hi coll e gue d it i well k ow t the e vi ce th t

s, an

co ta tly dopt d whi ch the m

n s r

m em
s a s n o a

e ue are be f ns a e

the bo d ope l y co dem

as r s n , rs o

ar n n n .

Thi collective e po ibili ty i the efo e cl k to

s r s ns s r r a oa

cove bl de t be c t ide u ed
r un rs , co ve ie ceo as as or s as n n n

my dict te d the f ct whi ch h ve bee befo e t ted

,

a a ,
an a s a n r s a

h ve p oved th t it i de t uctive t the efficie cy f the a s s r o n o

publi c e vice by hi el di g f om
a r

s r the publi c eye tho e who

,
s n r s

shoul d be e po ible to the cou t y f the f ul t

r s ns n r or a s or

def ul t we h ve ofte t eg et a so n o r r

The y temhoul d be eco t ucte d with the View

a s .

o g othe thi g f pl ci g om
s s s r ns r

m
,

a n e check
r edu ctio
n s, o a n s on r ns

bei g mde f pa ty pu po e to the i j u y f the vy

or r r s s, n r o

d ofte to the im
na

m
n a ,

an ne e eve tu l i c e e f expe ns n a n r as o n se

to the cou t y
pect t office it woul d be f the utm
n r .

With re s ot o rs, o s

im po t ce to e de vou t p otect thei i te e t f om

r an n a r o r r n r s s r

the i flue ce f poli tic l jobbi g d the pe petu l o a n an

pe o al oli citatio whi ch i the g ea t m

n n , r a

rs n s jo i ty f case i n n r a r o s s
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 14 1

the hi to y f eve y m p ofe io l li fe ; while p om

s r o r o an s
’
r ss na r

ti o whi ch office j u tly eg d thei bi th ight i

ew d f good e ice f ome ly boyhood houl d
n, rs s r ar as r r r n

r ar or s rv r ar ,
s no

l o ge
n be gi ve
r the pe o l f vou f n who e
as rs n a a r o one s

co ecti o with the vy begi l te i life d l t o l y

n

f w m
nn na ns a n , an as s n

o th V i ou othe ch ge u ge tly

qui ed d m
a e n s ar s an

o g t themth t f ai i g the po itio f

. r s ar e r n re

r , an a n s a o r s n s n o

Li e ute t d M te with the view the

n an s an h d a s, on on e an

o f obt i i g the e vice

a n n f o ffice i the j u i o s r k d s o rs n n r ra n an

the othe f eli evi g the li t f Lieute t f omit

,

on r o r n s o n an s r s

p e e t dep e ed co di tio b ut the ubject i t exte

r s n r ss n n s s oo n

s ive t be de l t with he e
o a r .

The p i ciple the r n whi ch v l eco t uctios, n, on na a r ns r n

houl d be fou ded ppe t be follow a ar o as

che f v l dm
s n s :

1 t The th ee g e t b r i i t tio r a ran s o na a a n s ra

houl d e ch fo m dep tm
s . n

s a e t p e ided ove by p
r a ar n r s r a er

me t he d wh houl d be e po ibl to the Mi i te

d with him
an n a , o s r s ns e n s r,

t the cou t y

2 ud The det il f the e dep tm

an o n r .

e t hould be c i ed ar n s s arr

e po ible f them d t by the

. a s o s

ut by tho e r s ns or an no

up e m
o s ,

e utho ity
f the p i cipl e f pe me cy
s r a r .

3 d The ub ti tutio s n o r n o r an n

i the ge e l mag em
r . s

n e t f N v l ff i f the p
n ra an n o a a a a rs , or er

t
eu l ch age wh i ch w an g e tl y p ev il no so r a r a s
p .

4 th To p ovide f the i te e t f office d f the r s s o rs an o

cou t y by givi g g e te ecu ity g i t p om

.. r or n

n r ,
n otio r a r s r a a ns r ns

bei g co ide ed p i v te p t o ge the th a r na

fam
as r a ra r an as a

publi c t u t a d m
n ns r

ade
r ub e vie t t
s ,
n il y politic l s s r n o or a

inte e t r s s.
1 42 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

5 th b litio f oll ctive d co eque tly

Th e
om d the e tabli hm
. a o n o c e , an ns n

i l e po ibili ty e t f the p i n o

iple f di ect pe o l e po ib ility f the m

n na r s ns ,
an s s r n

o r i i te who
rs n a r s ns o n s r

p e ide ove av l ff i f ll hi m
c

r s r e ure d a a rs, or a as s, an

m
s n a s

g e e ally f
n r ll the dep t e t i co
or a ecti o w i th the i ar n s, n nn n r

e pective hea d
o fo m
r s s.

I n c nity with the e p i cipl e i t i p opo ed th t

r s r n s s r s a

the Mi i te f M i e Sec e tary f St te f th e N y o a or av

wh teve title m
n s r o ar n ,
r ,

ay be p efe ed houl d be a C b i et a n

who woul d p e ide ove the d m

or a r r rr ,
s

Mi i t n s e r, i i t ti o f r s r a n s ra n o

the N vy d be i di vi du lly e po ibl e f all h i c t

a ,
an n a r s ns or s a s
.

Th t the everal b che whi ch i the gg egate

a s ran s n a r con

titute the d m i i t ati o f the N y, houl d be g ouped

a n s r n o av r

tm
s s

u de th ee g e t dep
n r r e t r a ar n s

l 2 3
A P T A IN G ENE
. . .

U T HE C - T HE S U RV EY O R-G ENE T HE C O M P T RO L LER

HA L o r T HE F LEET R A L O F T HE N A VY O F T HE NA VY
m
. . .

HA VING C HA RG E or RESP O N S IBL E TO R T HE HA VING T HE SU P ER

PER SO NNE L o r T HE Ex rz M A T E RIEL IN A LL VI SIO N o r T HE C IVIL
C U TIVH D UT IE S or T HE I T S B RA NC HES . SERVICE .

NA V Y.

It i i te ded that the Mi i te hould h ve full powe

ove the e dep tm
s n n n s r s a r

r e t s ar

The duti e f the He d f the Executi ve Depa tm

n s .

et
would i my esp ect e em
s o a o r n

bl e tho e f the Adj u t t

Ge e l f the A m
n an r s r s s o an

y f cou e com
o p ehe di g the r

de ce of th m u e f m
n ra , o rs r n n

supe i t r n en a i g the
n vy e e as r s or nn n na .

It h as b e e n sa id th a t A d m
i l ra of th e F l e e t wo ul d b e a b e tte r ti tl e ,
in wh i ch th e wri te r woul d a
gre e we r e it n o t alr ea dy h e l d h o n orary
m mi
, as an

distin cti on Th e a l te ra ti on s fr o th e sch e th e fir st e di tion , con si st

m
.
e n

i n ci a ll i n th e ropo sal s b e in t d i a Cl ea re r fo r
pr p y p g p r e se n e n .
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 143

Nothi g fa th eed be i d t how th t it be

co ducted eithe by ix Lo d f the Adm
n r er n sa o S a ca n

n n i alty who
r s r s o r ,

woul d be i co ti ual co fl ict uch a ubject

em
n n n on s

be f the Bo d ove whelm

n s n or

by o m
,

ne red with othe

o ar r r

bu i e d h i g o ep arate e po ibility ; by y
m e wh t ve but pe m a e t ma a em
s n ss an av n n s r s ns n or an

ans a e
g e
r t d di e ct r n n n n an r

pe o l e po ibility
rs n a r s ns

Thi dep tm
.

e t woul d be p ided ove by A d

m
s ar n r es r an

i lra f high p ofe i o al

o k d g eat expe ie ce
r ss n ran an r r n

d woul d com
,

an p ehe d the followi g highly e po ible

r n n r s ns

dutie
The Ge e al uperi te de ce f the fleet i com m
s

n r s i io n n n o n ss n .

Th di ipli e f the vy
The m i g f the vy i pe ce a d war
e sc n o na .

an n n o na n a n .

The upe i te de ce a d t ai i g f the Re e ve

s r n n n n r n n o s r s .

The Royal Mar i e n s

The M edi c l Depa tm

.

e t
The Subm i io of li t f office f p om
a r n .

otio d
ppoi tm
ss n s s o rs or r n an

a e t to the Mi i te
n n s n s r .

The followi g office would id the He d of the

Execu ti ve Dep tm
n rs a

e t by m gi g the det il
a

ar n an a n a s of the
v iou b che u de h i upe i te de ce
ar s r an s n r s s r n n n .

1 t I pecto Ge e l f the N vy
s . ns r -
n ra o a .

Thi s ffi o ce woul d be to the

r na vy at lar ge wh t the
, a

4'
If th e ti tl e of Ad m
i l ra of th e Fl ee t wer e adopte d, th i s Offi ce r woul d

b e Captain of th e F l ee t .
144 ADM IRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

C pt i f the Fl eet ought to be i e ch fleet

a a n O n a or

sq d o the he d f the t ff d he hould be p

ua r n, a o s a ,
an s a

poi ted by the He d f the Executive He woul d i p ct

n a o ns e

t hom
.

all hip sf w s o e d befo e le vi g E gl d

ar a an r a n n an

with the View f m

, ,

i t i i g the effici e cy f the fleet

o a n a n n n o .

He would keep e o d f hi upe io f the qu li ti e

r c r s or s s r r o a s

d m e it f office how by thei e vice d the

rs as s r s r s, a n

t te f the dutie e t u ted to them Shi p

an r s o n

fl ti
‘

s a o s n r s

e f omfo eig e vice would be i pected

ec ve s

ivi g hom
e .

s r ns

e peci l ly wi th the view f ce t i i g the m

ar r n r r n

e it f r a n n

mde He would be the o g f the A d

o as

thei com
s a r s o

r an rs an

m
. r o

i l f the Fl eet i w tchi g ove the di cipli e f the

ra o n a n r s n o

vy d woul d be expected t e t bli h g e te o

ou t f u i fo m
na an s a s a r a r

m
,

a n i ty th
o w exi t i
n r the t t f an no s s n s a e o

di ipli e d efficie cy while hi i flue ce woul d be ve y

sc n an n , s n n r

g e t
r a i p ev ti gn j u t c u e
r f di
en co te t
n d i s a

i v tig ti g to the ve y bottom

s s o s n n , an n

n es a n eve y c e f i ub di r r as o ns or

tio
To hi upe i te de ce woul d be com m
na n .

i tted the whole

n n

y temf t i i g e e ve d the ve el em
s s r n

ployed i
o t im
o ra n n r s r s, a n ss

t i i g boy th t thi m
s s s n

po t t duty m ight be
co ducted with p fect u ifo m
ra n n s, a s s r an

n i ty d the utm er otc n r an s a re

t ke to c e te feeli g f tt chm
,

a n r a e t to the e vice n s o a a n s r .

2nd . The Com

mo do e r of the Co t Gu d as -
ar .

Thi o ce be ide the com md f the Coa t Gu d

ffi
woul d m ge th N v l Co t Volu tee Re e ve u de
s r, s s an o s -
ar

uch m
an a

m
e a a as n r s r s n r

s odific tio i ght be decided a ns as on .

 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 145

3 rd . The Supe i te de t r n n n of the N v a al Re serve s .

The he d f thi b ch woul d c y ut the g e t

a o r a

y teme de i g the e f i g popul tio v il ble f

s ran a rr o

g e t em
s s ,
r n r n s a ar n a n a a a or

r a e ge cie u de the ge e l Militi Act d

r

e t e pecti g the m
n s, n r n ra a an

gem
,

would w tch ove ll a r a a rra n n s r s n en

cho e by b llot u de it p ovi io ; he woul d l o

s n a ,
n r s r s ns a s

su pe i te d the d v
r n ced e e ve p ovided f i c e i g
n a an r s r s r or n r as n

the fleet m i o occ i o on n r as ns .

Thi office wo l d equi e l ge i t ce d whethe

s r u r r ar a s s s an an r

h co ul d be ided by the m
,

e chi e y f the Bo d f
a a n r o ar o

T de woul d be wo thy f co ide tio

ra ,
r o ns ra n .

4 th . The Adj ut t Ge e an -
n ra l of Ma rin es .

Thi s in v al u a ble co p r s ould em

w i r a n un de the m ge
r an a

m
e t n o f on e o f i ts o wn Office rs .

5 th . The Di ecto G e r r -
e n ra l o f th e Medi cal Dep ar t m
e t n .

Thi woul d mi s re a n a s at p e t co tituted u de the

r se n ns ,
n r

ge e l upe i te de ce
n ra s r n n n o f th exec tive he d f the
e y u a o n av .

6 th . The Hyd og phe r ra r of the N vy a .

Thi office houl d be i ve ted with the p ctic l upe ra a s

veyi g e vice d f m
s r s n s r

i te de ce f the
n n o e ue f sur n s r an o as r s or

p ov m
n

the im
,

e t f h bou r e n o ar rs .

dutie f the He d f the Executive

Th e doubtle
e o u d im po t t b ut e ch m
s o a o ar e ss

ve y um
r n r i o b
s an ch r an , as a n r r an

L
1 46 A DM IRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

of dep tm
h is e t woul d be m ged i all it det il by
ar n an a n s a s

a pe me t he d they woul d be f l o e ou th
r an n a ,
ar e ss n r s an

th e whi ch w devolve the Se i o S L d

os no on n r ea or .

A ve y ge e l opi i o p ev il th t the e houl d be

Com
r n ra n r a s a r s a

mde i Chief e po ible f the executive dutie

n

an r n r s ns or s,

f M i e to upe i te d th m
- -

an d Mi i te
a n s r o té iel ar n s r n n e a r

an d fi ce ; b ut u ch
n an a gem e t woul d occ io s an arr n n as n

c flict d je l u ie d co ide ble dv t g e it i s, an

belie ed woul d i e f om t thu dividi g the tw g e t

on s an a o s ns ra a an a s s

no

e t f the vy d f omgivi g the Mi i te the

r

el em
v ar s s n o r a

n s o na ,
an r n n s r

be efit f the d ice d i ta ce f th he d f the

n o a v an as s s n o e a o

xecutive br ch f the vy which he coul d t eceive

f om Com mde i Chi ef
e an o na , no r

r a an r -
n -

f the dep tm
.

The upe i te de s f the det il

r n n e t n ce o a s o ar n

would be the duty f the Head f the Exec tive the o

whom
o

up em
u

the ul timte
,

s e powe wi th the Mi i te
r

e po ibility f ll the depa tm

r n s r, o n a

r s ns e t woul d e t
or a

eco d g eat dep tm

r n s r s .

Th e t woul d co i t f the
m m
s n r

m
e ar n ns s o

a ge
na e t f the te i
n l f the
o vy d the foll ow i g a r e o na ,
an n

office woul d di ect the v iou b che u de the h e d

rs r ar s

f the dep tm
ra n s, n r a

o e t ar n ,

Th e Sur veyor Ge e al -
n r of the N vy a .

1 . The Su veyo r r an d Chi ef Co t ucto ns r r.

The dutie f thi office (with the ece y t ff

s o s r n ssa r s a of

s cie tific as i tan t ) woul d i clude th co t ucti o

n s s s n e ns r n an d

r epai f hip rs o s s .
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 14 7

2 . The E gi ee n n r in C i f he .

Thi office woul d upe i te d l l que tio co ce i g

s r s r n n a s ns

gem
n rn n

the pu ch e ep i d r e t el ti g to te m
as r a rs, an arran

mchi e y
, n s r a n s a

a n r .

3 . Di ecto r r of Wo rks .

wo k el ti g t docky d buil di g dock b i

Al l r s r a n o ar n s, s, as n s

and quay woul d be executed u de the Su veyo

s, n r r r

Ge e al f the N vy
n r o a .

The Adm i l S upe i te de t f Docky d houl d l o

ra r n n n s o

pe fo mthei dutie u de the Su eyo Ge l d

-
ar s s a s

om
r r r

e othe m
s n r rv r -
n e ra ,
an

s tte i co ectio with to e d ccou t

r a rs n nn n s r s an a n s

sho ld be u d hi upe i te de ce b ut e ough h bee

u n er s s r n n n ,
n as n

t ted to how the tu e f the p opo ed ch ge

s a s na r o r s an .

It would be the Su veyo G e l duty to upe i t d ’

the e eve al b che t h m

r r -
e n ra s s r n en

s o i e th i ge l wo ki g
r r an s, o ar n s e r ne ra r n

d to b i g befo e the Mi i te eve ythi g th t m

s ,

ight
r n s r r n a

be equi ed t mi t i them
an r n

r r i du p opo ti o to e ch
o a n a n n e r r n a

othe d i the gg eg te uffici e t f

r, a n n the publi c i a r a s n or n

t t The Mi i te wo l d h ve full powe ove the

whole d to h imthe S v yo Ge e l woul d b
e re s s . n s r u a r r

ur e re

po ible ; while both woul d be e po ible to P li m

,
an r -
n ra e

s ns et r s ns ar a n

an d to the cou t y n r

The thi d d l t g e t di vi io f N v l Adm

.

r an i i t as r a s n o a a n s ra

tio woul d co i t f the Civil Dep tm

n e t o ar n s

Th Com
ns s .

pt olle f the N vy
e r r o a .

1 . The A cou t t G c n an -
e ne ra l .

‘
L 2
14 8 AD M IRALTY AD MINISTRATION .

2 The S t ek epe Ge e l or e r- n ra

3 Th Com
. .

pt oll e f Vi tu ll i g
e a n

pt olle G e e l woul d b the m edi um f

r r o c

The C m
. .

o r r- n ra e o

com m u i c tio with the Mi i t wi th e p t t these

n a n n s er r s ec o

dep tm ar e t d he woul d xe ci e
n s, anp ti l up e r s a rac ca s er

i i o ove themhe woul d be e po ibl e t the Mi i te

v s n r r s ns o n s r,

an d wi th the Mi i t t gethe with th he d f e ch

n s e r, o r e a s o a

dep tm e t t the cou t y

ar o n r

gem
n ,
.

By the e e t eve y g e t i t e t f the y

s arra n n s r r a n er s o n av

in a ll it b ch wo l d b pl ced u de di ect pe o l u rs n a

e po ibili ty d the Mi i te woul d be bl e t ll tim

s ra n es e a n r r

r s ns an e n s r a a a s

to obt i the fulle t d m

,

a n o t c te k owl edg e an s a cu ra n on

p ehe ded i v l dm
s

eve y ubje t com

r i i t tio He a n s ra n

ll ide by o m
s c r n n na a .

would be u ou d d s rr pete t d
n e on a s s c n an

e po ible d i e
r s ns t e h e l em
a e t f the
v s rs y as o ac n o n av ,

an d he wo ld be th e bl ed t w t h ove the eve l

u us r s ra

dep tm
na o a c

e t
ar fully l id ope to h i i ve tig tio
n s , so with a n s n s a ns,

effect: The t t f co t the m ou t f t e d

s a e o ac u n s, a n o s o r s an

p ovi io th
r s t
n s, l f the y th egul tio
e ri z a e r z e
' '

o n av ,
e r a ns

a ffe ti g offi e
c n hip d docky d t e d c ou t
c rs, S s, a n a r s , s o r s an a c n s,

the di ipli e the m i g f the fleet the di t ibutio

sc n , an n n o ,
s r n

o f fo ce r d ll the g e t ff i
s, an f the a y wo l d be r a a a rs o n av u

pl ced withi hi g p ; b ut hi upe vi io woul d be

a n s ras s s r s n

f om h igh po itio
r a t ki g ge e l iew f the whole
s n, a n a n ra V o

s y t m d the powe f ge e l co t ol woul d t be

s e an ra n r no

c i ficed to e t gl em
, r o n

sa r e t i petty det il ; while the

dm
n an n n a s

a i l t the po t woul d be g i
ra s a e po ibl e officer s a a n r s ns rs,

c yi g the dutie f thei t tio

a rr n on d t the me s o r s a ns , a n no re

r epe te f th ele t ic tel g ph

a rs o e c r e ra .
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY . 1 49

Unde the pla ketched ut p o idi g com pete t

office ble to devote thei tim
r n s o , r v n n

rs a e to the executive f c r un

tio we houl d oo ce e to he f uch eve t

thi ucce io of m
ns , s s n as ar o s n s as

s s uti i e
ss which have h d l m
n e table
n s, a so a n

an effect the elf espect f the er i ce d h ve

on s -
r o s v , an a en

co u ag d fo eign e
r e to l ook u po
r the B iti h vy
rs n r s na as

havi g e t edn pe i od f dec de ce a d utte di

n er on a r o a n n r s

o g i tio
d Sec et y m
an sa

u t be m
r

em
n .

Of co u e the Mi i te be
f the Gove m
rs n s r an r ar s rs

o e t ; yet the i te e t f the cou t y cle ly

rn n n r s s o n r ar

r equi e th t the e hould be

r a elem
r e t pl ci g check
s a a

m
an n n

u po the n
y be i g de
n av i t um e
n t f p ty we
a ll an ns r o ar as

the f l e eco om
n ,

as o n y too ofte p cti ed to the p bli c

a s n n ra s u

i j u y ; it i
n r e o ble to beli eve th t Cou cil with out
s r as n a a a n

executive fu ctio b ut i ve t d with co ti uou ex

to be co ulted whe the e timte a f m
n n s, n s e a n n s

i t
s e n ce , ns ed n s a s

ll im
re ra

m
,

an d on apo ta t que tio wo ld e u e

r n ou t f s n s, u ns r an a n o

s te di e
a d co i t cy i the co duct f ff i whi ch
n ss an ns s e n n n o a a rs

can n eve be exe ci ed lo g the i te e t f the vy

r r s so n as n r s s o na

an d f the co u t y
o l eft t gove i g body u de the
n r ,
a re o a rn n n r

co t ol f p ty poli tici
n r o ar too ofte t ivi g t outbid an s , n s r n o

thei p edece o f popul ity by pa tial cha ge u

co ide ed et e chm
ss rs or ar r

e t det im
r r n s or n

ns r r e t l to the e vic
r n n sd r n a s r e, an

ofte e t ili g g e t ddi ti o l expe e eve tu l ly ; the

to the e timte to be
n n a n r a a na ns n a

r e co ded opi i o
r f the Cou cil n n o n as s a s

p opo ed by the Mi i te t the C bi et d with it n s r o a n an

the Ho u e f Com m
r s , s

utho i ty t o would be s i o ns ,

the te de cy l t m
a r o a co ns

d erab l check e on e tio ed n n as -

n n .

With the e object a d i o de to give the Mi i t

s s, n n r r n s er

L 3
150 A DM IRA LTY A DM INISTRATION .

the be efit f the b t p ofe io l dvic ll que tio a e on a

affo d him
o es r ss na s ns

w hich m
n

y i iat i p opo
a r se ,d t the s i t r c se o r as s s an e

f N v l Cou cil co i ti g p tly f i i g you g ar r s n n

o ffice to qu lify the Vi ew f tho e f me mtur e x

o a a a n ,
ns s n o

s o o or a e

m
a

m m
rs, s

i w
e r e n ce ,i th the Op i i o f who e i d s n o e ns o s n ar e r

p e io who my bette pp eci te

en

cce ible to w im
p
r ss a r a r a

the p e t d who look m

a ss ne ns,

re s n o e t the futu e
an r o r

A body f m i eve ited t executive dutie

.
,

o en s n d r su o s, an

the fu ctio f the Co cil f the N vy houl d be

n ns o un o a s

th efo e co l t tive d delibe tive

er r n su a an ra .

The Mi i te wo ld h ve the dv t ge f thei opi io

n s r u a a an a o r n ns

upo ll q e tio
n a whi ch ho ld be eco ded but the
u s ns, s u r r

ho ld be f ee to t i depe de tly f them u

,

Mi i t n s er s u r ac n n n o n

om
,

l e it ho ul d be tho gh t fit i
ss e peci l d x p u n s s a an e ce

l m
s ,

ti ona tt t eq i the co c e e f the Cou cil

a e rs , o r u re n urr nc o n .

The Co cil it i p opo d hould co i t f the Mi

un , s r se , s ns s o n

i t
s e r as p ide t re s n .

The H d f the Exec tiv would be Vice p e ide t

ea o u e -
r s n ,

with fo v l offic e ch ppoi ted f fi ye wh

ur n a a e r s, a a n or ve ar s, o

s h l d go ut i ot tio
ou o d be i li gibl e f
n r a n, an ne or re

a p po i tm t
n til ft
ene ce tuni pe i od f acti ve e vi
r ace r a n

gm
r o a s r .

Thi s e t wo ld give ce t i ch cte f

a r r an e n u

pe me ce wholly w ti g i the Adm

a r a n ara r o

r an n , i lty w
an n n ra as no

co tituted while it would p eve t the t g tio f

th t com
ns r n s a na n o

pl te b e ce f ch g m
,

id e as a a ight occ io
e a s n o an e as n .

I p opo l
n r f ch g sa s ffecti g ei th
o f the g e t
d p tm
an es a n er o r a

e e t it wo l d be d i bl e th t the he d the eof

ar n s, u e s ra a a r

s hould tt d with a en e t t the Cou cil ; d whe a s a a n an n

occ io equi ed the he d f p ticul b ch f

as n r r , a o a ar ar r an o
 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NA VY . 151

su ch dep tm e t hould l o be um
ar mo ed to i t i
n s s a s s n a ss s n

the di cu io b ut without vote

s ss n, a .

Whe p oject i volvi g g e t o g i c ch ge o igi te

n r s n n r a r an an s r na

with the Mi i te the cou t y hould have the be efit f

n s r, n r s n o

the Mi i te Opi io n s d th t f h i Cou cil ep

r s
’
n t ly n , an a o s n s ar a e

m e u e f im
, ,

i o de t e u e th t
n r r o ns po t ce ho uld
r a no as r o r an s

be dopt d without the cu ity f eco d d e o

a e d se r o r r e r as n s an

Opi i o fte m
n ple co ide tio
n s, a r a ns ra n .

O the othe h d the Cou cil houl d l o be llowed to

n r an n s a s a

t ke the i i ti tive i p opo i g ch ge d im p ov m

,

a n a ,
e tn r s n an s an r e n s

for the co id tio f the Mi i tens e ra n o n s r

Pe h p howeve the m o t im
.

po t t dv t ge to be
xpected fi m
a an a

the Cou cil woul d be th m

r s, r, s r an a

e
‘
o e it would n e ans

a ffo d f the i ve tig tio

r or f di fficul t nbject whi ch s a n o su s ar e

n w eithe wholly eglected tu ed ove to i e r rr

com
o r n or rn

po ible com m
,

s ns i io ut f doo po ed ofte f
ss ns o o rs , s n o

pe o who h ve eve give

rs ns
y co i da ti o to the r n an ns e ra n

mtte which ft b i f i qui y they e pected

n

a rs o n , a er a r e n r ,
ar e x

to p o ou ce utho it tive op i i o

The Cou cil i f ct woul d fo m t di g C m

r n n an a r a n n .

r a s an n o

m
n ,
n a ,

i io ss f I qui y whi ch wo l d be i the h ighe t deg ee

n o n r u n s r

com
,

pete t to d l with ll tho e ubject wh ich h ve be a

i tted to i qui i e m
a

ece tly ubm

n ea s s s en

o e le ti f cto y ss u ns a

e o oth mtt
r s or s a r

well tho e m
r n s n r ,

ge tly e r s so ur n re

m
as as nu us er a

qui i g im
s r

r n edi te tt tio a a en n .

Sho l d it be ob e ed th t the co tit tio f the Cou cil ns u n o

ble th t f the F e ch C eil d A m

u s rv a n

clo ely e m i té ons

’
r au

y tem
o r n

the m
s r se s a ,

if we pply to thei a e te t h ve be r s s sa s s as a en

L 4
152 A DM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

he ei p eviou ly pplied to u w thi ci cum

r n r s a ta ce o r o n, s r s n

will ffo d little e o f efu i g it f i co ide tio

a r r as n or r s n a r ns ra n

It my be ece y t epe t th t it i pu po ely i

.

te ded f the e o befo e tate d m

a n ssar o r a a s r n

n , or e ely t ketch i
r as ns r s ,
r o s n

outli e thi pl f v l co t uctio but houl d the

n s an o na a re - ns r n, s

p i ciple be wo thy f tte tio the e woul d be diffi

r n s r o a n n r no

cul ty i filli g up the det il

exed t bul fo m
n n a s .

The will how t view the S a on e

tu e f the p opo ed m
an n a ar r

na r o e u e f eco t uctio (Vide

r s as r s o r ns r n .

APPENDIX ) .
 POSTSCRIPT .

THE g tifyi g eceptio f the fi t edi tio f thi wo k

ra n r n o rs n o s r

i du to it ppe ce whe the i i g tide f publi c aran n r s n o

ti f ctio w becom
s e s a ,

di i g too t o g t be l o ge
wi th tood d bec u e it co veyed u eful i fo m
s sa s a n as n s r n o n r

atio n s n r n

Oppo tu e m
a s

om
s ,
an

o n the N vy at a e t
,
an r n n .

It h eceived the f vou ble otice f a l ge d

as r a ra n o ar an

i flue ti l po tio f the p e wh il e the p i cipl e r ss, rn

whi ch the efo mf the y temhoul d be b ed l id

n n a r n o s on

s s S as a

h ty d vowedly im
r r o ,

dow i pe fect ketch h ve

bodied i Si J m
n n a as an a r S a

bee em
, ,

e Elphi t e olutio a ns o n e s
’
r s

i fo m
n n r s ns ,

d w up
ra n we ,
ed by eve al di ti gui hed
as ar e n r ,
s r s n s

N v l Office thu p ovi g th t tho e view a co cu ed a

well ble to fo m ou d j udgm

a a rs, s r n s s re n rr

i by m
n a y who n ar e e t a r a s n n

the ubject
mtte f the g e te t public im
on s .

A s a a r po t ce i i
o r a s r an s n

volved f w wo d offe ed i eply t the ob e v ar e

tio f Si F ci B i g i the Hou e f Com

a e r s r n r o s r a

m
,

ns o r r an so ar n n s o ns on

F i d y l t i the fi t pl ce the w ite ve tu e to a

th t he i im
as n rs r
r a y , r n r s sa

a p e ed with the e po ibili ty i volved i

s so r ss r s ns n n
154 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

the t k u de t ke
as th t he d ed
he t h ve
h as n r a

tt mpted it ex pt wi th th fi me ol utio t t te wh t
n, a ar no a

a e , ce e r r s n o s a a

he b lieve t be the whole t th ffecti g the ve y exi t

e s o ru a n r s

e ce f E gl d without di gui e qu lific tio f

n o n an ,
s s or a a n, e ar or

d te m
Whil e i ed t othi g ext u te
r t n o

ght i m
e n n en a n or se

dow l ice he did t i qui e the p ti cul

”
n au n a no

Bo d i dividu l who we e i Office whe m

, n r ar ar

e ue
whi ch he thi k m
ar ,
or n a s r n n as r s,

i t ke we e pu ued H d he ll owed
n s s a n, r rs a a

co ide tio to i flue ce hi mthe

.

pe o l i t e t
rs na n er s s .
or ns ra ns n n ,

book wo l d eve h ve bee w itte ; d he woul d

u n r a n r n an

h ve gl dly voided y t ictu e which would h ve

Sta te m wh m dm
a a a an s r r a

affe ted c a i i t ti o f N v ls an , e a n s ra n o a a

ff i h l eft behi d i t t o g im p e f ho e ty
f pm
a a rs as n so s r n an r ss o n s

o
p th'

t f the R i
o se , asght Ho o u a bl e B o et
a o n r ar n .

Refe i g t thi wo k b ut evide tly tt ibuti g i t t

rr n o s r n a r n o

Omhighe ou e th it t ue
,

Si F rcci ob e e
phlet which i uppo d to com
r s an s o ne ,

pm
e r r ran s s rv s,

e f omve y
s

I n a a s s se r r

high utho i ty d t exp e the vi ew f co ide

a r an o r ss s o a ns r

ble um be f N v l Office g e t bl m
,

a n r o e i tt ched a a rs, r a a s a a

to the Bo d f Adm i l ty f arthe h bou f efuge

o ra or ar

titutio f the Adm

rs o r ,

a d it i
n ai d th t if the co s s i l ty a ns n o ra

h d bee
a l te ed w eve houl d h ve h d the e h
n a r ,
e n r s a a s ar

h u of efuge
o rs I do t y whethe the e h bou
r . no sa r s ar rs

f efuge
o r ight w o g but it i th n tituti f
are r or r n , s e co s on o

Engla n d you ought to in quir e in to ou wa n t to a lte r

m
y
tha tThey o e f om Com ittee th Ho e A of is
dd e f Com
ar s r a us

m
n

m
m
. .

i io w eed t A Co i i o
ppoi ted The Roy l Com m
r ss or a ss as a o
a g n r . ss n

i io
.

w as a n d t th e . a ss n, an no
 POSTSCRIPT . 15 5

Adm
i al ty he d evide ce They did t e mploy y ar

Adm
r , n . no an

i l ty Su eyo wh teve ra T hey h d M Re ie rv rs a r . a r . nn ,

M Cubitt d M W lke
r . d WHEN IT WAS A LL
,
an r . a r , an

SETTLED, IT WAS HANDED OVER To THE BOARD OF A D

M IRA LTY To CARRY OUT THE WISHES or THE HOUSE OF

COMMONS (He he ) ”
a r, ar

It ca h dl y be di puted th t wo k (m
. .

n ar i c ll ed s a r s s a

H bou f Refuge ) c e ted f the pu po e f tio l

ar rs o r a or r s s o na

p ope object f Adm i l ty dm

na

defe ce i w n n ar , a re i i r r s o ra a n s

t tira d i f di c l ly w o g i the o i gi al pl
o n , an ra if a r n n r n an , o r

so ied ut
ca rr to f il to effect the object f which
o as a s or

they we e devi d, the bl m e woul d ece ily f ll

the Executive Go e mt ; while othi g
r se a n ssar a

m
on

oe v rn en n n can r

sig lly how the w t f

na s du e e f p cti c l an o a e s ns o ra a re

spo ibility which it h bee the p i cipal object of th i

ns ,
as n r n s

wo k to p ove th uch defe ce

r r ,
an s a n .

Si F r ci B i g y th t it i t the co titutio f
r an s ar n sa s a s no

the Adm
ns n o

i l ty b ut the Co tituti o
ra f E gl d th t m
, u t ns n o n an a s

be lte ed if we wo ld c l l i que tio the H bou f

a r u a n s n ar rs o

Refuge i ce the e h bou we e co t ucted by the

f the Hou e f Com m
,
s n s ar rs r ns r

u tho i ty o s o ns

e t th t the Adm
a r o .

I it i te ded to i alty fo e w th t ass r a

h lf f m
S n n r r sa a

a m illi o d n o ey would be th ow w y
an a a o n r n a a

i the e h bo u
n s th t they woul d be u le f the
ar rs , or a se ss or

pu po e p opo ed d th t eve thel e the Executive s an a n r ss

e t held it elf bo d to co t uct them d w

r s s r

Gov m
,

e rn n s un ns r , an as

wholly i e po ible f the e ul t bec u e it w the

rr s ns or r s , a s as

Suppo d wi h f the Hou e ?

se s o s

Thi i i deed t ge View f the Co titutio

s s n d
a s ra n o ns n , an
15 6 A DM IRALTY A DMINISTRATION .

ght wi th peculi d ge t th cou t y ; it i

fra u e n r

o eove whi ch the Hou f C m m

o ne ar an o s

m
r

one, r r, o co uld eve se o o ns n r

a ck owledge ; f wh t woul d be it po i tio

n or the gu a s s n as ar

di an of the pu bli c pu e h w co ul d i t fulfil it du ty f rs or o s o

w t hi g ove the Executive Gove m

,

a c n r e t d b i gi g to rn n , an r n n

ccou t it e o d ho tcom i g if the Exec tive

e t coul d j u tify it elf i uch m
a r n s, u

Gove m
n s rr rs an s

rn n tte th e
s s ,
n s a a r as es

h bou by yi g W h ve e po ibili ty we are

bou d to follow the wi h f the Hou e f Com m

ar rs, sa n , e a no r s ns ,

n o s o s o ns,

an d we w h u h d f ll co eq e ce ?
o r an s o a ns u n s

k ow the im m
as

Eve y o ne e e powe f th t g e t
n s r o a r a

em
r ns

as s bly d th t wh t it e iou ly will the othe

an a a s r s s, r

b che f the legi la tu e will i v i ttem

,

ra n s o pt to e i t
s r n a n a r s s

b ut i t i t po ibl e t
s noco c ive y m o e ig l ill u
ss o n e an r s na s

t ti f the im po t ce f keepi g i ight the g e t

l dmk
ra on o r an o n n s r a

f the Co ti tu ti o th thi decl tio f

expe ie ced d e m
an ar s o ns n, an s ara n o

an r i e t t te m th t the
n an p n n s a s an , a re s on

sibili ty f the Executive Gove m

o e t f ct i l g rn n or a s n v o vrn

a l ge public expe ditu e h

ar bee upe eded by th n r , as n s rs e

di ect ctio f the Hou e it lf !

r a n o s se

The p e e t po itio f the p o pe t f N v l I qt

r s n

i ve y emk bl e
s n o r s c s o a a n

d the wi thd w l f the t di tio l

oppo itio f the Adm
s r r ar a an ra a o ra na

i al ty woul d eem
,

s n o li ke u e de r s a s rr n r,

h ad t ub equ e t occu e ce
no s si ve i t n d iffe e t rr n s a r n
g n

as pect .

The f ct t ted i the e p ge

a s s a k ow to the n s a s a re n n

whole e vice they h ve t bee di puted d they

s r a no n s , an

ar e k ow t be i di put bl e ; it i the efo e t be

n n o n s a s r r o

reg etted th t p ol o ged del y hould occu i

r a a r n a s r n a
 POSTSCRIPT . 15 7

mt pe ig
te r the ep i f defe t the mot in
im
so r ss n as a r o c s s

po t elem
a r

tio l de e ce d t em
,

e trta n e do n of n a na f n an a r n us

e po ib lity will e t the Exec t ve Gove m

r s ns i e t wi th r s on u i n

whomthe d ty f p ov di g the em
rn ,

edy e
u bo o r i n r li s, if a la
rio i qui y i to wh t i l e dy well k ow hould
ns n r n a s a r a so n n, s

h ve the effect f putti g ff the eco t uctio f N v l

the p e e t pe iod f c lmt
a o n o ns r n o a a

dm f om
r

a i i t tio n s ra n r r s n r o a , o on e

po ibly f Eu op t o uble d di tu b ce
ss o r e an r an s r an .

If howeve the p opo ed cou e i to be bided by i t

r, rs s a

i the bou de duty f the Gove m

, r s ,

n e t d f P lia
n o

e t t ecu e the fulle t d m

s rn

o t im
ar

m
n , an o

n o s p ti l i ve tiga
r s an s ar a n s

tio i to the p e e t y tem

,

n n d que tio f uch

r s n s an on

im e e tio l im
s a s n o s

m
;

ns po t ce i qui y by Select C m
na na r an

hould be i tituted by both Hou e f P li m

n r

m
, o

i tt e t
The g e t t c e houl d be t ke t e de it im
ee s ns s s o ar a n .

r a es ar s a n o r n r os
p
sibl e f p ty pe o l feeli g to ob t uct com
or ar or plete rs n a n s r a

an a ly i f the ubject
s s o d it i ce tai th t politi l
be m
s ,
an s r n a no ca

c pit l
a a de u t f the i qui y i to the p t f
ca n a o o n r n as or

evil y temh ve h ed i b i gi g
,

ll p ti e de s un a s ar n r n n

thi g t th i p e e t co ditio ; but the Rem

a ar r an s s

edy i
t te m
n s o e r r s n n n s

i deed wo thy f the highe t pi tio f o s as ra ns o a s a s an ,

d will e title tho e wh devote them

n r

an n elve t it with s o s s o

ho e t t ightfo w d e f p po e to the g titude

n s s ra r ar n ss o ur s ra

of the ti o na n .

It i t ue th t the evil we deplo e d to the

y tem the th to i di vidu l ; but it i t i hum
s r a s r ar e ue

c itici ed uch f ex m
s ra r an n a s s no n an

tu e whe m
s .

e ue pl e
tho e Si F ci B i g h oticed th t the t te m
na r n a s r s ar e r s ,
s or a as

i lty t the tim

as n s a s an

who w Fi t Lo d f the Adm

s r ra n s ar n ,

as rs e hould
r o ra a ,
s
158 ADM IRALTY ADM INISTRATION .

n ot ee h m
f l i elf pe o lly co ce ed while the othe
s rs n a n rn on r

h d th evide ce f ll tho e who h ve hel d th t h i gh

office would be f i di pe bl e im
an e n o a s a a

, po ta ce t y ti
o n s n sa r n o an sa s

f cto y i q i y
a r n u r .

F the e e o it i e e tly t u ted th t ( cco di g arn s r a a r

be) the Com

or s r as ns s s n

f Adm i l Du com m
,

t the p Op al
o s o itte e ra n

po ed f ge tlem
r os

will be com
,

e who i d g ee a re

ubm
s o n n n no e r

i de tified with the ubject itted to thei c uti y

s s s r s r n

d th t they m
n ,

h ve full oppo tu i ty f ob t i i the

tio e peci lly by m
r

full e t i fo m
a a a g n o a n n
an y
s n r a e f the evi d ce
n, s a an s o en

f ll tho e who h ve hel d thi office a

ocke y to com
s s

m
o a

It woul d be i deed m
.

n it i qui y
a r an n r

di ected to l y b e the f ult d def ult of N v l A d

a ar a s an a s a a

m
r

i i t tio t the ve y pe o who e po ibl f

them d who f om
n s ra n o r rs n s ar e r s ns e or

, an thei offici l expe i e ce w uld h ve

,
r r a r n ,
o a

a l e di g i fl e ce ove the whol e i ve tig ti o

u n

m
a n n r n s a n .

The e i de i e i
r s no
y qu a te t ke
s r tt ck
n an r r o a a a s on

i di vi du l d the e i ge e l dm i io th t effective
r s a ss

po ible u de the y tem

a s, an n ra a n a

im
n

a dm i i t ti o w
n s ra n as they we e ss n r s s r

bou d by ; b ut it woul d be to c ifice the public i te sa r

m
n n

re s t if tho e u ch i te e ted i
s so the i qui y we e r s

d i co fo m
n n n r r

all owed i tu lly to co duct it ; i ty w i th

the p i cipl e which h ve p om
v r a n an n n r

r n s pted the e p ge the a r

w ite will t h i k f omlifti g up hi hum

s a s,

r r no s r n ble voice r n s

a g i t thei bei g ppoi ted j udge d j ury i thei wn

a ns r n a n an n r o

c e
It i f g e t i m po t ce th t the P li m
as

e t yCm
.

s o r a r an a ar a

m
n ar

houl d be bl e to ift to the ve y bottomth p

o

i tt
e t y temm
e es s a s r e re

s n s o t e peci lly i it e ul t
s ,
s how by th
s a n s r s s as s n e
 POSTSCRIP T . 159

ctual t te d co di tio f the g e t i te e t f the

p ehe d chem
a s a an n o r a n r s s o

N vy ; b ut hould thei Repo t om

n

a s e f
r r s c r n a s o

reco t uctio Si Fr ci B i g peech i

ns r n, r u fficie t
an s ar n
’
s s s a s

w i g th t f the ke f the m
n

o t v lued p i ciple f o

the Con titutio the Hou e f Com

a or sa a

m
arn n , s r n s o

s n,o houl d keep it elf s o ns s s

f ee to j udge di p io tely f the e m edy whe t i ed by

as s na o r n r

exp e ie ce by voidi g y cou e which m

r s ,

ight e bl e
the Ex cutive Gove m
r n a n an rs na

e t to defe d it elf t om
,

e rn e futu e n n s a s r

pe iod i c e f f ilu e by yi g th t the e po ibility

m
r ,
n as o a r , sa n a r s ns

e ted t i i te
no
(p ton p e e t ) b u t the
rs as or r s n on

m
n s

Ho e f Com
r s , ,

us oo who e co clu io it h d choice n s, s n s ns a no

b ut to fulfil .

M a rch 6 , 1 8 6 1 .
 L IS T

WORKS IN GEN R
AL LITERATUR
P U I LIS HI D
E I?

MESSRS LONGMAN GREEN LONGMAN AND ROBERTS. , , .

C L A S S IF IED IN D EX .

Hun te r s
m
A rt of W ri ti ng Precis
m
La rdn er s Ca bi n s
’ '

K es te ve n 's Do estic M ed i cine La i h a e W orks

’

Ls rdn e r’s C s h ine t C ycl opo dis

m
m
Lo d on ’s Ls dy's Coun try Co ps
Bayl d on o n Val ui ng Re n ts , Cc. t n .

ni on
Ce cil s Stud Pe r
'

Hoekyn e e l al pa 10 He under ’s Tre e sn o f Kn owl e dge 16

g
’ ' ‘

B iogr s ic s l Tre s s ury

ouon ou . rs fi
s e y s a
Geog re h ic si T re e sury :2
Dairy H sb e n dry 16 Sci e n ti c T re s su ry N eckln tu h '
e l i i se e ll a n e ou W ort s
T reas ury o f History
A rt s , M a n u n c tu r e l
A r ch i t e c t u r e .
, an d Ne turs l His tory
P iesse s A rt o f P erfu
'

P i tt s Ho w to Bre w G
m m 15

m m
8
'

of th e Ste a
P ocke t un d th e S tud

m
Bon n i e s Catech is
'

P ycnon’s Eng lish B e ndin g

Engine
Rich s rd son 's A rt of Horss unshi p
Bra n d o s Diction offici e n ce , &c
m
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.

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fig i
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i e tlon s ri es
Org ani c Ch e is try
Roge t ' s En g
m
‘l ss s urus
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W
’

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s Infor a for 00 " Rowton 's B obs te r

m
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work S h ort h is t
on l i ll ls and I

Museu m 0 f Cl as s i ca l
Si ps on s Hund book of Dini n g

m
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S l e ig h ' s Pe rso n s ! rongs W und

A n ti quiti e s
Goo d e ve s Ele en ts of M ech anis
’
m m W m
Le g al Re e d i e s
Th o s on ’ s i n te res t T s hl e s
f
al o d s He n d yh ooh of the C i vil

m
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r
C wil t’ s Encycl o o f A rchite ct ure

m WW m m
.
Ser vi ce
Harford ’ s Pla tes fr o A n 10
o

e b ste r s Do e s ti c Econo y

m
’
PM
Hu phre ye s P ar a bl es Il l te d
P
WW m
’ 9 o

e st o n Nu rsi ng Si ck C hildren u
pl ee
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Ja eson e Sai nts an d Mar tyrs
’

M o nas ti c Ord ers illich ’e Po pul s r s les

Sch m Be .
i ts s H
h e

m
m
il ot s Blsckstone o f Greece
’ ’
ry
Le gend s o f Mad on na
.

Sou th e y's Doc tor

on lace-Bo o k
P
Co
S te hen s Eccl e siss tics l B
’
hy
i cto rial Li e o f Lu th er p Lectures on F rench is tor p

m W
36 e
B o tan y an d G ur d e n i n c .
Lou on s Rura l A rchi tectur e
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Syd n ey o rk s
gi th s
’
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LoV e e A rt of D e
m
Russe ll Bri tish Pre sh ws tcr Aigo
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s ‘
Le ctures
e li k
m Hac ke r s Bri tish F l ore
’
Lo u n d u e '

Mac Douga ll s a pa igns of Ba n

’
0‘
Me oi rs
Guid e to K ev Gs rd ens Thirl wsl l 's Hi sto ry of Gree ce
n i ba l
T h eo ry of We:
l os el e y’s En i nee ri ng
m m
L indl e y’ s In troduction to Bota n y
S psi s o i th e B ri tish
fig WW
T urn er ’s A
hi te
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gP n

m WW m
h i teside ’ s l ts l y
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erfu e ry Th eo ry of Horticul ture

m
P ieese ’e A rt 0
il k i n s ’s Politi cs l Buil e ds
u

La b o ratory of Ch y ical London 's B oreus Britsn cus

m m
m
il ot’ s Brough s ’s Le w Re for s
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A s te ur Ge rd en er
H
w
Ri ch ard son A rt of ors e ansh i p 18
P
'
s e en d Sh rubs

m m
Scofl e rn on ro e ctil es , a c 19 G e o g r a p h y a n d A tl a s e s
j m
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.

S tea -En gi n e , y th e A rti s an Cl ub F lunts

g
lJIstosir l A tlas
m
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s Di cti onary of Arts , Cc. Pe re lrs ’s Me te ris Hed los u“ e Geog ra h ’ and A tlase s
'

B i ogr ap h y .
W
Ri vera s B ose A
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ilson s Bri tis h Masses
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s Gui de
Cab ine t Gau tte r fi o

if
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m
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m
le e Me oir o f Bate
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B
'

Hu rt s '
Enc cl o . of Ge o‘u
Brial on t s W ell ingto n
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B re we r s Historical sw p
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Bri Gaz e tteer
Bun n s Hi p nl tus
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Bunsen e Anci e n t Egyp t
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se
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m Ha ydn e Bea tso s l n de a
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Bun tin g e ’
n
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C roeee e An d re w) Me ori al s J uv e n il e B o ok s .
’

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J aquerne t e A br idge d Chrono 11
'
,
G ree n s rln ce esce of Eng l an d Nicol as s Ch ronology of B u
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y 12

m
m
Hartord 'e Life of Mi ch ae l An ge l o A y He rbe rt
L ard n er s Cab in et C cl opo d i a
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Cle ve li all
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M an s Life of M arsh
m Co
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an and and “ M ai r e .
w e o f B ur d o ck
:
a
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Gilb e rt s Logi c o f Rankin

’
8 Howi tt s Boy s Coun try Book
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m m o s.
16

s
LOT-h er e Youn g Master n ine s

m
M Cull och e Co
‘ ’
m
m 18
e rce a fl a vigatl on 14
Th o son s In te re s t T a blee
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22
Ivors
(M ary) Ch ildren e Yea :
K ath ari ne A sh ton
’

P
s j
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A l rs l bl e
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T ooke 's History o f Pn cee 23
o o f ai r 8 Pe e l L ife

m
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'
. s
17
P
and Chara cte r

M m
m H
h c -
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io u l e A uto
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C r i t i ci s i s t ory , nn d
v
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el l e n ck s l Life s Histori es ! A tls s
fi
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Bre w e r
'

W . “ (C M Sh e . e
Bun en s A nci e n t Egypt
s
' Pycro tt’e Coll egian ’s Guide

m
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Hi pp ol ytus
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Burke s Viciss itudes oi F e ili es
21
M e di ci n e , S u r g e r y , a c
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6

m
21 Ch s p s n s Gusts vus A dol ph us
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Cl ouRh s Gree k History fro

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Brodl e ’e s ychological I qul rie e
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Pl uts rch Bu l s Hin ts to Moth e r-
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Conybe e re en d Rov e cn e St Ps ul
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B o o k s o r G e n e r a l U til i ty Con n oll s Suppers e nd Mi n e rs
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Copland s D tione t y o f Medicin e
’

Cooke ry B ook
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Crowe s ry of F ran ce Cue t's l nvalid 's O wn B ook
P
A ct on s ’

B la ck s T re a tree on Br-
e wl n g
m Holl and ’s M en tal h ysio!
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4 Bru e e Lette rs d
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the Pen in
Cab i net G ase ttees
La er
sul e r an d W e terl oo
Gurn e y’s Histor xcsi Ske tch e s
s ps igus Medi cal Notes an
I e s te ven e Do esti c Medi ci ne
P
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C ust a l n v
m e Own Boo
m
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d b
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et rtuti on sti tu ti on 9 “
Hi n ts on Etique tte Hersch el
.

Esss ye an d A ddresse s
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s 9
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m
Jodi e s (Lord ) Essa ys
m
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u s x 10
on M akin g Wil ls Re e s A n gl o-Su
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s Nursing Sick Ch ildren
 3
4
S mm
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B uz in e ( Th e
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4 T e te

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m m
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C h ris en e 14 Ce cil s S ts hle Practi ce
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18
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18 Orde r ol l e ture

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Ro bi n son s Le xi con to the Gre e k

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e n d D i c ti o n a r i e s .
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 LA RDN ER S ’
C A BIN ET CYC LO PE DIA
0! History, Bi ograph y, Li terature , th e Arts and Sci ences , Natural Hi s tory, and Mana tee
A Seri es of Ori gi nal Wor s by k
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