THIS COPY BELONGS TO: _________________________________________________

DATE: ___/___/2019

TOPIC: Values-based Holistic Approach

by- Duane Brown
Reporter:

Notes here
PROPONENT:

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ne-brown-b81ba62a

DUANE BROWN
-Professor Emeritus of Education at University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
-Education
Purdue University
◉ Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Student Counseling and
Personnel Services
◉ 1965 – 1968
Honors & Awards
◉ Eminent Career Award
National Career Development Association 2005
◉ NCDA Fellow
National Career Development Association 1988
Publications
◉ (3) Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career
Development (11th ed)
Pearson April 1, 2015 Surveys all aspects of career
development ranging from career counseling to career
development programming
◉ (4) Over 100 others including books, chapters, and articles
Journals and various publishers January 1, 1968. Books
emphasize all facets of career development theory and practice
and programming and psychological consulting and collaboration
processes
◉ (Career Development Books and Related) 1. Brown, D.
(1970). Student's Vocational Choice: A Review and Critique,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2. Brown, D. & Associates
(2004). Career Choice and Development
Published two dozen books and over 100 articles and book chapters.
Nine of the books and approximately half of the articles deal with
career choice and development. Improving the career choice making
process is and has been a major concern.
 Brown’s Values-Based Career Theory Notes here

Big concept

◉ emphasizes the central importance of values in career counseling

and occupational choice.
◉ Brown’s value-based theory examines an individual’s values and
how they influence their career choice decisions.
◉ Despite the fact that it focuses on values, it is a holistic approach
that covers an individual’s environment and their culture
(Oxbridge,n.d.)

Definition of VALUES
﹡ a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of
what is important in life.
﹡ Values direct our behavior in specific directions and toward
particular goals
﹡ Values are beliefs that are experienced by the individual as
standards that guide how he or she should function; they are
cognitive structures, but they also have behavioral and affective
dimensions. Values develop so that individuals can meet their
needs in socially acceptable ways (Rokeach, 1973)

Brown’s Values-Based Holistic Approach assumes 3 Types of

Values
1. Cultural Values 2. Work Values 3. Life Values
1. Cultural values can be subdivided into five categories of social
relations, time Orientation, relationship to nature, activity, and
self-control.
Time orientation= past, past-future, present, or circular – oriented to
changes that recur in nature as opposed to time as measured by watches
and calendars
Activity= (being spontaneous self-expression is important; being-in-
becoming—controlled self-expression is important; doing– action-oriented
self – expression is important

2. Work values are those values that clients expect to fulfill as a result
of choosing and entering an occupation.
Ex.*financial prosperity,Altruism,Achievement.responsibility

3. Life values are those values that clients expect to have satisfied as
a result of the choices they make in their major life roles, such as
work, leisure, citizen, and relationships to significant others.
Understanding these three types of values provides career
counselors with the information needed for lifestyle planning.
These 3 values influences how the individual prioritizes and orients the goal
behind their decision.

Role Of Values In The Career Decision Making Process

1. Values with high priorities are the most important determinants of

choices made.
2. The values included in the values system are acquired from
society, and each person develops a small number of values.
3. Culture, sex, and socioeconomic status influence opportunities
and social interaction.
4. Making choices that coincide with values is essential to
satisfaction.
5. The result of role interaction is life satisfaction, which differs from
the sum of the marital, job, leisure, and other role satisfaction indices
taken separately.
6. High-functioning people have well-developed and prioritized
values.
7. Success in any role depends on the abilities and the aptitudes
required to perform the functions of that role.
Benefits of using this theory
1. Uses an established Life Values Inventory to help clients
examine their values and how they are ranked as they relate
to career, relationships, leisure, personal .. etc..
2. Incorporates qualitative and quantitative methods of gathering
values-based information about clients.
3. Focuses on WHY values are crucial in career decisions
4. Addresses contextual factors like culture and how those
influence career decisions (multicultural approach)

In summary :
◉ Brown’s value-based theory examines an individual’s values and
how they influence their career choice decisions.
◉ Despite the fact that it focuses on values, it is a holistic approach
that covers an individual’s environment and their culture
(Oxbridge,n.d.)
◉ Brown’s choice of focus on work values and cultural values is
related to the identification of work values as a critical variable
in career development, and evidence that cultural values also
play an important role in career development (Brown, 2002,
2003).
◉ Individuals are exposed to different values throughout their lives
from many different sources, such as family, peers, environment
and the media (Patton & McMahon, 2006, 40).
◉ If an individual is from a collectivist culture had to make a career
decision, that individual may turn to their parents or elders to make
decisions for them, or at least seek their advice prior to making any
decisions (Patton & McMahon, 2006, 40).

REFERENCE:

Brown's Values-Based Career Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/counseling-

psychology/career-counseling/browns-values-based-career-theory/

Brown, D. (2011, December 23). The Role of Work and Cultural Values in Occupational Choice, Satisfaction, and
Success: A Theoretical Statement. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/j.1556-
6678.2002.tb00165.x