Symptoms

How to force secondary/slave Name server to update/refresh dns zones from primary
DNS server?

You want a slave name server to initiate a zone transfer immediately.

Resolution
Execute the following command:

# rndc reload domain.tld

If you run tail -f /var/log/named.log on the Master you should see the following

named[19439]: client 1.2.3.4#33606: received notify for zone 'domain.tld'

named[19439]: master 1.2.3.4#53 (source 0.0.0.0#0) deleted from unreachable cache

named[19439]: zone domain.tld/IN: Transfer started.

named[19439]: transfer of 'domain.tld/IN' from 1.2.3.4#53: connected

named[19439]: zone domain.tld/IN: transferred serial 128

named[19439]: transfer of 'domain.tld/IN' from 1.2.3.4#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages,

13 records, 371 bytes, 0.001 secs (371000 bytes/sec)

named[19439]: zone domain.tld/IN: sending notifies (serial 128)