ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL

SESSION: 2017-18
CHEMISRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
PREPARATION OF RAYON THREADS
FROM FILTER PAPER
SUBIMTTEDTO:
DR.AMARNATH SINHA
NAME:ANJALI SINGH
CLASS:XII ‘A’

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 CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ANJALI SINGH,
STUDENT OF CLASS XII A,ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL
JODHPUR HAS COMPLETED THE PROJECT TITLED
TO PREPARE A SAMPLE OF CUPRAMMONIUM
RAYON THREADS FROM FILTER PAPERS DURING
THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-18 UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF MR. AMARTNATH SINHA(SUBJECT
TEACHER),TOWARDS PARTIAL FULFILLMENTOF
CREDIT FOR THE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
EVALUATION OF AISSCE 2018 AND SUBMITTED
SATISFACTORY REPORT,AS COMPILED IN THE
FOLLOWING PAGES, UNDER MY SUPERVISION.THIS
PROJECT IS GENUINE AND DOESNOT INCLUDE IN
PLAGAIARISM OF ANY KIND. THE REFERECES
TAKEN IN MAKING THIS PROJECT HAVE BEEN
DECLARED AT THE END OF THIS REPORT.

SIGNATURE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THERE ARE TINGES WHEN SILENCE SPEAKS SO
MUCH MORE LOUDLY THEN WORDS OF PRAISE TO
ONLY AS GOOD AS BELITTLE A PERSON, WHO’S
WORDS DO NOT EXPRESS, BUT ONLY PUTA
VENEER OVER TRUE FEELINGS, WHICH ARE OF
GRATITUTE AT THIS POINT OF TIME.
I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE
GRATITUTE TO MY CHEMISTRY MENTOR DR.
AMARNATH SINHA, FOR HIS VITAL SUPPORT,
GUIDANCE AND ENCOURAGEMENT WITHOUT
WHICH THIS PROJECT WOULD NOT HAVE COME
FORTH. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO EXPRESS MY
GRATITUTE TO OUR LAB ATTENDENT MR. NITIN
SIRAND STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE
CHEMISTRY AT ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR
GUIDING ME AND FOR THEIR SUPPORT DURING
THE MAKING OF THIS PROJECT. FINALLY MY
GRATTITUDE WILL BE INCOMPLETE IF I DIDN’T
MENTION MY PARENTS ESPECIALLY FATHER
WITHOUT WHOM SUPPORT THIS PROJECT MUST
NOT BE A SUCCESS.

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 CONTENTS

1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Apparatus required
4. Chemicals required
5. Background
6. Procedure
7. Results
8. Precautions
9. Conclusion
10. Bibliography

+CD-ROM of document

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 AIM

TO PREPARE A SAMPLE OF
CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON
THREADS FROM FILTER
PAPER.

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 INTRODUCTION

Cellulose is nature’s own giant molecule. It is the

fibrous material that every plant from seaweed to the
sequoia makes by baking glucose molecules in long
chain, the chains are bound together in the fibers that
give plants their shape and strength. Wood has now
become the main source of cellulose. Since it contains
only 40% to 50% cellulose. The substance must be
extracted by ‘pulping’. The logs are flaked, and then
simmered in chemicals that dissolved the tarry lignin,
resins and minerals. The remaining pulp, about 93%
cellulose, is dried and rolled into sheets – raw material
for paper, rayon and other products. It can be obtained
in two ways:-

 Viscose Process. Cellulose is soaked in 30%

caustic soda solution for above 3 hrs. The alkali
solution is removed and the products are treated
with CS2 .Thisgives cellulose xanthate, which is
dissolved in NaOH solution to give viscous
solution. This is filtered and forced through a
spinneret into a dilute H2SO4 solution, both of
which harden the gum-like thread into rayon
fibers. The process of making viscose was
discovered by C.F. Cross and E.J. Bevan in
1891.

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  Cuprammonium Rayon. Cuprammonium rayon
is obtained by dissolving pieces of filter paper in a
deep blue solution containing tetra-ammine cupric
hydroxide. The latter is obtained from a solution
of copper sulphate. To it, NH4OH solution is added
to precipitate cupric hydroxide, which is then
dissolved in excess of NH3.

 CuSO4 + 2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4

Pale blue ppt
 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH4OH [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 + 4H2O

SO HERE IN PRESENT CONTEXT, WE SHALL

FOCUS ON PREPARATION OF RAYON THREADS FROM
FILTER PAPER.

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 APPARATUS
REQUIRED

1. CONICAL FLASK (PREFERABLY

250ML).
2. FUNNEL.
3. GLASS ROD.
4. BEAKER (PREFERABLY 250ML).
5. WATER BATH.
6. FILTER PAPER/WHATMAN PAPER.

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 CHEMICALs
REQUIRED

1. CUSO4
2. NaOH Solution.
3. Liquor ammonia solution.
4. Dilute H2SO4.
5. Whatman paper.
6. Distilled H2O.

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 BACKGROUND

Rayon is a synthetic fiber produced from

cellulose. Developed in an attempt to produce
chemically, it was originally called artificial
silk or wood silk. Rayon is a regenerated
fiber, because cellulose in the form of fiber.
For example, cuprammonium rayon is made
by dissolving cellulose in an
ammoniacalcopper sulphate solution.The
characteristics of rayon fibers are:-

 They are highly absorbent.

 Soft and confortable.
 Easy to dye &
 Drape well.

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 PROCEDURE
A. PREPARATION OF SCHWEITZER’S
SOLUTION.
1. Weigh 20 g of CuSO4.5H2O.
2. Transfer into a beaker having 100 ml distilled
H2O and 15 ml dil. H2SO4.
3. Stirr it with glass rod till a clear solution is
obtained. Add 11 ml of liquor ammonia drop by
drop with slow stirring. The precipitate of cupric
hydroxide is separated out.
4. Filter the solution with filter paper.
5. Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide with
water until the filtrate fails to give a positive test
for sulphate ions with BaCl2.
6. Transfer the precipitate to beaker that contain
50ml of liquor ammonia or wash it down the
funnel. The precipitate when dissolved in liquor
ammonia gives a deep blue solution of tetra-
ammine cupric hydroxide. This is known as
SCHWEITZER’S solution.

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B. PREPARATION OF CELLULOSE
MATERIAL
1. After weighing 2gm of filter paper, divided it
into very fine pieces and then transfer these
pieces to the tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide
solution in the beaker.
2. Seal the flask and keep for 10-15 days, during
this period the filter paper is dissolved completely
C. PREPARATION OF RAYON THREADS
1. Take 50ml of distilled water in a glass
container. To this add 20ml of conc. H2SO4 drop
by drop. Cool the solution under tap water. In a
big glass container pour some of the solution.

2. Fill the syringe with cellulose solution

prepared before.
3. Place the big glass container containing H2SO4
Solution produced before in ice (the reaction
being spontaneous results in excess release of
energy in the form of heat which make the fibers
weak and break them).

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4. Immerse the tip of the syringe in the solution
and press gently. Notice the fibers getting form in
the acid bath. Continue to move your hand and
keep pressing the syringe to extrude move fiber in
the bath.
5. Leave the fibers in solution till they decolorize
and become strong enough.
6. Filter and wash with distilled water.

RESULTS
Thus we prepared rayon threads using filter
paper successfully.
The results show that rayon threads prepared
here are only for sample test.

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 PRECAUTIONS
1. Addition of excess NH3should be avoided.
2. Before taking the viscose in the syringe make
sure that it does not contain any particles of
paper, otherwise, it will clog the needle of the
syringe.
3. Addition of NH3 should be done in a fume
cupboard and with extreme care. The fume if
inhaled may cause giddiness.
4. Use a thick needle otherwise the fibers will not
come out.

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 CONCLUSION
This is a convenient method to prepare rayon
threads.Rayon is the most commonly used thread
in the embroidery industry, is relatively
inexpensive, and has a beautiful sheen. The
answer is because rayon is weak and usually is
not colorfast. It is not the recommended quality
fiber for quilting or embroidery. Because rayon is
manufactured from naturally occurring polymers,
it is considered a semi-synthetic fibers. Specific of
rayon include viscose, modal and lyocell, each of
which differs in manufacturing process and
properties of the finished products.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
EdMar Co. Rayon Threads.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Rayon.
 Cbseportal.com>Projects>Download.C…

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