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+ Know that if two 2-D shapes are congruent, corresponding sides and angles
are equal.
& Classify quadrllaterals according to their properties, including diagonal
properties.
3 Identifi, all the symmetries of 2-D shapes.

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You saw in Student's Book 1 that shapes can undergo different tlpes of
transformation. The transformations studied there included reflection, rotation
and translation. In each case, the original shape (the object) was mapped to a
new position (the image). An example of each of these types of transformations
is shown below.

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rmage centre of rotatlon objecl

In each case, the objeci is the same size and shape as the image. We say that they
are congruent.

Two shapes are congruent if they are exactly the same shape and size.

Although the L-shapes below have undergone rotations and reflections, they are
all congruent because they are exactly the same shape and size as each other.
. CHAPTER 3

Determine which of these shapes are congruent to shape A.

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Shapes X and Y are congruent. Match up each side on shape X with the
corresponding side on shape Y.

Congruency and triangles

Two triangles are congruent if they meet any of the following sets of conditions.

o Side, side, side (SSS)

If all three sides of a triangle are the same length
as the three sides of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. For example,

12cm

12cm
 CONGRUENCY AND PROPERTIES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
'
Side, angle, side (SAS)
If two sides and the included angle (the angle between the two sides) of both
triangles are the same, then the two triangles are congruent. For example,

Angle, angle, side (AAS)

If two angles and a corresponding side of both
triangles are equal, then the two triangles are
congruent. For example,

Angle, side, angle (ASA)

If two angles and the included side of both triangles are equal, then the two
triangles are congruent. For example,

I 0cm

Right angle, hypotenuse, side (RHS)

If the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle, which is also the longest
side) and one other side of a right-angled triangle are the same as those of
another right-angled triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. For example,

M 6cm
. CHAPTERS

From the information gtvery determine which of the following pairs of triangles
mustbe congruent. Give reasons for your answers.

I
1

Bcm 8cm

'15cm