February 2001
The University of Minnesota Press
and NCS Assessments Announce
R e v i s i o n s t o t h e M M P I - 2 Te s t
Materials and Reports
The MMPI-2 instrument remains the most widely used and
widely researched test of adult psychopathology. Since the
test was launched in 1989, several new scales have been
researched and developed that heightened the need for
revised MMPI-2 test materials and reports. The University
of Minnesota and NCS Assessments are pleased to offer
revised MMPI-2 test materials and reports that incorpo-
rate the most current research.
MMPI-2 Validity/Clinical Scales Profile
Five Scales Added to the Validity
and Clinical Scales Profile
The addition of five scales (VRIN, TRIN,
F , F , S) to the validity and clinical scales
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profile (formerly the basic scales) will
enable test users to refine their evalua-
tion of profile interpretability. The re-
ordering of the validity scales reflects the
recommended sequence for developing
an interpretation of the scales: measures
of inconsistent responding (VRIN, TRIN);
measures of infrequent responding
(F, F , F ); and measures of defensive
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responding (L, K, S). You will notice these
revisions in the hand-scoring materials
for the validity and clinical scales as well
as in all MMPI-2 test reports (except the
Basic Service Report) available through
MICROTEST Q™ Assessment System soft-
ware and Mail-In Scoring service.
NCS Assessments
P. O. Box 1416
Minneapolis, MN, 55440
Phone: 800-627-7271
Fax: 800-632-9011
http: //assessments.ncspearson.com
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Validity and Clinical Scales Profile
The VRIN and TRIN Scales (Variable Response
and True Response Inconsistency)
Introduced as supplementary scales when the MMPI-2™
test was published in 1989, the VRIN and TRIN scales
have been moved to the validity and clinical scales pro-
file. These validity scales have proved useful in detecting
inconsistent responding of either a variable (for exam-
ple, random) or biased (yea-saying or nay-saying) nature.
The FB Scale (Back F)
Introduced as an MMPI-2 supplementary scale, the FB
scale captures infrequent responding to the latter portion
of the MMPI-2 booklet, assisting in the identification of
changes in the respondent’s approach to the MMPI-2
test that occur over the course of the test administration.
Introducing the New PSY-5 Scales
Harkness and McNulty developed a model for
assessing psychopathology based on the “Big
Five” model of personality. They selected items
from the MMPI-2 item pool that matched their
model and developed five scales: Aggressiveness
(AGGR), Psychoticism (PSYC), Disconstraint (DISC),
Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE), and
Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR).
An extended description of these constructs,
the scale development process, psychometric
properties, validity evidence, and guidelines for
interpretation is given in Harkness, McNulty,
Ben-Porath, and Graham (2002). The Personality
Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales are being
introduced in the hand-scoring materials for the
supplementary scales as well as the MMPI-2
Extended Score Report and all Minnesota Reports
available through MICROTEST Q™ Assessment
System software and Mail-In Scoring service.
Aggressiveness (AGGR)
PSY-5 Aggressiveness focuses on offensive and instru-
mental aggression. Persons high on PSY-5 Aggressive-
ness may enjoy intimidating others and may use
aggression as a tool to accomplish goals. PSY-5
Aggressiveness does not emphasize defensive or
reactive aggression. Interpersonally, high PSY-5
Aggressiveness is linked with dominance and hate.
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The FP Scale (Infrequency-Psychopathology)
The FP scale was developed by Arbisi and Ben-Porath
to assist in differentiating elevations on the F scale
that are the product of genuine psychopathology from
those that result from over-reporting, after random and
fixed responding have been ruled out based on the
VRIN and TRIN scales.
The S Scale (Superlative Self-Presentation)
The S scale was developed by Butcher and Han to
assess defensiveness. The S scale has 5 subscales
based on item content that point to possible reasons
for defensive attitudes: S1 Beliefs in Human Goodness;
S2 Serenity; S3 Contentment with Life; S4 Patience/
Denial of Irritability; and S5 Denial of Moral Flaws.
MMPI-2 PSY-5 Scales Profile
Psychoticism (PSYC)
PSY-5 Psychoticism assesses disconnection from reality.
Unshared beliefs, as well as unusual sensory and per-
ceptual experiences, are examples of disconnection.
Alienated and unrealistic expectation of harm is also
assessed. Persons with high Psychoticism scores tend
to have a higher probability of delusions of reference,
thinking that is disorganized, bizarre, disoriented,
circumstantial, or tangential. PSY-5 Psychoticism is a
phenotype, not linked to any specific etiology. It is
important to distinguish these PSY-5 Psychoticism
concepts from the use of the term by Hans Eysenck,
whose concept was linked more to criminality and
antisocial behavior.
Disconstraint (DISC)
Persons with high scores on PSY-5 Disconstraint tend
to be more risk taking, impulsive, and less traditional.
They have a slight tendency to prefer romantic part-
ners who have the same features. They tend to be eas-
ily bored with routine. Tellegen’s (1982) Constraint con-
cept was the antecedent to identifying PSY-5
Disconstraint in the structure of normal personality
and personality pschopathology markers (Harkness &
McNulty, 1994). This pattern of behavioral disinhibition
has been further described by Watson and Clark
(1993). Although Zuckerman’s (1994) Sensation
Seeking Scale bears a different label and research tra-
dition, empirical correlations suggest significant over-
lap in personality individual differences tapped by
measures of disconstraint and sensation seeking
(McNulty, Harkness, & Ben-Porath, 1998).
Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE)
Common features of elevated Negative Emotionality/
Neuroticism are focusing on problematic aspects of
incoming information, worrying, being self-critical,
feeling guilty, and concocting worst-case scenarios.
The personality disposition to experience negative
affects and emotions was articulated by Tellegen
(1982) and further described in Watson and Clark’s
(1984) landmark review.
Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR)
Patients with PSY-5 Introversion/Low Positive Emotion-
ality experience little joy or positive engagement.
Although linked with the corresponding social dimen-
sion of Introversion versus Extroversion, Tellegen
(1982, 1985) and Watson and Clark (1997) argued
persuasively that the core of the individual differences
dimension is the affective disposition. The scale name
emphasizes the link between these two dimensions.

MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales Profile

Revisions to the Supplementary
Scales Profile
Several revisions have been made to the Supple-
mentary Scales profile. The following changes
appear in the MMPI-2™ hand-scoring materials
as well as in all MMPI-2 test reports (except the
Basic Service Report) available through
MICROTEST Q™ Assessment System software
and Mail-In Scoring service.
• Addition of the MMPI-2 version of the Cook/
Medley Ho (Hostility) scale
• Deletion of the Schlenger and Kulka post-
traumatic stress scale (PS); the PS scale is no
longer offered
• Deletion of the Si (Social Introversion) sub-
scales. In the hand-scoring materials, the Si
subscales and Harris-Lingoes subscales are
packaged together as the Clinical Subscales.
The Si subscales remain a part of the test
reports; however, subscale scores are reported,
not profiled in test reports.
R E V I S E D The MMPI-2 test manual
has been revised to
• Transfer of Validity indicators FB, VRIN, and MMPI-2 provide information on
TRIN to the Validity and Clinical scales profile
• The Supplementary scales have been reordered
Manual for the revisions and new
scales, as well as
to enhance interpretation: Administration, expanded guidelines
✓A, R, Es, Do, Re (scales representing or related
to familiar normal-range personality constructs);
Scoring, and for interpretation based
on current research.
✓Mt, PK, MDS (indicators of generalized emo- Interpretation Call now to order your
tional distress with a clinical emphasis); MMPI-2 Manual for
✓Ho, O-H, MAC-R, AAS, APS (indicators of Administration, Scoring,
behavioral dyscontrol, the last three focusing and Interpretation
on substance abuse); and Revised Edition—a must-
have for all users!
✓GM, GF (gender-role scales).

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Psy-5 References

Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (1994). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Issue from the
pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a dictionary. In S. Strack & M. Lorr (Eds.), Differentiating
normal and abnormal personality. New York: Springer.
Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Graham, J. G. (2002). The Personality Psychopathology
Five (PSY-5) scales. Available Spring, 2002.
McNulty, J. L., Harkness, A. R., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1998, March). Theoretical assertions and empirical
evidence: How MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales are linked with the MPQ, ZKPQ-III, and NEO-PI-R. Paper presented
at the 33rd Annual MMPI-2 Symposium, Clearwater, FL.
Tellegen, A. (1982). Brief manual for the Differential Personality Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. [Since renamed Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.]
Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an
emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders.
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional
states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465–490.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1993). Behavioral disinhibition versus constraint: A dispositional perspective.
In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 506–527). New York:
Prentice Hall.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, &
S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 767–793). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York:
Cambridge University Press.

Additional Information on the Revisions Additional Information on Research

If you would like additional information on the revisions For information on possible research opportunities with the
to the MMPI-2™ test materials and reports, please visit new MMPI-2 scales, please contact the University of
the NCS Assessments website at: Minnesota Press at:
http://assessments.ncspearson.com Elizabeth Knoll Stomberg
University of Minnesota, Test Division
Or call our Client Relations department at: 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290
800-627-7271, extension 5225 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520
Phone: (612) 627-1964
Please see the insert for ordering and pricing information Fax: (612) 627-1980
for the revised MMPI-2 test materials and reports. Email: stomb002@tc.umn.edu

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“The Minnesota Report” are trademarks of The Regents of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 2/02

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 Ordering Information for
Revised MMPI-2™ Test Materials and Reports

ADMINISTRATION MATERIALS CODE PRICE

Revised MMPI-2 Manual for Administration, Scoring, & Interpretation 24027 $48.00
MMPI-2 PSY-5 Test Report (A University of Minnesota Press publication) 29422 $12.00

PROFILE FORMS AND ANSWER SHEETS CODE PRICE

Validity and Clinical Scales Hand-Scoring Materials Package
Includes: 50 hand-scoring answer sheets and 50 validity and clinical scales profile forms
For use with softcover test booklets 24083 $82.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24082 $82.00
Validity and Clinical Scales (50 per package) 24001 $41.00
Non-K-Corrected Validity and Clinical Scales (50 of each per package) 24006 $41.00
Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and social introversion subscales; 50 per package) 24005 $41.00
Content Scales (50 per package) 24002 $41.00
Content Component Scales (50 per package) 24086 $41.00
Supplementary Scales (50 per package) 24004 $41.00
ANSWER KEYS – COMPLETE SETS CODE PRICE
Validity and Clinical Scales (updated with all 8 validity scales)
For use with softcover test booklets 24019 $70.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24012 $70.00
Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion subscales)
For use with softcover test booklets 24023 $70.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24016 $70.00
Content Scales
For use with softcover test booklets 24020 $70.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24013 $70.00
Content Component Scales
For use with softcover test booklets 24085 $70.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24084 $70.00
Supplementary Scales (updated with the new PSY-5 scales)
For use with softcover test booklets 24022 $70.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24015 $70.00
INTERIM ANSWER KEYS CODE PRICE
Additional Validity Scales (Only includes: VRIN, TRIN, FB, FP, S)
For use with softcover test booklets 24105 $25.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24104 $25.00
Additional Supplementary Scales (Only includes: PSY-5 and Ho)
For use with softcover test booklets 24106 $25.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24107 $25.00
Additional Clinical Subscales (Only includes: Si)
For use with softcover test booklets 24108 $25.00
For use with hardcover test booklets 24109 $25.00

If you are a MICROTEST Q software customer, please call 800-627-7271, extension 5225 to request your free
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