CHAPTER 2 3.
Easily Offered
TYPES OF STORAGE RACKING AND LAYOUT
PALLET – is a flat transport structure that support goods in a stable
fashion while being lifted by a forklift.
3 KINDS OF PALLET
1. Wooden Pallet
2. Plastic Pallet
3. Steel Pallet
ADVANTAGE OF WOODEN PALLET
Wooden pallets are most commonly made use of chassis in
order to make heavy points as well as containers rest on them. They are
effortlessly readily available everywhere. Though pallets made from
other materials are available in market, most of the people favor
acquiring woods. These work as well as damaging but still are
prominent to be utilized throughout the globe as food storage as well
as goods maintaining containers.
1. Cheap
- Wooden pallets are cheap and inexpensive containers and are
offered at really small cost as compared to other available
options for pallet consisting of metal as well as plastic, due to
the fact that the client that wishes to purchase pallets is in
demand for low spending plan containers that are conveniently
reusable. So in this proceedings the wooden pallets show to be
the very best choice as a container.
2. Durable and Solid
- These pallets are cheap yet it does not mean that they are not
solid enough to hold up hefty as well as bulky products on them,
They really strong as well as durable as well as reliable structures
to be made use of as containers suiting substantial consignment
in them.
- Among the major causes of usual use of these pallets is that
they are conveniently as well as regularly readily available to the
customers. As well as the customers prefer to buy them
considering that there is no wastefulness of time throughout
the shipment procedure as a result of locating pallets
constructed from various other products that are not usually
available for the clients.
4. Effortlessly Fixed
- Wooden pallets are simple to manage if they obtain destroyed.
They can be fixed by basically in small nails with hammer. There
is no know-how required to repair them for additional usage.
5. Can be Reused
- Wood pallets can be recycled conveniently without any special
method. You only need to have an imaginative mind and also
you will certainly see that they can be converted into several
points including flower beds, fencings and also tables.
6. Have high Level Friction on Surfaces
- one of the most vital benefit of a wood pallet is it high rubbing
against various surface areas preventing possible sliding of
contained products.
DISADVANTAGE OF WOODEN PALLETS
Wood pallets are not without their negative aspects they are
additionally cause of different troubles to people using them. The issue
posed include the ff:
1. Highly Susceptible to Bacterial Growth
- Woods pallet have shown to be appropriate for microbial
growth. This has made their usage fairly suspicious for food
consisting of purposes. It has been explored that these pallets
are home to germs called E. coli as well as Salmonella. These
bacteria can cause a fantastic damage to health of lots of people
that make use of that food had in these pallets.
 2. Can create Fungus
- wood pallets are prone to create fungi if maintained moist for
longer durations. So they should be maintained completely dry
for longer life.
3. Difficult to Tidy
- Wood Pallets surfaces area challenging to be washed
considering that it is harsh and dust and also discolor enter the
rugged surface and also make it difficult to get rid of.
10 BENEFITS OF PLASTIC PALLETS
1. Color Customization
- Pallets look great in all colors, from red and blue to black and
white. Leave a better impression on your buyers with colored,
or even logoed, custom pallets.
2. Dust and Mold Free
- A plastic pallet cannot become contaminated because there
are no holes, cracks, or crevices in the plastic. Whereas, wood
pallets can easily become dusty and mold- infested.
3. Easy to Clean
- Plastic pallets are the easiest to clean because they are
completely waterproof, making them easy to be cleaned by
hand or machine. They cannot soak in moisture or harmful acids.
Any method, wether its steam cleaned or chemically sanitized
will result in a property hygienic pallets. (unless it’s a two – piece
pallet design).
4. Environmentally Friendly
- Plastic pallets are recyclable, which is great for the
environment. A plastic pallet already has a longer lifespan, and
then can be transformed into a new plastic product at the end
of its life as a pallet.
5. Free from Regulation
- No heat treatment stress, exempt from all ISPM No. 15 hassles.
Therefore, no interruption in the delivery processes due to pallet
regulations.
6. Investment for your Business
- The average lifespan for a plastic pallet is ten years, whereas
the lifespan for a wooden pallet is up to ten times less. Although
the individual cost of a wooden pallet is cheaper than a plastic
pallet, the return your business will get on aplastic pallet is much
higher.
7. Lightweight = Cost – Effective
- Plastic pallets are approximately 30% lighter than wooden
pallets, which reduces the cost of shipping.
8. Safer Material Handling
- No sharp splinters, nails, or edges means less injury, a safer
work environment, and greatly reduces product damage or
contamination.
9. Smooth Surfaces
- As mentioned, plastic pallets do not contain cracks or crevices.
Because of the smooth surfaces, plastic pallets are the best
option for hygienic areas and clean rooms.
10. Size and Strength Reliability
- Since plastic pallets are molded by extreme pressure machines,
they can hold an extreme amount of weight. Not only that, but
they ensure consistent dimensional accuracy and loading
capacities.
STEEL PALLETS
1. Durable and Strong
- Steel can carry extremely heavy loads and are capable of
withstanding rigors of tough environment. Being constructed
using heavy duty materials, steel pallets last for many years.
2. Reparable
- While other pallets in the market are disposable once certain
partd are damaged, steel and pallates are reparable. Damaged
parts can be replaced with new once as they can be needed
onto the body of the pallet.
3. Sanitation
- Steel pallet can be easily sanitized unlike wood and it is harder
to contaminate than plastic. It can also eliminate rodent, insect
and fungus problems without the requirement of chemical
treatment.
4. Insurance
- Creates less of a fire challenge than wood or plastic, which can
reduce fire and liability insurance rate.
5. Recyclable
- Steel pallets have higher resale value than other alternatives
and are completely recyclable.
6. Customized
- Can be made based on client’s specifications on size, shape,
color and function.
PALLET RACKS
A material handling storage and system designed to store
materials on pallets (or “skids”). Although, there are many varieties of
pallet racking, all types allow for the storage of the palletized, materials
in horizontal rows with multiple levels.
3 VARIETIES OF PALLET RACKING
1. SELECTIVE PALLET RACKING
- Come in one of two configurations.
A. Roll Formed or Clip- In Configuration
B. Structural Bolt- Together Configuration
2. DRIVE- IN AND DRIVE THROUGH
A. Drive- Pallet Racking
B. Drive Through Pallet Racking
QUESTION: What is the Difference Between Drive- In from Drive
Thru Pallet Racking?
- The difference of Drive- In and a Drive Thru Pallet Rack System
is simply whether the bays have an entry at only one end, or at
both ends.
Drive In Rack System
- Use a common entry and exit and there has only one entrance
Drive- Through Rack System
- Have entry points either end of the bay; can use the FIFO
storage method – pallets are loaded in one end and are pushed
back to the other end, where they are at the front of the row on
the opposite side. The first pallet put into such a row, is the first
one taken out at the other end. This system is advantageous for
material with an expiration date or whatever shelf life is a major
concern.
3. PUSH BACK PALLET RACKS
A. Post Pallet
- Are simple ways to stack product safely. Post pallets have steel
legs or posts at each corner, which rise up above the base of the
pallet. Material can be stored on the pallet up to the height of
the posts.
B. Storage Bins
- Smallest available unit of space in a warehouse
- Are frequently used to store unpacked small items of materials
in bulk. Materials is usually placed in bins by hand unless special
high rise picker stackers machines are employed.
C. FIFO Pallet Racking System
- Many Products benefit from FIRST IN FIRST OUT method for
storage and picking. The FIFO method is especially critical for
items such as fresh or frozen medical supplies, high volume
consumer goods or batteries.
BENEFITS OF FIFO PALLET RACKING SYSTEM
 Increase operational efficiency
 Make the best use of warehouse space.
 Reduces the potential for inventory write – offs due to
expirations.
 Ensure that customers always received fresh goods.
 Controlled and managed by special software so that the
stored items are found and retrieved quickly.
 Functions according to the “Goods To Man” principle.
Employees do not have to walk back and forth through
the warehouse looking for stored items, which is a time
consuming process.
 Support Automated put and pick operations, making
storage and retrieval tasks much safer, workplace
accidents in the warehouse are a thing of the past.
 Requested items are quickly located and transported to
the system access point for retrieval.

QUESTION: What is the GOAL of FIFO?

- to prevent earlier orders being delayed unfairly in favor of
newer orders.

D. Carousels Storage System

- Are dynamic solution that save time, reduces workloads and
operational cost.
- The carousel is another form of storage that can be used to
small component items. Carousels consist of a number of long,
narrow shelves or bins, which may be divided laterally into a
number of different sections. Each shelf is attached to a
continuous belt or chain system at each end of the machine that
can be electrically driven.

Benefits Derived From Carousels System

 Optimize operations and production processes by
making them more efficient and economical.
 Stored products are transported to the access point at
an ergonomic height. This contributes to employee
health and safety.
 CHAPTER 3
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A STORAGE SYSTEM:
- The purpose of storage system is to create procedure that allow you
to track product movement throughout the warehouse facility.
STORAGE SYSTEM
- Although by many names, the two most common storage systems are
enumerated as follows.
1. Memory System
-Are solely dependent on human recall.
- The feature of this system are simplicity, relative freedom from
paperwork or date entry, and maximum utilization of all vailable
space.
QUESTION: When can you consider the Memory System
Effective?
-This system considered effective if the stored materials are
very few, the area is small, and there is no turnover of
warehouse personnel.
2. Fixed Memory System
- In this system, every item has a home (fixed area) and nothing
else can live there.
In Other words this system is used for the selected items to be
assigned to the same location, with only those items being
stored there. It requires large amounts of space to implement
the system.
QUESTION: Why is there a need for large amount of space to
implement this Fixed Location System?
- Fixed location system need large amount of space because for
every item stored has a home or fixed area.
3. Zoning System
- Is centered around and item’s characteristics, like a Fixed
System, only items with certain characteristics can live in a
particular area. Items of different attributes can not live there.
It allows for the isolation of SKU’s (Stock Keeping Unit)
according to such characteristics as size, variety, flammability,
toxicity, weight, lot control, etc. It allows for flexibility moving
items from one zone to another quickly.
4. Random Location System
- In this system, nothing has a home. In other words in this
system is used for everything else or for all, but you know where
everything is. It allows for the maximization of space since no
item has a fixed home and may be place wherever there is
space, This allows SKU’s to be placed above or in front of one
another and for multiple items to occupy a single bin- slot-
position- rack.
QUESTION: What is the Primary Characteristic of a Random
Location System?
- The primary characteristics of a Random Location system that
makes it different from memory system is that each SKU
identifier is tied to whatever location address it is in while it is
there.
5. Combination System
- Enables you to assign specific locations to those items
requiring special considerations, while the bulk of the product
mix will be randomly located. Conceptually, you are trying to
enjoy the best features or the fixed and random systems. You
achieve this by assigning only selected items to be fixed homes-
but not all items. Therefore, you only have to plan around the
maximum space required by the selected items instead of
required by all items. For the items not in fixed homes, you can
plan around the average quantities you expect to have a daily
ongoing basis. So, the fixed system is used for the selected
items and random system for everything else.
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