P54x/EN OP/B74 Operation

(OP) 5-22 MiCOM P543, P544, P545, P546

At End Y
I diff = ĪCTY + ĪCTX1 + ĪCTX2
I bias = (│ ICTY │ + (Additional bias if non zero) or │ IREMOTE │)/2
In this case Additional bias is the one sent by End X (relay with two CT inputs;
P544 - P546).
1.1.7 Stub bus protection
The P54x relays include a facility to provide stub bus protection. When the line isolator is
open, an auxiliary contact from the isolator can energize an input on the relay to enable this
protection. When enabled, all current values transmitted to the remote relays, and all those
received from remote relays, are set to zero. The protection will now provide differential
protection for the stub zone.
For an internal fault the relay will operate, tripping the two local circuit breakers. When in
stub bus mode, the relay will not send a differential intertrip signal.

1.1.8 The minimum operating current

It should be noted that the minimum operating current is related, but not equal to, the Is1
setting.
Consider a single end fed fault with no load but fault current, I:-
OP |Ιdiff| = Ι

|Ιbias| = ½Ι

Assuming |Ιbias| < Ιs2, then, using the equations from section 1.1, the relay will operate if:-

|Ιdiff| > k1.| Ιbias| + Ιs1 or

Ι > k1.½Ι + Ιs1 or

Ι > Ιs1 / (1 - 0.5 k1)

The minimum operating current is therefore a function of the Ιs1 and k1 settings. With k1 set
to 30% and Is1 set to 0.2 pu, the minimum operating current will be:

Ιmin = 1.176 Ιs1

Ιmin = 0.235 pu

1.2 Disabling/enabling differential protection

The differential function can be globally enabled or disabled using the CONFIGURATION
/Phase Diff/Enabled-Disabled setting.
If the differential function is disabled globally (i.e. CONFIGURATION column), no current
differential message is transmitted and no current differential measurements (Measurements
3) and channel communication statistics (Measurements 4) are displayed. Therefore a
remote connected relay, will display a signaling fail and C Diff failure alarm.
If the differential function is enabled globally (i.e. CONFIGURATION column) and disabled
within a group (i.e. group x column), current differential message is exchanged, current
differential measurements (Measurements 3) and channel communication statistics
(Measurements 4) are displayed, local current differential protection cannot trip but relay can
receive a differential inter-trip from the remote end.