RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City

Uninterruptible
Power Supply
(UPS)
Secure 650VA

CEIT-05-903P || GROUP 5
ILAGA, ANDREA MAE N.
ILIGAN, KATHLEEN CATE S.
LA GUARDIA, JOY CHRISTINE B.
LANDICHO, CRISPIN G.

Professor:
ENGR. ODILON YANGCO

October 19, 2018

 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) Secure 650VA

Power Flow

Filter AVR Switching

Input
Output

AC/DC DC/AC
Battery
Charger Inverter

Line Interactive UPS block diagram.

An Interruptible Power Supply, also Uninterruptible Power Source is an electrical

apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input source, typically utility
mains, fails.

Line Interactive UPS

The Line Interactive UPS is the most common design used for small business, Web, and
departmental servers. In this design, the battery-to-AC power converter (inverter) is
always connected to the output of the UPS. Operating the inverter in reverse during times
when the input AC power is normal provides battery charging.

When the input power fails, the transfer switch opens and the power flows from the battery
to the UPS output. With the inverter always on and connected to the output, this design
provides additional filtering and yields reduced switching transients when compared with
the Standby UPS topology. In addition, the Line Interactive design usually incorporates a
tap-changing transformer. This adds voltage regulation by adjusting transformer taps as
the input voltage varies. Voltage regulation is an important feature when low voltage
conditions exist, otherwise the UPS would transfer to battery and then eventually down
the load. This more frequent battery usage can cause premature battery failure. However,
the inverter can also be designed such that its failure will still permit power flow from the
AC input to the output, which eliminates the potential of single point failure and effectively
provides for two independent power paths. This topology is inherently very efficient which
leads to high reliability while at the same time providing superior power protection.
How UPS Works?

6OHz
The input section is how AC voltage is supplied to the
Input
UPS and may be an attached or detachable power
cord or hardwired terminals.

Filter After the input section will be a filter

section. Filter here is used in a general
sense and includes surge protection, EMC
filtering and electrical noise filtering. A filter has a frequency
response and does not attenuate all frequencies the same amount.

AVR The Automatic Voltage Regulator is

used to boost a low voltage during a
brown out situation. A better Voltage
Regulator is commonly used as an addition to a UPS in
situations where wide voltage changes often occur on the
incoming mains. With AVR Technology, instead of going to
battery during high or low input voltages, the unit will increase
(BOOST) or reduce (TRIM) the voltage to a safe operating range. This is achieved by re-
routing the input voltage through the internal Automatic Voltage Regulating transformer,
all without running off of the internal battery. The main advantage of this is that it helps to
prolong the life of the battery and extends the operating range in which the UPS can
operate online.
 In a UPS, a mechanical switch is used, when the
Switching
power fails, to switch from mains power to
inverter power. In switching section, the circuit
can be as simple as a relay or more commonly using
thyristors, its purpose is to switch the load between the
inverter and the utility mains supply. As has been previously mentioned the output of the
inverter is in phase with the utility mains supply so that any switching between the two will
be virtually seamless. This arrangement ensures that if the inverter experiences an
overload situation, due to its extremely fast over-current detection circuits it will transfer
the load to the more resilient mains supply. A typical example would be when a server
rack is switched on, the inrush current, depending upon the size of your uninterruptible
power supplies, could cause the transfer to the utility mains supply, and once switched
on the load will transfer back to the inverter providing the inverter has sufficient capacity
to support the load. Also a fault on the inverter will cause the load to be transferred, again
virtually seamlessly; it would be unusual for any loss of load to occur during these
conditions.

A charging
circuits.
AC/DC
This
Charger part of
the UPS
converts the incoming
alternating current (ac)
supply to direct current (dc) and can provide charging current for the battery and also the
supply requirements for the inverter.
 A battery is needed to keep the UPS running when
Battery
the power fails or sags. Low power UPS use
internal sealed lead-acid, maintenance free batteries. Large UPS systems
often use wet-cell batteries. 10 to 15 minutes is a common back up time for
a small UPS. This is the power storage section and is kept charged either by a
separate charger. The batteries can be discharged to a lower level, in the case of
emergency lighting where there is a requirement for a long autonomy the battery will not
be allowed to discharge so far. These conditions help to allow the maximum design life
of the battery to be achieved.

All UPS configurations has an

DC/AC inverter. Higher powered UPS
inverters use a more
Inverter
expensive inverter to provide
a sine-wave output. In this section, the DC
voltage is converted into an AC voltage with
the help of the oscillation. An oscillator is an electronic that produces an output
signal without any applied external output signal. The inverter performs a basic
logic function called inversion or complementation. The purpose of the inverter is
to change on logic level to the opposite logic level.

The output section is where the critical load is

Output
attached to, or plugged into, the UPS. Single
or multiple power outlets might be used that are country specific
or generic. A UPS with a higher power rating will have hardwired
output terminals.
Secure 650VA Circuit Diagram: