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Problem: C + O Co
Problem: C + O Co
Write a MATLAB script(s) to model the transient heat and mass transfer, and combustion reaction
within a particle of biomass char using the finite differences approach.
Using this model, vary some parameters to see how they affect the progression of combustion
reaction and heat and mass transfer. Write a short report (5 pages should be enough) detailing
your research hypothesis and findings. You may use literature sources to discuss your results
further.
Assumptions
Assume a one-dimensional spherical biomass char particle under transient (unsteady state) heat
and mass transfer with reaction.
Assume no radiation heat transfer, only conduction and convection.
Assume the particle starts off at 25 °C with air inside any pore space and combusts in air that has
been preheated to the reaction temperature.
Assume that biomass char is 100% pure carbon and only the gas-solid char oxidation reaction
occurs.
C + O2 → CO2
Assume that specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the biomass char don’t vary with
temperature or orientation of the char particle.
Assume porosity, surface area, and density of the char particle don’t vary with conversion.
Conversion can be determined via the following equation:
𝐶𝑂2 𝑆𝐴
𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 = (1 − 𝑋)
1 1
(( ) + ( ))
𝑘𝑔 𝑘"
1 𝜕 2
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
(𝑘𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑟 ) + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 (−∆𝐻) = 𝜌𝐶𝑝
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑡
1 𝜕 2
𝜕𝑃𝑦 𝜕𝑃𝑦
(𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑟 ) + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 𝑅𝑇𝑖 =
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑡
Apply the following boundary conditions:
𝜕𝑇
=0 r = 0, t ≥ 0
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑇
𝑘𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ℎ(𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑 ) r = rend, t ≥ 0
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑃𝑦
=0 r = 0, t ≥ 0
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑃𝑦
−𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑘𝑔 (𝑃𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑑 − 𝑃𝑦 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 ) r = rend, t ≥ 0
𝜕𝑟
Use the Chapman Enskog coefficient found on page 27 of Bird, Stuart and Lightfoot – Transport
Phenomena (see uploaded version on blackboard), eqn(1.4-16) in the 2nd edition, to calculate the
thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, dynamic viscosity, and density of the mixed gases.
Use the following equations for the dimensionless numbers:
Reynolds, Re
𝜌g 𝑣(2𝑟)
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇g
Prandtl, Pr
𝐶p g 𝜇g
𝑃𝑟 =
𝑘g
Sherwood, Sh
1 1
𝑆ℎ = 2 + 0.552 𝑅𝑒 7 𝑆𝑐 3
Nusselt, Nu
1 1
𝑁𝑢 = 2 + 0.6 (𝑅𝑒 2 𝑃𝑟 3 )
Schmidt, Sc
𝜇g
𝑆𝑐 =
𝜌g 𝐷B gas
You may use the following values as initial values, as well as any data from the NIST chemistry
webbook thermophysical properties https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/:
Particle porosity, εp 40 %
Gas, g
Particle, p
Bulk gas, B
Effective, eff
Outputs to be submitted
1. A short report covering the following items:
Abstract (max 150 words)
Description of model (~1-2 pages)
Results and discussion of using the model (~1-2 pages)
Any references you have used (no page limit)
2. All required MATLAB codes with a README.txt document, so that I can run your model and
check it works. The MATLAB codes should be set up so that I only need to press ‘Run’ once.
The README.txt file should inform me which code I need to open, and press ‘Run’ within.
The outputs of the model should be to plot four 3D mesh plots of:
1. Time vs particle radius vs temperature
2. Time vs particle radius vs conversion
3. Time vs particle radius vs CO2 partial pressure
4. Time vs particle radius vs O2 partial pressure
Start a new script that produces the matrices needed for T, CO2, O2, N2
in a spherical 1-D particle
Now lets add in the chemical reaction kinetics
Bring it all together and plot the results
, you will need to generate one script and (at least) one function.
The script should set the following parameters and call the ODE solver:
Initial and bulk temperature, initial and bulk CO2, N2 and O2 partial pressures, N (number of
nodes along length), dr (distance between nodes), radius, time range, pressure, initial
conversion value (hint: 0).
All of these values get passed into the ODE solver function.
The function will be called by the ODE solver, in this function you should calculate the following:
All variables on slides 20-28 in Numerical Methods slides 2. (These can be done in a separate
function)
Then, all you need to do is put it all together to calculate dT/dt, dPCO2/dt, dN2/dt, dO2/dt, and
dX/dt.
You will need to output these as one variable i.e. dy_var_dt = [dT_dt; dPCO2_dt; dPN2_dt;
dPO2_dt; dX_dt];