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Dr. Naseer Ahmad

Education:
FSc Govt College Lahore (1994 - 1995)
BSc Mechanical Engg UET Lahore (1996 - 2000)
MSc Mechatronics Engg UET Lahore (2001 – 2004)
PhD Mechanical Engg KFUPM Saudi Arabia (2010 – 2014)

Work Experience:
Lecturer Mech Dept UET (2000-2004)
Assistant Prof Mech Dept UET (2004-2006)
Assistant Prof Mechatronics Dept UET (2006-2010)
Assistant Prof Mech Dept UET (20015-to date)

 Subjects Taught:
 Instrumentation and control
 Mechatronics System Design
 Control Systems
 Engineering Dynamics
 Engineering Statics 2
ME-441: Instrumentation and Control (2+1)

Week 1
Introduction

Dr. Naseer Ahmad

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore

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Chronology

 Control Systems
 Introduction to control systems (Chapter 1,Dorf)
 Block diagrams and signal flow graphs (SFGs)
Quiz 1
 Modeling of dynamics systems

Mid Exam

 Analysis of Control Systems

 Time domain analysis of control systems
 Design of control system
 Control system case studies
Quiz 2
 Instrumentation
 Sensors and transducers for temperature measurement,
 Pressure, flow and level measurements. 4 Final Exam
Text Books:

Automatic Control Systems by Farid Golnaraghi and B.C Kuo, 9th

edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books:
Modern Control Systems by Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop,
12th edition, Prentice Hall.

System Dynamics by Katsuhiko Ogata, 4th edition, Pearson Prentice

Hall

Mechanical measurement by Thomas G. Bechwith, Roy D.

Marangone and J.H.Linhard, 6th edition, Pearson.
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Course Learning Objectives

Domain, PLOs
CLOs Description
Level Level
Students will be able to understand the control system (open loop and
close loop) and instrumentation system for the measurement of Cognitive, PLO1,
CLO1 temperature, pressure, flow and level for engineering applications. C2 High

Students will be able to apply the knowledge of applied mathematics

(differential equations and Laplace transform), block diagrams and
signal flow graphs for the modelling of the dynamical systems Cognitive, PLO2,
CLO2
C3 High
(mechanical, fluid, thermal and multidisciplinary systems).

Students will be able to conduct time domain analysis of control

systems for stability, steady state error and control structure (using P, Cognitive, PLO4,
CLO3
PI, PD and PID control laws). C4 High
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Control Systems
System:
An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.

An element or device (plant or process) to be controlled can be represented

by a block.
Input Process/Plant Output
Examples:

Bicycle
Heater
Motor 14
Control System:
A Control System is an interconnection of components forming
a system configuration that will provide a desired system
response.

Examples:

Bicycle (speed control)

Heater (temperature control)
Motor (flow control)

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Open Loop Control System
An open loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the
process directly without using feedback.

Desired
Controller Actuator Process/Plant
output
Response/reference Output

Speed control of Bicycle

Reference Controller Actuator Process/Plant Output

Brain Human Bicycle
Desired speed Actual Speed

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 Temperature control of furnace

Reference Controller Actuator Process/Plant Output

Switch Heater Furnace
Desired Temp Actual Temp

Flow control of pump

Reference Controller Actuator Process/Plant Output

Switch Motor Pump
Desired flow Actual Flow

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Close Loop Control System
An close loop control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of
this signal to compare it with the desired output (reference or command).

Reference
signal/command Controller Actuator Process/Plant Controlled Variable

+ Switch Heater Furnace

Desired Temp Actual Temp
-

Feedback signal Sensor/Transducer

Thermocouple 18
 First close loop control system
• By James Watt (1769) is generally agreed

• All mechanical system for the speed control of an engine.

Reference
signal/command
Controller Actuator Plant Controlled Variable
Steam Engine Flywheel/
+ Valve Output shaft Actual rotational
- Speed
Desired rotational
speed
Feedback signal Sensor/Transducer
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Governor 19
 First historical feedback system claimed by Russia,

By I.Polzunov (1765), inventor of two cylinder steam engine

Level of water in boiler is controlled by float mechanism.

Reference
signal/command
Controller Actuator Process Controlled Variable
Water flow Boiler/
+ Valve
Container Actual Water level
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Desired water level

Feedback signal Sensor/Transducer

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Float 20
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End of Lecture

Jaza k Allah
Question and Answer
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