Roof Design

Basis of Design
Type of Occupancy: Residential Building
Type of Truss: Howe Truss
Project Location: Zone 2
Span of truss:
𝑆𝑇1 = 4.887 𝑚
𝑆𝑇2 = 5.23 m
Height of Truss (rise):
𝐻1 = 0.8 𝑚
𝐻2 = 1.3 𝑚
Bay Distance:
𝐿1 = 3.35 𝑚
𝐿2 = 3.777 𝑚
𝐿3 = 5.073 𝑚

The Truss
Truss 1
 4 @ 1.222
Purlin to purlin spacing,

0.8 h
y
Ɵ
4.887 m 1.222 m

by ratio and proportion

0.8 = y
4.887 1.222
y = 0.2 m

by Pythagorean theorem

c= h= 1.23801 m

for the angle, Ɵ

tan Ɵ = 0.8
4.887
Ɵ= 9.29684 degrees

Tributary Load Area

𝐿1 𝐿2
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = ( + ) 𝑥 𝑆𝑇1
2 2
3.35 𝑚 3.777 𝑚
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = ( + ) 𝑥 4.887 𝑚
2 2
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 18.46 𝑚2
Load Considerations
1. Gravity Load (GL)
𝐺𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿𝐿 + 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑆𝑊𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠
2. Loads
 Roof Live Load (RLL)
UBC in Pa Horizontal Projection
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 18.46 𝑚2
𝜃 = 9.297°
 RLL = 750 Pa
Equivalent RLL = RLL x horizontal spacing
Equivalent RLL = 750 Pa x 1.222 m
𝑁
Equivalent RLL = 916.3125 𝑚

 Roof Cover (RC)

From NSCP 2015 deck metal gage 20
Metal gage 20 = 0.12 kPa = 120 kPa
RC = 120 Pa x inclined spacing
RC = 120 Pa x 1.238 m
𝑁
RC = 148.5614 𝑚

 Self-Weight of Purlins
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = _________ From ASEP steel manual
𝑚
𝑚
𝑆𝑊 = 𝑊 (9.81 )
𝑠2
3. Wind Load (WL)
𝑊𝐿 = 𝑐 𝑥 𝑞
Where:
c = pressure coefficient
q = wind pressure
from UBC values of “q”
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐻1 + 𝐻𝑐 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 0.8 𝑚 + 15.5 𝑚
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 16.3 m
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 53.464 ft
q = 30 psf
q = 30 x 47.88 = 1436.4 Pa

 Windward Side:
 𝑐 = 1.3 𝑥 sin 𝜃 − 0.5 assuming wind load is pressure
1.222 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = [ 1.3 𝑥 sin (9.297°) − 0.5 ] ( 1436.4 𝑃𝑎 ) [ ]
cos(9.297°)
𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = −515.676
𝑚
Because of the negative value, there is no need to consider its critical design

 Leeward Side:
𝑐 = 0.5 ( 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 )
1.222 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = 0.5 ( 1436.4 𝑃𝑎 ) [ ]
cos(9.297°)
𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 889.14
𝑚
Truss 2
 5 @ 1.046
Purlin to purlin spacing,

1.3 h
y
Ɵ
5.23 m 1.046 m

by ratio and proportion

1.3 = y
5.23 1.046
y = 0.26 m

by Pythagorean theorem

c= h= 1.07783 m

for the angle, Ɵ

tan Ɵ = 1.3
5.23
Ɵ= 13.9589 degrees

Tributary Load Area

𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 𝐿3 𝑥 𝑆𝑇2
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 5.073 𝑚 𝑥 5.23 𝑚
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 26.53 𝑚2
Load Considerations
4. Gravity Load (GL)
𝐺𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿𝐿 + 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑆𝑊𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠
5. Loads
 Roof Live Load (RLL)
UBC in Pa Horizontal Projection
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 26.53 𝑚2
𝜃 = 13.9589°
RLL = 750 Pa
 Equivalent RLL = RLL x horizontal spacing
Equivalent RLL = 750 Pa x 1.046 m
𝑁
Equivalent RLL = 784.5 𝑚

 Roof Cover (RC)

From NSCP 2015 deck metal gage 20
Metal gage 20 = 0.12 kPa = 120 kPa
RC = 120 Pa x inclined spacing
RC = 120 Pa x 1.0778 m
𝑁
RC = 129.34 𝑚

 Self-Weight of Purlins
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = _________ From ASEP steel manual
𝑚
𝑚
𝑆𝑊 = 𝑊 (9.81 )
𝑠2
6. Wind Load (WL)
𝑊𝐿 = 𝑐 𝑥 𝑞
Where:
c = pressure coefficient
q = wind pressure
from UBC values of “q”
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐻1 + 𝐻𝑐 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 1.3 𝑚 + 15.5 𝑚
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 16.8 m
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 55.104 ft
q = 30 psf
q = 30 x 47.88 = 1436.4 Pa

 Windward Side:
𝑐 = 1.3 𝑥 sin 𝜃 − 0.5 assuming wind load is pressure
 1.046 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = [ 1.3 𝑥 sin (13.9589°) − 0.5 ] ( 1436.4 𝑃𝑎 ) [ ]
cos(13.9589°)
𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = −288.59
𝑚
Because of the negative value, there is no need to consider its critical design

 Leeward Side:
𝑐 = 0.5 ( 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 )
1.046 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = 0.5 ( 1436.4 𝑃𝑎 ) [ ]
cos(13.9589°)
𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 774.097
𝑚
Design of Purlins
Trial 2
C Section: C5x9
Properties:
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 13.39
𝑚
𝑆𝑥 = 58.34 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 7.37 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚3
𝑍𝑥 = 72.00 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑍𝑦 = 17.00 𝑁 − 𝑚
Loads:
𝑚
𝑃 = 1.6 (𝑅𝐿𝐿)(𝑐) + 1.2 [𝑅𝐶(𝑐) + 𝑊 (9.81 )]
𝑠2
𝑁 𝑁 𝑚
𝑃 = 1.6 (916.31 ) (1.238 𝑚) + 1.2 [148.56 (1.238 𝑚) + 13.39 (9.81 2 )]
𝑚 𝑚 𝑠
𝑁
𝑃 = 1628.258
𝑚

𝑊𝑥 = 𝑊𝑇 sin 𝜃
𝑁
𝑊𝑥 = 1628.258 sin (9.297°)
𝑚
 𝑁
𝑊𝑥 = 404.7296
𝑚

𝑊𝑦 = 𝑊𝑇 cos 𝜃
𝑁
𝑊𝑦 = 1628.258cos (9.297°)
𝑚
𝑁
𝑊𝑦 = 1628.2584
𝑚

Solution:
Considering major axis

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑟𝑥 =
8
1628.2584(5.073)2
𝑀𝑟𝑥 =
8
𝑀𝑟𝑥 = 5237.97 𝑁 − 𝑚

Considering minor axis

L
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑟𝑦 =
32
404.7296(5.073)2
𝑀𝑟𝑦 =
32
 𝑀𝑟𝑦 = 325.495 𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥 = 12240 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 𝛷𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 0.9 ∗ 12240 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 11016 𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑦 ); (1.6 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑦 )]

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(170 ∗ 17); (1.6 ∗ 170 ∗ 7.37)]
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(2890 𝑁 − 𝑚); (2004.64 𝑁 − 𝑚)]
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 2004.64 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 𝛷𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 0.9 ∗ 2004.64 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 1804.176 𝑁 − 𝑚

Checking:
𝑀𝑟𝑥 𝑀𝑟𝑦
+ ≤1
𝑀𝑐𝑥 𝑀𝑐𝑦
5237.97 𝑁 − 𝑚 325.495 𝑁 − 𝑚
+ ≤1
11016 𝑁 − 𝑚 1804.176 𝑁 − 𝑚
0.475 + 0.1804 = 0.6559
*Adequate

Trial 3
C Section: C4x7.25
Properties:
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 10.79
𝑚
𝑆𝑥 = 37.53 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 5.62 𝑥 103 𝑚𝑚3
 𝑍𝑥 = 46.00 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑍𝑦 = 13.00 𝑁 − 𝑚
Loads:
𝑚
𝑃 = 1.6 (𝑅𝐿𝐿)(𝑐) + 1.2 [𝑅𝐶(𝑐) + 𝑊 (9.81 )]
𝑠2
𝑁 𝑁 𝑚
𝑃 = 1.6 (916.31 ) (1.238 𝑚) + 1.2 [148.56 (1.238 𝑚) + 10.79 (9.81 2 )]
𝑚 𝑚 𝑠
𝑁
𝑃 = 1647.198
𝑚

𝑊𝑥 = 𝑊𝑇 sin 𝜃
𝑁
𝑊𝑥 = 1647.198 sin (9.297°)
𝑚
𝑁
𝑊𝑥 = 397.3464
𝑚

𝑊𝑦 = 𝑊𝑇 cos 𝜃
𝑁
𝑊𝑦 = 1647.198 cos (9.297°)
𝑚
𝑁
𝑊𝑦 = 1589.5550
𝑚

Solution:
Considering major axis

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑟𝑥 =
8
1589.5550(5.073)2
𝑀𝑟𝑥 =
8
 𝑀𝑟𝑥 = 5142.4174 𝑁 − 𝑚

Considering minor axis

L
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑟𝑦 =
32
397.3464(5.073)2
𝑀𝑟𝑦 =
32
𝑀𝑟𝑦 = 319.557 𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥 = 7820 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 𝛷𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑥
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 0.9 ∗ 7820 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑥 = 7038 𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑦 ); (1.6 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑦 )]

𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(170 ∗ 13); (1.6 ∗ 170 ∗ 5.62)]
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = min[(2210 𝑁 − 𝑚); (1528.64 𝑁 − 𝑚)]
𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 1528.64 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 𝛷𝑀𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 0.9 ∗ 1528.64 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑦 = 1375.776 𝑁 − 𝑚

Checking:
𝑀𝑟𝑥 𝑀𝑟𝑦
+ ≤1
𝑀𝑐𝑥 𝑀𝑐𝑦
 5142.4174 𝑁 − 𝑚 319.557 𝑁 − 𝑚
+ ≤1
7038 𝑁 − 𝑚 1375.776 𝑁 − 𝑚
0.7307 + 0.2323 = 0.963
*Adequate and economical

Design of Sagrods

5𝑤𝐿
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔 =
8
5 ∗ 397.3464 ∗ 5.073
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔 =
8
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔 = 1259.84 𝑁

𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔

𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5 ∗ 1259.84 𝑁
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6299.18 𝑁
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛷𝑇 𝑃𝑛
𝜋 2
1259.84 𝑁 = 0.9 ∗ 170 ∗ 𝑑
4
𝑑 = 7.24 𝑚𝑚
Say 𝑑 = 8 𝑚𝑚
Design of Truss
 Loadings and Analysis of Truss

Considering Forces on Truss 1

P = Wtotal (bay distance)

P= 6.33707 kN
P/2 = 3.16854 kN

Ceilings

Suspended steel channel system = 100 Pa

Gypsum Board, 1.4” thick = 50 Pa
Total = 150 Pa
CL = 613.929 N

y1 = 0.2 m
y2 = 0.4 m
y3 = 0.6 m

Solve forces using SW Truss

R1 = 18.23 kN
R2 = 13.91 kN

Top Chord:
Most Critical Force = 67.677 kN C

Bottom Chord:
 Most Critical Force = 64.426 kN T

Web Members:
Most Critical tension = 7.903 kN T
Most Critical compression = 24.811 kN C

Considering Forces on Truss 2

 P = Wtotal (bay distance)
P= 6.33707 kN
P/2 = 3.16854 kN

Ceilings
Suspended steel channel system = 100 Pa
Gypsum Board, 1.4” thick = 50 Pa
Total = 150 Pa
CL = 613.929 N

y1 = 0.26 m
y2 = 0.52 m
y3 = 0.78 m
y4 = 1.04 m
Solve forces using SW Truss
R1 = 21.88 kN
R2 = 17.55 kN

Top Chord:
Most Critical
Force = 60.424 kN C

Bottom Chord:
Most Critical
Force = 56.278 kN T

Web Members:
Most Critical tension = 11.599 kN T
Most Critical compression = 20.576 kN C
  Design of Bottom Chord
𝑃𝑢 = 𝛷𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔

Pu = 64.426 kN
Fy = 248 Mpa

64.426 kN = 0.9 (248 𝑀𝑝𝑎) ∗ 𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑔 = 288.647 𝑚𝑚2

From aisc-shapes-database
use: L51x51x3.2 for bottom chord

Properties:
𝐴 = 317 𝑚𝑚2
𝑟𝑦 = 15.7 𝑚𝑚
 Design of Top Chord
Trial 1
Use: L51x51x3.2
 Properties:
𝐴 = 317 𝑚𝑚2
𝑟𝑦 = 15.7 𝑚𝑚

0.1 (1238 𝑚𝑚) 200 000 𝑀𝑃𝑎

≤ 4.71 √
15.7 248 𝑀𝑃𝑎

78.854 < 133.755

𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 𝐹𝑒 ) 𝐹𝑦

𝜋2𝐸 𝜋 2 (200 000 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝐹𝑒 = =
𝑘𝐿 2 0.1 (1238 𝑚𝑚) 2
(𝑟) ( )
15.7

𝐹𝑒 = 317.5 𝑀𝑝𝑎
248 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 317.5 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ) (248 𝑀𝑝𝑎)

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 178.8 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝛷𝑃 𝑛 = 0.9 (178.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎) (317 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝛷𝑃 𝑛 = 51.02 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑃 𝑢 = 67.677 𝑘𝑁
inadequate

Trial 2
Use: L51x51x4.8
Properties:
𝐴 = 466 𝑚𝑚2
𝑟𝑦 = 15.5 𝑚𝑚
0.1 (1238 𝑚𝑚) 200 000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
≤ 4.71 √
15.5 248 𝑀𝑃𝑎

79,872 < 133.755

𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 𝐹𝑒 ) 𝐹𝑦

𝜋2𝐸 𝜋 2 (200 000 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝐹𝑒 = =
𝑘𝐿 2 0.1 (1238 𝑚𝑚) 2
(𝑟) ( )
15.5

𝐹𝑒 = 308.42 𝑀𝑝𝑎
248 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 308.42 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ) (248 𝑀𝑝𝑎)

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 177.32 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝛷𝑃 𝑛 = 0.9 (177.32 𝑀𝑃𝑎) (466 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝛷𝑃 𝑛 = 74.368 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑃 𝑢 = 67.677 𝑘𝑁
adequate
Use: L51x51x4.8 for top chord
 Design of Web Members
Tension:
11.599 kN T

Ag = 51.9668 mm^2

Initial assumption :
From aisc-shapes-database

L51x51x3.2
Properties:
A= 317 mm^2
ry = 15.7 mm

Compression :
24.811 kN C

78.854251 < 133.755

Fe = 317.453 Mpa
Fcr = 178.833 Mpa
Pn = 56.7 kN
Φ Pn = 51.0209 kN
adequate

use : L51x51x3.2 for web members