Connections of Floor Beams to Girders

Properties of Steel for Connections

Angle Bar
Size and Theoretical Axis X-X and Axis X-X Axis Z-Z
Area S
Thickness Mass I (106
(mm2) (103 r (mm) r (mm)
(mm) (kg/m) mm )4
mm3)
100×100×10 14.9 1900 1.8 25.2 30.8 19.7

𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 22𝑚𝑚

𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑃 = 172.410 𝑘𝑁 ( see Appendix: Beam No. 116 )

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑣
𝐹𝑣 = 0.4𝐹𝑦 = 0.4(248𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎
(22𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
172.410 × 103 𝑁 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 2. 29 𝑠𝑎𝑦 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
172.410 × 103 𝑁 = (22𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑛 = 1. 57𝑠𝑎𝑦 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟐 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Determining the resultant load on the most heavily loaded bolt (Bolt A)
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 = 2(60𝑚𝑚)2 = 72000 𝑚𝑚2
Moment from Girder: T = 172.410kN (63.05mm) = 10 870. 4505 kN-mm
Load from Girder = Py = 172.410kN
𝑇𝑥 ( 10 870. 4505 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(0)
𝑃𝑡𝑦 = = =0
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (25000 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑦 172. 410 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑𝑦 = = = 86. 205 𝑘𝑁
𝑛 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑦 (10 870. 4505 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(60𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑥 = = = 90.5871 𝑘𝑁
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (72000 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑥 0
𝑃𝑑𝑥 = = =0
𝑛 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑟 = √(𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑡𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝑑𝑦 + 𝑃𝑡𝑦 )2

𝑃𝑟 = √(0 + 90.5871𝑘𝑁)2 + ( 86. 205𝑘𝑁 + 0)2

𝑃𝑟 = 125.049𝑘𝑁
172.410kN > 125.049𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸
Connection of Floor Beams to Truss
Properties of Steel for Connections
Angle Bar
Size and Axis X-X and Axis X-X Axis Z-Z
Theoretical Area
Thickness I(106 S (103
Mass (kg/m) (mm2) r (mm) r (mm)
(mm) mm4) mm3)

150×150×10 22.8 2900 6.37 58.6 46.9 41.2

𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 16𝑚𝑚

𝑃 = 98.908 𝑘𝑁

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑣
𝐹𝑣 = 0.4𝐹𝑦 = 0.4(248) = 99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎
(16𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
98.908 × 103 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 2.45 𝑠𝑎𝑦 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
98.908 × 103 = (22𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑛 = 1. 24 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟐 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Determining the resultant load on the most heavily loaded bolt (Bolt A)
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 = 2(60𝑚𝑚)2 = 7200 𝑚𝑚2
Moment from Girder: T = 98.908 (90mm) = 8901.72kN-mm
Load from Girder = Py = 98.908 kN (see Appendix)
𝑇𝑥 ( 8901.72𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(0𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑦 = = = 0𝑘𝑁
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (62250 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑦 98.908 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑𝑦 = = = 49.4505 𝑘𝑁
𝑛 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑦 (8901.72 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(60𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑥 = = = 74.181𝑘𝑁
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (7200 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑥 0
𝑃𝑑𝑥 = = =0
𝑛 2 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑟 = √(𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑡𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝑑𝑦 + 𝑃𝑡𝑦 )2

𝑃𝑟 = √(0 + 74.181𝑘𝑁)2 + (49.4505 𝑘𝑁 + 0 𝑘𝑁)2

𝑃𝑟 = 89.152 𝑘𝑁
𝟗𝟖. 𝟗𝟎𝟖 > 89.152 𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸
Connection of Lattice to Truss
Properties of Steel for Connections
Angle Bar
Size and Axis X-X and Axis X-X Axis Z-Z
Theoretical Area
Thickness I(106 S (103
Mass (kg/m) (mm2) r (mm) r (mm)
(mm) mm4) mm3)

150×150×10 22.8 2900 6.37 58.6 46.9 41.2

𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 22𝑚𝑚

𝑃 = 259. 17 𝑘𝑁

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑣
𝐹𝑣 = 0.4𝐹𝑦 = 0.4(248) = 99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎
(16 𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
259 170 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 6.50 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
259 170 = (16𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑛 = 3.25 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟑 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕
Determining the resultant load on the most heavily loaded bolt (Bolt A)
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 = 2(120𝑚𝑚)2 = 28 800 𝑚𝑚2
Moment from Girder: T = 259.17 (90mm) = 23 325.3 kN-mm
Load from Girder = Py = 259.17 kN (see Appendix)
𝑇𝑥 ( 23 325.3 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(0𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑦 = = = 0𝑘𝑁
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (28 800 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑦 259.17 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑𝑦 = = = 86.39 𝑘𝑁
𝑛 3 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑦 (23 325.3𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚)(120𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑥 = = = 97.19𝑘𝑁
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (28 800 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑥 0
𝑃𝑑𝑥 = = =0
𝑛 3 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑟 = √(𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑡𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝑑𝑦 + 𝑃𝑡𝑦 )2

𝑃𝑟 = √(0 + 97.19𝑘𝑁)2 + (86.39 𝑘𝑁 + 0 𝑘𝑁)2

𝑃𝑟 = 130.04 𝑘𝑁
𝟐𝟓𝟗. 𝟏𝟕 > 130.04 𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸
Connection of Trusses
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 22𝑚𝑚

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 10𝑚𝑚

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑃 = 1.69 𝑥 103 𝑘𝑁 (see Appendix)

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑦
(22𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
1690 × 103 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(248𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 8.96 𝑠𝑎𝑦 9 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
1690 × 103 = (22𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498)
𝑛 = 14.42 𝑠𝑎𝑦 14 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟒 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Determining the resultant load on the most heavily loaded bolt (Bolt A)
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 = 4(150𝑚𝑚)2 + 4(100𝑚𝑚)2 + 4(50𝑚𝑚)2 14(212.8𝑚𝑚)2 = 773973.76𝑚𝑚2
Moment from Girder: T = 1.69 𝑥 103 𝑘𝑁 (0) = 0
Load from Girder = Py = 1.69 𝑥 103 𝑘𝑁 (see Appendix)
𝑇𝑥 (0)(87.23𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑦 = = =0
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (77 3973.76 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑦 1.69 𝑥 103 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑𝑦 = = = 120.714285 𝑘𝑁
𝑛 14 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑇𝑦 (0)(100𝑚𝑚)
𝑃𝑡𝑥 = = =0
𝛴𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝑦 2 (773973.76 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑃𝑥 0
𝑃𝑑𝑥 = = =0
𝑛 14 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑟 = √(𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑡𝑥 )2 + (𝑃𝑑𝑦 + 𝑃𝑡𝑦 )2

𝑃𝑟 = √(0 + 0)2 + (275.25 𝑘𝑁 + 0)2

𝑃𝑟 = 120.71𝑘𝑁
1690𝒌𝑵 > 120.71𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸
Connection of Counterweight
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 20𝑚𝑚

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 10𝑚𝑚

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑃 = 55 000𝑘𝑁 (see Appendix)

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑦
(30𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
55 000𝑘𝑁 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(248𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 156.87 𝑠𝑎𝑦 157 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
2752.49 × 103 = (30𝑚𝑚)(20𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498)
𝑛 = 184.07 𝑠𝑎𝑦 184 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Connection of Lattice
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑢 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝑏 = 22𝑚𝑚

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 10𝑚𝑚

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑃 = 3720 𝑘𝑁 (see Appendix)

Checking for the number of bolts:

Shear (Double Shear):

𝑃𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐹𝑦
(22𝑚𝑚)2 𝜋
3720 𝑘𝑁 = ( ) (𝑛 ∗ 2)(248𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4
𝑛 = 19.73 𝑠𝑎𝑦 20 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Bearing on Contact Area:

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏 𝐹𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 = 1.2(415𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 498𝑀𝑃𝑎
3720 𝑘𝑁 = (22𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚)(𝑛)(498)
𝑛 = 33.95 𝑠𝑎𝑦 34 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟑𝟒 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
 Summary of the Bolted Connections
Connections of Floor Beams to Girders:
Use 2 – 22 mm ø bolts
Connections of Floor Beams to Truss
Use 2 – 16 mm ø bolts
Connection of Lattice
Use 34 – 22 mm ø bolts
Connections of Trusses
Use 14 – 20 mm ø bolts
Use 184 – 30 mm ø bolts (counterweight)
Connection of Lattice to Truss
Use 3 – 16 mm ø bolts
 Connections of Trusses
Use 14 – 20 mm ø bolts
Use 184 – 30 mm ø bolts (counterweight)