Yojana

Content
India's Journey Towards a $5 Trillion Economy 1‐2
Skills for A $5 Trillion Economy 3
Development with Inclusive Policy 4‐7
Energy – A Key Driver of Socio‐Economic Growth 7‐9
Infrastructure Development for the Next Generation 9‐12
Water Conservation as a National Movement 12‐14
Developing a Knowledge‐Based Society 14‐15
Addressing Rural Poverty Livelihood Development and Diversification 15‐16
Reforming Governance 16‐18
Transforming Indian Health System 18‐19
PRELIMS POINTERS

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Indiaa's Journ
ney tow
wards a $
$5 Trillion Econ
nomy
S
S eventy yeaars after wee became a Republic, India is poised
d to rise steeadily on thee path of be
ecoming a global
power India's rise is an n opportunitty to re‐imaggine an Indiaa in consonaance with ou ur highest civvilisational id
deals
nable prospeerity, responsible freedom, inclusive growth, peaace and mutu
joy, sustain ual respect.
India's Foreiggn Policy Ap
pproach

• India's foreiggn policy appproach has b been undergoing a
Prrelims Pointerr
paradigm sh hift with eco onomic and sstrategic relaations
gaining signiificant culturral undercurrrents. SAAGAR refers to "Security and Growth h for All in the
Reegion" a docttrine conceptualised by the Prime Minister
• Panchamrit has begun to t influence our internaational
aiming to keep the Indian Ocean regio on peaceful and
outreach. This
T has found
f placee in our global
g seecure. This moove is a reflecction of the Inndian assessm ment
engagementts through th he 'Neighbo ourhood First' and th
hat the Indian
n Ocean island
d states are tthe key to Ind
dia's
'Act East' ap
pproach. strategic geograaphical securiity.
• The emphassis of this government
g has shifted from
SAARC to BIMSTEC and d Indian Oceean Region (lOR),
( in parrticular. The BIMSTEC is fast replacing SAARC ass the
primary foruum for Indiaa's regionalissm. India's interest
i in the
t Bay of Bengal
B and its enduring focus on In ndian
Ocean island d states undeerline the em merging maritime dimenssions of Indiaa's neighbou urhood policyy.
• India attachhes to its 'Neighbourhood First' policcy and the SA AGAR Doctriine.
Acchieving a $
$5 Trillion EEconomy

• India annouunced the taarget of a $5
$ trillion economy forr India by 2024. It will require design, fundingg and
governance..
• Governmentt has continu ued to createe an enablingg environme ent by settingg in motion structural re eforms, clariity in
policy and processes,
p e
efficiency in allocation risk
r and reso ources. We need to foccus on job creation and skill
developmen nt in a fast cchanging glo obal econom mic order. Th
here is a neeed to supporrt the capitall market thro ough
well‐consideered policies for the markets to play a greater rolle in funding economic activity.
Economic Su urvey
T Economic Survey haas pegged a GDP growtth rate of 7 per cent fo
The or FY20, up from 6.8 peer cent in th
he
p
previous fisc cal. And to acchieve the $$5 trillion eco onomy, the Economic Su urvey has laidd a road map p where it saays
India must grrow at 8 per cent.
T
The Survey h as the theme for enablin ng a "shiftingg of gears", "to achieve tthe objectivee of becomin ng a $5 trillioon
e
economy by 2024‐25".
Itt makes the case for invvestment, especially priivate investment as keyy driver, thaat drives dem mand, creattes
c
capacity, inc reases labouur productivity, introducces new technology and ggenerates jobs.
T Survey stated
The s "a virtuous cyclee or a viciou n the economy is in a virtuous
us cycle". It says "when v cycle,
investment, productivityy growth, job b creation, demand
d h other and enable anim
and exports feeed into each mal
s
spirits in the economy to thrive".

Fo
ocus on MSME Sector

• Governmentt has underttaken severaal transformaational Th
he significancee of 65 millio
on MSMEs whho create abo
out
reforms in n MSME sector reccently like new 1220 million jo
obs and 30 per cent off the countryy's
manufacturiing operatio on will allow
w India to beecome ecconomic outp put and around 30 per cent of tottal
part of few
w global valu
ue chains annd help in raising
r em
mployment geeneration cann not be undere
estimated.
| Central Delhi: 73, Near Axis Bank, Old Rajinde

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exports to aa trillion dollar mark. Ind
dia has to foccus on settin
ng manufactturing ecosysstem for pro oduct groupss and
take steps like setting‐u
up machinerry that manu
ufacture the products, speciality
s maaterials, biologics, etc. These
T
skill and laboour‐intensivee products can absorb paart of surplus people from m the agricuulture or info ormal sector.
Fo
ocus on Agrriculture Secctor

• The real issue is not the level of productivity but how pro oduce can be converted
b d into value that will de ecide
farmers' inccome.
• Today, no in ndustrialised nation can ssurvive witho out agricultu
ure. Globally,, 60 to 80 peer cent move ement of goo ods is
around agriculture or itts produce. There
T have been severaal measures in recent times toward ds upgradingg and
harmonizingg agrilogisticss, agro‐proceessing and aggri‐marketing.
Sixxty per cent of India's po
opulation lives in
• One of the m many steps ttowards selling farmers' produce in better
ru
ural areas aand is mosttly engaged in
prices is creeation of Gramin
G Agricculture Marrkets (GrAM
M) and aggriculture. Thee Governmennt has committted
linking them m with the e electronic farrmer markettplace, eNAM Ms, to too double Farm mers' income b by 2022.
sell their produce
p naationally. Goovernment has focusse ed on
developmen nt of sustainable and effficient cold‐cchain infrasttructure in In
ndia for which National Centre for C Cold‐
chain Develo opment (NC CCD) has beeen working w with private sector, Miniistry of Agricculture and Ministry of Food
Processing Industries.
Fo
ocus on Servvices Sector

• hat more thaan 50 per ce
It is seen th ent of IT revvenues come e from
the US, therrefore the fu uture looks cchallenging aat the backdrop of Foocus on Servicces Sector Services contribbute
current US ppolicies. Now w the sector needs to deevelop experrtise in too 56.5 per cennt of GDP buut create onlyy 30
lOT, AI, VR aand their ap pplications. TTravel and toourism, healtth and peer cent of jobbs. So far, IT sector has been
professionall services can n be the otheer key servicce sectors. th
he mainstay, eexporting ove er 80 per cent of
• The travel and tourism sector created
c 40 million job bs and its
s $150 billion turnover.
contributed a significan nt 10 per cen nt to the GDDP. The sector can
grow manifo oject‐driven investmentss in budget hotels, medical tourism, tourist saffety and creaating
old with pro
new tourist attractions.
• Another big opportunityy comes in global
g health
h care and wellness
w which is an $8 trillion indu
ustry and would
w
require over 100 million n health workers in the next 15 yeaars. There is an opportun nity in conve erting India'ss 600
district hosp dical nursing and paramedical schoolss to train 5 m
pitals as med million docto ors, nurses an nd paramediics to
meet the gloobal requiremment. There e is a huge po otential in construction sector whicch contribute es 10 per cen nt to
India's GDP and it is the
e largest job generating ssector after A Agriculture.
A Trillion Dolllar Opportu
unity in Diggital India

• India is now poised for the next phasse of growth h ‐ creation o
of tremendou us economic value and
• Empowermeent of citizens as new digital
d applications perm
meate sector after sectorr. India can create up to
t $1
trillion of ecconomic valu
ue from the digital econo omy in 2025 5, up from arround $200 b billion currently generatted.
• India's digitaal consumer base is the ssecond large est in the woorld and growwing at the ssecond‐faste est rate amo ongst
major econo omies.
Neww India' whicch will be a $5 trillion eeconomy and a model o of Good Govvernance forr the world.. PM has sett the
follo
owing Vision n for New Ind
dia
1. To
o be free from poverty, ffull of prospeerity;
2. To
o be free from discriminaation, filled w
with equalityy;
3. To
o be free from injustices,, ensconced in justice;
4. To
o be free from squalor, ccovered with h cleanliness;;
5. To
o be free from corruption, complete with transpaarency;
6. To
o be free from unemployyment, enriched with em mployment;
7. To
o be free from atrocities against wom men, full with h respect forr women;
8. To
o be free from despondeency, full of h hope.
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Skillss for a $
$5 Trillio
on Econ
nomy
I ndia has a distinct advan
n
i
its populatio
A
Along with t
t
two decades
ntage today over its com
n below the age of 25, th
mpetitors in tterms of thee age of workking populattion. With haalf of
he country hhas the world
this, India is also slated tto go througgh a phase o
s, as pointedd out in the EEconomic Su urvey for 201
d's youngestt population
of sharp slowwdown in po
18‐19. This m
means that w
n.
opulation gro owth in the next
while the country as a w whole
will enjoy the "demographiic dividend" phase, partts of it will witness the transition tto 'an ageing society byy the
2030 0s'.
The big challengge today, theerefore, is off converting this transitiion into a divvidend. Therre are variou us processess and
pathhways to do this.

It haas projected that, "If wee assume thaat the labou ould remain at about 60
ur force partticipation rate (LFPR) wo 0 per
centt in the next two decadess, about 55‐660 lakh jobs will have to be created aannually over the next deecade".
Go
overnment Initiatives

• The Skill India initiative
e was launcched in 2015 5. A flagship
p programme Pradhan M Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yo ojana
(PMKVY) is aimed at mobilising thee youth to taake up industry‐relevantt skill trainin ng and recoggnise and ceertify
prior learninng. PMKVY's first version, launched in n 2015, had a target to train 1 crore youth by 20 020. During 2 2015‐
16, 19.8 lakh h youth weree trained as aagainst the ttarget of 24 lakh.
• Pradhan Maantri Kaushal Vikas Yojjana (PMKV VY) 2016‐202 20 was launnched underr MSDE in 2016. 2 More than
3crore peop ple have beeen trained under
u Skill India, and more
m than 50 0 lakh candidates so far under PM MKVY.
PMKVY's seccond version n for 2016‐2 20 brought in n mandatoryy provisions for placemeent tracking and achieveed 54
per cent plaacement, ab bout 12.05 Iaakh candidates, in the short‐term
s t
training. Of the 30 lakh candidates who
enrolled, 27.9 Iakh weree trained.
• To promote e skill deve
elopment in ncludes Dee en Dayal Up padhyaya Grameen
G Kaaushalya Yojana (DDUG GKY),
Pradhan Maantri Kaushaal Kendras (PMKK)
( and National Apprenticesh
A hip Promotio on Scheme (NAPS).
( Prad dhan
Mantri Kausshal Kendra ((PMKK), laun nched in 201 15 to set up aspirationall model train ning centres in every disstrict,
851 PMKKs h have been allocated and 601 PMKKs have already been estab blished till Juune 2019.
• National Ap pprenticeship p Promotion n Scheme waas initiated in 2016 to prromote apprrenticeship w with provision for
basic traininng and on thee‐ job trainin ng or practicaal training at workplace.
• SANKALP, laaunched in 2017, aims to create co onvergence among
a all skkill training aactivities, im
mprove quality of
skill developpment prograammes and ccreate indusstry‐led and d demand‐drivven skill train ning capacityy.
• STRIVE, ano other initiative launched d in 2017, aim ms to create e awareness through ind dustry clusters, integratee and
enhance dellivery qualityy of ITls.
• To enable in ndustry led competencyy building ‐ aa prerequisitte to achievee the $5 trillion economy goal, 38 Seector
Skill Councils (SSC) are tthere, some of which arre promoted d by FICCI. Th he SSCs have created 22 242 Qualificaation
Packs with o over 7000 un nique National Occupatio onal Standard ds (NOS).
• The New Ed ducation Po olicy aims to
o introduce skills in sch
hools, collegees and Universities. The e MSDE is in
n the
process of reestructuring the NQSF an nd the Natio onal Council ffor Vocational Training. TThere are alsso discussion ns on
revamping the PMKVY.
Co
onclusion

The skills ecosysstem that has been creatted could also address th
he needs of those firms w
who find it diifficult to ideentify
the right people to employ.
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Develo
opmentt with In
nclusive
e Policy
T
T
he Constitution of Ind
guiding th
citizens w
dia binds alll citizens in a common thread
he States to follow Directive Princip
with an inclussive approach h.
t with security of fundamentaal rights and
ples of State Policy to deeliver services in the be
d it is
est interest of
o its

Susttainable Development
D t Goals
(SDGGs) and Inclu
usion
• The Sustainable Deveelopment
Goals (SDGss) came into effect in
January 20016, and they will
continue to guide United d Nations
Developmen nt Pro
ograrnme
(UNDP) poliicy and fund
ding until
2030. India is signatory to it and
is committeed to globaal society
agenda to reduce all forms
f of
inequality.
• All SDGs arre based onn certain
themes such h as people,, planet, pro
osperity, peaace and parttnership. In the contextt of inclusion
n the Goal 10
1 of
Sustainable Developmen nt is to reducce inequalityy within and among coun ntries.
Inclusive Poliicy, Strateggies and Inte
erventions

• Under the Constitution
C al framework, it is the duty of the
e Governmeent to proteect the sociaal and economic
interests off the marginalised and
d excluded sections of the societyy with vario ous policies, strategies and
interventionns.
• The presentt Government has taken n many initiatives throu ugh policies and programmmes to cre eate an inclu usive
society

W
Women and G
Girl Child

In order
o to brin
ng gender eq
quality and empowerm
ment of wom
men many schemes havve
been n launched such as "Be eti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)" for protection of a girl chilld
and to prevent ffrom biased sex selectio on.
• The Pre‐conception an nd Pre‐nataal Diagnosttic Techniquues (Prohibition of Seex
Selection) AAct 1994, is aaimed at prohibition of m misuse of technology to d
determine thhe
sex of the fo
oetus or to asssist in pre‐b
birth sex seleection.
• Swadhar Grreh Scheme tto set up homes in each district with h a capacity o
of 30 women
n.
This capacityy can be exteended up to 50 to 100 on
n the basis o
of need assesssment.

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• The special intervention
n for adolesccent girls is done througgh Scheme for
f Adolesceent Girls (SA AG) by usingg the
ICDS infrasttructure witth the aim of breakin ng the interrgenerationaal life‐cycle of nutritional and geender
disadvantage, thus providing a supportive enviro onment for sself‐developm ment of adollescent girls.
• The Maternnity Benefit Programme e has been implemente
i d from 1st January, 20117 in all the
e districts off the
country. Thee programm me is named as 'Pradhan n Mantri Matru Vandan na Yojana' ((PMMVY). Under
U PMMV VY, a
cash incentivve of Rs. 50000 is provideed directly to o the Bank Poost Office Acccount of Preegnant Wom men and Lactaating
Mothers (PW W&LM) for ffirst living chhild of the family, subject to fulfillingg specific con nditions relaating to Mateernal
and Child Heealth.
• Kilkari & Mo obile Academ my is to creaate proper awareness am mong pregnaant women, parents of cchildren and field
workers abo out the imp
portance of Anti Natal Care (ANC), institution nal delivery, Post‐Natal Care (PNC) and
immunizatio on.
• To protect tthe rights of women and d child the M Maternity Be enefit (Amen ndment) Billl, 2016 was passed in w which
leave was extended to 26 weeks, up from 12 w weeks. The bill is benefitiing around 1 1.8 million women working in
the organiseed sector.
Sccheduled Casstes (SCs)

The Constitution
n guaranteed special provisions for protection of the sociaal and econo
omic rights of
o the Sched
duled
caste populationn.
• Babu Jagjivaan Ram Chhaatrawas Yojaana (BJRCY) is for constrruction of ho ostels for schheduled castte students, both
girls and booys, to proviide them eq qual opportu unity for eduucation. Pre Matric scho olarship for cchildren of those
engaged in hhazardous occcupations aand prone to health prob blems has beeen provided d by the Depaartment of SSocial
Justice and EEmpowermeent.
• The Nationaal Scheduled d Castes Finaance and De evelopment Corporation n (NSCFDC) has various schemes succh as
Micro Crediit Finance. NSCFDC
N pro
ovides term loan for project(s)/unitt(s) costing up to Rs. 5 lakhs. Finaancial
Assistance uup to Project Cost of Rs. 6 60,000 is pro mall income ggenerating activities.
ovided for sm
• Mahila Sam mridhi Yojanaa is a Micro Finance sche eme for femmales with re ebate in inteerest. Financcial Assistancce up
to Rs. 60,0000 is also provvided.
• Mahila Kisaan Yojana iss exclusivelyy for rural women
w for taking
t up aggriculture an
nd/or mixed farming‐rellated
economic acctivities for pprojects cost up to Rs. 2, 00,000.
• Shilpi Samriddhi Yojana provides financial asssistance up to project cost of Rs. 2, 00,000 for small inccome
generating aactivities.
• Laghu Vyvsaay Yojana is for providin ng financial aassistance up p to 90% where unit costt is Rs. 5 lakhs in the forrm of
loan and eassy repaymen nt basis for smmall income generating aactivities.
• The Protecttion of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and the Schedule ed Castes annd the Scheduled Tribes (Preventio on of
Atrocities) A
Act, 1989 is cconsidered aas one of thee strong meaasures to pro otect dignity and freedom m of SCs and d STs.
The Article 117 of Constitution of Ind dia laid the ffoundation ffor providingg legal proteection to SCss and STs against
offences relaated to unto ochability and d atrocities.
Sccheduled Trib
bes (STs)

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs focuses on the social and econom ment of STs. New initiativves are taken for
mic developm
econ
nomic empowerment an nd to recogniise the tribal culture.
• Major thrustt is given on setting up oof Eklavya M Model Reside ential Schools (EMRSs) wwith the aim of expandingg the
reach of goo
od quality edducation amo ong the tribaal persons.
• National Ovverseas Scho olarship for SST students h has also been provided. TThe VanDhan Yojana aim ms to providee skill
upgradationn and capacitty building trraining alongg with settingg up of primaary processin
ng and value addition faccility.
• Ministry of Tribal Affairrs organized a National Tribal Festivval named as 'Aadi Mah hotsava' to celebrate, cherish
and promote the spirit oof tribal craftt, culture, cuisine and commmerce.
Otther Backwaard Classes (O
OBCs)/De‐no
otified, Nom
madic and Semi‐Nomadicc Tribes (DNTTs)/Economically Backw
ward
Claasses (EBCs)

• Assistance ffor Skill Devvelopment of OBCs/DNTTs/ EBCs (NG GO Scheme) is to involvee the Volunttary Organizaation
and Nationaal Backward Classes Finaance and Deevelopment Corporation
n (NBCFDC) to improve educational and
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socio‐economic conditioons of the tarrget group, i.e., OBCs/DN NTs/EBCs, with a view to o upgrade the eir skill to en
nable
them to start income geeneration acctivities on th heir own or get gainfullyy employed in some secctor or the other.
The beneficiaries whosee parents' /gguardians' income from all sources including thee income of beneficiary does
Rs. 1 lakh per annum aree eligible und
not exceed R der the Schem me.
• Scheme of Free Coaching for SC and
a OBC Sttudents is to
o provide co
oaching to eenable them
m to preparee for
competitive examination ns for jobs off public and private sectoors.
• Interest Subsidy on Educational
E Loans for Overseas Studies
S for Other Backward Classses (OBCs) and
Economicallly Backward d Classes (EBBCs) providee interest su
ubsidy on ed
ducational lo
oans for oveerseas studiees to
promote educational ad dvancement of students from OBCs aand EBCs. Th his is a Centrral Sector Scheme to pro ovide
bsidy to the student beelonging to the
interest sub t OBCs an nd EBCs on the interesst payable foor the perio
od of
moratorium for the Education Loans for oversseas studiess to pursue approved co ourses of sttudies abroaad at
Masters, M.Phil. And Ph.D. level.
• Entrepreneuurial scheme es of NBCFD DC are for woomen belon nging to backkward classees known ass New Swarn nima
Scheme. If w
women belon nging to backward classees having inccome less than double th
he poverty line are eligib
ble to
get loan up tto Rs. 1, 00,0
000 at the raate 5% from NBCFDC.
• Other schem pada, Mahila Samridhi Yojana, and
mes such as Shilp Samp d Krishi Sam
mpada are fo or the Backw
ward
Classes as notified by Ceentral Goverrnment/State Governme ents from timme to time. TThe annual ffamily incom me of
the applican
nt should be less than Rs.. 1, 03,000 p.a. in urban aareas and Rss. 81,000 p.a. in rural are
eas.
Divyangjan

Und d appliances (ADIP) schemes, 1456 A
der Assistancce to Divyanggjan for purcchase/fittingg of aids and ADIP camps w
were
orgaanised and m
more than 2.440 lakh Divyaangjan were provided Aids Assistive Devices in th he year 2018
8.
• Accessible India
I Campaaign (AIC) was w launched d on 3 Deceember, 2015 ng universal accessibilityy for
5, for creatin
Persons with Disabilitiess in Built En
nvironment, Transport, and
a Informattion & Comm munication Technology
T (ICT)
ecosystem.
• The Unique e Disability Identificatio
I n Project is aimed to create
c nation
nal databasee for PwDs, to issue Un
nique
Disability ID (UDID) Card d along with disability cerrtificate to evveryone.
• The Nationaal Trust for the Welfaree of Persons with Autism
m, Cerebral Palsy, Menttal Retardatiion and Mulltiple
Disabilities aand Inclusivee India Initiative was launched. First Indian Sign Language D Dictionary of 3000 wordss was
developed b by Indian Sign n Language R Research and d Training Ceentre (ISLRTC
C), New Delh hi.
Minorities

Minority Conce entration Arreas (MCAs)) namely Minority
M Con
ncentration Blocks (MC CB), Minorityy Concentraation
Towwns (MCT), and Minorityy Concentration District H Head Quarteers (MCD HQ Q) are relativvely backwarrd and have b
been
iden
ntified on thee basis of seelect socio‐ecconomic and
d basic amennities parameters of Cen nsus 2011 daata by identifying
areaas having mo
ore than 25% % minority population,
p w
where socio‐economic o or basic ameenities parammeters are foound
belo
ow the nation nal average.
• Pradhan Maantri Jan Vikas Karyakrram (PMJVKK) restructureed Multi‐Secctoral Development Proogramme (M
MsDP)
implementeed in identified Mino ority Conceentration Blocks, Mino ority Conceentration Towns,
T Minority
Concentratio
on District Headquarterss and clusterss of villages ffor infrastruccture develo
opment.
• Maulana Azzad National Fellowship is for empow
werment of rresearch fello
ows.
• Naya Saveraa is a free co
oaching and allied Schem
me to enhannce skills and
d knowledgee of studentss and candiddates
for their employment thhrough comppetitive exam
minations and
d admission in technical and professiional coursess.
• Padho Pard
desh Scheme dy on educaational loanss for overseeas studies in technical and
e is for inteerest subsid
professionall courses.
• Nai Udaan is to supp
port studentts clearing Preliminary Examinatio n Public Service
on conducteed by Union
Commission Commission (SSC), State Public Servicce Commission (PSC), etcc.
n (UPSC), Stafff Selection C
• Jiyo Parsi Sccheme is for containing the populatio
on decline off Parsis.
• Nai Roshni SScheme is for leadership developmen
nt of minoritty women.

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• Seekho aur Kamao is a SSkill development initiative for minorrities.
• Nai Manzil SScheme is fo
or formal school educatio
on and skilling of school d
dropouts.
• USTTAD is fo
or upgradingg the skills an
nd training in
n traditional arts/crafts fo
or developm
ment.
• me is to presserve the rich heritage of minority co
Hamari Dhaarohar Schem ommunities under the overall concept of
Indian culture.
Ecconomically W
Weaker Secttions (EWS)

For protection o of right of heealth of the p been taken under
poor populattion two majjor initiativess in health seector have b
the AAyushman B Bharat Prograamme.
Firstt is Health and Wellnesss Centres and d second is tthe National Health Prottection Scheeme (NHPS). The goal off this
intervention is to address health nee eds in holisttic manner in primary, secondary and tertiarry care systems,
cove ering both prevention an nd health prromotion.
• National Heealth Protecction Schem me, which will
w cover
over 10 crore po oor and vulnerable families
(approximattely 50 cro ore beneficciaries) is providing
coverage uppto 5 lakh rupees per family per year for
secondary and tertiaary care hospitalisatiion. The
beneficiariess will not bee required to
o pay any charges and
premium foor the hospiitalisation exxpenses. Thhe benefit
also includess pre‐ and po ost‐hospitalization expennses.
• Ayushman M Mitra is to aassist patientts and will coordinate
with beneficciaries and the hospitall in each em
mpanelled
public and p
private hospittal.
• National Nu
utrition Misssion (NNM) has been seet up as a
comprehenssive approacch towards rraising nutrittion levels
in the counttry on a warr footing. ICTT is used to reach out
to the womeen, children and poor.
• For econom
mically weakeer sections (EWS) of th
he society
the Goverrnment ann nounced 10 1 per ceent EWS
Reservation. The personns belongingg to EWS wh ho are not
der the schem
covered und me of reservvation for SCss, STs and OB BCs shall gett 10 percent reservation in education
n and
employment. Articles 15(6)
1 and 16(6)
1 have been insertted in the Constitution n (One Hunndred and Third
T
Amendment) Act, 2019..
• Pradhan Maantri Shram Yogi Maanddhan Schemme is to ensuure fixed mo
onthly pensiion to 10 crore unorgannised
sector workers. Rs. 3000
0 per month after the 60 0 years of agge with an afffordable conntribution off only Rs. 1000/55
per month. Twelve croree small and marginal farrmers to be pprovided witth assured yearly income e of Rs. 6000
0 per
annum undeer PM‐KISAN N.
Energyy – A ke
ey driver of Soccio‐Econ
nomic G
Growth
E
E nergy acccess also enables the frruits of econ
transform
ming lives of tthe disadvan
developin
ntaged sectio
nomic growtth to trickle down to thhe bottom of
o the pyram mid ‐
ons of society. The criticaality of the eenergy sectorr, especially for a
ng economy like India, cannot be oveer‐emphasise
India's Globaal Scenario
ed.

India is the sixth
h largest eco onomy in the world and d is poised to o become th he second largest economy by 2030. It is
o the third laargest consu
also umer of enerrgy in the w world, with d demand risin ng by five peercent annuaally. With en nergy
demmand set to double by 2040,
2 India needs a rob
bust and heaalthy energyy sector. Mo ore than one‐quarter off our
population or about
a 311 million
m peopple, the vastt majority of whom livee in rural areas, still lack an electricity
connnection. Less than half of all households in thee poorest inccome groupp have electrricity and evven those with
w a
connnection havee to deal with h sporadic su upply.

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• Issue – The
T per unitt cost of powwer that dettermines wh
hether it is affordable
a fo
or household
ds that need
d it
most.
Solution ‐ In 20177, the NDA A Governmeent launche ed the Saubhagya sch heme targetting universsal
electrification and tilll date it hass covered mo ore than 99%% of rural ho ouseholds, thus usheringg a new era of
progress.
• Issue ‐ O
On the distribbution side, a major detterrent has b been the po oor financial and operational health of
state disccoms affectinng their perfformance.
Solution ‐ The Goverrnment has aannounced tthe UDAY scheme to spaark a financiaal revival of d discoms which
would in turn help reevitalize the eentire sectorr.

While focusing o on energy seecurity, equaally importan nt is to ensuure that a bu ulk of it is geenerated susstainably, to help
Indiaa honour its global comm mitments related to cuttting down on carbon em missions. Sincce 2014 the Governmentt has
used on creaating a favourable policy environmeent for boossting the renewable eneergy sector, with an eyye on
focu
deveeloping reneewable as a ccleaner, betteer source of energy.

W
Women Empo
owerment

• Our energy economy is also closely linked with a critical de evelopment iindicator – w women empowerment. A As in
other parts of the world d, women in India also h have to bearr the brunt o of energy pooverty. Energgy access has the
o positively influence wo
potential to omen's healtth, educatio on, finance, and access tto informatiion, especially in
backward reegions. Our G Governmentt deserves credit for intrroducing the e landmark Ujjwala Yojaana under w which
7 crore houuseholds benefitted witth access to o clean cookking gas, re
eplacing firew wood or co oal ‐ both major
m
sources of indoor polluttion. This waas a game ch hanger for w women ensuring them a smoke free healthy lifesstyle,
reduced dru udgery and m more time to pursue alterrnate liveliho ood opportunities.
• A steady gro owth in reneewable energgy has openeed up a lot o of avenues fo or women en ntrepreneursship especially in
rural India. Off‐grid solu
utions and decentralize
d ed RE systemms have enabled women n to get trained in installing,
operating and maintain ding them with much needed inccome, which
ning these units, provid h translates into
enhanced seelf‐esteem an nd social standing.
• Steady acceess to energy also allowws women to o run their business moore profitably and for longer durattions,
resulting in eenhanced incomes. Enerrgy access caan catalyse aa more gendeer equal society, where women are well‐
integrated in nto the econ nomic mainsttream, thus rresulting in h holistic and inclusive grow wth.
En
nergy

• Energy also has a key role to play in ensuring uniiversal accesss to clean water and san nitation.
• Energy is esssential for w
water extractiion, water trreatment and d water distrribution.
• The amountt of energy used in the w water sector is projected tto double byy 2040.
me of the major challenges on achievving the mile
Som estones set ffor 2022‐23 aare :
Ovverall energyy A variety off subsidies and
A a taxes distort the en nergy markeet and prom mote the usee of
i
inefficient/o
over efficientt fuels and also
a make In ndian exportts and domeestic producttion
u
uncompetiti ve as energyy taxes are no ot under GSTT, and hencee, no input crredit is given
n.
Powwer T high ind
The dustrial/ commmercial tariff and the cross
c subsidyy regime have affected the
c
competitiven ness of the inndustrial and d commerciaal sectors.
Oil & Gas Lack of markket driven gas prices forr old fields ddisincentivisees further prroduction. A
Also,
t
the gas pipe line infrastru
ucture is not adequate.

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Coaal TThere is a tendency to exxpand open‐‐cast mining and discourage undergrround operattion
e
even for bet ter quality co
oal reserves.
Ren
newable Ene
ergy High energyy costs result in renegin
ng on old Po
ower Purchaase Agreeme
ents (PPAs) and
e
erode theirr sanctity. This leads to uncertaainty regard ding powerr off‐take and
a
c
consequentl y endangerss further inve estments.
Ene
ergy Efficien
ncy Limited tech
hnical capabiilities, high in
nitial capital expendituree, limited maarket and otther
i
issues have a
affected effo
orts to achievve energy effficiency.
He
ealth

• In the healtth sector ass well, energgy access is of paramount importaance. Most h hospitals reqquire energyy for
lighting, watter, temperaature control, ventilation n and a hostt of clinical p
processes. Spporadic acceess to energyy can
lead to vacccine spoilagee, interruptions in the use
u of mediical and diaggnostic devices and lackk of lightingg and
communicattions can be extremely detrimental in n the provisiions of emerrgency servicces.
• ed, clean energy solutions can greattly enhance the efficienccy of primarry health serrvices delivery to
Decentralize
the marginaalized, low income
i secttions of the population residing in remote com mers of the country. Ass the
healthcare ecosystem
e in India getss increasingly digitized, energy acccess will acccelerate the growth of tech
enabled servvices like tellemedicine aand mobile h health appliccations, and bring qualityy healthcare e to the doorrstep
of the comm
mon man.
In
nfrastru
ucture D
Develop
pment fo
or the N
Next Generation
The Governmen nt has emphaasized on creeating world New India. Itt has undertaken
d‐class infrasstructure forr building a N
vario
ous projects such as thee Sagarmala Project (for acceleratingg port led deevelopment), the Bharattmala Projecct (to
link India from w
west to east)), the Mumb bai Trans Haarbour Link p project (for bbuilding the country's largest sea bridge)
and the Setu Bhharatam Projject (makingg national higghways free of railway leevel crossinggs) among otthers, to imp prove
the present cond ditions of inffrastructure.
Prradhan Man
ntri Awas Y
Yojana (PMA
AY)

The Government has launched a compreehensive misssion "Housin
ng for all by 2022".
• Aim ‐ The scheme aims to construcct more than n four crore houses acrooss the lengtth and bread dth of the naation
within a spaan of next seeven years (2015‐2022).
( . The scheme known as Pradhan Maantri Awas Yojana
Y (PMA
AY) is
implementeed as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme ((CSS).
• Objective ‐ TThe objectivve of the PMA AY is to provvide every faamily with aa pucca housse, with a water connecction,
toilet facilitiies, and 24x7 electricity supply and access and tto build 2.95 core housin ng units in ruural areas andd 1.2
crore housin ng units in urban areass. This mand
date also inccludes upgraadation of sslums. Achieeving the goal of
'Housing forr All' will be a big step inn the realisation of New India Vision n 2022 that w will trigger e
economic gro owth
and create m millions of jobs for skilledd as well as u
unskilled worrkers.
• Beneficiarie
es ‐ The targget beneficiaaries of thee scheme wo
ould be poo
or and thosee living under EWS and
d LIG
categories in
n urban establishments o of the countrry in 4041 statutory town ns as per Cennsus 2011.
• PMAY‐G aimms to achieve e the objecttive of "Houssing for All" by 2022. A ttotal of 1.54 crore rural h
homes have been
completed in the last fivve years. In tthe second p
phase of PM MAY‐G, duringg 2019‐20 too 2021‐22, 1.95 crore ho
ouses
are proposed to be provvided to the eeligible beneeficiaries.
Trransport

Ro
oads

It is a matter of pride that India is the

e world's se
econd‐largesst road netw
work, and m
most dense among
a coun
ntries
acco ording to sizee by 2022‐23 3, India should achieve th he following objectives:
1. Inncrease conn nectivity by e expanding th he road netw work

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(a) Achieve the Bharatm mala Phase‐II target by completing 2 24,800 km byy 2021‐22, in ncluding 2,000 km of co oastal
and portt connectivitty roads,
(b) Complette Phase I off the Pradhan n Mantri Graam Sadak Yojjana (PMGSYY) with qualitty monitoring at every sttage.
(c) Double tthe length off national higghways (NHss) to 2 lakh kkm by 2022‐2 23 from the eexisting 1.22 2 lakh km, an nd
(d) Widen ssingle/ interm mediate lanee (SL/IL) NHss and reduce e the length of SL/IL NHs to less thaan 10 per cent of
total lenngth by 2022 2‐23 from thee present 26.46 per cent.
2. Improve the e regulatoryy frameworkk for roads to achieve be etter compliance, seamless connectivity, road saafety
and quality.
3. Reduce the number of rroad acciden nts and fatalities by 50 pe er cent by 20 020.
Challenges
1. Capacity: Th he existing leength of the NH networkk is 1.22 lakh km, which iis 2.2 per cen nt of the cou untry's total road
network of 5 56.03 lakh km m.
2. Maintenancce: Regular p preventive maintenance h has to be an integral elem ment of road d investmentt.
3. Land acquisition: Existin ng land laws should be am mended to complete infrrastructure p projects at a fast pace.
4. Inter‐agencyy co‐ordinattion: Horizon ntal and verrtical interaggency cooperation IS needed for plaaned land usse to
ensure interr‐modal conn nectivity and d to connect well with oth her parts of the networkk to boost ovverall capacitty.
5. Funding: Sources for roaad funding aare principallly commitme ents from gross budgetary outlays th hough these may
stem from earmarked revenue sttreams, taxees and cesss, dedicated d road fund ds, or speciial developm ment
programmess such as thee Pradhan Mantri Gram SSadak Yojanaa (PMGSY).
6. Institutional arrangeme ents: Large n number of in nstitutions an nd agencies are responsible for desiggn, construcction,
operation an nd maintenaance at all levvels of Goverrnment.
Wayy Forward
1. Increase con nnectivity byy expandingg the road n network: To achieve thiss, the four veery importan nt projects tto be
undertaken
(a) Bharatm mala Pariyojaana Phase‐I ccomplete 24,800‐km by 2 2021‐22,
(b) Special Accelerated Road Deveelopment Prrogramme fo or the Nortth‐Eastern reegion (SARD DPNE), Phase 'A'
improvee about 4,099 9 km in the N North‐East,
(c) 'North‐EEast Road Neetwork Conn nectivity Pro
oject Phase1' improve infrastructure in Meghalaaya and Mizo oram
and enh hance conneectivity with interstate ro oads and intternational borders
b and Chardham Mahamarg Vikas V
Pariyojnna.
2. Improve roaad maintenaance and saafety: Maintaain NH assets by adoptiing a mainteenance management sysstem
(MMS).
3. Streamline land acquissition: Sensittize stakeho olders to iroon out details of land aacquisitions like determining
market valu ue, deciding a compensaation amoun nt, disbursem ment of com mpensation, eetc., as detaailed in the 2017
2
guidelines isssued by MO ORTH.
4. Skill development: Intro oduce vocattional trainin ng courses on
o road consstruction in Industrial Trraining Instittutes
nsure stringeent testing of
(ITIs) and en o driving skkills before granting
g drivving licences by adoptingg technologiically
advanced methods such as the automated drivin ng testing sysstem.
5. Increase the e capacity an nd reach of public transsport: Transfform State Road Transpo ort Undertakkings (SRTUs)) and
promote pu ublic transpoort, rural transport and last mile con nnectivity an
nd the Central Governm ment will havve to
work with states
s to devvelop bus teerminals andd provide support on technologies/ssoftware succh as VAHAN N(for
vehicle regisstration) and d Saarthi (for driving licen nces).
6. Expand the reach of th he electronicc toll collection (ETC) syystem Stream mline the 'FA ASTag' chargging system,, and
engage with h stakeholderrs and conceessionaires (ffor PPP toll p plazas) to enssure that all toll plazas have the requ uisite
infrastructurre for ETC.
Raailways

The Indian Railw ways (IR) is the third largest railway network in the world under a sin ngle manage ement and iss the
fourrth largest network in th he world in tterms of rou ute km (67,368 km in FYI7). It is also the largest p passenger (11,150
billio
on‐passengeer km in FYI7) and fourth largest freigght (620 billio on net‐tonnee km in FYI7)) transportin ng railway sysstem
globbally. In FYI7, 13,329 passsenger train
ns carried ovver 22.24 million passen
ngers daily w
while the fre
eight transpo
orted
was 1.1billion to onnes.

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By 2
2022‐23, Indiia should havve a rail netw work that is not only effiicient, reliab
ble and safe, but is also ccost effectivee and
acceessible, both with respect to the movvement of peeople and go oods. This req quires achievving the folloowing objecttives
1. Augment the e capacity off existing railway infrastrructure.
2. Increase the e speed of infrastructure creation fro om the prese ent 7 km/dayy to 19 km/d day by 2022‐23. Achieve "100
per cent" eleectrification of broad‐gauge track by 2022‐23 fro om the 40 peer cent level iin 2016‐17.
3. Increase the e average speeed of freigh ht and mail/ eexpress trainns to 50 km/hr (from abo out 24 km/hrr in 2016‐17)) and
80 km/hr (frrom about 60 0 km/ hr), reespectively.
4. By 2022‐23, the railwayss should havve a freight lo oad of 1.9 billion tonness and an imp proved modaal share of 40 0 per
cent of freigght movemen nt from the ccurrent level of 33 per ce ent.
5. Increase the e share of noon‐fare reven nues in total revenue to 2 20 per cent.
Challenges
1. Over‐stretch hed infrastruucture with 6 60 per cent p
plus routes be eing more th han 100 per ccent utilized,
2. Leading to a a reduction in average sp peed of passenger and frreight trains.. Moreover, negligible no on‐fare revenues
and high freight tariffs have led to a sub‐optimall freight sharre.
Wayy Forward
Prioritize ongoing projects to improve capacity utilization and a timely Prelims Poointers
mpletion of th
com hese projectts will generaate more revvenue. Ensure that the The World Economic Forum's Global
Dedicated Freigght Corridorrs (DFCs) eaarlier planned and the e Mumbai‐ Competitiveness Repo ort, 2018 ran
nks
Ahmmedabad Higgh Speed Raail (MAHSR) is completted on schedule. DFCs India as 53rd out of
f 140 countrries
shouuld be fully commissioneed by 2020; feeder routtes to the DFCs
D should worldwidee in air
a transport
infrastructture.
be d
developed sim multaneously.
Civvil Aviation

Indiaa's civil aviaation sector has been growing
g steaadily; the number of passengers
p w
was 158 milllion in 2016 6‐17.
Passsengers were 158 millio on in 2016‐117. Domesticc passenger traffic increeased at a C CAGR of almmost 10 per cent
betwween 2007‐0 08 and 2016‐‐17 and international paassenger trafffic grew at aa CAGR of 8..07 per cent during the ssame
period.
Obje ectives
1. Enhance the e affordabilitty of flying to
o enable an increase in domestic ticcket sales fro om 103.75 m million in 201 16‐17
to 300 millio on by 2022.
2. Double air cargo
c handleed from abo out 3.3 million tonnes in 2017‐18 to about 6.5 5 million tonnnes. Expand d the
Maintenance, Repair and d Overhaul ((MRO) industtry from USD D 1.8 billion iin 2017 to USD 2.3 billion n.
3. Enhance ava ailability and affordabilityy of regionall air connectivity and revvive/upgradee 56 unserved d airports an nd 31
unserved heelipads throu ugh the Regio onal Connecttivity Scheme‐ Ude Desh Ka Aam Naaagrik (RCS‐UDAN).
Challenges
1. Adequate hangar space e and availabbility of land
d to expand airports at their curren
nt sites, partticularly in major
m
cities, are neeeded.
2. Skilled work kers: According to a stud dy conducteed by the Ministry of Civvil Aviation, Indian aviatio on could dirrectly
support 1.0 to 1.2 millio on jobs by 20 035. This implies that ab bout 0.25 million persons will need tto be skilled over
the next 10 yyears.
Wayy Forward
Enhaance aviation infrastructture, Compleete the plann ned airports under the U UDAN initiative in a time‐ bound man nner,
in addition to completing tw wo new airp ports for Deelhi and Mum 22, Ease the regulatory environmen
mbai by 202 nt for
airports, Adopt a consistentt model for ttariff determ mination so that it reducees passenger cost and align taxation n and
priciing structuree to global beenchmarks b by considerin ng bringing aviation turbiine fuel (ATFF) under the rubric of GSTT.
Po
orts & Shippiing and Inlan
nd Water Traansport (IWTT)

Obje
ectives
1. Double the sshare of freight transporrted by coastal shipping and inland w
waterways frrom 6 per ce
ent in 2016‐1
17 to
12 per cent by 2025.
2. Increase the
e port handling capacity tto 2,500 million metric to
onnes (MMTT) by 2022‐233.

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3. Increase thee throughputt of inland waterways fro
om 55.20 MM
MT in 2016‐1
17 to 60‐70 M
MMT by 2022‐23.
Portts and Shipping
• India has a ccoastline spanning aboutt 7,500 km, forming one of the biggest peninsulaas in the worrld.
• Around 90 p per cent of India's external trade byy volume and d 70 per cen nt by value aare handled by ports. Tw welve
major ports and 205 non‐major porrts operate o on India's coaast. It is the most cost‐eeffective and d efficient m
mode
of transporttation.
• Sagarmala aaims to reducce the logistics costs for foreign and domestic trrade, leadingg to an overaall cost savings of
Rs. 35,000 to Rs. 40,000 0 crore annually by 2025 5. It also aims to double the share off water transsportation in n the
modal mix.
Inlannd Waterwaays
Inlannd Water Traansport (IWTT) carries lesss than 2 perr cent of India's organizeed freight traaffic and neggligible passeenger
trafffic. The Inlannd Waterwaays Authoritty of India (IWAI) is maandated to develop
d and maintain innfrastructure e for
fairw
way, navigattional aids and terminalss.
Challenges
1. A minimum draft depth of 18 metress is needed tto enable mo other vesselss to dock at pports.
2. It is difficult to attract ca
apital for building inland vessels as it is a significaant investment.
Wayy Forward
Dreddging market to open up p attracting m
more playerss, particularly internation nal players, iin dredging aactivities Cab
binet
Commmittee on EEconomic Afffairs approveed the impleementation o of the Jal Maarg Vikas Pro oject (JMVP)) to augment the
capaacity of Natio onal Waterw way‐1 (NW‐1) with technical assistancce and invesstment suppo ort from the
e World Bankk at a
costt of Rs.5369.18 crore.
Lo
ogistics

The contemporrary definition of logisstics involvees the integgration of information,, transportaation, inventory,
wareehousing, materials
m han
ndling and packaging. Loogistics management inccludes the d
design and administratio
a on of
system to contro ol the flow o work‐in‐progress, and finished inventtory to suppo
of material, w ort business unit strategyy.
Objeectives
1. Achieve mullti‐modal mo ovement of ccargo on par with global logistics stan ndards.
2. Reduce the logistics costt to less than n 10per cent of GDP from m the currentt level of 14pper cent.
3. Expand the llogistics marrket to USD 2 215 billion byy 2020 from the current level of USD D 160 billion.
4. Improve logistics skillingg and increasse jobs in thee sector to 40
0 million by 22022‐23 from
m about 22 m million in 20116.
Challenges
Abseence of last mile connecctivity and infrastructure, competitio on and underrutilized capacity, lack off interoperability
oftware systems used byy the authorities governin
of so ng different modes of traansport leads to increase e in transit time.
Wayy Forward
Rationalize tariffs and deterrmine prices III an efficieent manner across different modes, create an o overarching body
thatt maintains aa repository of all transp
port data to internal staake‐holders aand conductt robust analysis of the d data,
setting up multim ddress issuess related to infrastructure developme
modal logistics parks etcc. will help ad ent.
Wate
er Consservation as a N
National Movem
ment
I W
ndia is changging to a cou
n
b
become a glo
s
several othe
Water Crisis
untry when the whole w world is reco
ognizing it ass a 'New India'. India in recent timess has
obally recognized hub off IT industry, health touriism, space reesearch & usse of satellite
r sectors.
e technologyy and

• A Major Imp dia has just 2.4% geograaphical areaa of the worrld while harrbouring neaarly one sixtth of
pediment Ind
the global p
population an
nd the worldd's highest o
owner of live
estock (512 mmillion heads).
• Signs of water scarcity by way of limited access, declining quantity and deteriorating quality are e
evident.
• dominantly (70%) coverred by water, only 2.5%
Earth is pred % is fresh waater. India h
harbours only 4% of wo
orld's
freshwater rresources. Le
ess than 1% of the freshwater is easily accessiblee in lakes and d rivers.
• Disproportio or alone consumes nearlly 70% of the
onately, agricculture secto e freshwaterr used by hu
umans.
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• The countryy is expected d to become e 'water stre
essed' as per capita surfface water aavailability is on the deccline.
Several metropolis and rural areas fface acute sh hortage of eeven drinkingg water. Several parts off the countryy are
prone to waterborne disseases and human health h is a major cconcern in su
uch pockets. Water crisiss in many rem
mote
rural areas, particularly in the Himaalayan region
n, is a cause of drudgeryy as fetchingg water from
m long distaances
excessively aaffects wom men and takees away theirr considerab ble time fromm work, famiily care, and also resultss into
loss of econoomic opporttunities.
Naature, Wate
er and Peop
ple

• Nature, watter and peoople have in
ntricate relaationships ass nature plaays a fundaamental andd unique role in
regulating different features of the wwater cycle. Nature acts as a regulator, a cleaner and/or a su upplier of w
water.
Maintainingg healthy forrests and oth her natural e ecosystems ((grasslands aand wetland eads to improved
ds) directly le
water securiity not only ffor wild deniizens but for all.
W
Water Conse
ervation

Watter conservation is comp plex and dau unting, particularly in a human domminated coun ntry like Indiia having sevveral
com
mpeting demaands.
Watter conservation primariily involves tthe followingg three objectives:
a. Enhance waater availab bility ‐ This could be mainly achievved by adop pting a mixed strategy focussing
f on
n the
protection aand restoratiion of natural ecosystem ms (forests, ggrasslands and wetlandss including rivers), increaasing
green coverr aiming at source sustainability, managing riiparian forest buffers, adoption off water efficient
diversified agriculture,
a e
encouraging rainwater harvesting,
h undertaking
u massive soil and moistu ure conservaation
efforts, storaage in reservvoirs, water b budgeting, recycling and reuse.
b. Improve waater qualityy ‐ This meaans effectivee law enforcement and d stringent rregulation pollution
p con ntrol,
restrictions on pouring of sewage,, urban wasste, industriaal effluents and even p o use of toxics
prohibition on
(pesticides and
a weedicid des) in agricculture, establishment of STPs and water
w treatmment plants and adoptio on of
bioremediattion techniqu ues.
c. Reducing water‐related d risks ‐ Conssiderable areea of the cou untry is beingg annually im
mpacted by d droughts, flo oods,
long dry speells and diffeerent health hazards. Adoption of inttegrated watershed Man nagement programme, fflood
control mecchanisms, cllimate resilieent agriculture, promottion of alternate incom me generatio on activities and
sustainable livelihoods ccan minimizee risks and disaster manaagement.
A National M
Movement

• The Ministrry launched
d 'Jal Shaktii Abhiyan', a campaign on and water security. The
n for water conservatio
campaign will run througgh citizen paarticipation w of the campaaign would be on Water‐stressed disttricts
while focus o
and blocks in
n the countrry.
• Towards implementatio on of 'integraated watersshed develop pment programme' and d more or less it has takken a
shape of a national movemen nt, particulaarly in rain fed areas. Some of the otther promiinent
programmess/schemes laaunched by concerned Ministries
M arre PMKSY ‐ 'Har Khet kko Pani' and 'More Crop p Per
Drop'; Jal Shakti
S Abhiyyan; River Basin
B Managgement; National Wate er Mission; National Mission
M for Clean
C
Ganga‐Namami Gange, National Miission for Sustainable Aggriculture.
• Taking clue ffrom nationaal programm mes, several SStates have also initiated
d their own fflagship proggrammes rellated
to water management.
m . Some prominent onees are' Mukkhya Mantri Jal Swavlaamban Abhiiyan (MJSA)), by
Rajasthan GGovernment and 'Green Mahanadi M Mission' of OOdisha Government focu ussing on water developm ment
in water sttarved desert region an
nd rejuvenaation of Maahanadi Riveer, respectivvely. Participatory irrigaation
managemen nt backed byy the 'Pani PPanchayat Acct, 2002' in O ourishing through efficient and equittable
Odisha is flo
supply and d distribution o
of water ensuring optimuum utilisation by farmerss.
Co
onclusion

In co
onclusion, foollowing six priority actio
ons are visuaalised for maaking water managemen
nt sustainable in the cou
untry
as a reality throu
ugh an aggreessive nation nal movemen nt

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• Institutions and Gove ernance ‐ Institutions working/co ontributing directly or indirectly towards water
w
managemen nt would need strengthening and augmentatio
a ower and fin
n of manpo nancial resou
urces and also a
platform to bring in their efforts together for syn
nergistic outccome.
• Participatorry Approach h ‐ The National movvement cerrtainly requires particip
patory apprroaches seeeking
involvementt and empo owerment of people so
o they can establish
e a mechanism to impleme
ent and enfforce
judicious usee of water an
nd efficient m
management of preciouss water resou urces.
• Knowledge Managem ment ‐ Th he compleex subject of waterr resource managem ment calls for
collaborations/networking and institutionalisinng synergiess between various enttities for de
evelopment and
exchange off evidence‐b
based knowleedge on eco
osystem funcctions and development
d t of suitable
e technologiees to
Improve watter resource managemen nt to ensure source sustaainability.
• Ecosystem‐BBased Manaagement Approach ‐ The move from m isolationisst approachees to holisticc approachess are
desirable on
n a priority baasis. Therebyy, greater focus on river basins and rriver scapes ffor planning,, assessmentt and
intervention
ns are the neeed of the hoour.
• Continuous Care ‐ This aaspect seekss concerted eefforts towards conservaation of existting water so
ources as weell as
rejuvenation
n of rivers/reestoration/reecharging of depleted waater resourcees.
• Capacity De
evelopment ‐‐ The task of
f water manaagement is trricky. Successs towards co
ountering waater wastagee and
n of natural ecosystemss could be accomplishe
degradation a ng awarenesss and apprropriate capacity
d by creatin
developmennt of various stakeholderrs.
D
Develop ing a kn
nowledgge‐based societty
J Ch
uly 22, 2019
commenced
9 was yet an
d its historic journey to tthe moon byy lofting its most complex satellite C
lander and a rover for lunar exploraation.
hanrayaan‐2
On that day ISRO
nother red‐leetter day in the history of Indian Science and Teechnology. O
Chandrayaan‐2 along wwith a

• The GSLV M MKIII, nicknam
med as Bahu d the Chandrayaan‐2 in a highly ellip
ubali, placed ptical orbit aaround the earth.
will be reduced so that th
As it reachess the moon its velocity w he spacecrafft will be pulled into the orbit aroundd the
moon.
• Aerial surveey of the landing locatiion will be made by th
he mother spacecraft
s b
based on wh
hich the lan
nding
sequence will be worked d out.
• The lander named as Vikram
V is go
oing to soft land
l in a tottally unknow
wn territory with uncerttainties abouut its
trajectory and performaance makingg India's maaiden effort to land on the uncharttered surface cluttered with
meteors and d rocks. ISRO
O is planning to achieve e this in Sep ptember and d India will rreaffirm its well‐established
fourth posittion in the ellite space clu
ub of develo oped nationss.
• The unique mission as aa rover carryying analyticaal instrumen nts moving around the laanding site aand analyzingg the
samples is going
g to be a historical event. Confiirmation of quality and
d quantum o
of water, He
elium‐3 and rare
metals are going to bee valuable in nputs for en
nhancing funndamental knowledge
k aabout moon n and inputs for
future lunarr missions.
Baackground

• India was flourishing in
n the scienttific thoughtts and inven
ntions starting from 50
000 B.C. ample examplees of
excellent to a use of metals as se
own planning, agriculturral practicess, Ayurveda,, astrology and een in the relics
r
from Harapp pa and Mohenjodaro on n the banks o of Sindhu an nd Saraswati rivers.
• The most im mportant ach hievement is in the field of agriculturre. In the miid‐sixties a green revoluttion was bro ought
in by Dr. M..S. Swaminathan and hiss team. Thiss is what enaabled the co
ountry to achieve self re
eliance in sevveral
areas. It is heartening
h to know thatt the Govern
nment is takking a number of initiatiives in creatting a knowledge
society by sp preading digital connectiivity and servvices in rurall areas.

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Cu
urrent Scenario

• The currentt year's bud
dget has ide
entified thru
ust areas likke biotechno
ology, sciencce education and indusstrial
application of R&D resu ults. But the budget alloccation for thhe S&T sector is less thann 0.8% comp pared to about 3‐
5% by developed countrries, including China.
• The investm ment in humaan resource developmen nt aiming at enabling thee youth pow wer with the scientific tem mper
has to be given
g top most
m priority. The STEAM M (Science, Technologyy, Engineering, Arts an nd Mathemaatics)
method cou uld be implemented so that
t nabled to think independ
the chilldren are en dently and analyze
a and take
decisions in a logical manner. They ccan be groom med in the fie eld of their interest. Theeir experimen ntal and pracctical
skills have to
t be develooped right frrom the begginning so th
hat when chhildren leavee school theyy will be able to
undertake p practical work in the relevvant field. In
ndia has to do o a lot more to become aa global playyer in S&T seector.
It is not onlyy necessary tto enhance ffunding but also to put in place an empowered b body for imp plementing tthese
programmess in a focusseed and time‐‐bound manner.
Ad
ddressin
ng Rurall Povertty: Livelihood D
Develop
pment and
Diveersificattion
A
A s the Sustainable Deevelopment Goals (SDGss) bring out clearly, povverty is multti‐dimensional and thereefore
challengees of creatin ng poverty‐frree Rural Cluusters. As recent data po
third of tthe services sector is alreeady part of the Rural Eco
Onee has also to
o bear in mind
m that there were 4
onomy.
oints out, half of manufaacturing and one‐
addiitional sourcces of fundds for addreessing Rural

Poveerty during tthis period:
• The sharing pattern und der Programm mes for non
Himalayan States
S became 6040 and 9010 in
Himalayan States. Un nder Pradh han Mantri
Awaas Yojana Gramin (PMAY‐G),
( instead of a
7525 sharring earlierr, it becaame 6040
leveraging aa total of Rs. 45,000 crorre in 3 years
as State shaare, against a Governme ent of India
provision off Rs. 81,9755 crore. Likeewise, from
December 2015, Statees started contributing
c
40% of Praadhan Manttri Gram Saadak Yojana
(PMGSY) fun nds. This leveeraged an ad dditional Rs.
8000 to Rs. 9000 crore o of State sharre each year
which were not available earlier with PMGSY. A
similar increease happenned in Prograammes that
were brough ht on 6040 shares from tthe earlier 75 525, like NSA
AP, DAY‐NRLM
M, etc.
• From 2017 ‐18, under the
t Housing Programmee, additional resources were
w mobilizzed through Extra Budgeetary
Resources (EEBRs) as welll. A total of Rs. 21,975 ccrore of Extra Budgetarry Funds havve been mob bilized/are bbeing
mobilized in
n 2017 to 201 19 period foor PMAY‐Graamin. Rs. 732 29.43 crore h
has already b
been disbursed through EEBR.
• The transferr of funds under
u 4th Finance Commission
the 14 n awards haas also regisstered a sign
nificant incrrease
compared to o the allocattions earlierr under the 1 13th Finance Commission n. Bank Loan by Women Self Help Groups
in the last 5 years.
• The fourth important faactor to notee is the leverraging of Bank Loans by Women Sellf Help Groups (SHGs) du uring
this period. A total of Rss. 1.64 lakh crore have bbeen mobilizzed as Bank Loan by Wo omen Self He elp Groups in n the
last 5 years.
The Socio Econ nomic Caste Census (SEECC) 2011 re eleased in July
J 2015 provided
p an Evidence Baased Criteriaa for
Seleection of Benneficiaries un
nder various Governmentt Programme es.
The application of deprivatio on criteria off SECC to thee Provision foor LPG Gas connection under Ujjwalaa, free houseehold
elecctricity connection undeer Saubhagyya, selection n of beneficciaries undeer PMAY‐G,, and now selection under

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Aayushman Bhaarat for Natiional Health Protection have ensure ed that the bbenefits of ddevelopmentt reach the m most
deprived on a prriority.
The use of SECC
C in finalizattion of Labour Budgets to
t States unnder Mahatm ma Gandhi National Ru ural Employm ment
Guarantee Sche eme (MGNREEGS) and insistence in en nrolment of all women ffrom househ holds with deeprivation under
SHGGs of Deendaayal Antyodaaya Yojana‐National Rural Livelihoo ods Mission (DAY‐NRLM M) has also ennsured that poor
regio
ons with largger number o of poor housseholds receive priority in Programm mes of Rural P Poverty.
Mah hatma Gandh hi National R Rural Employyment Guaraantee Schem me (MGNREG GS) focused o on durable aassets and W Water
Conservation, an nd also provvided for liveelihood geneerating indiviidual benefitts like farm ponds, dug w wells, goat sshed,
poultry shed, ho ousing suppo ort, and supp port for dairyy shed.
Mah hatma Gand dhi National Rural Emp ployment Guarantee
G Scheme
S (MG GNREGS) haas been a major
m sourcce of
strengthening livelihood seccurity with ffull transparrency duringg this period.. The Central Governmen nt's commitm ment
to ensure effective implemeentation of M MGNREGS is rreflected by the continuo ous increase in Budget allocation.
Totaal Budget Allo ocation FY 2017‐18 was Rs. 55,167 crore which w was highest ssince inceptio on.
Fundd Utilizationn
The fund utilizattion (includin ng Central an nd State share) has also seen a signifficant increase in comparison to prevvious
financial years. TThe total exxpenditure in n FY 2017‐ 1 18 is about Rs. 64,288 ccrore (Provissional) which h is highest ever
since inception.. The person n‐days generrated under MGNREGS in n the last 3 years has beeen in the raange of235 ccrore
everry year. Thiss is higher than most years
y beforee, indicatingg how the thrust
t urable assetts and Individual
on du
Beneficiary Scheemes (IBSs) h has generateed a steady demand for M MGNREGS.
Povverty of Hou
useholds Poverty of Geograph
hies
• Lack of eduucation and sskills • Low price for prooduce ‐ distress
• Under‐nutrrition and ill‐‐health • Violeence/crime
• Lack of employment op pportunities • Un irrrigated agri//vagaries of monsoon
• Asset lesseens • Lack of basicc infra‐road ds, electriccity,
• Lack of safee housing interrnet
• Limited acccess to publicc services • Lack of access too markets and jobs
• Clutches off middle men n/corruption n/ money len
nder • Lack of non‐farmm opportunities
• Absence off Social Capital collectivees of womenn/youth/poo
or
householdss
R
Reformi
ing Govvernance
e
The avowed objjective of "SSabka Saath, Sabka Vikaaas and Sabka Vishwaas" and the Priime Minister's clarion caall of
achieving a 5 trillion dollar eeconomy by 2024‐25 neccessitates pu utting in placce a whole seet of initiativves towards ggood
goveernance.
Cooperative and d Competitivve Federalism m
umber of inittiatives havee been taken
A nu n to foster co ooperative federalism th hrough strucctured suppo ort initiativess and
mecchanisms of eengagementt with the Staates/Union TTerritories (U UTs) on a con ntinuous basis
• Cabinet Minissters with alll Chief Ministers;
meetings beetween Primee Minister/C
• sub‐groups o bjects of natiional importance;
of Chief Ministers on sub
• port and capacity development of Staate/UT functtionaries;
sharing of beest practicess; policy supp
• Aspirational Districts Pro
ogramme forr developmeent of 115 mo
ost backward
d districts;
• theme based
d extensive eengagementts in various sectors;
• del laws for lland leasing and agriculture marketin
framing mod ng reforms and
• Area specificc interventio
ons for North
h Eastern, Him
malayan Stattes, and Islan
nd developm
ment.

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Onee of the key eelements of governance in a pursuit towards transforming In
ndia is "Oncee districts co
ompete amo ongst
themmselves, Staates would emerge
e stronger and wh
hen States compete
c am
mongst themmselves, the nation beco
omes
stronger".
Diirect Benefiit Transfer aand Use of Aadhaar

• With Aadhaaar now firm
mly in place especially in targeted delivery of subsidies, D
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
continues to
o make majo or inroads intto policy andd service deliivery framew work of the ccountry. Currrently aboutt 439
schemes acrross 55 Ministries are co overed by DB BT.
• In 2018‐ 19
9 there were
e 59 crore beneficiaries
b s of DBT whho got bene efits in cash
h while morre than 70 crore
c
beneficiaries got it in kind (for instaance, food an
nd fertilizers)). India has ggiven his asseent to the Aaadhaar and o other
Laws (Amen ndment) Act 2019 providing a strong regulatory framework fo or operation of Aadhaar and its volun ntary
use. States ccan also use Aadhaar for implementing their sche emes.
Ou
utcome Bassed Monito
oring

Over the last few w years, therre has been a structural change in th he budget making processs with remo oval of Plan/Non‐
n distinction and rationalization of Centrally Sponsored
Plan S and Central Sector scheemes. A maajor step in this
direction is intrroduction off Outcome Based
B Budgets since Unnion Budgett 2017‐18. TThis is in contrast to eaarlier
mecchanism of merely
m focusing on finaancial outlayys, expenditu utputs. This is a major sttep in impro
ures and ou oving
goveernance as the thrust is on meeting the expectaations of the people by focusing on o outcomes an nd not merely on
howw much expenditure has b been incurreed under the respective sschemes.
E‐Governance

• With advanccements in IInformation and Commu unication Technology (ICCT) coupled wwith penetraation of Aad
dhaar
and mobile p
phones, it haas been posssible to proviide many public services through onlline modes.
• Starting from biometricc attendancee of Govern
nment emplo oyees, digitiizing database of benefiiciaries acrosss all
schemes, seeeding withh Aadhaar numbers,
n ussing PoS machines for beneficiaryy authenticaation and finally
transferring the funds to
o Aadhaar linked bank aaccounts, varrious initiativves have maade marked iimprovemen nts in
the way servvices are delivered to thee public.
• Digital Indiaa programm
me is centreed on threee key vision areas viz. Digital Infraastructure as
a a core uttility;
governance and servicess on demand d; and digital empowerm ment of citizens,
• Key elementts of this programme in nclude Panch hayats through BharatNe et, providingg Aadhaar numbers,
n setting
up Common n Service Ceentres includ ding in eachh Gram Pancchayat, Digittal Lockers ffor every cittizen, digital life
certificates, DBT, digitall payments, and so on. C Connectivity for all 2.5 laakh Gram Panchayats thrrough BharattNet,
providing Aadhaar num mbers, setting up Comm mon Service Centres including in eaach Gram Paanchayat, Digital
Lockers for eevery citizen, digital life ccertificates, DBT, digital p
payments, and so on.
• blic Grievancce Redressaal and Monitoring Systeem (CPGRAM
Besides, porrtals as Centralized Pub MS), the Unnified
Mobile App plication forr New‐age Governance
G (UMANG) and MyGovv are in placce providingg informatio
on to
citizens seekking feedbacck and resolvving grievances.
Trransformingg India

NITI Aayog has ttaken the initiative of indducting highlly motivated d Young Professionals and Consultantts on contractual
basis in its workfforce so as to provide a ffresh perspeective in the w
way Governmment thinks and operate
es.
Laaw and Order

Legaal and judiciaal reforms wwould need to o be attendeed on priority so as to en nsure safety of people an
nd ensure acccess
to ju
ustice in a tim
mely and effeective manner. Though law and orde er is a state ssubject, Goveernment of India would n need
to coontinue engaging states to reform th heir policing. In the area of judicial reforms, therre is again a significant scope
for iimprovemen e is a need tto reduce crriminalization by compo
nt especially with the usee of IT. There ounding of m minor
offe
ences with stteep penaltie es that act aas a real dete
errent. Focus needs to b be more on aarbitration soo that most ccases
get rresolved outt of court.

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Co
onclusion

Trannsforming India, as a mandate, is by no means an n easy task. It requires clarity of visio
on, well thouught out straategy
and action planss dovetailed to achieve tthat larger vvision. The Su ustainable DDevelopmentt Goals, of w which India iss one
of th
he signatoriees, layout thee roadmap ffor all countrries includingg India, to acchieve by 20 030. Accordin ngly, India iss also
align
ning its goalss and targets to achieve SDG objectives. While ggood govern nance is perrvasive acrosss all goals, Goal
16 specifically
s d
deals with access
a to ju
ustice and building
b effe
ective, accou
untable and d inclusive institutions. This
cannnot be done by the Goveernment alo one and need ds collaborative approacch of all stakkeholders be e it judiciary,, civil
society, corporaate, think tanks, academmia, media or
o citizens thhemselves. Only
O he objective of Transforming
then th
Indiaa can be achieved in its ttruest sense..
T
Transfo
orming Indian Health System
m
B
B
y mid off 2019 health h sector in In
ndia has arguuably crossed d the policy fformulation stage and iss in early stagge of
implemeentation. The National Health
H Policyy (NHP) 2017
7 has provid
ded a concreete shape giving directio
on to
health seector and haas universal hhealth coverrage as its
central ggoal. In the p
process of poolicy draftingg, the key
heallth system challengess have beeen identiffied and
docu
umented.
The initiatives u
under NRHM, in the decadee to follow, reesulted in
dia eliminating polio, yaaws and maaternal and neonatal
Ind
tettanus; reduceed incidencess of many co
ommunicable diseases
and brought atttention on streengthening PH HC system.
The period of 20 017‐20 is also o a time wheen India is co ompleting

'con
nventionally accepted' IS‐year 'policcy‐to‐implem mentation
cyclee. NRHM is often referrred to as th
he first major health
system reforms in India, since the reporrt of Sir Joseeph Bhore
Commmittee in 19 946.
The country achhieved a fastter‐than ever decline in child and
maternal mortaalities. India reached veery close to o achieve
Milleennium Deveelopment Go oals 4 & 5 (and accordingg to some
mates, it did achieve them).
estim
Step
ps to ensure that the cou untry is on trrack for bettter health ou utcomes for the people o
of India
Pu
ut Primary H
Health Care
e (PHC) First

NHPP 2017 has pproposed to use two‐third or more o of Government spendin ng on PHC syystem. Indian states havve an
borate network of nearlly 200,000 Government
elab G t Primary He
ealth Care Facilities (GPPHCFs), which deliver aroound
10%% of total outt‐patient serrvices (excluding Mother and child h health servicees). Evidencee points thatt the PHC sysstem
can tackle up to 80% of health needs and d can reducee the need foor specializedd health servvices.
PHCC is a compreehensive app proach with focus on heaalth and well‐being of alll people. World Health Organization n has
prop his is possible through interventions through
posed that th
a. Primary caree and essenttial public heealth function ns as the corre of integrated health seervices (to taackle core heealth
determinantts);
b. Multi‐sectorral policies and actions (tto tackle social determinants of healtth)
c. Empowered people an nd commun nities India needs to consider adopting
a similar appro
oach to deeliver
comprehenssive primary healthcare.
Sttronger Heaalth Systems through SStronger PH
HC System

Our country is in
n the implem
mentation sttage and theere is a lot o used for effective
of evidence aavailable which can be u
proggramme design, implemeentation andd scale up.
• Re‐design PH
HC system based upon available locaal evidence

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• Correct 'the inverted pyrramid' of heaalth servicess provision an
nd utilization
n
• Start focusseed initiativess to tackle so
ocial determiinants of heaalth (SDH)
• Establish Sub‐district‐based health syystem in India
• Strengthen u
urban health
h governancee for multi‐ ssectoral collaaboration
• Use of Behavioural Econ
nomics for beetter health o
outcomes
• Focus on public health cadre
Co
onclusion

Indiaa has crosseed the health policy formulation staage and is embarking
e on its implem
mentation. There
T is focu
us on
strengthening overall health h systems wiith revitalisation of Primary Health C Care (PHC) syystem, which h can addresss up
to 80% health neeeds of popu ulation.
In thhis process, iit will be impportant thatt
(a) A
Available locaal evidence aare used to rreform PHC ssystem
(b) Inverted pyraamid of health service deelivery is corrected
New initiativees for tacklin
(c) N ng social deteerminants off health are sstarted
(d) SSub‐district b
based health systems is d designed and d developed
(e) U
Urban health h governancee is strengtheened
(f) B
Behavioural eeconomics to o address demand side aspects of health servicess utilization iss used

PRELIIMS POIN
NTERS
JAL SHAKTI ABH HIYAN –
A caampaign for water conseervation and d water security through citizen partiicipation is u underway fro om 1st July, 2019
to 15th Septemb ber, 2019. Union Jal Shakkti Minister, Shri Gajendra Singh Sheekhawat, ann nounced the commencem ment
of th
he Jal Shaktii Abhiyan ‐ aa campaign ffor water co onservation aand water seecurity. An additional Phase 2 will bee run
from
m 1st Octobeer, 2019 to 30 0th Novemb ber, 2019 for States receiving the Norrth East retreeating monso oons.
The focus of thee campaign w will be on water stressed d districts an
nd blocks in different staates. Some b best practicees for
grouund water harvesting in different paarts of the country,
c which are also supportive tto achieve th
he goal of water
w
consservation maay be seen ass below
• Dobha Consstruction for Rain Water Harvesting, Jharkhand
Dobbhas are indigenous structures for w water conservation which h were prevvalent in the region, regaaining popullarity
during the ongo oing water crrisis. Dobhass store rainw
water which can be used for irrigatio
on purposes during non‐rainy
monnths. This red
duces the deependence o of the farmerrs on monsoo ons and help
ps them diveersify their crropping patterns.
The constructionn of one lakkh dobhas (faarm ponds) was taken u up by the Staate Governm ment in mission mode du uring
20166 in order to
o deal with w
water conservvation in thee wake of sevvere heat an
nd poor rainss in the last ttwo years. Under
the scheme, thee beneficiary applies for aa dobha, whiich has to be
e sanctioned by the Statee Governmen nt.
• Kapil Dhara Constructio on of Dug We ells Under M
MGNREGA, M Madhya Pradesh
Construction of dug wells fo
or irrigation purposes and various water
w conserrvation strucctures like Check
C dams, stop
damms, Contour TTrenches etcc. have enabled farmers tto irrigate th heir fields an
nd they are aable to sow w wheat and rice in
placce of jowar aand maize w which were grown earlie
g r due to sho ortage of irrigation faciliities. In addiition to this they
havee started gro
owing vegetaables also wh hich has resu
ulted in grow
wth of their inncome.
• Farm Pond O On Demand Scheme, Vid darbha and MMarathawad da Region, MMaharashtraa
For constructionn of farm pon nds, Government of Mah harashtra haas set the tarrget of 1,11,111 farm po
onds. Farm ponds
havee several ben
nefits. It reduces dependdence on gro
ound water, reduces pow wer required to pump waater as comp pared
to ground waterr, cultivation on bunds geenerates extra income annd rechargess ground watter.
• Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan
n, Maharashttra

er Nagar | 19
| PH
H. No. - 011-474
401259, 981190
06458, 9818333
3201 |
BALIIYANS
S.COM
M | AN
A IN
NSIGH
HT IN
NITIA
ATIVE
E
This includes arresting
a raiinwater within the villlage boundaaries, increaasing ground water level, creation of
deceentralized water
w bodiess, rejuvenation of the old water storage
s stru
uctures, creaation of new
w water bo odies,
restoring the stoorage capaciity, increasin
ng area undeer protective e irrigation by efficient w water use, immplementatio on of
Grouund Water Act,
A de‐siltin ng of structu
ures with peeople particiipation, creaation of watter awareness, publicityy and
senssitization am
mong the peo ople, people's participatiion in water budgeting. Jalyukta Shivvar Abhiyan was launcheed in
20155‐16.
• Sujalam Suffalam Jalsancchay Abhiyan 2018, Gujaarat
The aim was to iincrease the storage capacity of the eexisting rese ervoirs by de‐‐silting of check‐dams an nd deepeningg the
Ponds, lakes and riverbeds,, besides cleeaning the riivers to acco
ommodate more
m rain w
water. Througgh the camp
paign
11,0
000 lakh cubic feet of waater storage capacity waas enhanced in the Statee and 5,500 km canals cleaned by taaking
out silt and otheer garbage. TThe soil dug out from lakkes and rivers were giveen to farmerss and they used fertile soil in
their farms whicch would furtther increasee agriculturee productivityy
• Pani PanchaayatOdisha W Water Resou urce Consolid dation Proje ect
The primary objjective of 0rrissa Water Resource Co onsolidation Project (OW WRCP) was tto improve the
t planningg and
deveelopment prrocess for th he state's water resourcce; thus incrreasing the overall
o agriccultural prod
ductivity thro
ough
inveestments for improvement of the exiisting scheme. Participattory Irrigation Management was intrroduced in O Orissa
in 19995 on a pilo ot basis under Orissa Waater Resourcces Consolidation Projecct (OWRCP) u under the baanner of Farmers
Orgaanization and Turnover (FOT). Experriencing its ssuccess at large, it was eextended to all the commands of M Major,
Med dium, Minorr and Lift Irrigation Projeects. The maain objectivees of the inttervention w
were to prommote and seecure
equiitable distribbution of watter among its users, adeq quate maintenance of irrrigation system, efficientt and econom mical
utilizzation of water to optimize agricuultural produ uction and to
t protect the t environm ment and ensure
e ecoloogical
balaance, inculcaating a sensee of ownership of the irrigation sysstem in acco ordance with h the water budget andd the
operational plan n.
• Mukhyaman ntri Jal Swavvlamban Abh hiyan, Rajastthan
Rainn water harvesting ‐ Consstruction of various wateer conservattion structurees, Participatory Approach, IEC activvities.
Creaation of add
ditional storaage capacitiies to harveest 128 Meu um (4516 Mcft)
M water coupled witth extensive and
vigo
orous watershed develop pment activitties in an exxhaustive and d scientific m
manner help ped in interceepting additional
1117 70 Mcft mon nsoon waterr that resulteed in(a) Betteer availability of potable water durin ng summer, ((b) Improvem ment
in grround waterr, (c) Revival of defunct hand pumpss, tube wellss and open w wells, (d) Enhanced wate er availability for
lean
n season irriggation resultted in increaased area un
nder lean se
eason crop &
& orchard, (ee) Developin
ng and sustaining
floraa and fauna, (f) Mitigatinng drought ab buses and reeducing pligh ht of masses..
• Artificial reccharge for Sp pring rejuven nation, Soutth Sikkim disstrict, Sikkim
m
Stagggered trench for artificiaal recharge in
n the spring shed. Enhanncing yield off springs for sspring rejuve
enation.
• Mission Kakkatiya, Telangana
Misssion Kakatiyaa programme for restoriing all the m
minor irrigatio
on tanks andd lakes in Teelangana Statte. The objective
of M
Mission Kakatiya is to enhance the development of agricultu ure based inccome for sm mall and margginal farmerrs, by
acceelerating the developm
ment of minnor irrigatio
on infrastructure, stren
ngthening ccommunity based irrigaation
mannagement an nd adopting aa comprehen
nsive programme for restoration of ttanks.

er Nagar | 20
| PH
H. No. - 011-474
401259, 981190
06458, 9818333
3201 |

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