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P4 Solution (v19) - CL PDF
P4 Solution (v19) - CL PDF
Sixth Edition
P4 – Solutions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
P4 – Solutions 1
P4.1 Introduction to Motion in Two Dimensions .......................................................................................................................... 2
P4.2 Projectile Motion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
P4.3 Relative Motion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
P4.4 Kinematics of Circular Motion .................................................................................................................................................. 24
Test Practice Problems ............................................................................................................................................................................ 30
P4 – Solutions 2
IN CLASS EXERCISE
LEVEL 1 Displacement 500
IV. Average velocity = = 20×60
time
5
Q1. Let point 𝐴 be origin. = 12 𝑚/𝑠 (Along AD)
Therefore the coordinates of 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are
(0, 500), (400, 500) and (400, 300) respectively. Q2. The resultant displacement can be calculated by
I. Distance = AB + BC + CD = (500 + 400 + 200) adding individually all the three displacement
= 1100 m N
s3
450
s1 s2
And 𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗3 = −30√2 (cos 45 𝑖̂ + sin 45𝑗̂ ) Q6. The position of the particle is given by
1
𝑆⃗ = 𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆2 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆3 = 30𝑗̂ + 20 𝑖̂ − 30 𝑖̂ − 30 𝑗̂ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑢 ⃗⃗𝑡 + 𝑎⃗𝑡 2 2
= −10 𝑖̂ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 (𝑡) = 5 𝑖̂𝑚/𝑠
Hence resultant displacement is 10 𝑚 (west) 1
𝑟⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝑡) = (5 𝑖̂)𝑡 + (3.0 𝑖̂ + 2.0 𝑗̂)𝑡 2
2
Q3. Here, acceleration 𝑎⃗ = (4𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠 2 is constant.
𝑟⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝑡) = (5.0𝑡 + 1.5𝑡 2 )𝑖̂ + (1.0𝑡 2 )𝑗̂
So, we can apply
1 Therefore, Magnitude of position vector in the
𝑣⃗ = 𝑢 ⃗⃗𝑡 + 2 𝑎⃗𝑡 2
⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗ 𝑡 and 𝑠⃗ = 𝑢 𝑥 − direction
Substituting the proper values, we get 𝑥 (𝑡) = 5.0𝑡 + 1.5𝑡 2
𝑣⃗ = (2 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂) + (2)(4𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂) Magnitude of position vector in the 𝑦 − direction
= (10 𝑖̂ + 7 𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠 𝑦 (𝑡) = 1.0𝑡 2
1
And 𝑠⃗ = (2 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂)(2) + (2)2 (4 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂) I. Let us first find out when 𝑥(𝑡) = 84 𝑖̂
2
= (12 𝑖̂ + 10 𝑗̂) 𝑚 Given 𝑥 (𝑡) = 84 𝑚, 𝑡 =?
Therefore, velocity and displacement of particle 5.0𝑡 + 1.5𝑡 2 = 84
at 𝑡 = 2𝑠 are (10 𝑖̂ + 7 𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠 and (12 𝑖̂ + (3𝑡 + 28)(𝑡 − 6) = 0 ⇒ 𝑡 = 6 𝑠
10 𝑗̂) 𝑚 respectively. At 𝑡 = 6 𝑠, 𝑦 = 1.0 (6)2 = 36.0 𝑚
II. Now, the velocity as a function of time
𝑑𝑟 𝑑
Q4. 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡 ((3𝑡)𝑖̂ + (2𝑡 2 )𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂) 𝑑𝑟⃗
𝑣⃗ = = (5.0 + 3.0 𝑡)𝑖̂ + 2.0𝑡𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡
= 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑡𝑗̂ Velocity of the particle at 𝑡 = 6 𝑠
𝑑𝑣
Also, 𝑎(𝑡) = = 4𝑗̂ 𝑣⃗ = (5 + 3 × 6)𝑖̂ + 2 × 6𝑗̂ = 23𝑖̂ + 12𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑎 = 4.0 𝑚𝑠 −2 along 𝑦 − direction Speed of the particle at 𝑡 = 6 𝑠,
At 𝑡 = 1.0 𝑠, 𝑣 = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ |𝑣| = √(23)2 + 122 = √673 𝑚/𝑠
Its magnitude is 𝑣 = √32 + 42 = 5.0 𝑚/𝑠 𝑑𝑣
Q7. We know that 𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑣=𝑣 𝑡=𝑡
LEVEL 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡 ⇒ ∫𝑣=𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫𝑡=𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑜 𝑜
𝑡
Q5. Assume origin at the point where the bird is ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + ∫𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑜
sitting, take the upward direction to be positive
It is given that particle was at rest at 𝑡 = 0
𝑦 − axis and rightward direction to be positive
⇒ 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣𝑥 𝑖̂ + 𝑣𝑦 𝑗̂ = 0 at 𝑡 = 0
𝑥 − axis.
⇒ 𝑣𝑥 = 0 & 𝑣𝑦 = 0
Velocity of the boy, 𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑏 = −6𝑖̂ 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑡 𝑡
1000 5 ⇒ 𝑣⃗ = (0 + ∫0 3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡) 𝑖̂ + (0 − ∫0 4𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡) 𝑗̂
= − (6 × ) 𝑖̂ = −1.66𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 or − 𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠
3600 3
𝑣⃗ = 𝑡 3 𝑖̂ − 𝑡 4 𝑗̂
Let the time of fall of cherry be 𝑡 and initial
At 𝑡 = 3 𝑠,
velocity be 𝑢 which is zero because the cherry is
𝑣⃗ = 33 𝑖̂ − 34 𝑗̂ = 27𝑖̂ − 81𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
dropped. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Also 𝑣⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑡 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑡
⇒ 𝑟⃗ = (𝑥𝑜 + ∫0 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑡) 𝑖̂ + (𝑦𝑜 + ∫0 𝑣𝑦 𝑑𝑡) 𝑗̂
1.66 m/s
At 𝑡 = 0 particle was at rest
Acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔⃗ = −9.8𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠 2 ⇒ 𝑥𝑜 = 𝑦𝑜 = 0
2.6m 𝑡 𝑡
Displacement 𝑠⃗ = −19.6𝑗̂ 𝑚 ⇒ 𝑟⃗ = (0 + ∫0 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡) 𝑖̂ + (0 − ∫0 𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡) 𝑗̂
1
⃗⃗𝑡 + 2 𝑔⃗𝑡 2
⇒ 𝑠⃗ = 𝑢 𝑡4 𝑡5
𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ 𝑚
1 4 5
⇒ −19.6𝑗̂ = 0 − 2 (9.8𝑗̂) × 𝑡 2
At 𝑡 = 3𝑠
19.6
⇒ 𝑡2 = =4⇒ 𝑡=2𝑠 𝑟⃗ =
81
𝑖̂ −
243
𝑗̂ 𝑚
4.9 4 5
In these 2 𝑠, the boy will cover, The above equation gives us position vector of
5 10
𝑥 = | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝑏 |𝑡 = × 2 = 𝑚 towards the tree. particle at 𝑡 = 3 𝑠
3 3
P4.1
P4 – Solutions 4
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0
LEVEL 3
The 𝑥 – component of the velocity at time 𝑡 =
4.0 𝑠 is given by Q11. In such type of problems, when velocity of one
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 part of a body is given and that of other is
= 8.0 𝑚/𝑠 + (1.2 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(4.0 𝑠) required we first find the relation between the
= 8.0 𝑚/𝑠 + 4.8 𝑚/𝑠 = 12.8 𝑚/𝑠 two displacements and then differentiate them
The 𝑦-component of velocity at 𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠 is given with respect to time.
by Here, if the distance from the corner to the point
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 𝐴 is 𝑥 and from corner point to 𝐵 is 𝑦. Then,
P4 – Solutions 5
𝑑𝑥 P1(-1,-1,0)
Velocity of point 𝐴 is 𝑣 = − 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 D
And velocity of point 𝐵 is 𝑣𝐵 = − 𝑑𝑡
P
(Negative sign denotes that the direction is P2(3,-1,-3)
(4.-1,5)
opposite to usual coordinate system) Let the bird fly and reaches point 𝐷 where it is
Further, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑙 2 collinear with 𝑃1 & 𝑃2
Differentiating with respect to time 𝑡 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑃 2 3
2 𝑃1 | = √(−1 − 3) + (−1 + 1) + (0 + 3)
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑡 = 0 = √42 + 32 = 5
𝑥(−𝑣) = 𝑦(−𝑣𝐵 ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑃 2 2
2 𝑃| = √(4 − 3) + (−1 + 1) + (5 + 3)
2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑦 𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = √65
B Here ∠ 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃 = 𝜃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝑃 2 𝑃 ).(𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2 𝑃1 ) ̂ ).(−4𝑖̂+3𝑘
(𝑖̂+8𝑘 ̂) 4
⇒ cos 𝜃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
= =
l |𝑃 2 𝑃 ||𝑃 2 𝑃1 | 5√65 √65
4 7
cos 𝜃 = , sin 𝜃 =
√65 √65
V A
From ∆𝑃𝐷𝑃2 to, 𝑃𝐷 = 𝑃𝑃2 sin 𝜃
Fig.3.50 = √65 ×
7
=7𝑚
Q12. Let the position of bird 𝑃 and the two positions √65
7
𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are as shown figure ⇒ Time taken by bird = 2 sec = 3.5 𝑠
HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 On comparison,
Initial velocity in the 𝑦 − direction 𝑢𝑦 = 8
Q1. D
𝑑𝑥 Acceleration in the 𝑦 − direction,
𝑣𝑥 = = 2𝑎𝑡 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
−5 = 2 𝑎𝑦 ⇒ 𝑎𝑦 = −10 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑣𝑦 = = 2𝑏𝑡 ⇒ 𝑣 = √𝑉𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑦2
𝑑𝑡 Now in the case of horizontal direction
= √4𝑎2 𝑡 2 + 4𝑏2 𝑡 2 = 2𝑡√𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Horizontal displacement is given as, 𝑥 = 6𝑡
1
Hence, correct choice is (D). Compare it with 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2
Q2. A On comparison,
To find initial velocity in 𝑥 − direction Initial velocity in the 𝑥 − direction 𝑢𝑥 = 6
Differentiate 𝑥 = 6𝑡 w.r.t. Acceleration the 𝑥 − direction
𝑑𝑥 1
⇒ = 𝑢𝑥 = 6 𝑚/𝑠 0 = 𝑎 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2
To find initial velocity in 𝑦 − direction We need to find magnitude of initial velocity
Differentiate 𝑦 = 8𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑢 = √𝑢𝑥2 + 𝑢𝑦2 = √82 + 62 = 10 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑣𝑦 = 8 − 10𝑡
𝑑𝑡 Q3. I. Distance traveled = 50 + 40 + 20 = 110 𝑚
For initial velocity put 𝑡 = 0 because this is 40 m
B C
when the particle started moving.
⇒ 𝑢𝑦 = 8 − 0 = 8 𝑚/𝑠 N
20 m
Magnitude of initial velocity W E 50 m 40 m
𝑢 = √𝑢𝑥2 + 𝑢𝑦2 = √62 + 82 = 10 𝑚/𝑠 D
S
Alternate Solution
30 m
Vertical displacement of the particle,
𝑦 = 8𝑡 − 5𝑡 2
E
Compare the above expression with the equation A
1 AInitial point
of motion 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2 (starting point)
P4.1
P4 – Solutions 6
II. Let 𝐹 be the point of intersection of the line some time and then will increase in the opposite
𝐴𝐵 and the line perpendicular to it such that direction.
line perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵 pass through 𝐷, Now,
So, 𝐴𝐹 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐹 𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = = 4 − 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
= 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐷𝐶 = 50 − 20 = 30 𝑚 𝑥 𝑡
⇒ ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 (4 − 2𝑡)𝑑𝑡
So displacement of the man from house to
the field is, 𝑥 = 4𝑡 − 𝑡 2
Similarly,
𝐴𝐷 = √𝐴𝐹 2 + 𝐷𝐹 2 = √302 + 402 = 50 𝑚 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑣𝑦 = 2 − 𝑡 ⇒ ∫0 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 (2 − 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
Q4. D 𝑡2
Here 𝑣⃗ = 𝑢 ⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗𝑡 = (3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂) + (0.4𝑖̂ + 0.3 𝑗̂)10 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑡 − ⇒ 𝑆⃗ = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦̂
2
2
= 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂) + (4𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂)
( 𝑡
𝑆⃗ = (4𝑡 − 𝑡 2 )𝑖̂ + (2𝑡 − 2 ) 𝑗̂
𝑣⃗ = 7𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂
This means that particle will follow a curved
⇒ |𝑣⃗| = √72 + 72 = 7√2 units
path such that it will move towards certain point
where its velocity will become zero and then
LEVEL 2
starts moving in the opposite direction towards
Q5. C its original position.
𝑥
𝑦 = 2 implies that particle is moving in a straight Therefore C is the correct option.
line passing through origin. Q6. A
Given that velocity varies linearly with time as, Given that
𝑣𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= =𝑐
At 𝑡 = 0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
Initial speed of the particle, 𝑢𝑥 = 4 − 0 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 ⇒ = =0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2
To find acceleration we will differentiate 𝑣𝑥 w.r.t. ⇒ 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 = 0
time. Further 𝑧 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑦 2
𝑑𝑣𝑥
⇒ 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
= 0 − 2 = −2 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑑𝑧
⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 3𝑎𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Also, 𝐵𝐸 2 + 𝐴𝐸 2 = 𝑙 2 𝑣𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦
= 24 sin 6𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒𝑦 2 + ( 2) = 𝑙 2 ⇒ 2𝑦 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) + 2 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) = 0 𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 = 24 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Speed of the particle is constant. Hence, the
⇒ (− 𝑑𝑡 ) = 2 (2𝑦) 𝑑𝑡
distance traversed by the particle in 4 𝑠 is
𝑥 = 2𝑦, when the rhombus is a square.
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑠 = 𝑣 𝑡 = (24 × 4)𝑚 ⇒ 𝑠 = 96 𝑚
⇒ − 𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑣
Q10. B
Hence, 𝑣𝐵 = 2 𝑣𝑐 = 2 (Downward direction Given, 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 & 𝑦 = 4𝑡 + 8𝑡 2
indicated by the negative sign) From these two equations we can write 𝑦 =
Q8. D 2𝑥 − 4
Given that particle has constant acceleration Motion of the particle is along a straight line 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 4
only in the y-direction. We need to find i.e. 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑡
Further 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑗̂ = 8𝑖̂ + 16𝑗̂
velocity component in the x-direction. 𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑎 =acceleration is constant
⇒ =𝛼⇒ =0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2 Hence, the motion is a uniformly accelerated one.
Also given that particle moves in the path as,
𝑦 = 𝛽𝑥 2 Q11. A
𝑑𝑥
Differentiate the above equation w.r.t. 𝑡 𝑥 = 2𝑡 ⇒ 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
=2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
⇒
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝛽𝑥 ( )
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 2𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑣𝑦 = = 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑣𝑦 4𝑡
Again differentiate the above equation w.r.t 𝑡 ⇒ tan 𝜃 = 𝑣 = = 2𝑡
𝑥 2
using Product Rule.
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 Differentiating with respect to time we get,
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣) + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 (𝑢) 𝑑𝜃
(sec 2 𝜃) 𝑑𝑡 = 2
𝑑𝑥
Here, 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑣 = 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑡 (1 + tan2 𝜃) 𝑑𝑡 = 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
⇒ = 2𝛽 [𝑥 𝑑𝑡 2 + ( 𝑑𝑡 ) ] (1 + 4𝑡 2 )
𝑑𝜃
=2
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
𝛼 𝑑𝜃 2
𝛼 = 2𝛽 (0 + 𝑣𝑥 )2 ⇒ 𝑣𝑥 = √2𝛽 𝑑𝑡
= 1+4𝑡 2
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 2 2
𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2 𝑠 is, 𝑑𝑡 = 1+4(2)2 = 17 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Q9. A 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = = 24 cos 6𝑡
𝑑𝑡
P4.2
P4 – Solutions 8
IN CLASS EXERCISE
⇒ 𝛼 = tan −1 2
( 3) = 10√13 𝑚𝑠 −1
√
Q5. Let ℎ be the height of the pole and 𝑢 be the
LEVEL 2 velocity at which ball is projected.
Q3. Given, 𝑣 = 30 𝑚𝑠 −1
By finding out horizontal and vertical velocities
separately by equating them, we can find out the
required time. Also remember horizontal
velocity remains same and vertical velocity
keeps changing during motion.
So, horizontal velocity 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 = 30 𝑚𝑠 −1 (i) Let at time 𝑡 = 𝑡1 the ball touches top of the pole.
1
Vertical velocity 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 = 0 − 10𝑡 = ⇒ ℎ = (𝑢 sin 𝛼 )𝑡1 − 𝑔𝑡12 2
−10𝑡 (ii) At 𝑡 = 𝑡1 , final velocity in 𝑦 – direction will be
Comparing equations. (i) & (ii), 10𝑡 = 30 ⇒ 𝑡 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢 sin 𝛼 − 𝑔𝑡1
=3𝑠 & 𝑎 = (𝑢 cos 𝛼 )𝑡1
𝑎
Q4. Given 𝑣 = 20 𝑚𝑠 −1 , 𝜃 = 300 , 𝐻 = 45 𝑚 ⇒ 𝑡1 =
𝑢 cos 𝛼
I. As the ball has been projected at an angle of 𝑎 1 𝑎 2
⇒ ℎ = (𝑢 sin 𝛼 ) 𝑢 cos 𝛼 − 2 𝑔 (𝑢 cos 𝛼 )
300 above horizontal, so first of all we need
P4 – Solutions 9
1 𝑎 2 ℎ 𝑏
⇒ 𝑎 tan 𝛼 − 2 𝑔 (𝑢 cos 𝛼 ) = tan 𝜃 [𝑎+𝑏]
𝑎
ℎ ℎ
Also, ⇒ tan 𝜃 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
(𝑢 cos 𝛼)2𝑢 sin 𝛼
𝑎+𝑏 = ⇒ tan 𝜃 = tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
𝑔
Hence, proved.
𝑔(𝑎+𝑏)
𝑢 = √2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
Q7. I. Given 𝑢 = 60√2 𝑚𝑠 −1 , 𝜃 = 450 .
So from above two equations we get, We know that the horizontal component of
1 𝑎2
ℎ = 𝑎 tan 𝛼 − 2 𝑔 𝑔(𝑎+𝑏) velocity remains same during projectile and
( )cos2 𝛼
2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
2
only vertical component changes (see
𝑎
ℎ = 𝑎 tan 𝛼 − 𝑎+𝑏 figure). So we need to find the vertical
( ) cos 𝛼
sin 𝛼
component of velocity after 3 𝑠. Hence, we
Put 𝛼 = 450
will have both 𝑣𝑥 & 𝑣𝑦 . We can use 𝑣 =
𝑎2
ℎ = 𝑎 − 𝑎+𝑏
√𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 to find out the velocity after 3 𝑠.
𝑎𝑏 1
ℎ = 𝑎+𝑏 So, 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑢 cos 450 = 60√2 × = 60 𝑚𝑠 −1
√2
1
Q6. Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶 be the triangle with base 𝐵𝐶. If 𝐴𝑀 is 𝑢𝑦 = 𝑢 sin 450 = 60√2 × = 60 𝑚𝑠 −1
√2
the perpendicular drawn on base 𝐵𝐶 from The value of the vertical component of
ℎ ℎ
vertex 𝐴, then tan 𝛼 = and tan 𝛽 = , where velocity after 30 𝑠 is
𝑎 𝑏
𝐵𝑀 = 𝑎 and 𝐶𝑀 = 𝑏 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
A 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 = 60 − 10 × 3 = 30 𝑚𝑠 −1
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 = 60 𝑚𝑠 −1
h ⇒ 𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 = √602 + 302 = 30√22 + 1
M = 30√5 𝑚𝑠 −1
a b II. The angle made by the direction of
We know Fig.
that,5.53 movement of a projectile or its velocity with
𝑢𝑦 = 𝑢 sin 𝜃
horizontal at any time during journey is
𝑥 = (𝑢 cos 𝜃 )𝑡 given by
2𝑢 sin 𝜃 𝑣𝑦 30
𝑡= tan 𝜃 = ⇒ tan 𝜃 =
𝑔 𝑣𝑥 60
𝑢 2 sin 2𝜃 1
Range, 𝑅 = ⇒ 𝜃 = tan −1
(2)
𝑔
Equation of trajectory of the projectile can be III. As the horizontal component of velocity
obtained from remains constant, so to calculate the
1
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 horizontal distance covered, we can use the
By eliminating 𝑡 following equation:
𝑥 1 𝑥 2 Distance = Speed × Time
⇒ 𝑦 = (𝑢 sin 𝜃 ) (𝑢 cos 𝜃 ) − 2 𝑔 (𝑢 cos 𝜃 ) ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡
𝑥2 𝑥 2 sin 𝜃 But vertical component keeps on changing
= 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑢2 cos2 𝜃
= 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑢2 cos2 𝜃
( ) sin 𝜃( ) side by side as gravity keeps on acting in the
𝑔 𝑔
2
𝑥 sin 𝜃
= 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − downward direction. So we have to use the
2𝑢2 sin 𝜃cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃( ) 1
𝑔 relation 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2
2 tan 𝜃
= 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 𝑥 So 𝑥 = 60 × 3 = 180 𝑚
𝑅
𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 (1 − 𝑅) (i) and 𝑦 = 60 × 3 − 2 × 10 × (3)2
Since 𝐴(𝑎, ℎ) lies on the trajectory of the 𝑦 = 180 − 45 = 135 𝑚
projectile, therefore it should satisfy eq. (i) Hence, horizontal displacement = 180 𝑚
𝑎 and vertical displacement = 135 𝑚
⇒ ℎ = 𝑎 tan 𝜃 (1 − 𝑎+𝑏)[Since range, 𝑅 = 𝑎 + 𝑏]
P4.2
P4 – Solutions 10
Q10. Let 𝑡 be the time after which the stone hits the (The right hand side is written 𝑔𝑡 − 𝑢 sin 𝜃
object and 𝜃 be the angle which the velocity because the stone is in it’s downwards motion.
vector 𝑢⃗⃗ makes with horizontal. According to Therefore, 𝑔𝑡 > 𝑢 sin 𝜃 . In upward motion,
questions, we have following three conditions: sin 𝜃 > 𝑔𝑡 )
Vertical displacement of stone is 1.25 𝑚 Multiplying equation (iii) with 𝑡 we can write
1 (𝑢 cos 𝜃 )𝑡 + (𝑢 sin 𝜃 )𝑡 = 10 𝑡 2 (iv)
1.25 = (𝑢 sin 𝜃)𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2 Now equation (i),(ii)and (iv) gives
Where 𝑔 = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2 4.25 𝑡 2 − 4.25 = 0
(𝑢 sin 𝜃 )𝑡 = 1.25 + 5𝑡 2 (i) ⇒𝑡 = 1𝑠
Horizontal displacement of stone = 3 + Substituting 𝑡 = 1𝑠 𝑖𝑛 equations (i) and (ii), we
Displacement of object 𝐴 get
1
⇒ (𝑢 cos 𝜃 )𝑡 = 3 + 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑢 sin 𝜃 = 6.25 𝑚/𝑠
2
Where, 𝑎 = 1.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 ⇒ 𝑢𝑦 = 6.25 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ (𝑢 cos 𝜃 )𝑡 = 3 + 0.75 𝑡 2 (ii) And 𝑢 cos 𝜃 = 3.75 𝑚/𝑠
Horizontal component of velocity (of stone) = ⇒ 𝑢𝑥 = 3.75 𝑚/𝑠
vertical component (because velocity vector in 𝑢
⃗⃗ = 𝑢𝑥 𝑖̂ + 𝑢𝑦 𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
inclined at 45° with horizontal) ⃗⃗ = (3.75𝑖̂ + 6.25 𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠
𝑢
⇒ (𝑢 cos 𝜃 ) = 𝑔𝑡 − (𝑢 sin 𝜃 ) (iii)
HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 3
𝑥 = (15 sin 37°)𝑖̂ × (1 𝑠) = 15 ( ) 𝑖̂ = 9𝑖̂ 𝑚
5
Q1. Maximum horizontal distance = Maximum 𝑦-coordinate:
possible range for projectile. 1
𝑦 = (15 cos 37°)𝑗̂ × 1 + (−𝑔 𝑗̂)(1)2
Let 𝑔′ be the acceleration due to gravity of the 2
4 10
stage planet. = 15 (5) 𝑗̂ − 𝑗̂ = (12 − 5)𝑗̂ = 7𝑗̂ 𝑚
2
𝑢 = 5 𝑚/𝑠 Therefore, after 1 𝑠, the particle will be at,
𝑅 = 25 𝑚 (𝜃 = 45°, for 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) 𝑟⃗ = (9𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂) 𝑚
𝑢 2 sin 2𝜃
Also, 𝑅 = II. Velocity along 𝑥 − axis
𝑔′
𝑢2 52
𝑣𝑥 = (15 sin 37°)𝑖̂ = 9𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠
𝑔′
= 25 𝑔′
= 25 Since, there is no acceleration along this
52 direction therefore, the velocity remains the
𝑔′
= 25
same.
⇒ 𝑔′ = 1 𝑚/𝑠 2
Velocity along 𝑦 − axis:
Q2. I. If the point of projection is considered as 𝑣𝑦 = (15 cos 37°)𝑗̂ + (−𝑔 𝑗̂) × (1 𝑠)
origin, then we can assign axis as shown. 𝑣𝑦 = (12 − 10)𝑗̂ = 12𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ Velocity of the particle
= 9𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
III. At every point on the trajectory, we have a
fixed horizontal velocity = 𝑣𝑥 and variable
velocity
= 𝑣𝑦 . So, net velocity at every point is
obtained by:
√𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
Position of ball after, 𝑡 = 1 𝑠 is given by: Speed will be minimum when 𝑣𝑦 = 0
𝑥-coordinate: i.e. at highest point of the trajectory.
P4.2
P4 – Solutions 12
𝑢𝑦 = 0 According to given:
𝑢 2 sin 2𝜃 𝑢 2 sin 2𝜃 3
𝛼𝑦 = −𝑔 =3× = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 2 sin2 𝜃
𝑔 𝑔
1 2ℎ 4
⇒ −ℎ = − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑡 = √( 𝑔 ) = tan 𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 53°
3
For 𝑐2
LEVEL 2
𝑠=ℎ
𝑢𝑦 = 0 Q6. Both the projectiles have identical vertical motions,
𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔 So the distance between them will be equal to the
1 2ℎ
sum of their horizontal displacements.
⇒ −ℎ = − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑡 = √( 𝑔 )
Hence, both 𝑐1 & 𝑐2 have identical vertical
motions.
⇒ Horizontal displacement of
𝑐2 = (100 𝑐𝑚/𝑠) × (4𝑠) = 400 𝑐𝑚
Q4. I. Considering motion along vertical:
𝑢𝑦 = 0 (Book just slides off horizontally) Required distance = (𝑣 cos 𝜃)𝑡 + (𝑣 cos 𝜃)𝑡
𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠 = 2(𝑣 cos 𝜃)𝑡
P4 – Solutions 13
Q7. It is a case of projectile fired horizontally from a Q9. Let the missile is fired with a velocity 𝑣
height. Height of the cliff, ℎ = 20 𝑚
ℎ = 100 𝑚, 𝑔 = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2 2ℎ
Time taken by the missile to hit the tank = √ 𝑔
I. Time taken to reach the ground 𝑡 = √2ℎ/𝑔
20
=√
2×100
= 2√5 𝑠 = √2 × 10 = 2 𝑠
10
Time taken by sound to reach the point of firing,
II. Horizontal range 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 = 20 × 2√5 =
𝑡 = 3−2= 1𝑠
40√5 𝑚
20m/s
100m
A
vx
vr In the above figure, 𝐹 is point of projection of the
vy
missile, 𝑊 is the point where the missile will the
III. Horizontal velocity remain constant through
tank and 𝑊 is the bottom most point of the cliff.
out the motion.
Now, the distance traveled by the sound
At 𝐴, 𝑣𝑥 = 20 𝑚/𝑠 and
𝐹𝑊 = 343 × 1 = 343 𝑚
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑎𝑡 = 0 − 10 × 2√5
Using Pythagoras theorem:
= −20√5 𝑚/𝑠 (𝐹𝑊 )2 = (𝐹𝐻)2 + (𝐻𝑊 )2
Resultant velocity 3432 = 202 + (𝐻𝑊 )2 (i)
𝐻𝑊 = horizontal displacement of the missile
𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 = √202 + (−20√5)2
= 2𝑣
= 20√6 𝑚/𝑠 Using in (i), we get
Let this velocity makes an angle 𝛽 3432 = 202 + 4𝑣 2
𝑣
⇒ tan 𝛽 = 𝑣𝑦 =
20√5
= √5 ⇒ 4𝑣 2 = 3432 − 202
𝑥 20
⇒ 𝑣 ≈ 171 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ 𝛽 = tan−1 (√5)
The ball strike the ground with a velocity Q10. Using equation of trajectory:
20√6 𝑚/𝑠 at an angle tan−1 (√5) with
horizontal.
Q8. For landing at the same point, a projectile can
have two trajectories (two different angle of
projection).
The two angle of projections in such case are
complementary, i.e.
𝜃1 + 𝜃2 = 90 1
𝑔𝑥 2
75° + 𝜃2 = 90° 𝑦 = (tan 𝜃)𝑥 − 𝑢22cos2 𝜃
𝜃2 = 15° In this particular case, 𝜃 = 0°
Time of flight, 𝑇1 (𝜃1 = 75°) 1 𝑔𝑥 2 1 (1.75)2
⇒ 𝑦 = − 2 (𝑢2) ⇒ −9 = − 2 𝑔
2𝑢 sin 𝜃1 2×25 𝑣02
𝑇1 = = sin 75∘ = 4.829 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑔 10 1
9 × 𝑣02 = 2 × 9.8(1.75)2
Time of flight, 𝑇2 (𝜃2 = 15°)
(1.75)2
𝑇2 =
2𝑢 sin 𝜃2
=
2×25
sin 15∘ = 1.294 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣02 = (4.9)
𝑔 10 9
1.75
⇒ Projectile 2 should be thrown after a time 𝑣0 = √4.9 = 1.29 𝑚/𝑠
3
= 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 = 4.829 − 1.294 = 3.535 s
P4.2
P4 – Solutions 14
𝑢 2 sin2 𝜃 ⇒ 𝑥 = (𝑣𝑥 )𝑡
Q11. I. Maximum height above the roof = 2𝑔
With 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
(30)2 (sin 37°)2
= Hence, 𝑢 − 𝑡 graph is a straight line
2×10
=
30×30×3
×5×2=
3 1 81
= 16.2 𝑚 passing through the origin.
5 5
B) 𝑦 − 𝑡 graph
II. When the ball strikes the floor it has a
Displacement along 𝑌-axis= 𝑦
horizontal component of velocity (=
Initial velocity,𝑣0 = +(30 sin 37°)𝑚𝑗̂
30 cos 37°) and a vertical component of
30 × 3
velocity (= 𝑣𝑦 ) = 𝑗̂ = (18 𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠
5
To obtain 𝑣𝑦 : 𝑎 = (−10𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠 2
30×3
𝑣0 = 30 sin 37° (𝑗̂) = (𝑗̂) 1
5 𝑦 = (18𝑗̂)𝑡 + (−10𝑗̂)𝑡 2
= (18 𝑗̂) 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑦 = (18𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 )𝑗̂
𝑣𝑓 = −𝑣𝑦 (𝑗̂)
= 𝑡(18 − 5𝑡)
𝑎 = −𝑔(𝑗̂) = −(10𝑗̂) 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑆 = (−15𝑗̂)𝑥 (⇒ Displacement is in
downward direction)
𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣02 = 2𝑎 𝑠
2 Equation of 𝑦 is a quadratic in 𝑡 with
(−𝑣𝑦 ) − 324 = 300
roots at 𝑡 = 0
𝑚 16
𝑣𝑦 = √624 ≈ 25 𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑡 = 𝑠
𝑠 5
III. Horizontal Range = (30 cos 37°) × 𝑡 ⟹ 𝑦 = 0 at 𝑡 = 0
To obtain ‘𝑡’, use vertical motion: 18
and 𝑡 = 𝑠 = 3.6 𝑠
5
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 18
⟹𝑡 = 𝑠 would be the time when the
𝜇 = (30 sin 37 °)𝑗̂ = 18 𝑗̂ 5
u
D) 𝑣𝑦 − 𝑡 graph LEVEL 3
30×3𝑗̂ 𝑚
𝑣0 = +30 sin 37° 𝑗̂ = + = (+18 𝑠 )𝑗̂ Q14. I. This is a situation where time has no role
5
𝑚 𝑚 and equation of trajectory would be used.
𝑎 = −10 𝑠 2 𝑗̂ = (−10 𝑠 2) 𝑗̂
Using:
𝑣 = 18 − 10𝑡 1 𝑔𝑥 2
𝑦 = (tan 𝜃)𝑥 − 2 (𝜇2 cos2 𝜃)
Q12. I. The coin has to travel 3 𝑚 in the horizontal
1 (10)(36)2
direction according to the figure shown. = (tan 53°)(36) − × (20)2
2 (cos 53°)2
= 48 − 45
𝑦=3𝑚
⟹ the ball just clears the crossbar.
II. To determine whether the ball is rising or
falling at the instant.
⇒ Time taken the coin to travel this distance,
Method 1: Calculate half the time of flight. If
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 ⇒ 3 = 6 cos 60° 𝑡 ⇒ 𝑡 = 1 𝑠
time at which the ball is at given position is
Height of the coin from the point of release,
1 greater than that, it is falling else rising.
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 Method 2: If at time (t), 𝑣𝑦 (vertical
1
𝑦 = (6 sin 60°) × 1 − 2 × 10 × 12 component of velocity) < 0
= (3√3 − 5) 𝑚 ⟹ ball is falling.
II. We already know that the coin reaches the Using Method 1:
2𝑢 sin 𝜃
dish in 1 𝑠 , so we need to find the vertical 𝑡= (Time of flight)
𝑔
component of velocity of the coin after 𝑡 = 1 𝑠. =
2×20×4
= 3.2 𝑠
5×10
⇒ 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 = 6 sin 60° − 10 × 1
Half time = 1.6 𝑠
= (3√3 − 10) 𝑚/𝑠 𝑥
Time taken to reach (36,3) = 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
Q13. During the motion of bomb its horizontal 36
= 20 cos 53°
velocity 𝑢 remains constant and is same as that 36×5
of airplane at every point of its path. Suppose the = 20×3 = 3 𝑠
bomb explode i.e. reach the ground in time 𝑡. ⟹ This point is on trajectory when ball is
Distance traveled in horizontal direction by falling.
bomb = 𝑢𝑡 = the distance traveled by Method 2:
aeroplane. So bomb explode vertically below the 𝑡= 3𝑠
aeroplane. 𝑣𝑦 = (20 sin 53°) − 𝑔(3)
Suppose the airplane moves by making an angle 20×4
= − 30
5
𝜃 with horizontal. For both bomb and airplane,
= −14 𝑚/𝑠
horizontal distance is 𝑢 cos 𝜃𝑡 , where 𝑡 is time
⇒ the ball would be falling
for the bomb to reach the ground.
P4.2
P4 – Solutions 16
6𝐷 𝑔
𝑥 2 sec 2 𝜃
= √𝐷 = 3√𝑔𝐷 ⇒ 𝑌 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 𝑔
2 2𝑢2
For maximum velocity, trajectory should be (because 𝑔 = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1000 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 )
1000×402 ×1
along 𝐴𝐶 ⇒ −20 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑢 2
Using equation of trajectory: ⇒ 𝑢 = 200 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 = 2 𝑚/𝑠.
1 𝑔(7𝐷)2
2𝐷 = 7𝐷 − 2 1 ⇒ The minimum horizontal velocity is 2 𝑚/𝑠.
(𝑣02 × )
𝑥
3
𝑔(7𝐷)2 Q18. 𝜃 = 530 , so cos 530 = 5
= 5𝐷
𝑣02 25
sec 2 𝜃 =
𝑔 𝑔𝐷 9
⟹ 𝑣0 = 7𝐷√ = (7√ 5 ) 4
5𝐷 and tan 𝜃 = 3
⟹ Range of velocity 3√𝑔𝐷 ≤ 𝑣0 ≤ 7√ 5
𝑔𝐷 Suppose the ball lands on the 𝑛th bench
So, 𝑦 = (𝑛 − 1) (1)
Q16. For the equipment to land on the ship, both, the [ball starting point 1 𝑚 above ground]
ship as will the equipment should be at the same 𝑔𝑥 2 sec2 𝜃
Again 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑢 2
location at the same time
[𝑥 = 110 + 𝑛 − 1 = 110 + 𝑦]
To find: 𝑇𝐴 the ship traverses a distance 𝐴𝐵 by 25
10(110+𝑦)2 ( )
9
the time the equipment does a horizontal ⇒ 𝑦 = (110 + 𝑦)(4/3) − 2×352
displacement of 𝐵𝑇. 440 4 250(110+𝑦)2
⇒ +3𝑦 −
Motion of equipment along vertical: 3 18×352
𝑚 35m/s
𝑣0 = 15 sin 60° (𝑗̂) 𝑠 ≅ 13 𝑚/𝑠
𝑆 = −8.75 (𝑗̂)𝑚
𝑎 = −10 (𝑗̂)𝑚/𝑠 2
1
Using: 𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 Solving the equation, 𝑦 can be calculated.
−8.75 = 13𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 𝑦=5
⟹ 𝑡 = 15.77 𝑠 (this value of 𝑡 < 0) ⇒𝑛−1= 5
⟹ Time taken by equipment to cover 8.75 𝑚 ⇒𝑛=6
vertically The ball will drop in sixth bench.
= 15.77 𝑠
P4 – Solutions 17
IN CLASS EXERCISE
LEVEL 1 ⇒ 𝑎⃗𝐵𝐴 = (4𝑗̂ − 2𝑖̂) 𝑚/𝑠 2
Q1. This is a one dimensional motion since it is only
along the East-West direction. So, let us choose the
East direction as positive & the West as negative.
Now, given that
𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑆 = Velocity of Seeta = 1𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠
and 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐺 = velocity of Geeta = −2𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 |𝑎⃗𝐵𝐴 | = √(4)2 + (2)2 = 2√5 𝑚/𝑠 2
Thus, 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝐺 = velocity of Seeta with respect to 4
Geeta and 𝛼 = tan−1 (−2) = tan−1 (−2)
𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝐺 = 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑆 − 𝑣 𝐺 = 1𝑖̂ − (−2)𝑖̂ = 3𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ Thus, 𝑎⃗𝐵𝐴 is 2√5 𝑚/𝑠 2 at an angle of 𝛼 =
Hence, velocity of Seeta with respect to Geeta is tan−1 (−2) North of West.
3𝑚/𝑠 due East.
LEVEL 2
Q2. This is a two dimensional motion.
N Q3. Given: 𝑢𝐴 = 0, 𝑢𝐵 = 1 𝑚⁄𝑠,
𝑎𝐴 = 4 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 and 𝑎𝐵 = 0
W E Assuming Car B to be at rest, we have
𝑢𝐴𝐵 = 𝑢𝐴 − 𝑢𝐵 = 0 − 1 = −1 𝑚⁄𝑠
S 𝑎𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎𝐴 − 𝑎𝐵 = 4 − 0 = 4 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
Fig. 3.24
Let North and East directions be positive 𝑦 − Now, the problem can be assumed in simplified
axis and 𝑥 − axis respectively. form as follows:
Therefore,
𝑎⃗𝐵𝐴 = acceleration of car 𝐵 with respect to car A
= 𝑎⃗𝐵 − 𝑎⃗𝐴
Here, 𝑎⃗𝐵 = acceleration of car 𝐵 = 4𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠 2
And 𝑎⃗𝐴 = acceleration of car 𝐴 = 2𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 2
P4.3
P4 – Solutions 18
The reason we do this is it is much easier to Q5. Let 𝑣 be the speed of man in still water
analyze motion when one car is at rest, which B
P4.3
P4 – Solutions 20
B
AB=10km And the desired time is
Fig. 3.31
𝐵𝐶 5√2
𝑡 = |𝑣⃗⃗ = 20 (𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 = 5√2 𝑘𝑚)
𝐵𝐴| √2
1
= 4 ℎ = 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Fig. 3.29
HOMEWORK
1
LEVEL 1 = 5𝑖̂ + 2 (−2𝑖̂) × 102
Q1. Initial velocity of A, 𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴 = 15𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 = (5 − 100)𝑖̂ = −95𝑖̂ 𝑚
Initial velocity of B, 𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵 = 10𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 ⇒ After time 𝑡 = 10 separation between will be
Initial velocity of A w.r.t B, 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴−𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵 95 𝑚
= 15𝑖̂ − 10𝑖̂ = 5𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 Q2. B
𝑎𝐴 = 𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 2
Acceleration of A, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 10 m/s
2 B C
Acceleration of B, 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵 = 3𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 Q
P4.3
P4 – Solutions 22
So, the time required by police to cover 200 𝑚 Acceleration of stone relative to person,
gap between itself and culprit, 𝑎⃗𝑆𝑃 = 𝑎⃗𝑆 − 𝑎⃗𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
|𝑆 200 = 𝑎𝑖̂ − 𝑔𝑗̂ − 𝑎𝑖̂ = −𝑔𝑗̂
𝑡 = |𝑉⃗⃗ 𝐶 | = = 40 𝑠
5
𝐶𝑃 So relative to person the acceleration stone is
In 40 𝑠 the police jeep will move from 𝐴 to a only in the downward direction which is
distance, acceleration due to gravity. There is no
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑠𝑃 = |𝑉 𝑃 |40 = 25 × 40 = 1000 𝑚 = 1.0 𝑘𝑚 component in horizontal direction. So the path of
⇒ The jeep will catch up with the bike, 1 𝑘𝑚 far the stone observed by the person is a straight
from the turning line.
Q6. A Q8. A
While running, the man will see rain drops The horizontal and vertical components of initial
falling towards his face at some angle with velocity of the projectile are as shown in figure.
vertical. So in order to avoid rain drops from
falling on his face he will run with such a velocity
so that rain drops do not fall below the extended A A
part of his hat.
Assuming rightward horizontal direction to be g g
positive 𝑥 − axis and upward vertical direction
to be positive 𝑦 − axis. Velocity of A and B given Velocity of A given
from frame of ground frame of B
Given that,
Velocity of rain w.r.t. ground, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉𝑅 = −10𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠 It is given that the observer is moving with
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ uniform velocity 𝑣 sees the projectile moving in
Let, velocity of man be 𝑉 𝑀 = −𝑣𝑖̂
a straight line.
Now, let the rain drops fall on the extended part
This is possible only if the horizontal component
of hat at an angle 𝜃 with the extended part.
of velocity of the projectile is same as the velocity
Extended length of the hat is 12 cm
of the observer as shown in the figure.
along 𝑥 − axis and length of
16 cm
⇒ 𝑣𝑟 = 𝑢
A
Let the swimmer goes from the point A to B in Q12. For the driver to observe the hailstones rebound
10 𝑠. vertically upward after the collision with the
⇒ 10 = 𝑣
𝑑 windshield, hailstones should fall at an angle 30°
with the normal of the windshield, as shown in
⇒ 𝑑 = 10 𝑉 (1)
the figure. This is same as the laws of reflection
Let the swimmer goes from the point B to C in
i.e. angle of incidence is equal to angle of
15 𝑠
𝑑 reflection.
15 =
𝑣 cos 𝜃
⇒ 𝑑 = 15 𝑣 cos 𝜃 (2) V sin 30°
From equations (1) and (2) 30°
2 3 30°
⇒ cos 𝜃 = 3 ⇒ sec 𝜃 = 2
30°
𝑢 9 √5 30°
∵ 𝑣 = √4 − 1 = V cos 30°
2
𝑣 2
⇒𝑢=
√5
30°
LEVEL 3
Q11. I. Solving with respect to river,
Now, given that velocity of hailstones before
B collision w.r.t ground, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣ℎ𝑔 = −10𝑗̂ 𝑚/𝑠
Now, Let velocity of hailstones w.r.t to car be 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ℎ𝑐
and velocity of car w.r.t ground be 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
D u 𝑐𝑔
⇒𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ℎ𝑐 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣ℎ𝑔 − 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑐𝑔
u ⇒ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣ℎ𝑔 = 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ℎ𝑐 + 𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑐𝑔
A Since hailstones are fall vertically down,
⇒ 𝑥 −component of 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ℎ𝑔 is zero.
P4.3
P4 – Solutions 24
Let |𝑣 ℎ𝑐 | = 𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ at
⇒ 𝑥 − component of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣𝑐𝑔 = −(𝑉 cos 30°)
V Velocity of rain
⇒ |𝑣⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
𝑐𝑔 = 𝑉 cos 30° (i)
w.r.t. boy
Now, 𝑦 − component of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣ℎ𝑐 = 𝑉 sin 30° = 10 as
given in the problem that after collision
hailstones rebound vertically upward with the
same magnitude.
⇒ 𝑉 = 10 × 2 = 20 𝑚/𝑠 Boy should hold his umbrella at an angle 𝜃 from
Now, |𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
𝑐𝑔 = 20 cos 30° the vertical
√3 𝑎𝑡
= 20 × = 10√3 𝑚/𝑠 ⇒ tan 𝜃 =
2 𝑣
𝑑𝜃 𝑎
⇒𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑐𝑔 = 10√3𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 Differentiating w.r.t 𝑡, sec 2 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑣
𝑑𝜃 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Q13. At any time 𝑡, rain will appear to the boy as ⇒ = 𝑣 sec2 𝜃 = 𝑣[1+tan2 𝜃] = 𝑎2 𝑡2
𝑑𝑡 𝑣[1+ 2 ]
shown in picture. 𝑣
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑣 2 1 𝑑𝜃 1
tan 𝜃 = = 𝑣 2+𝑎2𝑡 2 = 2 × 4+4𝑡 2 = 1+𝑡 2 ⇒ = 1+𝑡 2
𝑣 𝑑𝑡
IN CLASS EXERCISE
LEVEL 1 Since 𝜔 is constant
50 ⇒ Tangential acceleration, 𝑎𝑡 = 0
Q1. Radius, 𝑅 = 𝑐𝑚
𝜋 Magnitude of radial acceleration,
2𝜋 10 𝜋
Angular speed, 𝜔 = = 2𝜋 (100) = 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝜋 2 50
𝑇 5 𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑅 = ( 5 ) ( 𝜋 )
𝜋 50
Linear speed, 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑅 = 5 ( 𝜋 ) 𝑐𝑚 = 10 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 = 2𝜋 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2
The direction of 𝑣 is along the tangent of circle at And it is equal to magnitude of total acceleration.
every point and the direction of acceleration is Since direction of acceleration changes
towards the center of the circle. continuously therefore, it is not constant.
P4 – Solutions 25
P4.4
P4 – Solutions 26
HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 Q5. I. We know that second hand takes one minute
𝑑𝑣 4−2 to complete one revolution i.e. 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑚𝑖𝑛.
Q1. Tangential acceleration, 𝑎𝑡 = = = 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡 4 And in one revolution it covers 2𝜋 radians
𝑎𝑡 0.5
Angular acceleration, 𝛼 = = = 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2 i.e. 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑟 0.5
So average angular speed of the second hand
Q2. Linear speed of particle at 𝑡 = 2 𝑠, 𝑣 = 22 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 (1
𝑟𝑒𝑣
)(2𝜋
𝑟𝑎𝑑
)
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝜋
Magnitude of Radial acceleration, 𝑠 = 30 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑣2 42
𝑎𝑐 = = = 8 𝑚/𝑠 2 II. We know that minute hand takes 1 hour to
𝑟 2
𝑑𝑣 complete 1 revolution i.e. 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣/ℎ.
Magnitude of tangential acceleration, 𝑎𝑡 = = 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
And in 1 revolution it completes 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
at 𝑡 = 2 𝑠
i.e. 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑎𝑡 = 2(2) = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
So average angular speed of the minute hand
Magnitude of total acceleration of particle at 𝑡 = 2 𝑠, 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑟𝑎𝑑
(1 )(2𝜋 ) 𝜋
ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑎 = √𝑎𝑡2 + 𝑎𝑐2 = √82 + 42 = 4√5 𝑚/𝑠 2 =
3600
𝑠 = 1800 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
ℎ
Q3. Her, our concern is what is happening with the III. We know that hour hand takes 12 hours
1
flywheel in the context of circular motion. So we to complete 1 revolution i.e. 12 𝑟𝑒𝑣/ℎ
are given that angular displacement of the
And in 1 revolution it completes 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
flywheel varies with time as 𝜙 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑏𝑡 3 − 𝑐𝑡 4 ,
i.e. 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑟𝑒𝑣
I. Now we need to find an expression for angular So average angular speed of the hour hand
velocity by differentiating 𝜙 w.r.t. time. 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑟𝑎𝑑
( )(2𝜋 ) 𝜋
𝑑∅ 12 ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑣
⇒ 𝜔 = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑡 2 − 4𝑐𝑡 3 = 𝑠 = 21600 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
3600
ℎ
II. To write an expression for angular
Q6. Number of revolutions = 2.5
acceleration differentiate 𝜔 w.r.t. time.
𝑑𝜔 Distance of platform from the water surface, ℎ =
𝛼= = 6𝑏𝑡 − 12𝑐𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 10 𝑚
Q4. I. The radius is 𝑅 = (2.3 × 104 𝑙𝑦) Time taken by the diver to reach the water
108 𝑚 surface from the platform i.e. to make the fall,
= 2.3 × 104 𝑙𝑦 × (3.0 × 𝑠 )
𝑡 = √2ℎ/𝑔 = √2(10 𝑚)/(10 𝑚/𝑠 2 ) = √2 𝑠
= 6.9 × 1012 𝑚𝑦/𝑠
2𝜋𝑅 The average angular velocity,
The time to make one revolution is 𝑡 = 𝑣 total revolutions
𝑦 𝜔=
2𝜋×6.9×1012 𝑚 total time taken
= 𝑚
𝑠
= 1.7 × 108 𝑦 (2.5)(2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑)
250×103 𝜔=
𝑠
√2𝑠
4.5×109 𝑦 5
II. The Sun has made = 26 revolutions. = 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
1.7×108 𝑦 √2
P4 – Solutions 27
Q7. Distance to be covered by the bar, 𝑑 = 1.50 𝑐𝑚 Q10. We have been given angular speed vs time graph
Number of turns on the rod per unit length in the problem. Using this graph we need to
= 12 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑐𝑚 compute the number of revolutions made by the
Number to turns to be taken by the bar to cover jet engine for the entire motion. As we already
1.50 𝑐𝑚 distance= (1.50 𝑐𝑚)(12.0 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑐𝑚) know area of angular speed-time graph gives the
= 18 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠 angular displacement. So in order to calculate
Each turn is equivalent to one revolution. angular displacement i.e. number of revolutions,
Therefore there will be 18 revolutions in total. we will find area under the given curve.
Given that bar spin i.e. angular speed ⇒ Numer of revolutions = area of the
= 20 𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑚𝑖𝑛 quadrilateral shown in the figure.
So, the time required to cover 18 revolutions, ⇒ Numer of revolutions
total revolutions 18 𝑟𝑒𝑣 1
𝑡= = 20 𝑟𝑒𝑣 = 54 𝑠 = 2 (5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 2.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛)(3000 𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑚𝑖𝑛)
angular speed
60 𝑠
= 1.125 × 104 𝑟𝑒𝑣
Q8. Given that angular acceleration of the pulley,
𝛼 = 0.1 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2 Q11. I. Angular speed will remain the same
irrespective of the location of the point on
I. For the cord to unwind completely, the pulley
the surface of the Earth.
has to make certain revolutions so that 5 𝑚 2𝜋
length cord is no more wrapped around it. The angular speed is 𝜔 = 𝑇
So the number of revolutions made by the Time period of earth’s rotation, 𝑇 = 24 ℎ
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜋
pulley = 24×3600 𝑠 = 43200 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
length of the cord 500 𝑐𝑚 125
= = = 𝑟𝑒𝑣 II. The distance of the point on the Earth’s
circumference of pulley 2𝜋×4 𝑐𝑚 2𝜋
Hence, angular displacement of the pulley surface at a latitude of 40𝑜 𝑁 from the polar
125 axis is
= ( 2𝜋 𝑟𝑒𝑣) × 2𝜋 = 125 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑅 = (6.37 × 106 𝑚) cos (40°)
II. Time taken by the pulley to cover the = 4.88 × 106 𝑚
angular displacement of 125 𝑟𝑎𝑑 The linear speed, 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑅
1
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 2 𝛼𝑡 2 𝜋
= (43200 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠) (4.88 × 106 𝑚)
1
125 = 0 + 2 × 0.1 × 𝑡 2 𝑣 = 354.7 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ 𝑡 = √250/0.1 = 50 𝑠 III. The angular speed is the same as part (a).
The distance of the point at equator from the
LEVEL 2 polar axis is
Q9. We are given angular acceleration as a function 𝑅 = (6.37 × 106 𝑚) cos(0°)
of time i.e. 𝛼𝑧 = 4𝑎𝑡 3 − 3𝑏𝑡 2 = 6.37 × 106 𝑚
The linear speed is then
I. In order to write an equation for angular
𝑣 = 𝑅𝜔
velocity we have to integrate 𝛼𝑧 w.r.t. time. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑑𝜔𝑧 𝜔 𝑡 = (43200 ) (6.37 × 106 𝑚) = 463 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ 𝛼𝑧 = ⇒ ∫𝜔 𝑧 𝑑𝜔𝑧 = ∫0 𝛼𝑧 𝑑𝑡 𝑠
𝑑𝑡 0
𝑡
𝜔𝑧 = 𝜔0 + ∫0 (4𝑎𝑡 3 − 3𝑏𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡 Q12. I. Given that angular acceleration of the
= 𝜔0 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑏𝑡 4 3 gyroscope flywheel, 𝛼 = 14 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2
II. Now to write an equation for angular Radius of the gyroscope flywheel,
displacement we have to integrate 𝜔𝑧 w.r.t. time 𝑅 = 3 𝑐𝑚 or 0.03 𝑚
𝑑𝜃𝑧 𝜃 𝑡 Magnitude of tangential acceleration,
⇒ 𝜔𝑧 = ⇒ ∫0 𝑧 𝑑𝜃𝑧 = ∫0 𝜔𝑧 𝑑𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑎𝑡 = 𝛼𝑅 = (14 ) (0.03 𝑚)
4 3) 𝑠2
= ∫0 (𝜔0 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑏𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1 1
= 0.42 𝑚/𝑠 2
⇒ 𝜃𝑧 = 𝜔0 𝑡 + 5 𝑎𝑡 5 − 4 𝑏𝑡 4 2𝜋
II. Full speed is 𝜔 = 30 × 60 = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
So, magnitude of radial acceleration,
P4.4
P4 – Solutions 28
𝑎𝑅 = 𝜔 2 𝑅 ⇒ Angular displacement, 𝜃 = 30 × 2𝜋
= (𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)2 (0.03 𝑚) = 60𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
⇒ 𝑎𝑅 = 0.03𝜋 2 𝑚/𝑠 2 Final angular speed, 𝜔𝑓 = 0
III. Initially gyroscope was at rest Initial angular speed, 𝜔𝑖 = 12 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Time taken by the gyroscope to attain 𝜔𝑓2 = 𝜔𝑖2 + 2𝛼𝜃
angular speed of 30 𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑚𝑖𝑛 i.e. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠, 0 = 122 + 2𝛼(60𝜋)
𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔𝑖 + 𝛼𝑡 12×12 6
𝛼=− = − 5𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑 120𝜋
𝜋 = 0 + (14 )𝑡
𝑠 𝑠2
𝜋 Q15. Radius of the wheel on which the speedometer
⇒ 𝑡 = 14 𝑠 70
should have been calibrated, 𝑅 = = 35 𝑐𝑚
2
The distance moved by the point in this time,
1 Radius of the wheel on which the speedometer
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 2 60
was calibrated, 𝑟 = = 30 𝑐𝑚
2
Initially gyroscope was at rest. 𝑣 𝑣
Angular speed of the bigger wheel, 𝜔𝑏 = =
⇒𝑢=0 𝑅 35
2 𝑣 𝑣
1 𝜋 Angular speed of the smaller wheel, 𝜔𝑠 = =
𝑠 = 0 + 2 (0.42 𝑚/𝑠 2 ) (14 𝑠) 𝑟 30
3𝜋 2
Clearly, the speed of the bicycle reported would
= 2800 𝑚 be wrong because for same angular speed of the
bicycle we will have different linear speeds as
Q13. I. Angular speed of the propeller,
2000 the radii of the wheels are different. So 𝜔𝑏 < 𝜔𝑠
𝜔= × 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 because 𝑅 > 𝑟
Radius of the propeller, 𝑅 = 1.5 𝑚 The fraction of error in the true speed,
The pilot sees the propeller rotate, no more. Actual speed−reported speed
Error =
So the tip of the propeller is moving with a reported speed
𝜔(35)−𝜔(30) 1
tangential velocity of 𝑣 𝑇 = 𝜔𝑅 = =6
𝜔(30)
2000 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑣𝑇 = ( × 2𝜋 ) (1.5 𝑚) = 100𝜋 𝑚/𝑠
60 𝑠 Q16. I. To find the equation of curve we need to
II. Speed of the plane, 𝑣𝑃 = 50𝜋 𝑚/𝑠 eliminate 𝑡.
The observer on the ground sees this From trigonometric identities, we know that
tangential motion which is perpendicular to sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1
axis of the propeller and also sees the Square both the given equations and then
forward motion of the plane which is add them:
parallel to the axis of propeller. These two 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑅 cos 𝜔𝑡 )2 + (𝑅 sin 𝜔𝑡 )2
velocity components are perpendicular, so 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑅2 (cos 2 𝜔𝑡 + sin2 𝜔𝑡) = 𝑅2
the magnitude of the total speed is This is an equation for a circle of radius 𝑅.
𝑚 2 𝑚 2 II. To obtain 𝑥 and 𝑦 components of the
𝑣Total = √(100𝜋 𝑠 ) + (50𝜋 𝑠 )
velocity, differentiate 𝑥 = 𝑅 cos 𝜔𝑡 and 𝑦 =
= 50√5 𝜋 𝑚/𝑠 𝑅 sin 𝜔𝑡 respectively w.r.t. time.
𝑑𝑥
Q14. I. Since, every point on the wheel is moving at ⇒ 𝑣𝑥 = = −𝑅𝜔 sin 𝜔𝑡 = −𝜔𝑦
𝑑𝑡
a speed of 108 𝑘𝑚/ℎ i.e. 30 𝑚/𝑠 w.r.t to its And 𝑣𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑅𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡 = 𝜔𝑥
𝑑𝑡
axles, so the tangential speed of the edge of
the wheels is 𝑣 = 30 𝑚/𝑠 ⇒𝑣= √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
Radius of the wheel, 𝑅 = 80 𝑐𝑚 = 0.4 𝑚 = √(𝜔𝑦)2 + (𝜔𝑥 )2 = 𝜔2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
Hence, angular speed of the wheel about the 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑅
axle, 𝑦 𝑅 sin 𝜔𝑡
For the direction: tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 = 𝑅 cos 𝜔𝑡 = tan 𝜔𝑡
𝑣 30 𝑚/𝑠
𝜔=𝑅= = 12 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡
0.4 𝑚
II. Number of revolutions the wheel made just The resultant velocity vector makes angle
before the car stopped = 30 𝜔𝑡 with the horizontal.
P4 – Solutions 29
III. To obtain 𝑥 and 𝑦 components of the arrow barely passes through the gap
acceleration, differentiate 𝑣𝑥 = −𝑅𝜔 sin 𝜔𝑡 without hitting spoke 𝐵.
and 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑅𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡 respectively w.r.t. time. In any other caser the speed required will be
𝑎𝑥 =
𝑑𝑣𝑥
= −𝑅𝜔2 cos 𝜔𝑡 = −𝜔2 𝑥 more because the gap available between
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣𝑦 spokes 𝐴 and 𝐵 will be lesser.
𝑎𝑦 = = −𝑅𝜔2 sin 𝜔𝑡 = −𝜔2 𝑦 The corresponding minimum speed
𝑑𝑡
arrow length 0.24 𝑚
𝑎 = √(−𝜔 2 𝑥 )2 + (−𝜔 2 𝑦)2 = time time taken = = 4.8 𝑚/𝑠.
0.05 𝑠
= 𝜔2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝜔2 𝑅 II. It does not matter where you aim, because
For the direction: the wheel is rigid. It is the angle through
𝑣𝑦 𝑅𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡
tan ∅ = = −𝑅𝜔 sin 𝜔𝑡 which the spokes have turned, not the
𝑣𝑥
𝜋 distance, which matters here.
= − cot(𝜔𝑡) = tan ( 2 + 𝜔𝑡)
𝜋 Q18. I. Period of rotation of pulsar, 𝑇𝑜 = 0.033 𝑠
∅ = 2 + 𝜔𝑡 2𝜋
So initial angular speed, 𝜔𝑖 =
The resultant acceleration vector makes an 𝑇𝑜
𝜋 Rate of increase of period of rotation,
angle ∅ = + 𝜔𝑡 with the horizontal.
2
∆𝑇 = 1.26 × 10−5 𝑠/𝑦
The difference in the angles of velocity and 2𝜋
Final angular speed, 𝜔𝑓 =
acceleration is called phase difference which 𝑇𝑜 +∆𝑇
∆𝜔
will be covered in Simple Harmonic Motion. Angular acceleration, 𝛼 =
∆𝑡
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝜔𝑓 −𝜔𝑖 −
𝑇0 +∆𝑇 𝑇0
LEVEL 3 So, 𝛼 = =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
2𝜋 ∆𝑇
Q17. I. Since there are eight spokes, this means the (− 𝑇 (𝑇 +∆𝑇))
1 ∆𝑡 0 0
wheel cannot make more than of a Since, ∆𝑇 ≪ 𝑇0
8
revolution while the arrow traverses 2𝜋
⇒ ( ∆𝑡 ) ( 𝑇 2 )
−∆𝑇
⇒ 2620 Years
III. The period of rotation of the pulsar when it
was born,
𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔𝑖 + 𝛼𝑡
2𝜋 2𝜋
Look at the above figure carefully. Consider = + 𝛼𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇
a situation as show in this figure. For the 2𝜋𝑇
𝑇𝑜 = (2𝜋+𝛼𝑡𝑇)
minimum speed assume arrow is just about
2×3.14×0.033
to avoid spoke 𝐴 while the wheel is moving 𝑇𝑜 = 2×3.14−(2.30×10−9)(8.28×1010 )(0.033)
and it will pass through the gap between = 0.024 𝑠
spokes 𝐴 and 𝐵 just when spoke 𝐵 is about
to reach to the position of spoke 𝐴 while
P4.4
P4 – Solutions 30
⃗⃗𝒃𝒓 = 𝟖 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
On comparing the above two equations, we get
𝑢𝑦 = 8 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎𝑦 = −10
Therefore the initial velocity can be given as10 Km h-1= ub ⃗⃗𝒃u=r =10
𝒗 Km h-1
𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
𝒗
𝑢 = √𝑢𝑥2 + 𝑢𝑦2 = √62 + 82 = 10 𝑚/𝑠
If we look closely then we can conclude that this
is a case of projectile motion in which O
displacement in the 𝑥 − direction varies linearly Velocity of boat w.r.t. river 𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏𝑟 = 8𝑗̂ 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
with time which means velocity in the 𝑥 − Let velocity of river flow be 𝑣⃗𝑟 = 𝑢𝑖̂
direction is constant as is the case during Magnitude of velocity of boat w.r.t. ground,
projectile motion. |𝑣⃗𝑏 | = 10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Also velocity in the 𝑦 − direction varies linearly 𝑣⃗𝑏𝑟 = 𝑣⃗𝑏 − 𝑣⃗𝑟
with time which means acceleration is constant 𝑣⃗𝑏 = 𝑣⃗𝑏𝑟 + 𝑣⃗𝑟 = 8𝑗̂ + 𝑢𝑖̂
having value equivalent to acceleration due to
⇒ |𝑣⃗𝑏 | = |8𝑗̂ + 𝑢𝑖̂| ⇒ 10 = √82 + 𝑢2
gravity. This is also a case during projectile
⇒ 𝑢 = √100 − 64 = 6 𝑘𝑚 ℎ−1
motion.
Q4. B
Q2. C
Since range of both the bullets is same
Assume rightward direction to be positive 𝑥 −
⇒ 𝑅1 = 𝑅2
axis and downward direction to be positive 𝑦 −
𝑢12 sin 2×60° 𝑢22 sin 2×30° 𝑢2 sin 120°
axis. ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑢22 =
𝑔 𝑔 1 sin 60°
⃗⃗𝑟 and 𝑉
Let 𝑉 ⃗⃗𝑔 be the velocity of rain and velocity √3
𝑢22 2
of girl respectively, with respect to the ground. = =1
𝑢12 √3
2
⇒𝑉 ⃗⃗𝑟 = 4𝑗̂ 𝑘𝑚/ℎ and 𝑉⃗⃗𝑔 = 3𝑖̂ 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝐻1 𝑢12 sin2 60° 2𝑔
= × 𝑢2 sin2 30°
𝐻2 2𝑔 2
2
√3
𝐻1 ( )
2
-3km h-1 3km h-1 = 1 2
𝐻2 ( )
Vg 2
𝐻1 3 4 3
V rg 4km h-1 =4×1=1
𝐻2
Vr
P4 – Solutions 31
Q5. C 20 ms
B
Here equating the maximum heights for two
projectiles 5m
30 C u cos 30
We get A
𝑢12 sin2 60° 𝑢22 sin2 30°
2𝑔
= 2𝑔
𝑢12 sin2 30°
⇒ 𝑢2 = sin2 60° 40 m u cos 30
2
1 4 1
=4×3=3
𝑢 1
⇒ 𝑢1 =
2 √3 D
T.P.P.
P4 – Solutions 32
where 𝜃 is the angle of projection. And let 𝜃 be the angle at which the shell is fired
In a ground to ground projectile motion, at to hit the plane,
maximum height, a particle covers half of its Let the shell hit the airplane in time 𝑡.
range in the horizontal direction. So, for the shell to hit the fighter plane, the
⇒ in the traiangle 𝑂𝐴𝐻, horizontal distance covered by the shell in time
𝐴𝐻
tan 𝜙 = 𝑂𝐻 𝑡 should be equal to the distance covered by the
𝑢 2 sin2 𝜃 plane in the same time.
𝐴𝐻 = Also, the vertical distance covered by the shell
2𝑔
𝑅 2𝑢 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 should be equal to the height at which the
𝑂𝐻 = =
2 2𝑔
airplane is flying. This is because for the collision
𝑢2 sin2 𝜃
2𝑔 sin 𝜃 to happen, both the shell and airplane should be
⇒ tan 𝜙 = 2𝑢2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 2 cos 𝜃
2𝑔 at the same point.
⇒ tan 𝜙 = 2 tan 𝜃
1 Hence, distance covered by the airplane in time
𝑡, is 𝑣𝑡.
Q9. C And distance covered by the shell in time 𝑡 is
(𝑢 cos 𝜃)𝑡
⇒ (𝑢 cos 𝜃)𝑡 = 𝑣𝑡
Given that 𝑣 = 200 𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑢 = 200√2 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 200 1
⇒ cos 𝜃 = 𝑢 = 200 ⇒ cos 𝜃 =
√2 √2
⇒ 𝜃 = 45°
Q11. D
Let the topmost point of the tower be origin and Since the boys move at a constant velocity, the
let time of flight be 𝑡 i.e. time taken by the ball to distances AC and BC will be 𝑢𝑡 and 𝑢1 𝑡
reach the ground after being thrown down from respectively. Using Pythagoras’ theorem,
the tower. we get
(𝑢1 𝑡)2 + 𝑎2 = (𝑢𝑡)2
Here
𝑎2
Initial vertical velocity, 𝑢𝑦 = 50 sin 30° ⇒ 𝑎2 = 𝑡 2 (𝑢2 − 𝑢12 ) ⇒ 𝑡 = √𝑢2−𝑢2
1 1
= 50 ×
2
Q12. D
𝑢𝑦 = 25 𝑚𝑠 −1
This motion has to be the motion of a projectile
Displacement in the 𝑦 −direction = ℎ = −70 𝑚
since gravity is the only force acting.
𝑎𝑦 = −10 𝑚/𝑠 2
1
Comparing the given equation with the
Using, 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 trajectory of a projectile, we get
−70 = 25𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 𝐴 = tan 𝜃
𝑔
⇒ 𝑡 2 − 5𝑡 − 14 = 0 and 𝐵 = 2𝑢2 cos2 𝜃
⇒ (𝑡 − 7)(𝑡 + 2) = 0 𝐴 2𝑢 2 cos2 𝜃 tan 𝜃
⇒𝐵=
⇒𝑡 =7𝑠 𝑔
1
2×400× 40
2
Q10. A = =
10 1
Q13. A
Given
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑡 𝑗̂ = 𝐾(𝑦 𝑖̂ + 𝑥 𝑗̂)
𝑑𝑡
On comparing LHS and RHS
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝐾𝑦 (1)
Let velocity of the shell be 𝑢 and velocity of the 𝑑𝑦
airplane be 𝑣. = 𝐾𝑥 (2)
𝑑𝑡
P4 – Solutions 33
T.P.P.
P4 – Solutions 34
Q23. C
Angular velocity of particle about centre 𝐶,
𝑅 = 100 𝑚
𝑣𝑃𝐶 = 𝑅𝜔𝑃𝐶
𝑣𝑃𝐶 10
𝜔𝑃𝐶 = 𝑅
= 100
𝜔𝑃𝐶 = 0.1 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Angular velocity of particle about centre 𝐴,
Angular speed, 𝑅 = 200 𝑚
𝑣𝑃𝐴 10
2𝜋
𝜔 = 240 𝑟𝑝𝑚 = 240 × 60 = 8𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝜔𝑃𝐴 = = 200
𝑅
V
Vmg
t t
Initial Final
⃗⃗𝑟𝑔 ,
Let velocity of the rain w.r.t. the ground be 𝑉 Q28. C
B
velocity of the rain w.r.t. the man be V ⃗⃗𝑟𝑚 and
̂
velocity of man w.r.t. the ground be 𝑉𝑚𝑔 .
u
d u u
-Vmg
T.P.P.
P4 – Solutions 36
2
Time taken to cover distance 𝐴𝐵 is 𝑡 = 10 𝑠 4+2 cot 𝜃 sin 𝜃
𝑑 ⇒ =
8 𝑣
⇒𝑡=𝑣 8
𝑑 𝑣 = 2 sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃 (1)
⇒ 10 = 𝑣
For minimum 𝑣
⇒ 𝑑 = 10 𝑣 (1) 𝑑𝑣
=0
Time taken to reach 𝐴 again from 𝐵 is 𝑡 = 15 𝑠 𝑑𝜃
𝑑 −8(2 cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)
⇒ 𝑡 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = (2 sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)2
=0
⇒ 15 = 𝑣 cos 𝜃
𝑑 2 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 = 0
tan 𝜃 = 2
⇒ 𝑑 = 15 𝑣 cos 𝜃 (2)
From 𝐸𝑞. (1)
From (1) & (2) 8 8
2 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2 1 = 𝑚/𝑠
⇒ cos 𝜃 = 3 2( )+
√5 √5
√5
3
⇒ sec 𝜃 = 2 Q30. A
𝑢 9 √5 Without wind 𝐴 reaches to 𝐶 and with wind it
= √4 − 1 =
𝑣 2 reaches to 𝐷 so wind blow in the direction of 𝐶𝐷
𝑣 2 i.e. North-West direction.
⇒𝑢=
√5
D
Q29. C
Let the man start crossing the road at an angle 𝜃
as shown in Figure. For safe crossing that
condition is that the man must cross the road by
the time the truck describes the distance 45
A C
A C
v0
2m truck
v
B ⃗⃗𝐴𝐺 = 𝑉⃗⃗𝐴𝑊 + 𝑉
⃗⃗𝑊𝐺 ⇒ 𝑉
⃗⃗𝐴𝐺 𝑡 = 𝑉
⃗⃗𝐴𝑊 𝑡 + 𝑉
⃗⃗𝑊𝐺 𝑡
𝑉
4m
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑉 ⃗⃗𝐴𝑊 𝑡
4 + 𝐴𝐶 = 4 + 2 cot 𝜃
⃗⃗𝑊𝐺
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑉