What is a Transformer?

A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
the process of electromagnetic induction. It is most commonly used to increase or decrease voltage
levels between circuits. A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and
mutual induction. In transformers, the transfer of power occurs without any change in frequency or
phase.

Various Types Of Transformers

There are several transformer types used in the electrical power system for different purposes, like
in power generation, distribution and transmission and utilization of electrical power. Transformers
are classified based on the following factors:
• Voltage levels
• The medium used in the core
• Arrangements of windings
• Installation place

Below we have briefly discussed the factors on which a transofrmer is divided:

• Based On Voltage Levels

These are the most commonly used transformer type, depending upon the voltage the
transformer is classified as:
 • Step-up transformer: These transformers are used as a connecting transformer
between the generator and the grid. Here the secondary voltage is stepped up with a
ratio when compared to the primary voltage.
• Step-down transformer: These transformers are used for the conversion of high
grid voltage to low voltage and hence the name step-down transformer.

• Based On Medium Used In Core

These are based on the medium that is present between the primary and the secondary
winding:
• Air core transformer: The flux linkage between primary and secondary winding id
through the air as the windings are wound on a non-magnetic strip.
• Iron core transformer: As the windings of both the primary and the secondary are
wound on a multiple iron plate providing a perfect linkage path to generate flux.

• Based On The Arrangement Of Winding

Following is based on the arrangement of windings between the primary and secondary
windings:
• Autotransformer: The arrangement of windings in the primary and the secondary
windings are connected physically and magnetically in series.

• Based On The Usage

These are based on the usage of the transformer:
• Power transformer: These are used in power generation stations as they are suitable
for high voltage.
• Distribution transformer: These are used for domestic purposes as they are used for
carrying low voltage. It has an easy installation with low magnetic losses.
• Measurement transformer: These transformers can be further classified as a current
transformer, potential transformer, etc. They are mainly used for measuring voltage,
power, current, etc.
• Protection transformer: These are used in component protection