Project Report

Xkk Ap ¢Tkn U
FINAL REPORT
ICAR
National Agricultural Innovation Project

(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
VALUE CHAIN ON FLOWERS FOR
DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS
(Project Code: 4058)
Department of Floriculture & Landscaping

Horticultural College & Research Institute
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Coimbatore - 3
2014
Printed on : April 2014
Component : 2 (Production to Consumption System)
Citation : Dr. M. Jawaharlal. 2014. Final Report of NAIP sub-project 'Value chain on flowers for
domestic and export markets', Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India.92p
Copyright : The information presented herein is contribution of the Consortia
Disclaimer : © Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. All rights reserved.
Reproduction of materials in this report for educational or other non-commercial purposes
is permitted provided the source is fully acknowledged
Published by : Department of Floriculture & Landscaping,Horticultural College & Research Institute,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore - 3
Phone No. 0422-2444625/ 6611230; e-mail:jawaharflori@yahoo.com
Web : www.naiptnauflowers.com
Edited by : Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Consortium Principal Investigator and Dr. M. Ganga Co-Principal
Investigator
Compiled by : Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Dr. M. Kannan, Dr. M. Ganga, Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram,

Dr. S. Nakkeeran, Dr. P. Muthulakshmi, Dr. N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Dr. D. Suresh
Kumar, Dr. S.T. Bini Sundar, Dr. S. Karthikeyan, Dr. S.P. Thamarai Selvi, Dr. M.
Visalakshi, Dr. R. Ravikumar, Dr. S. Ganesh
Hindi translation : Mr. Surendranath Rayaprolu

Other Credits : Mr. N. Elango, M/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd., Sathyamangalam
Mr. P. Rajaram, M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., Salem
Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore
Mr. V. Venkatesh, M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty
Cover page photographs

(Clock wise) : 1) Export packaging of jasmine flowers
2) Hands on training on dry flower making
3) Precision production of carnation
4) Precision production of marigold
Printed at
Sreedevi Lithographics
66, Thiruvalluvar Nagar, Edayarpalayam
Coimbatore - 641 025
TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Dr. K. Ramasamy, Ph.D. Coimbatore - 641 003

Vice Chancellor Tamil Nadu, India
FOREWORD
With the floriculture scenario experiencing rapid changes, India's floriculture sector is keeping
pace with the global trends. Considerable efforts are now underway to gear up the country's
agricultural status and one of these noteworthy efforts is the implementation of the National
Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) “Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets” of
the ICAR. I am happy and proud that the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University was bestowed with the
valuable opportunity of implementing one such project entitled 'Value chain on flowers for domestic
and export markets' with the aim of promoting floriculture.
The fact that the scientist's team has successfully implemented the project in the National arena
gives me greater happiness and this Final Report which is a document of the efforts taken and the
achievements made by the project team is a strong proof to the successful implementation of the
project.
I congratulate Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Consortium Principal Investigator and his team for their
commendable efforts in implementing the project on 'Consortia approach' as per the requirements of
the NAIP and fulfilling all the objectives of the sanctioned proposal. Besides, I extend my wishes to
them for making remarkable achievements including attempts of patenting the 'Export packaging
technology of jasmine' and disseminating floriculture technologies through 71 training programmes to
3798 stakeholders including flower growers, entrepreneurs, women self help groups, unemployed
youth, etc. Further, creation of a strong public-private partnership through the project and
establishment of a strong Floriculture Research and Development infrastructure in the parent
organization (TNAU) with the financial support of the NAIP have paved way for sustainability of the
project.
I am sure that this project will be a reliable model for the successful and reliable public-private
partnership projects for Horticulture development.
Place : Coimbatore - 641 003

Date : 16.04.2014
Tel : Off: +91 422 2431788 Res: +91 422 2430887 Fax: +91 422 2431672 Email : vc@tnau.ac.in
PREFACE
There would not have been a more ideal time than this, when India's floriculture industry is growing in
leaps and bounds and there would not have been a greater opportunity than this project, to work for the
promotion of floriculture.
Implementation of the NAIP project “Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets”
was a very valuable and worthy opportunity to contribute whatever was possible by us for the
strengthening of floriculture. The entire course starting from the time taken for preparation and
refinement of the sub-project proposal till the preparation of this Final Report was a highly valuable and
useful exercise and experience for us. The project has not only made us strong in formulating viable
projects but has also rendered the benefit of establishing strong and sustainable association with
important stakeholders of the floriculture industry including key private organizations, relevant
financial organizations, flower growers, floriculture entrepreneurs and extension officials.
I wish to acknowledge the unfailing support rendered by the Vice Chancellor, the Registrar, the
Director of Research, the Dean (Horticulture), and all the other University Officers, Comptroller and
scientists of TNAU who were associated with this project. I am thankful to the Co-Principal
Investigators of this project and the Research Associates and Senior Research Fellows, who were a
great support to me throughout.
I am grateful to the Chairman of the Consortium Advisory Committee (CAC) Dr. T. Thangaraj,
Former Dean (Horticulture) of TNAU for his commitment and critical support throughout. I also extend
my gratitude to all the members of CAC for their invaluable technical support.
I am gratefully indebted to the Consortium Partners namely, M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd.,
M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., M/s. Vangaurd Exports and M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. and the
Associating Partners namely, KVK of UPASI, Coonoor and Deepam Self Help Group, Kotagiri for
their constant and trustworthy support throughout the project.
I am thankful to the Chairman of Consortium Monitoring Unit (CMU) Dr. M. Chandrasekaran,
(Director, Planning and Monitoring of TNAU) and the members.
I gratefully acknowledge Dr. S. Ayyappan, the Director General of ICAR, Dr. H. P. Singh, the
former Deputy Director General (Horticulture) of ICAR and Dr. N. K. Krishnakumar, the Deputy
Director General (Horticulture) of ICAR for their moral support and valuable guidance.
I acknowledge the financial assistance extended by the NAIP of ICAR, New Delhi. We
gratefully acknowledge the unfailing moral assistance rendered to us by the Former National
Coordinator (NAIP, Component II), Late Dr. R. K. Goyal, the Former National Director of NAIP,
Dr.Bangali Baboo, the National Director of NAIP, Dr. D. Rama Rao, the National Coordinator (NAIP,
Component II) Dr. R. Ezekiel, and the entire PIU of NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi.
Dr. M. Jawaharlal
Consortium Principal Investigator &
Professor and Head, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping
TNAU, Coimbatore
CONTENTS
Page No.
Foreword
Preface
1
Executive Summary / Key words 5
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project 9
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction 11
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives 12
3. Sub-project Technical Profile 12
4. BaselineAnalysis 14
5. ResearchAchievements
6. Value ChainAnalysis 15
7. Innovations 41
8. Process/Product/Technology Developed 42
9. Patents (Filed/Granted) 43
10. Linkages and Collaborations 43
11. Status on Environmental and Social SafeguardAspects 44
12. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 44
13. Publications 45
14. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 46
15. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Melas, etc. organized 46
16. Participation in Conference/Meetings/Trainings/Radio talks, etc. 48
17. Trainings/Visits undertaken (National/International) 48
18. Performance Indicators 49
19. Employment Generation 50
20. Assets Generated 50
21. Awards and Recognitions 53
22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 54
23. Possible Future Line of Work 54
24. Personnel 55
25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
26. Pro-forma
27. Annexure (Publications) 57
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 59
Part-IV: Declaration 60
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background information about the Project
The sub-project 'Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets' (Sub-project code: 4058)
was launched at TNAU in September, 2008. The Project was initially sanctioned for a timeframe of four
years (September, 2008 to June, 2012) with a budget outlay of Rs.353.29 lakhs. Subsequently, based on
the successful performance of the project, it was further extended up to June, 2014 with additional
budget. Thus, the total timeframe of the project was six years and the total budget outlay was Rs. 486.30
lakhs. The ultimate objective of the Project was to strengthen the floriculture value chain by way of
addressing all the missing links in the various levels of the chain.
The sub-project was implemented on the 'Consortia Approach' mode emphasized by the NAIP, with
TNAU as the Lead Centre of the Consortium, four private organizations as the Consortium Partners and
two organizations as the Associate Partners. Three significant flower crops namely, jasmine, marigold
and carnation and one value added product namely dry flowers were the focus crops of this project.
Baseline information on the pre-project situation
Based on a preliminary analysis taken up in the Project area to assess the scenario of the value chain
on flowers with respect to the focus crops of the project, it was evident that the major missing links in
the chain were lack of scientific production and post harvest handling technologies, high initial
investment, poor knowledge and adoption of available scientific production and value addition
technologies, inadequate post harvest infrastructure, low volume for export, poor market information
and lack of appropriate packaging technologies. The study revealed that majority of the farmers in the
area are marginal and small farmers and they follow conventional method of irrigation, while very few
follow drip irrigation. Main sources of market information are neighbouring farmers, friends,
newspaper, direct contact with middle men and local vendors. Majority of the growers sell their
produce in the local markets. Labour shortage, less price and inadequate loan were the major
constraints faced by the farmers in the study area.
Work proposed and execution plan
The Project had four major objectives: i) to optimize cost effective production technologies for
potential flower crops; ii) to standardize technologies for post harvest management and value addition;
iii) to impart training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production technologies and
iv) to create floriculture database and to facilitate market linkage and supply chain management in
flowers for domestic and export trade.
The first objective involved standardization of precision production technologies and eco-friendly
pest and disease management techniques for jasmine, marigold and carnation. The second objective
aimed at standardizing post harvest technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation, identification of
new plant species for dry flower making and standardization of dry flower processing and packaging
techniques. The third objective aimed at imparting Faculty training programmes (HRD) and growers'
and entrepreneurs' training programmes (Capacity building). The fourth objective was oriented
towards establishment of database, market linkage and supply chain infrastructure for domestic and
international floriculture trade.
Achievements
Objective 1: Optimization of cost effective production technologies
Precision production technology was standardized for jasmine by adoption of intensive field
preparation methods, precise spacing, enriched media consortia, drip and fertigation system, spraying
of biostimulants and micronutrients and integrated pest and disease management practices. Pruning
during September could induce off-season flowering during the months of October to February both
1
under open field conditions and protected conditions. Eco-friendly management methods for the
control of bud worm, gall midge, leaf spot and leaf blight were developed.
Precision production technology was standardized for African marigold which involves raising
seedlings in protrays, seedling dip with Pseudomonas flourescens @ 0.5%, intensive field preparation,
drip and fertigation, spraying of biostimulants and micronutrients and adoption of eco-friendly pest and
disease management practices to control thrips, mites, caterpillar, Alternaria leaf spot and Septoria leaf
spot.
The precision production technology developed for carnation include fumigation with Dazomet @
30g/m2, adding enriched growing media consortia, planting of 30 day old rooted cuttings and adopting
single pinch at the 5th node, management of calyx splitting with foliar application of 0.1 % borax and
eco-friendly methods to manage mites, thrips, Fusarium wilt and leaf spot.
Objective 2: Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition
An export packaging technology for jasmine flowers which involves treating flowers with boric acid
followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes for Dubai market and thermocole box with
aluminium foil lining and gel ice for USA market was developed. This technology has been filed for
patent (Patent No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).
For marigold flowers, corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes were identified as the most ideal
packaging materials based on the lowest physiological loss in weight (0.33% against 5% in control).
Precooling of carnation flowers at 40C for 4 hours after harvest, wrapping in polyethylene sleeves of 50
gauge thickness, using a holding solution made of sucrose 5% + citric acid 50 ppm + BA 75 ppm and
packing in corrugated fibre board boxes with 2 ply thickness and 4% ventilations proved best in
extending the vase life of flowers up to 12.50 days.
In the research on dry flowers, 44 locally available species were identified as suitable for dry flower
product making. Drying techniques by glycerinization (full dip method @ 1:20) for leaves and silica gel
+ sand (1:1) embedding followed by microwave drying for flowers were standardized.
Bleaching techniques for pods of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Castanospermum australe by soaking
pods in sodium hydroxide 10% (overnight) and then with 2% sodium hydroxide + 2.5% sodium silicate
+ 35% hydrogen peroxide for 18 hours and 12 hours respectively were developed. Dyeing techniques
for the pods of these two species with red acrylic dyes (0.2%) were developed. Utilizing the 44
identified plant species, 74 products were developed both for export and domestic markets. For the
transport of scented pine cones, 5 ply 180 gsm Full Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5 ply
180 gsm Regular Slotted Container (RSC) were found ideal.
Objective 3: Imparting training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post
production technologies
During the project period, a total of 71 training programmes were conducted under eight major
categories. In total, 3798 beneficiaries were trained who included 395 jasmine growers, 309 marigold
growers, 473 carnation growers, 809 unemployed youth and women (jasmine), 225 entrepreneurs
(jasmine), 463 unemployed youth and women (dry flowers), 240 entrepreneurs (dry flowers), 154
growers of commodity groups and 730 stakeholders. Through Faculty training programme, 11 project
staff underwent National Training Programme on “General Greenhouse management” at Horticulture
Training Centre, Pune.
Objective 4: Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkages and supply
chain management in flowers for domestic and export trade
Database pertaining to area, production and productivity of flowers in India and Tamil Nadu and
district-wise area, production and productivity of jasmine in Tamil Nadu and export of flowers from
India has been created. A website (www.naiptnauflowers.com) which gives information on precision
2
production technologies of different flower crops and other activities of the NAIP project has been
created. Video documentation of precision technologies of the focus crops has been done.
The value chains of jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers were analyzed and the existing
marketing channels were documented. Two Commodity Groups were formed at Kallipalayam and
Nillakottai and one Flower Growers' Association at Sathyamangalam was linked with the project.
Analysis taken up to assess the impact of the project activities has indicated that adoption of the
improved technologies has led to increase in productivity and price of the focus crops and reduced
usage of insecticides and fungicides, besides improving scope for export-oriented production,
particularly for marigold, wherein the xanthophyll goes for therapeutic applications.
Adoption of the improved processing techniques developed in the project for dry flowers has
created export opportunities to newer areas viz., Europe and South America. Development of newer
dry flower products has facilitated successful entry of the Indian products into the domestic market
apart from the export market.
Significant achievements
L 27 production technologies and 18 post harvest technologies have been developed
L Patent: 1 technology entitled 'Export packaging technology of jasmine' has been filed for
patenting (Patent No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).
L Publications made: 17 Research papers, 4 books, 6 book chapters, 15 theses, 5 popular articles
in English, 5 popular articles in other languages, 26 newspaper articles, 27 research abstracts, 1
manual, 6 lead paper presentations, 3 TV talks and 1 radio talk.
L Faculty training: 11 project staff underwent training programme on “General Greenhouse
management” at Horticulture Training Centre, Pune.
L 3798 growers, unemployed youth, entrepreneurs and self help group women were trained
through 71 training programmes
L 10 success stories have been documented
L 3 farmers' groups have been developed for marketing and processing
L Employment generation has been enhanced from 83,000 days/year to 1,28,150 days/year
L Assets worth Rs101.10 lakhs have been created for floriculture research and development
L Best Team Research of TNAU has been awarded to this project.
L 11 awards and recognitions have been awarded to the scientists and one CCPI for their valuable
contributions to this project.
Socio-Economic Impact
L Jasmine value addition and dry flower product making have helped in empowerment of
women through generation of considerable self employment opportunities for household
women
L Income of participating households has enhanced from nil to Rs. 26,000 per annum in case of
jasmine value addition
L In case of dry flower making, income of participating households has enhanced from nil to Rs.
28,125 per annum
L In marigold contract farming, the increase in yield and quality of the flowers ultimately
resulted in increase in price of fresh flowers and the procurement price paid to the farmers
increased from Rs. 2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013)
3
L Employment generation has been enhanced from 83,000 days/year to 1,28,150 days/year.
Environmental Impact
L The eco-friendly pest and disease management methods standardized for the control of bud worm and
gall midge in jasmine and the pests namely thrips, mites and caterpillar and the diseases Alternaria leaf
spot and Septoria leaf spot in marigold have enabled to reduce the quantity as well as number of sprays of
insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are quickly biodegradable with no
residualeffect, theproduceis highlypreferred by exportagencies.
L Around 44 local plant species have been identified for cultivation and use for dry flower product
making. This has helped to minimize exploitation of forest resources for collection of raw
materials for dry flower making.
Sustainability Plan
The following steps have been taken to sustain the project
L Continuing the Consortia approach which has created a strong association between the public
sector (ICAR and TNAU) and private sector (Private Partners)
L Continuing imparting of training to growers and entrepreneurs to take up commercial floriculture
ventures
L Imparting more training programmes on value addition to encourage women empowerment
L Regular training programmes sponsored by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Govt. of
Tamil Nadu are in progress
L Promotion of large scale scientific carnation cultivation in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal through
training programmes has helped in sustaining the project's impact even after the project period
L Efforts are being made to encourage the Consortium Partners to create a Sustainability Fund
L The project activities will be continued through new project proposals submitted to the Central
and State Governments.
4
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project
1. Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets
2. Sub-project code : 4058
3. Component : 2 (Production to Consumption System)
4. Date of sanction of sub-project : 01.09.2008
5. Date of completion : 30.06.2012
6. Extension if granted : From 01.07.2012 to 30.06.2014
7. Duration of the sub-project : 5 years, 10 months
8. Total sanctioned amount : Rs. 486.30 lakhs
9. Total expenditure amount : Rs. 385.0086 lakhs
10. Consortium Leader : The Vice Chancellor
Tamil NaduAgricultural University
Coimbatore - 641 003
Phone : 0422-6611251; Fax: 0422-2431672
e-mail : vc@tnau.ac.in, website: www.tnau.ac.in
11. List of Consortium Partners:
Name of CPI/ CCPI with Name of organization, address, Duration Budget
designation phone, fax, email (From- (In Lakh Rs.)
To)
CPI Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Dept. of Floriculture & Landscaping 01.09. 08 351.25
Ph.D. Horticultural College and Research
Professor & Head Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641 003 till date
Tel : 0422-6611230
Fax : 0422-2430781
e-mail : jawaharflori@yahoo.com
CCPI Mr. N. Elango, M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. -do- 30.30
1 B.Sc (Agri), MBA 234, Mysore Trunk Road
Vice President Puduvadavalli
(Agro Operations) Sathyamangalam - 638 401
Ph : 04295-243508(O);09443350880 (M)
e-mail: elangoavt@gmail.com
CCPI Mr. P.Rajaram, MBA M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd. -do- 30.65
2 Managing Director 3/90, D-3 Rajaji Avenue, New Fairlands
Salem - 636 016
Ph : 0427-2336095(O); 99524 14106(M)
Fax: 0427 - 2336096
e-mail: rajan.chow@gmail.com
CCPI Mr.K.Sethumadhavan, M/s. Vanguard Exports -do- 29.71
3 B.Sc., MAR Complex
Proprietor 54, Devangapet 1st Street
Coimbatore 641 001
Ph : 0422-2472458 (O); 9443158200 (M)
e-mail: vanguardexports@hotmail.com
CCPI Mr. V. Venkatesh, M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. -do- 44.39
4 LCE 159, Palace Road, Fernhill
Chief Executive, Ooty – 641 004, The Nilgiris
Ph: 0423-2452777 (O); 9443022012 (M)
e-mail:saverafloriculture@yahoo.com
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
5
12. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (in Lakh Rs.):
Total Fund Fund utilized
CPI/ CCPI (Name, designation & address) budget released (up to
sanctioned (up to 31.03.2014)
31.03.2014)
CPI Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Ph.D. 351.26 298.8518 298.0272
Professor & Head
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping
Horticultural College and Research Institute
TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003
CCPI 1 Mr. N. Elango, B.Sc (Agri), MBA 30.30 20.3191 20.3191
Vice President (Agro Operations)
M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, 234, Mysore
Trunk Road, Puduvadavalli
Sathyamangalam-638 401
CCPI 2 Mr. P. Rajaram, MBA 30.65 27.33099 25.8465
Managing Director
M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.
3/90, D-3 Rajaji Avenu e, New Fairlands
Salem - 636 016
CCPI 3 Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, B.Sc. 29.71 22.3985 22.3985
Proprietor
M/s. Vanguard Exports
MAR Complex, 54, Devangapet 1st Street
Coimbatore 641 001
CCPI 4 Mr. V. Venkatesh, LCE 44.39 32.3366 32.3366
Chief Executive
M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.
159, Palace Road, Fernhill, Ooty - 641 004
The Nilgiris
Total 486.31 401.23699 398.9244
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
6
PART-II: TECHNICAL DETAILS
1. Introduction
The present sub-project targeting the country's floriculture value chain came as a valuable
opportunity at the most ideal time, when TNAU with a strong base in floricultural research and
development was looking keenly for a viable means of working for the upgradation of floriculture,
which is growing rapidly in the global arena. The sub-project was proposed to the NAIP with the overall
aim of contributing towards making the 'Production to Consumption System' (PCS) of the country's
floriculture sector a holistic and commercially viable one, by way of addressing all the missing links in
the various levels of the value chain. As an attempt towards strengthening the floriculture promotional
activities already in operation in the institution before proposal of the present project to the NAIP,
relevant stakeholders were brought together to form a "Flower Growers' Federation" in September,
2006 which almost coincided with the first call of the NAIP for project proposals. Consequently,
considerable efforts were taken to seek the collaboration of various organizations relevant to the
project, as per the mandate of the NAIP and finally the concept note and the project proposal were
developed.
Three potential flower crops of Tamil Nadu, an integral part of the 'Flower growing belt of India' and
one floral product were selected for the project and the flower crops are jasmine, marigold, carnation
and the product is dry flowers and some of the key private partners were sought for collaboration
through the NAIP's 'ConsortiaApproach'.
The sub-project was sanctioned by the NAIP after several rounds of refinement and the project was
launched at TNAU in September, 2008 with a budget outlay of Rs.368.045 lakhs and a time frame of
four years (September, 2008 to June, 2012). Subsequently, based on the successful performance of the
project, it was further extended up to June, 2014 with additional budget. Hence, the total budget outlay
of the project was Rs.486.30 lakhs.
Through the project, interventions were made at all the possible levels of the value chain pertaining
to the four focus areas. These efforts have led to an overall improvement in the targeted value chain and
the salient achievements made in the project include development of precision production technologies
for jasmine, marigold and carnation, standardization of eco-friendly strategies to manage the major
insect pests and diseases of the above crops, development of improved post harvest management
methods for these crops, development and validation of an export packaging technology for jasmine to
Dubai and US markets, identification of newer and reliable plant species to be used as dry flowers,
development of improved processing techniques for dry flower making, design and development of
new dry flower products for domestic and export markets, technology transfer to growers and
entrepreneurs, market analysis, database creation, baseline survey and impact analysis. The 'Export
packaging technology for jasmine to Dubai and US markets' has been filed for Patent (Patent file:
1370/CHE/2010 dt:14.05.2010).
The infrastructure created in the parent organization (TNAU) for floriculture research and
development, the floriculture related database and publications made, and the strengthening of
collaborations between public and private organizations achieved through this project has paved a
strong path for the sustainability of this project.
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives
i) To optimize cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops
ii) To standardize technologies for post harvest management and value addition
iii) To impart training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production technologies
iv) To create floriculture database and to facilitate market linkage and supply chain management in
flowers for domestic and export trade
7
3. Sub-project Technical Profile
i) Optimization of cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops
Monitoring indicators
l Standardization of precision production technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation
l Standardization of eco-friendly pest and disease management techniques for jasmine, marigold
and carnation
Expected output and outcome
l Creation of pilot models of soil and plant analysis lab and protected structures for floriculture
l Increased yield in jasmine, marigold and carnation as a result of adoption of the new scientific
production technologies developed
l Improved technological know-how among growers of jasmine, marigold and carnation
ii) Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition
l Standardization of post harvest technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation
l Identification of new plant species for dry flower making
l Standardization of dry flower processing and packaging techniques
l Creation of 3 pilot model post harvest infra structures viz., two cold storage units and one jasmine
concrete extraction unit
l Development of improved post harvest management and dry flower making technologies
l Increased awareness regarding post harvest management and value addition of flowers among
growers and entrepreneurs
l Reduction of post harvest losses of flowers
l Improved entrepreneurial opportunities to flower growers, women and unemployed youth
iii) Imparting training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production technologies
l Faculty training programmes (HRD)
l Growers' and entrepreneurs' training programmes (Capacity building)
l Availability of demo kits and training materials on flower production technology
l 3200 flower growers, women and unemployed youth will be trained at regional and national level
l Availability of trained human resource
iv) Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkage and supply chain
management in flowers for domestic and export trade
l Establishment of database, market linkage and supply chain infrastructure
l Development of database on jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers
l Exposure of flower growers to national markets and formation of commodity groups
l Establishment of more market linkages (both domestic and export) for better marketing by flower
growers
l Export promotion and facilitating access to institutional credits and subsidies through organized
and collective marketing
8
4. BaselineAnalysis
An analysis of pre-project scenario of the value chain on flowers with respect to the focus crops
namely, jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flower products revealed that the following were the
missing links in the chain.
l Production - Lack of scientific technologies and high initial investment (carnation)
l Post harvest management - Lack of scientific post harvest technologies, poor knowledge and
adoption of scientific technologies and inadequate post harvest infrastructure
l Value addition - Poor knowledge on value addition and lack of adequate scientific technologies on
value addition
l Marketing - Low volume for export (carnation), poor market information and lack of appropriate
packaging technologies
For the baseline survey, 72 beneficiaries from three flower growing groups viz., 30 jasmine growers
(Erode and Coimbatore districts), 30 marigold growers (Erode district) and 12 carnation growers (the
Nilgiris district) were selected and studied. In addition, 10 dry flower product producers were also
selected from Salem district. Salient findings of the survey are furnished below.
Ø The cropping pattern in the study villages shows that crops like marigold, jasmine, carnation,
turmeric, banana, cotton, tomato, brinjal etc., are grown during Kharif season and sesamum,
cauliflower, cabbage, potato, beans and carrot are being cultivated during Rabi season.
Groundnut cultivation is practised in summer. Maize crop is cultivated both during Rabi as well as
summer season.
Ø With respect to occupation, of the total 72 farmers surveyed, 20 are dependent only on agriculture.
Apart from agriculture, 47 farmers' families are engaged in animal husbandry
Ø Of the total 72 farmers, there were 40 small farmers (1.00-1.99 ha), 12 marginal farmers (<1 ha),
10 semi medium farmers (2.00 - 3.99ha) and 9 medium farmers (4.00 -9.99ha).
Ø With respect to assets related to agriculture, 33 farmers own tractors and 3 farmers own
cultivators.
Ø Majority of the farmers (50) follow conventional method of irrigation, while only 12 farmers
follow drip method and 10 farmers are adopting both surface and drip methods of irrigation.
Ø Main sources of market information are neighbouring farmers, friends, news papers, direct
contact with middle men and local vendors.
Ø Majority of the growers (57.8 per cent) sold their produce in the local market, while 33 per cent
sold them to merchants in town markets.
Ø Majority of the cultivators (40.2 per cent) brought flowers from a distance of 6-10 km and sold on
a monthly contract basis to the merchants or commission agents as stated by 63.2 per cent
respondents.
Ø Labour shortage, less price, inadequate loan were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the
study area.
Ø Out of 72 farmers surveyed, 26 farmers have taken loan for various purposes. Maximum farmers
preferred crop loan wherein the amount of loan varied from Rs.1.0 to 2.0 lakhs.
1. ResearchAchievements with Summary
i) Optimization of cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops
Cost effective precision production technologies for potential flower crops viz., jasmine, marigold
and carnation were developed by adoption of scientific flower production techniques.
Jasmine
Precision production technology for Jasminum sambac (Gundumalli) was standardized. Adoption
of precision production techniques viz., field preparation with chisel, disc, rotovator and cultivator,
9
planting at spacing of 1.2 x 1m, media consortia (FYM
5kg/pit, Neem cake 500g/pit, vermicompost 100g/ pit and
Azospirullum & Phosphobacteria each 3kg/ha), drip
irrigation @ 3 days interval, 100% RDF through fertigation at
weekly intervals, spraying of biostimulants and
micronutrients viz., Humic acid 0.4%, Panchagavya 3%,
FeSO4 0.5% & ZnSO4 0.5% at monthly intervals and adoption
of integrated pest & disease management increased the yield to 14.14t/ha against 7.49 t/ha in the
conventional system of cultivation.
Precision method Conventional method
In a trial conducted to standardize off-season flower production in Jasminum sambac through

physiological intervention under open conditions, the plants were pruned during the first week of every
month starting from July to November and it was observed that pruning of plants during the first week
of September recorded increased yield (590g/plant) during the off-season months (October to
February), when compared to other months of pruning. Pruning during last week of November is the
conventional pruning method in J. sambac and hence this was considered as control and it recorded an
yield of 210 g/plant during off-season. Pruning during the first week of February recorded the lowest
yield (20g/plant) during off-season flowering.
Another trial was conducted to standardize techniques for off-season flowering in the three
commercial Jasminum species under protected conditions. In this trial, the same set of treatments
imposed under open conditions, viz., pruning during 1st week of every month starting from July to
November were imposed under protected conditions (Naturally ventilated polyhouse). Among the
three species, J. sambac performed well while other two species showed poor performance under
polyhouse without any flower production during off-season. J. sambac showed 63.46% yield increase
when compared to open field condition. Among different months of pruning, September month pruned
plants showed earliness in flowering (21.96 days after pruning) against 55.26 days in open field, the
same treatment showed maximum 100 bud weight of 24.56g compared to 22.79g in open field.
J. sambac under polyhouse
10
A trial was conducted to compare the conventional planting system with paired row planting system
in Jasminum sambac and J. grandiflorum. In J. sambac, two different spacings viz., 1.0 x 1.0 m / 1.5 m
and 1.0 x 1.2 m / 1.5 m were adopted and they were compared with conventional recommended spacing
of 1.25 x 1.25 m (control). It was observed that planting in paired row system at spacing 1.0 x 1.0 m / 1.5
m recorded increased yield per ha (9.65 t/ha) compared to conventional spacing (7.82 t/ ha). This
increase in yield is attributable to the increased plant population, easy intercultural operations and
decreased weed growth. Similarly in J. grandiflorum, two different spacings viz., 1.6 x 1.6 m / 2 m and
1.6 x 1.8 m / 2 m were adopted and this was compared with conventional recommended spacing 1.8 x
1.8 m (control). Planting at a spacing of 1.6 x 1.6 m / 2 m recorded increased yield per ha (12.06 t/ha)
against conventional system (10.93 t/ha). Damaged bud Bud worm
Trials were conducted to standardize eco-
friendly methods to manage major pests and
diseases in jasmine. For the control of bud
worm (Hendecasis duplifascialis), a major
pest in jasmine, application of the easily
biodegradable insecticide with less residual
effect namely Thiocloprid 240 SC @ 0.2% reduced the bud worm incidence from 39.70% to 4.53%.
For the control of gall midge in jasmine, spraying of Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 0.05% was found to be very
effective and recorded the lowest flower damage of 4.90% compared to 70.10% in untreated control.
For the management of Cercospora leaf spot, it was observed that soil application of Bacillus
subtilis @ 25g/plant at the time of planting and foliar application of B. subtilis @ 0.5% at monthly
intervals recorded less disease incidence (26.49 PDI) when compared to control (53.01 PDI) and for
Alternaria leaf blight, soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 25 g/plant at the time of planting
Cercospora leaf spot Alternaria leaf blight and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 0.5% at
monthly intervals recorded lowest per cent of disease
incidence(23.5%)comparedtocontrol(58.5%).
Impact: Through training programmes, on-
farm trials and field level demonstrations, the
precision production technology developed has
been disseminated to farmers and they were
made to adopt the same. Impact analysis carried out after a year indicated that the productivity of
jasmine increased from 7.48 t/ha to 12.41 t/ha. It is found that cost of the jasmine cultivation under
conventional and precision farming is Rs. 3,11,476 and Rs. 4,40,959 per hectare respectively. The
estimated net income worked out to be Rs. 3,08,524 and Rs. 5,39,041 per hectare respectively under
conventional and precision farming system. By spending an extra Rs. 1,29,483 the NAIP farmers were
getting an additional income of Rs. 2,30,517 per hectare. Thus, by adoption of this technology, growers
can achieve a benefit cost ratio of 2.70 compared to 1.91 in the conventional system.
Further, this technology has improved the quality of flowers by increasing the bud size, bud weight,
etc. The flowers produced during off-season fetch higher price of Rs.700/kg, against the average price
of Rs.100/kg during the peak season.
The newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods for the control of bud
worm and gall midge have decreased the quantity as well as number of sprays of insecticides and
fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, the
produce is highly preferred by exporters. Through the eco-friendly methods, the percentage of incidence of
bud worm had reduced to 4.53% from 39.70%, gall midge to 4.90% from 70.10%, leaf spot to 26.49%
from 53.01% and leaf blight to 23.50% from 58.50%.
Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore
11
Marigold
Precision production technology for African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.) was standardized. The
technology involves adoption of improved technologies viz., raising hybrid seedlings in protrays (@
80g seed/acre against 110 g/acre in conventional system), seedling dip with Pseudomonas flourescens
@ 0.5%, field preparation with chisel, disc, cultivator and rotovator, application of 75% recommended
dose of fertilizers through drip and fertigation system (against 100% RDF through broadcasting in
conventional system), spraying of biostimulant humic acid 0.2% on 30th and 45th day after transplanting
and adoption of eco-friendly pest and disease management practices. The technology has led to
increase in flower yield by 42.27% (35.74 t/ha against 25.12 t/ha in Control) and flower xanthophyll
content by 38.19% (1.99 g/kg of fresh flowers against 1.44 g/kg in Control).
In a trial to analyse the effect of

micronutrients on xanthophyll content, it was Precision method Conventional method
observed that, spraying of FeSO4 0.5% and
ZnSO4 0.5% on 30 and 45 days after
transplanting recorded 22.50% increase in
flower yield (26.64 t/ha against 22.50 t/ha in
Control) and 37.32% increase in flower
xanthophyll content (1.95g/kg against 1.42
g/kg of fresh flowers in the Control).
Biostimulants application - Xanthophyll enhancement in marigold
Field view Marigold L3 Hybrid
Treatments Application of biostimulants at

30 & 45 DAT
((Humic acid (0.2%) + Sea weed extract (0.25%))
Xanthophyll content - 1.92g/1000g

(Control 1.40g/1000g)
Flour meal
Oleoresin
Pellets
Xanthophyll
In another trial to standardize the techniques to enhance xanthophyll content through application of
biostimulants, it was observed that foliar application of biostimulants namely humic acid 0.2% +
seaweed extract 0.25% increased the flower yield by 28.51% (25.78 t/ha against 22.50 t/ha in Control)
and xanthophyll recovery of 35.21% (1.92 g/kg against 1.40 g/kg of fresh flowers in Control).
Eco-friendly methods to manage major pests viz., thrips, mites and caterpillar and diseases viz.,
Alternaria leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot were standardized. For the management of thrips,
application of Fipronil @ 0.15% which is an easily biodegradable pesticide with less residual effect
recorded minimum thrips population (3.68%) compared to untreated plots (45.51%).
12
In the trial to manage mites in marigold, it was observed that Caterpillar damage
need based application of Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05 % which is
an easily biodegradable acaricide with less residual effect
proved superior in reducing the mite population to 10.02 %
(compared to 62.91% in untreated plots).
For the control of caterpillar (Helicoverpa armigera) in
marigold, application of easily biodegradable chemical
Spinosad @ 0.075% recorded minimum pest infestation
(7.30%) compared to the control (40.29%).
For the management of Alternaria leaf spot, it was observed that root dipping of marigold seedlings
in 1% Pseudomonas fluorescens at the time of transplanting followed by foliar application of 0.5%
P. fluorescens at monthly intervals recorded less disease incidence (24.5%) compared to 65.34% in
control. For Septoria leaf spot, it was observed that root dipping of marigold seedlings with 1%
Bacillus subtilis for 30 minutes and foliar application of 0.5% B. subtilis at monthly intervals recorded
less disease intensity (25.81 PDI).
Impact: The precision production technology developed for marigold was disseminated to farmers
through on-farm trials, training programmes, field level demonstrations etc. Impact analysis indicated
that the productivity increased from 25.12t/ha to 35.74 t/ha (average increase of 42.27%) and the
xanthophyll content from 1.44g/kg to 1.99 g/kg of fresh flower (average increase of 38.19%). Total
expenditure incurred in marigold cultivation is Rs. 59,136 per hectare under conventional farming
system and Rs. 77,275 per hectare under precision farming system. Net profit is Rs. 79,024 per hectare
under conventional farming and Rs. 1,19,295 per hectare under precision farming. By spending an
extra expenditure of Rs. 18,139 per hectare towards adopting specific technologies developed through
NAIP, the farmers have got an additional net income of Rs. 40,271 per hectare. The increase in yield and
quality of the flowers ultimately resulted in increase in price of fresh flowers and the procurement price
paid to the farmers increased from Rs. 2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013).
Since considerable proportion of the xanthophyll extracted from marigold flowers is utilized in
pharmaceutical industries, use of eco-friendly and quickly biodegradable newer molecules of plant
protection chemicals with less residual effect has increased the export potential of marigold. Further,
the use of eco-friendly chemicals for the control of mites, thrips and caterpillars in marigold has
decreased the quantity as well as number of sprays of pesticides. The use of biocontrol agents for the
control of pathogens has reduced the usage of chemical fungicides by the farmers. Through eco-
friendly methods of pest and disease management, the percentage of incidence of thrips was reduced to
3.68% from 45.51%, mites to 10.02% from 70.10%, caterpillars to 7.30% from 40.29% and leaf spot to
24.50% from 65.34%.
Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, Sathyamangalam
Carnation
A comparative study on the performance of carnation variety Dona Pink under steel frame and
wooden frame structure taken up at Ooty revealed that the steel framed aerodynamic structure was
superior to the wooden framed structure in respect of both the crop performance as well as longevity of
the structure. The proportion of 'A' grade flowers with a stem length of 69.00cm was 90% and the flower
2 2
yield/m was 308 against 67.75cm stem length, 76.75% A grade flowers and 277.20 flowers/m
respectively in wooden frame structure. The steel framed aerodynamic structure fared better over the
wooden frame structure because the longevity of steel frame structure will be for 10 years.
13
In the trial taken up to standardize Wooden frame structure Steel frame structure
fumigation techniques for protected
carnation cultivation, application of
Dazomet @ 30g/m2 had an effective
control over Fusarium wilt incidence
which recorded nil per cent disease
incidence (against 5.55 % in control)
and weed count of 14.76/m2 (against
65.78 in control) at the end of first
flush of flowering.
A quantity of 30 kg growing media consortia per m2 made up of 10:1:1 of farm yard manure @ 25
2 2 2
kg/m , vermicompost @ 2.5 kg/m , cocopeat @ 2.5 kg/m , biofertilizers viz., Azospirillum,
phosphobacteria, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viridae,
Pseudomonas fluorescens each @ 20 g/m2 at bimonthly intervals was used as growing medium. Use of
2
this consortia recorded the highest flower yield/m with 249.48, 352.80 and 201.60 (against 180.00,
234.00 and 180.00 in Control) and longest stalks measuring 77.30, 73.20, 71.50 cm (against 60.00,
58.50, 54.00 cm in Control) in the I, II and III flushes of flowering respectively.
Growing media consortia Planting density Pinching levels in carnation
Marking planting distance
planting
A plant spacing of 15 x 15 cm accommodating 36 plants/m2 (bed area) was found to be optimum for
carnation to get higher flower yield/m2 of 223.20, 280.80 and 216.00 during the first, second and third
flushes of flowering respectively.
The research taken up to optimize planting stage and pinching level indicated that planting of 30 day
old rooted cuttings and adopting single pinch at the 5th node led to higher flower yield/m2 of 216.00,
298.80, 194.40 (against 208.80, 289.80 and 194.40 in control) during the first, second and third flushes
of flowering respectively.
To manage calyx splitting, a physiological disorder in carnation, foliar application of 0.1 % borax at
fortnightly intervals till bud appearance and at weekly intervals thereafter proved to be the best for
reducing the incidence from 32.63 % to 3.13 %.
14
Effect of borax on calyx splitting in carnation
Treatments Calyx split (%)
2
T1 Soil application - 2.0g/m borax 17.19
2
T2 Soil application - 4.0g/m borax 13.85
T3 Soil application - 6.0g/m2 borax 10.60
T4 Foliar application - 0.1 % borax 3.13
T7 Control (without borax) 32.63
Mean 12.08
SE(d) 0.378
CD at 5% 0.824
Eco-friendly methods to manage insect pests (mites and thrips) and diseases (Fusarium wilt and leaf
spot) of carnation were standardized. To manage red spider mite, Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05% was
found to be effective. It recorded less mite population of 6.13 % (compared to 50.11 % in control). It is a
safe, eco-friendly, biodegradable and cost effective chemical.
Mite infested leaf Bud Abamectin sprayed plot Electron microscope Mite colony
view of mite
To manage thrips in carnation, among the different chemicals compared, Fipronil @ 0.15% was
found to be effective and it is an easily biodegradable compound, with less residual effect. It recorded
lower incidence of thrips of 3.91 % (compared to 90.31 % in control).
Thrips damage in flower bud
For the management of Fusarium

wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f sp.
dianthi), Pseudomonas fluorescens
as soil application @ 25 g/m2 and
foliar application @ 0.5 % at
monthly intervals was found to be
effective with lower per cent disease
intensity (21.30 PDI).
Fusarium wilt infected field
15
To manage Alternaria leaf spot
incidence, Bacillus subtilis as soil
application @ 25 g/m2 followed by foliar
application @ 0.5 % at monthly intervals
was effective with lower disease incidence
(24.79 % of PDI compared to 54.03 % PDI
in control). Leaf spot symptom in leaf Flower bud
Impact: The technologies developed in the project were disseminated to carnation growers of
Nilgiris and Kodaikanal regions through various trainings and field demonstrations. Impact analysis
indicated that adoption of the improved production technologies, eco-friendly pest and disease
management methods had led to an overall increase in productivity from 12 to 16 flowers/plant/crop
and flower yield/m2 from 204.00 to 229.56 in I flush, 268.20 to 310.80 in II flush, 192.00 to 204.00 in III
flush of flowering. This has ultimately led to increase in proportion of 'A' grade flowers from 70 % to 84
% followed by a subsequent increase in the price of flower from Rs.3/- per stem (2008) to Rs.3.60 per
stem (2013).
The fixed cost for carnation cultivation is Rs. 4.88 lakhs for 500 m2 greenhouse area. Total variable
cost per crop is Rs. 3.83 lakhs. Growers were getting a gross income of Rs. 5.51 lakhs and a net income
of Rs. 1.67 lakhs from carnation cultivation in an area of 500 sq.m.
Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty
ii) Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition
Jasmine
Research was taken up to standardize improved post harvest management methods for jasmine
flowers. In the trial to standardize chemical treatments to increase the shelf life of jasmine (Jasminum
sambac) flowers, treatment with boric acid @ 4% proved beneficial in increasing the shelf life of
jasmine flowers by recording a shelf life of 42.88 hours as against 32 hours in control for long distance
market.
In the trial taken up to identify ideal packing and lining material for jasmine flowers, treating
jasmine strings (210 cm long) with 4% boric acid (floral preservative) followed by packing in
Corrugated Fibre Board packaging with butter paper lining material was best for Dubai market. For
USA market, jasmine strings (30 cm long) were treated with 4% boric acid (floral preservative) and
packed in small boxes (11 x 13.5 x 4 cm) and 24 such small boxes were packed in thermocole box (60
cm x 45 cm x 30 cm) with aluminium foil lining. In the thermocole box, three layers of small boxes
were placed and in between the layers gel ice sheets were placed and the whole pack was covered with
aluminium foil.
In the trial taken up to standardize long term storage of jasmine flowers J. sambac treated with 4%
boric acid and packed in pp 60 μ and in turn packed in CFB packaging had an extended shelf life of
192.32 h when stored at 7ºC. In J. grandiflorum also, storage at 7ºC had an extended shelf life upto
156.32 h under package of pp 60μ + salicylic acid 50 ppm + CFB packaging. The export packaging
technology has been filed for patenting (Patent no. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010)
Various fillers namely rose petals, ixora, carnation, cocks comb and golden rod and tinted tuberose
flowers were identified as suitable for jasmine garland preparation. Such tinted tuberose flowers were
found highly suitable for value addition of jasmine.
For tuberose tinting, different acid dyes viz., bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, phenol red,
eosin and food dyes viz., orange red, lemon yellow, apple green were used. Among the dyes food dyes
were associated with better colour uptake and shelf life (2 days).
16
Impact: Adoption of the export packaging
technology by commercial exporters has helped to
reduce post harvest losses from 40% to 10% while
simultaneously leading to an increase in the export
volume from 600 kg/day for 260 days/yr (before
intervention) to 900 kg/day (after intervention) for
Dubai market and from 500 kg/day for 52 days/yr
(before intervention) to 1,000 kg/day for 104 days/ yr
(after intervention). Further, the following 6 new
exporters were promoted.
S.No. New Exporters Volume of export (kg/week)
1. M/s. Karthika Exports, Salem 1500
2. M/s. Barath Exports, Coimbatore 2400
3. M/s. FS Exports, Coimbatore 2400
4. M/s. Navakshi Exports, Madurai 300
5 M/s. Jai Expoters, Nilakottai 600
6 M/s. Kannan Exporters, Chennai 600
Scientific export packaging technology for USA market
Fresh flowers Patent file No. 1370/CHE/2010
Flowers made as string Ready for airlifting to

USA market
Tied strings Strings are Ice gel Small boxes placed

cut into packed placed in thermocole boxes
30 cm in small over small lined with
pieces boxes boxes aluminium foil
Jasmine string treated

with boric acid @ 4 %
Scientific export packaging technology for Dubai market
Fresh flowers
Flowers made as string
Jasmine string treated

with boric acid @ 4 %
Treated jasmine strings

packed in ventilated corrugated
Fibre board boxes
Ready for airlifting to
Dubai market
Contributors : 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore

17
Marigold
Research on standardization of packaging technology for the
marigold hybrid L3 was taken up and effectiveness of the packaging
materials was assessed based on physiological loss in weight of
flowers and their xanthophyll content. Corrugated fibre board (CFB)
boxes were identified as the most ideal packaging materials based on
the lowest physiological loss in weight (0.33% against 5% in control)
by the flowers packed and transported in these packaging materials.
This has reduced the mechanical damage of the flowers which in turn
reduced thewastageof flowers. Packed flowers ready for
transportation
Flowers after transportation
Contributors : 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, Sathyamangalam
Carnation
Post harvest management
Precooling of carnation flowers at 40C for
4 hours after harvest resulted in extension of
vase life of flowers upto 10.00 days (against
8.25 days in control). The ethylene evolution
recorded lowest values during 2, 4, 6 days
after treatment with 1.00, 8.80, 12.40 ppm
(against control with 5.43, 16.92, 18.60 ppm).
Measuring respiration and ethylene evolution rates
Pulsing of carnation flowers with sucrose 10% + citric acid 100 ppm + 8HQ 400 ppm for 24 hours
duration and then kept in distilled water, extended the vase life of the flowers upto 12.50 days (against
7.50 days in control).
Polyethylene sleeves Butter paper News paper
Pulsing solution
Holding solution
18
Wrapping materials
Wrapping of carnation flowers with polyethylene sleeves
of 50 gauge thickness fared best in retaining the freshness of
flowers upto 11.20 days (against 7.00 days in control).
Using a holding solution made of sucrose 5 % + citric acid
50 ppm + BA 75 ppm extended the vase life of flowers to
14.25 days (against 8.60 days in control).
Packing of carnation flowers in corrugated fibre board
boxes with 2 ply thickness and 4 % ventilations proved best in
extending the vase life of flowers up to 12.50 days (against
5.00 days in control).
Impact: Impact analysis revealed that improved post
harvest management practices namely precooling, pulsing,
wrapping, holding and packing could extend the vase life
from 7.00 days in control to 12.50 days thus enabling long
distance marketing in the supply chain process.
Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty Jacaranda
Dry flowers
Locally available species were identified and screened based on
their suitability for drying and value addition. Out of 50 plant
species studied, 44 were found suitable for dry flower product
making, based on their qualities such as good texture, less
brittleness, good shape retention, less change in colour intensity and
low shatter index. Castanospermum
Drying techniques were standardized for leaves of silver oak
(Grivillea robusta), Thuja and ornamental Camellia and flowers of
green and yellow button chrysanthemum, red gerbera (Gerbera
jamesonii) and Plumeria sp. Glycerinization (full dip method @
1:20) for leaves and silica gel + sand (1:1) embedding followed by Wreath
microwave drying for flowers were found best.
Research taken up to standardize

bleaching techniques for pods of
Jacaranda mimosifolia and
Castanospermum australe revealed
that soaking pods in sodium hydroxide
10% (overnight) and then with 2%
sodium hydroxide + 2.5% sodium
silicate + 35% hydrogen peroxide for
18 hours and 12 hours respectively
was found superior. Research on dyeing of the pods of these two species indicated that red acrylic dyes
(0.2%) were ideal.
Utilizing the 44 identified plant species, 72 products (potpourris, garland, wreath, fairy pine cone
angel, Christmas snow man, gift decoration, Christmas candles, basket arrangements, wall hangings,
photo frames, hat arrangements, pen stands, key chains, ear rings and swag) were developed both for
export and domestic markets.
19
Steps in bleaching
Dried pods Soaked in 10% NaOH Treated with 2% NaOH + 2.5 %

NaSiO3 + 35% H2O2
Product developement Fully bleached pods
12 hrs
Score on dyeing consistency of jacaranda mimosifolia pods under

different dyeing treatments at periodical intervels
New Products
Hat arrangements
Pen stands
Pot pourri
Key chain
Christmas candle
Swag
Heart wreath
20
Research taken up to identify safe packaging material for the transport of scented pine cones
revealed that 5ply 180 gsm Full Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5ply 180 gsm Regular
Slotted Container (RSC) were ideal, as assessed through drop tests and vibration tests
5ply-180gsm FTHS style CFB carton 5ply-180gsm RSC style CFB carton
Response of dry flower products to drop test

Sl. Packaging material Damage intensity to the Remarks
No. product (%) due to dropping (level of damage)
1. 3 ply- 130 gsm- RSC (Control) 5.9 High
2. 3 ply-180 gsm- RSC 2.8 Moderate
3. 5 ply- 180 gsm- RSC 0 No
4. 7 ply-180 gsm- RSC 0 No
5. 3 ply- 180 gsm- FTHS 2.4 Moderate
6. 5 ply- 180 gsm FTHS 0 No
7. 7 ply- 180 gsm FTHS 0 No
SEd 0.0115
CD (0.05) 0.0236**
Impact: Identification of local plant species has helped to prevent the illegal collection of plants from
forests. Also identification of different plant species increased the volume of botanical export of the
Consortia Partner (M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.,) significantly (from 600 tonnes to 1600 tonnes).
Botanicals were used in preparing dry flower products for export as well as domestic markets. Wreaths
made with the thuja and silver oak leaves processed adopting the improved processing techniques
developed in the project have created export opportunities to newer areas viz., Europe and South America.
The dyeing and bleaching techniques have paved way for development of newer products. Development
of new products has facilitated successful entry into the domestic market apart from the export market.
Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., Salem
iii) Imparting training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production
technologies
Growers' and entrepreneurs' training
During the project period, a total of 71 training programmes were conducted under the categories
viz., production and post harvest technology of jasmine (5 Nos.), marigold (6 Nos.), carnation (10
Nos.), hands on training on value addition of jasmine (11 Nos.), entrepreneurial skill development
training programme on value addition and export promotion of jasmine (5 Nos.), hands on training on
dry flower technology (11 Nos.), entrepreneurial skill development training programme on processing
of dry flowers (4 Nos.), growers' training on commodity group formation (4 Nos.), training to
stakeholders of Madurai Malli Development Council (3 Nos.), Stakeholders' meet (1 No.), jasmine
concrete extraction demonstration (3 Nos.), exposure visit to flower growers (2 No.), training to
stakeholders fromAndhra Pradesh (2 Nos.), crop seminar (1 No.) and Closing workshop (1 No.).
21
In total, 3798 beneficiaries were trained who included 395 jasmine growers*, 309 marigold growers,
473 carnation growers, 809 unemployed youth and women (jasmine), 225 entrepreneurs (jasmine)#,
463 unemployed youth and women (dry flowers), 240 entrepreneurs (dry flowers), 154 growers of
commodity groups and 730 flower growers.
Details of training programmes conducted
No. of No. of
Trainings
trainings beneficiaries
Growers’ training on jasmine 5 *186
Hands on training on jasmine 11 809
#
Entrepreneurial training in jasmine 5 164
Growers’ training in marigold 6 309
Δ
Growers’ training in carnation 10 437
Hands on training in dry flowers 11 ®438
Entrepreneurial training in dry flowers 4 240
Commodity group formation 4 154
Madurai Malli Development Council 3 *86
$
Stakeholders’ Meet 1 450
#
Jasmine concrete extraction demonstration 3 61
Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 *38
$
Exposure visit to flower growers 1 30
One day crop seminar 1 *85
Demonstration – Carnation fumigation & precision
Δ
production technology 2 36
Demonstration – Dry flower product making 1 ®25
$
Closing Workshop 1 250
Total 71 3798
In respect of the number of beneficiaries trained, the achievement through the project is 18.68 %
higher than the target of the project which is 3200.
S. Particulars Jasmine Marigold Carnation Dry flowers
No. (Protected
cultivation)
1. Income Rs. 2,30,517/ha Rs. 40,271/ha Rs.1,67,000 -
enhancement /500m2
(Net)
2. Additional No. 2500 5000 150 -
of farmers (@Area expansion (@Area (@Area
taking up of 1000 ha; expansion of expansion of
average farm 2000 ha; average 25 ha; average
floriculture holding of 1 acre farm holding of farm holding of
activities per farmer) 1 acre per farmer) 2000 sq.m. per
grower)
3. Entrepreneur- 6 new exporters - - 2
ship entrepreneurs
development
22
Training programmes conducted
Growers' training on jasmine
Hands on training on jasmine
Entrepreneurial training on jasmine
Growers' training on marigold
Growers' training on carnation
23
Training programmes conducted
Hands' on training on Dry flowers
Entrepreneurial training on Dry flowers
Commodity group formation
Stakeholder's meet
Madurai malli Incubator
24
Faculty training
Under the faculty training programme, 11 project staff as two groups underwent training
programme on "General Greenhouse management" at Horticulture Training Centre, Pune.
The following five project staff attended the training held between 2nd and 7th February 2009.
1. Dr. M. Ganga,Assistant Professor (Hort.) - CoPI
2. Dr. P. Muthulakshmi,Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology) -Associating Scientist
3. Dr. N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Professor (Agrl. Marketing) -Associating Scientist
4. Mr. N. Elango,AVT Natural Products Pvt. Ltd - CCPI
5. Mr. T.R. Thilak Kumar, M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd. - CCPI
The following six project staff attended the training held between 27th February 2010 and 7th March
2010.
1. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Professor & Head (Floriculture) - CPI
2. Dr. M. Kannan, Professor (Hort.) - CoPI
3. Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram, Professor (Agrl. Entomology) -Associating Scientist
4. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari,Assistant Professor (Hort.) -Associating Scientist
5. Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, M/s. Vanguard Exports - CCPI
6. Dr. B. Senthamilzselvi,Assistant Professor (Hort.), HRS, Kodaikanal
Contributors : Lead Centre & All Consortium Partners
iv) Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkages and supply chain
management in flowers for domestic and export trade
Database creation
The following information has been collected and documented for database creation.
v Area production and productivity of flowers in India
v District-wise area, production and productivity of flowers in Tamil Nadu (2005-06)
v District-wise area, production and productivity of Jasminum grandiflorum, Jasminum sambac
and Jasminum auriculatum in Tamil Nadu (2005-06)
v Quantity and value of flowers export from India (2010)
Supply chain management
Value chains of the focus crops (jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers) were analysed.
Details of the analysis are furnished under the chapter 'Value chain analysis' (S.No.6)
Apart from this, a website has been created exclusively for NAIP to update and disseminate
information on different activities of the project. This website gives information on precision
production technologies of different flower crops (jasmine, marigold and carnation), forthcoming
trainings, conferences, workshops and contact details etc. Video documentation of precision
technologies on focus crops of the project has been done.
Contributors : Lead Centre & All Consortium Partners
6. Value chain analysis

A complete analysis of the value chains pertaining to the three crops viz., jasmine, marigold and
carnation and one value added product viz., dry flowers which are the focus crops of this project was
made, with respect to the prevailing marketing channels, economics of production, price spread, the
various stakeholders in each marketing channel and marketing efficiency of the various channels.
Salient features of the analysis are furnished below.
25
Value chain on jasmine
Jasmine is one of the important flower crops in Tamil Nadu and is mainly cultivated in Erode,
Dindigul, Kanyakumari, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar
and Trichy districts of the state. Following six value chains were identified in the study area in
marketing of jasmine.
Value chain I : Producer ® CommissionAgent ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain II : Producer ® CommissionAgent ® Wholesaler ®Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain III : Producer ® Wholesaler ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain IV : Producer® CommissionAgent ® Processor
Value chain V : Producer ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain VI : Producer ® Exporter Retailer ® Consumer
The channels II and III were the important channels of jasmine flower trade in the study area, since
major share (more than 60 %) of jasmine flowers was marketed through these channels.
Economics of jasmine production
To know the economics of Jasmine cultivation, information on cost and returns for jasmine flower
crop was collected through interview method. It is found that cost of the jasmine cultivation under
conventional and precision farming is Rs. 3,11,476 and Rs. 4,90,959 per hectare respectively. The
estimated net income worked out to be Rs. 3,08,524 and Rs. 5,39,041 per hectare respectively under
conventional and precision farming system.
Price spread of jasmine
Price spread of jasmine (Amount in Rs. per kg)
S.
Particulars Channel I Channel II Channel III Channel IV Channel V
No
1 Producer
Gross price
A 74.50 (56.22) 74.50 (40.4) 78.00 (37.08) 45.00 (100) 75.00 (58.36)
received
B Marketing cost 9.00 (6.79) 9.00 (4.89) 9.00 (4.27) 7.00 (15.55) 0.00 (0.00)
C Net price received 65.50 (49.43) 65.50 (35.60) 87.00 (41.36) 38.00 (84.44) 75.00 (58.36)
Commission
2
agent*
3 Wholesaler - - - -
Purchase price - 74.50 (40.4) 87.00 (41.36) - -
Marketing cost - 3.25 (1.76) 3.25 (1.54) - -
Marketing Margin - 35.00 (19.02) 45.00 (21.39) - -
Sale price - 112.75 (61.28) 135.25 (64.30) - -
5 Processor - - - 45.00 (100) -
6 Retailer - -
A Purchase price 74.50 (56.22) 112.75 (61.28) 135.25 (64.30) - 75.00 (58.36)
B Marketing cost 14.00 (10.50) 15.06 (8.18) 15.06 (7.16) - 10.00 (7.78)
C Marketing Margin 43.50 (32.83) 56.16 (30.52) 60.00 (28.50) - 43.50 (33.85)
D Sale price 132.50 (100) 183.97 (100) 189.75 (100) - 128.50 (100)
Price paid by the 210.31 (100) -
4 132.50 (100) 183.97 (100) 128.50 (100)
Consumer
5 Price spread 58.00 (43.77) 109.47 (59.50) 132.31 (62.91) - 53.50 (41.63)
Marketing -
6 5.76 6.73 7.70 12.85
efficiency
*Not present in commodity group
Producer
From the above table it could be inferred that producer was getting Rs. 65.50 per kg of jasmine in
Channels I and II and in Channels III, IV and V the producer received net price of Rs. 87, Rs. 38 and 75
26
per kg respectively. Therefore producer's share in the consumer's rupee was found to be 49.43, 35.60,
41.36, 84.44 and 58.36 per cent respectively. Marketing cost incurred by the producer was Rs. 9 per kg
in Channels I, II, III and IV but in Channel V marketing cost is nil because retailer directly purchase the
flowers from the producer. Among these, Channel V gives highest net price (Rs. 75) to the producer
which was 58.36 per cent of the consumer's rupee. Apart from this, the Channel VI (Export channel)
gives a net price of Rs. 120 per kg to the producer but very few farmer's were selling their produce under
this channel because of quality of production requirements.
Commission agent
Commission agents receive a commission of 2-3 per cent from the wholesalers and retailers
respectively.
Wholesaler
The wholesalers (Channels II and III) incurred Rs. 3.25 per kg as marketing cost and get the
marketing margin of Rs. 35 and Rs. 45 per kg of flowers.
Retailers
The marketing cost incurred by the retailers in various channels worked out to be Rs. 14, Rs. 15.06,
Rs. 15.06 and Rs. 10 per kg whereas the marketing margins worked out to be Rs. 43.50, Rs. 56.16, Rs.
60 and Rs. 43.50 per kg respectively for the Channels I, II, III and IV respectively and this accounts for
32.83, 30.52, 28.50, and 33.85 per cent of the Consumer's rupee.
Consumers
Consumers purchased the flowers from the final retailers for Rs. 132.50, Rs. 183.97, Rs. 210.31 and
Rs. 128.50 in the Channels I, II, III and V respectively.
Processors
Jasmine concrete extractors in and around Sathyamangalam and Coimbatore area were procuring
the flowers from market as well as from farm gate at a price of Rs. 40 - 60 per kg particularly during
evening hours because flower price generally declines in the evening hours.
Grading and standardization
Jasmine flowers brought to the market early in the morning fetch a higher price rather than the flower
brought to the market during later part of the day. Those flowers brought to the market in the evening
may not fetch a good price because the quality in terms of size and color of the flower may not be as like
in the morning arriving flowers. Generally, flowers are graded based on unopened bud size, corolla tube
length and freshness. Usually, opened flowers are taken to the concrete extraction units.
Packaging and handling
After harvesting, the flowers are packed in the gunny bags and transported to the flower market;
where flowers will be auctioned and then flowers are packed in the large sized gunny bags with proper
ventilation. Later, flowers were loaded in the minivan and sent to Bengaluru market by road. From
Coimbatore airport, flowers were sent to Hyderabad market by air transport. Before loading the flowers
in the van, flowers were pre cooled (sprinkling of cool water) for few hours (one to two hours) in the
market yard itself.
Transportation
S. No Particulars Transportation Mode
1 Farm gate® Flower market Two wheeler, bicycle, bus.
Flower market ® Coimbatore, Trucks, refrigerated trucks, Air
2
Hyderabad, Bengaluru
3 Coimbatore ® Dubai, USA market Air
Flowermarket ® processing
4 Trucks, vans
industries (Mettupalayam)
27
Role of commodity group in jasmine marketing
Two commodity groups were formed and one flower growers association was strengthened, so as to
facilitate better marketing of flowers. The two commodity groups were formed at Kallipalayam
(Kallipalayam Village Flower Growers Association, Coimbatore district) and Nilakottai (Nilakottai
Flower Growers Association, Dindigul district). Each of these two groups has 40 Jasmine growers as
members.
The flower growers' association at Sathyamangalam viz, Tamil Nadu Flower Growers' Association
with 3000 members was linked with the project. The members of the commodity groups and the flower
growers association have unique membership cards and numbers. The group collects Rs. 3/- per
kilogram of jasmine flowers from the farmers as marketing fee through which a corpus fund is operated
to facilitate smooth functioning of the commodity groups. The associations have taken a group
insurance to members through whom they can claim financial benefit in case of catastrophe during
transportation of the flowers to the markets. The commodity group has created infrastructure with
equipments such as weighing machine, steel trays for spreading the flowers and water tank for pre
cooling of the flowers before packaging into gunny bags especially for long distance transportation.
Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among jasmine farmers
It is revealed from the impact study on technology adoption, the adoption level of recommended
production technologies were present in the following order (high to low) such as adopting proper
spacing (89%), pruning (85%), soil and water test (67%), fertigation scheduling (64%), pest and
disease identification (46%), application of growth regulators (53%), and pre-cooling (43%). It could
be inferred from the above results that majority of the trained farmers were regular in adopting
technologies.
Conclusion
Among the different channels of jasmine marketing, Channel V (producer to retailer to consumer)
was found to be the most efficient having higher marketing efficiency of 12.85 per cent with lowest
price spread (53.50 %), because of the non-involvement of the commission agent and wholesaler in this
channel and retailers were directly purchasing from the producers and also in this channel producer did
not incurred any marketing cost. Finally, net price received by the producer is Rs. 75 per kilogram
which is the highest among all other channels.
Value chain on marigold
Marigold is valued as a loose flower for making garlands and also it is used to extract the
Xanthophyll for export purpose. ICAR-NAIP consortium partner M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. is
involved in contract farming of marigold for Xanthophyll production. Following four supply chains
were identified in the study area in case of marigold marketing.
Value chain I : Producer ® CommissionAgent ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain II : Producer ® CommissionAgent ® Wholesaler ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain III : Producer ® Wholesaler ® Retailer ® Consumer
Value chain IV : Producer ® Processor
The Channels III and IV are important in trade of marigold in the study area because major portion of
the produce was marketed through these channels. Channel IV where in the farmers were selling the
flowers directly to the processor through the contract farming was strengthened through the NAIP-
project in collaboration with the Consortium Partner M/s.AVT Naturals Products Ltd,.
Economics of marigold production
Total expenditure incurred in marigold cultivation is Rs. 59,136 per hectare under conventional
farming system and Rs. 77,275 per hectare under precision farming system. Net profit is Rs. 79,024 per
28
hectare under conventional farming and Rs. 1,19,295 per hectare under precision farming. By spending
an extra amount of Rs. 18,139 per hectare towards adopting specific technologies developed through
NAIP, the farmer has got an additional net income of Rs. 40,271 per hectare.
Price Spread of Marigold
Price spread of marigold (Amount in Rs / Quintal)
Particulars Channel I Channel II Channel III Channel IV

Producer
Gross Price 400 (59.52) 400 (47.90) 450 (49.07) 600
Marketing cost 27.5 (4.09) 27.5 (3.29) 27.5 (2.99) -
Net price 372.5 (55.43) 372.5 (44.61) 422.5 (46.07) 600
Commission Agent - - - -
Wholesaler - -
Purchase price - 400 (47.90) 450 (49.07) -
Marketing cost - 10 (1.19) 12 (1.30) -
Marketing margin - 100 (11.97) 125 (13.63) -
Sale price - 510 (61.07) 587 (64.01) -
Processor - - - 600
Retailer
Purchase price 400 (59.52) 510 (61.07) 587 (64.01) -
Marketing cost 22 (3.27) 25 (2.99) 30 (3.27) -
Marketing margin 250 (37.20) 300 (35.92) 300 (32.71) -
Sale price 672 (100) 835 (100) 917 (100) -
Price paid by
672 835 917 -
consumer
Price spread 272 (40.47) 435 (52.09) 467 (50.92) -
Marketing efficiency 12.57 12.36 12.19 -
Producer
From the above table, it could be inferred that the producer was getting a net price of Rs.
372.5/quintal of marigold in Channels I and II and Rs. 422.5 and Rs. 600 in Channels III and IV
respectively. Marketing cost incurred by the producer is Rs. 27.5 in all the three channels, but in
Channel IV marketing cost is nil because they directly sell the flowers to processor through contract
farming. The Channel IV gives the highest net price (Rs. 600) to the producer because of the contract
farming arrangement between producer and processor.
Commission agent
A commission agent does not take the title of the flowers traded and he receives the commission of
2-3 per cent from the wholesaler and retailer.
Wholesaler
The wholesalers incurs marketing cost of Rs. 10 and Rs. 12 and gets the marketing margin of Rs. 100
and Rs. 125 which is 11.97 and 13.63 per cent of consumer's price in Channels II and III respectively.
Retailer
The marketing cost incurred by the retailers in various channels worked out to be Rs. 22, Rs. 25, and
Rs. 30 whereas marketing margins worked out to be Rs. 250, Rs. 300, and Rs. 300 respectively for the
Channels I, II and III. This accounts for 37.20, 35.92, and 32.71 per cent of the consumer's price.
29
Consumers
Consumers purchase the flowers from the final retailers for Rs. 672, Rs. 835 and Rs. 917 in Channels
I, II and III respectively.
Processors
M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. Sathyamangalam is involved in contract farming of marigold for
xanthophyll production and they are directly purchasing the flowers from producers at Rs. 600 per
quintal.
In absence of scientific grading and sorting mechanism, the flowers are graded into different classes
based on colour and flower size.
After harvesting, the flowers are packed in the gunny bags and transported to the flower market.
From the flower market, flowers were packed in large sized gunny bags with proper ventilation and
transported to the Bangaluru, Hyderabad and Coimbatore markets. Before packing, the flowers are pre
cooled for four hours in the market yard itself. Some of the trained farmers were using the packaging
technology developed through NAIP.
Transportation
S. No Particulars Transportation Mode

1. Farm gate ® Flower market Two wheeler, bicycle, bus.
2. Flower market ® Coimbatore Hyderabad, Bengaluru Trucks, refrigerated trucks
3. Farm gate ®Processing industry (Sathyamangalam)- Trucks, vans
Strengthening of contract farming in marigold cultivation
Marigold flowers are marketed mostly in the local markets through three different channels. But the
farmers are affected by exploitation of middlemen, lack of assured price and timely availability of
inputs. To eliminate all those constraints, NAIP has intervened in marigold marketing by strengthening
contract farming mechanism by way of creating awareness through different training programmes. In
contract farming system harvesting is done by farmers and transportation and processing are done by
M/s AVT Natural Product's Ltd., Sathyamangalam and the farmers are getting assured price of Rs. 6 per
kg, timely inputs, advanced technologies and consultancy services from sponsoring firms. Because of
price assurance, the area under contract farming has increased from 2000 ha in 2008 to 6000 ha in 2013.
Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among the marigold farmers
Under the NAIP scheme, trainings were given to the farmers in different aspects of marigold
cultivation such as production, post harvest and marketing. The impact study revealed the adoption
level of recommended technologies such as soil and water test (40%), use of bio-fertilizers (77%),
précised transplanting (80%), application of micronutrients (47%), pest and disease identification
(60%) and use of bio-pesticides (77%).
Conclusion
Channel IV (producer to processor) is the most efficient one because the producer receives higher
price (Rs. 600 per quintal) through contract farming system where the farmers are directly linked to the
processor by eliminating the middlemen in the market channel. Most of the farmers in the study area
have adopted technologies developed through the NAIP Project.
Value chain of carnation
Following six value chains of carnation were identified in the study area.
Value chain I : Producer ® CommissionAgent ® Wholesaler ® Retailer ® Consumer
30
Value chain II : Producer ®Wholesaler ®Consumer
Value chain III : Producer ® Local trader ®Wholesaler ® Consumer
Value chain IV : Producer ® Wholesaler® Exporter ® Consumer
Value chain V : Producer ® Exporter® Consumer
More than 70 per cent of carnation flower is marketed through Channels I, II, and III. Channels IV
and V are mainly used for export of flowers to foreign countries.
Economics of carnation cultivation (500 sq.m)
The fixed cost for carnation cultivation is Rs.4.88 lakhs for 500 m2 greenhouse area. Total variable
cost per crop was Rs. 3.83 lakhs, among the variable costs, planting material cost alone was 28 per cent
of the total variable cost. Growers were getting a gross income of Rs. 5.51 lakhs and a net income of Rs.
1.67 lakhs from carnation cultivation in an area of 500 m2 .
Carnation flowers are graded based on stalk length, stem thickness and flower size as grades A, B
and C.
After grading, the flowers are bunched in two layers with 20 flowers per bunch for standard
carnation types and 10 stems per bunch (consisting of 35 opened or partially opened flowers) for spray
carnation types. Most of the growers are using butter paper covers for packaging of carnation flowers
which was recommended through training programme and few growers are using newspaper covers for
packaging of flowers.
Transportation
Flowers harvested from various interior fields of Nilgiris are collected by the agents of wholesalers
and sent to local collection point at Ooty, from where the flowers are sent to Bengaluru market through
trucks. From the Bengaluru market, the wholesalers are sending the flower to domestic retailers and
export markets.
Marketing
Carnation is marketed through middlemen at fixed price (A grade @ Rs. 3.60/stem, B grade @ Rs.
3.00/stem and C grade @ R. 1/stem) or directly to the wholesaler and retailer at daily market price. The
growers are affected by unorganized marketing systems coupled with lack of marketing information
and price fluctuation. To eliminate these problems, daily market information is seak directly to the
growers through mobile phone.
Marketing efficiency
Marketing is said to be efficient, if the total marketing margins are higher per unit of marketing cost.
The marketing efficiency of the various value chains of Carnation was estimated using Calkin's index.
Marketing efficiency of carnation by using Calkin's index
S. Sum of Sum of Marketing
Market Channel marketing cost
No profit Efficiency
1 Value chain I 1.53 2.50 1.61
2 Value chain II 1.55 1.95 1.79
3 Value chain III 1.30 2.00 1.65
The results of marketing efficiency analysis presented in the above table revealed that the marketing
efficiency was relatively high for the Value chain II. In this chain, the number of intermediaries was
less, hence the wholesaler can directly purchase from growers. Hence Value chain II is the most
efficient.
31
Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among carnation growers
Impact study revealed the adoption level of the recommended technologies namely soil and water
test (57%), fumigation and bed preparation technologies (97%), fertigation schedule (70%), proper
planting methods (60%), pinching and micronutrient spray (50%), pest and disease identification
(47%), proper harvesting and disbudding (100%) and Borax spray to control calyx splitting (100%).
Conclusion
Value chain II gives higher profit to the growers because of the higher marketing efficiency (1.76)
and lower marketing cost (Rs. 1.90/stem) and this Channel II is promoted through fixed price marketing
to give assured price to the growers. Majority of the growers have adopted technologies recommended
under the NAIP projects training programmes.
Dry flowers
Sourcing of raw materials
Dry flowers are being produced and exported to foreign countries by one of the Consortium
Partners, M/s. Salem Spices. For dry flower production, raw materials are sourced from different places
both within and outside the state (West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh). In Tamil Nadu raw materials
are sourced from various places such as Dindigul, Tuticorin, Yercaud, Rameswaram and Cuddalore.
From different places the raw materials are brought to the processing factory at Mathur in Puthukottai
district by trucks and train cargo. Before intervention by NAIP, major part of the raw materials was
procured from outside Tamil Nadu and this increased the cost of sourcing and transportation. Through
NAIP intervention 44 new species have been identified from the native flora of Tamil Nadu, and this has
considerably reduced the cost involved in sourcing and transportation.
Processing
Before intervention by NAIP, the raw materials were processed using conventional processing
technologies. After intervention by NAIP, the raw materials are being processed using advanced
drying, glycerinization, bleaching and dyeing technologies through which the quality of product has
improved. Further, 72 new products have been developed out of which 20 products have been found
ideal for export market and 52 for domestic market. Thus the NAIP intervention has improved the
product portfolio of the partner, both at domestic and export markets.
Marketing
Dry flower products of the Consortium Partner were initially being exported only to USA, Europe
and South American markets. However after intervention by NAIP, the products are also marketed in
domestic markets. For export market, safe packaging technology has been developed through NAIP to
minimize the transportation loss. After NAIP intervention, value of export by the unit has increased
from Rs. 4.3 crore to Rs. 9.5 crore and the value of domestic market has increased from Rs. 8 lakhs to Rs
12 lakhs per annum.
Diagrammatic depictions of Value chains
The status of the floriculture value chain with respect to the focus crops of this project at the point of
time of proposing the present project (2008), in comparison with possible projections at the end of
project period (2014) is depicted in the following value chain.
32
The various missing links identified in the value chains based on preliminary interactions with
stakeholders and baseline analysis, the interventions proposed through this project to ameliorate the
constraints identified and the outcome of the various interventions made in the project are indicated for
the individual focus crops in the following flow diagrams.
Flow diagram on jasmine value chain
33
Flow diagram on marigold value chain
Flow diagram on carnation value chain
34
Flow diagram on dry flowers value chain
After completion of the proposed objectives of the project viz., taking up need-based research to
develop improved production, post harvest and value addition technologies; dissemination of the
developed technologies to the relevant stakeholders and facilitation of market linkages, a flow diagram
comparing the status of the value chain before and after the project's intervention was prepared which is
furnished below.
35
The outcome of the interventions made in the project and steps taken for sustainability of the project
are depicted in the following two-way table.
A comparison was made between status of the focus crops before and after intervention, in terms of
area, production and value.
36
7. Innovation
Export packaging technology for Jasminum sambac Ait. for long
distance market
An export packaging technology was developed with the objective of
minimizing the high post harvest losses (40%) encountered during transit.
Jasmine buds are harvested early in the morning before 7.00am at fully
developed tight bud stage. The buds are then value added (ie. made into
strings) for exporting to USA market. The strings are cut into pieces of 30
cm length and are subjected to post harvest chemical treatment by dipping
in boric acid @ 4%. Then the strings are surface dried and packed in small
aluminium lined cardboard boxes of dimension 11 x 13.5 x 4 cm and
further lined with butter paper. Five pieces of strings forming around 150
cm together are packed in one small box and these boxes are then packed in
thermocol box of dimension 60 x 45 x 30 cm lined with aluminium foil in
three layers comprising of 24 boxes with 8 boxes per layer and in between
each layer ice gel sheets are placed. Finally, the top layer is covered with
aluminium foil and the boxes are closed and covered with brown sealing
tape. The whole packages thus prepared are then sent for airlifting to USA
market.
Impact
v Shelf life of flowers increased to 72 hours against 36 hours in normal packaging system
v Instead of shredded ice packed in polythene cover, use of ice gel sheets in between the small boxes
reduced the weight and volume of the packages of export. The use of ice gel sheets in the boxes
creates low temperature (4 to 160C; 40C during packaging and 160C during unpacking at
destination) and uniform distribution of chillness and moisture in the packs helps in increasing the
shelf life.
v Post harvest losses were reduced from 40% to 10% and the export volume increased to 1000 kg/
day in 2013 (100%) from 500kg/day in 2008.
v Before NAIP intervention, the net profit gained was only Rs. 9,250/day, and after the intervention
it increased to Rs. 17,500/day.
v Further, 6 new exporters of jasmine flowers were promoted in Tamil Nadu
Comparison of treated and untreated flowers after unpacking
Treated flowers UnTreated flowers
37
8. Process/ Product/Technology Developed
(Process/Product Responsible
S. Adoption/ Validation/ Commercialization, etc.
/Technology Partner
No.
Developed
1. Export ? Reduced post harvest loss (40 to 10%) TNAU &
packaging ? Increase in export volume M/s.
technology for Dubai : from 600 to 900 kg/day (5days/week) Vanguard
jasmine USA : from 500 to 1000 kg/day Exports
(from 1 day to 2 days/week)
? Increase in net profit
Dubai : from Rs.2,250 to Rs.9,250/day
USA : from Rs.9,250 to Rs.17,250/day
2. Precision ? Increase in yield: TNAU
production from 7.48 t/ha to 12.41 t/ha (66 % increase)
technology for ? Increase in concrete recovery: from 0.19% to 0.22%
jasmine ? Reduced incidence of bud worm:
from 39.70% to 4.53%
3. Precision ? Increase in yield: TNAU &
production from 25.12 t/ha to 35.74 t/ha (42.27% increase) M/s. AVT
technology for ? Increase in xanthophyll content: Natural
marigold from 1.44g to 1.99g (38.19% increase) Products
? Increase in price of flowers: Ltd.
from Rs.2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013)
4. Precision ? Increase in productivity: TNAU &
production from 12 to 16 flower stems/plant/crop M/s. Elkhill
technology for ? Reduced incidence of calyx splitting Agrotech
carnation from 32.63 to 3.13% Pvt. Ltd.
? Increase of ‘A’ grade flowers: from70% to 84%
? Increase in price of ‘A’ grade flowers
from Rs.3 to Rs.3.60 /flower stem
5. Improved dry ? Identified 44 new native plant species TNAU &
flower ? Developed 72 new products M/s. Salem
production ? Increase in value of export: Spices Pvt.
technology from Rs.4.3 crore to Rs.9.5 crore /year Ltd.
? New countries viz., Europe and South America
included for export
? Increase in value of domestic trade :
from Rs.6-8 lakhs to Rs. 12 lakhs / year
38
9. Patents (Filed/Granted)
S. Title of Patent Inventor(s) (Name & Address) Filed/Publis Responsible
No. hed/Granted Partner
(No./Date)
1. Export packaging Jawaharlal, M.1, Filed TNAU &
technology for S. P. Thamaraiselvi 2, (1370/CHE M/s.Vanguard
jasmine (Jasminum M. Ganga3 and K. Sethumadhavan4 /2010 dt. Exports,
sambac Ait.) flowers ? 1 to 3 - Dept. of Floriculture & 14.05.2010) Coimbatore
Landscaping, HC & RI, TNAU
? 4 - M/s Vanguard Exports
(Consortium Partner)
10. Linkages and Collaborations
Sl.
Organization Nature of linkage developed
No.
1. M/s. AVT Natural Products Pvt. CCPI - Contract farming system of AVT was refined
Ltd., Erode Dt., Tamil Nadu through various research and training programmes of the
project
2. M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., CCPI - Dry flower technologies originally adopted by the
Salem, Tamil Nadu partners were refined through research taken up under the
project and facilitated export promotion
3. M/s. Vanguard Exports, CCPI - Export packaging technology for jasmine originally
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu adopted by the partner was improved scientifically through
research, enabling export to distant overseas markets (USA)
4. M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd., CCPI - Research taken up in the project resulted in
The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu improved production technology for carnation in the state
5. KVK, UPASI, The Nilgiris Dt.,
Tamil Nadu Associate Partners - Training programmes of the project
6. Deepam Self Help Group, have led to improved collaborations with Self Help Groups
Kotagiri, The Nilgiris Dt., Tamil involved in floriculture
Nadu
7. State Horticultural Department, Facilitated identification of beneficiaries for training

Tamil Nadu programmes
8. HTC, Pune Offered Faculty Training on ‘Green house management’
9. NABARD, Salem Offered consultancy on financial assistance to commercial
floriculture ventures to growers and entrepreneurs
10. Canara Bank, Coimbatore
11. State Bank of India, Coimbatore
12. Tamil Nadu Flower Grower’s Commodity group strengthened - Tamil Nadu Flower
Association at Sathyamangalam, Growers’ Association at Sathyamangalam, Erode District.
Erode District Registered S. No. 41/2007
13. Dindigul District Flower Commodity group formed - Dindigul District Flower
Grower’s Association at Growers’ Association at Nilakottai, Dindigul District
Nilakottai, Dindigul District Registered S. No. 159/2010
39
14. NESTHAM, Vijayawada, Andhra Institute for Sustainable Development of Marginalized - To
Pradesh promote jasmine cultivation in Andhra Pradesh
15. Madurai Malli Incubator & Jasmine Export Packaging Technology developed through
Madurai Malli Development the project is being disseminated to growers and
Council, Agricultural College and entrepreneurs in Madurai area in collaboration with MMI &
Research Institute, Madurai MMDC at Madurai
16. Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co- Collaborated for transfer of technology on precision
operative Ltd., Sathyamangalam, production and export packaging technology of jasmine
Erode Dt.
17. Thengumarahada Co-operative 250 farmers linked with M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd.,
Farmers’ Society, the Nilgiris Dt. (CP) under contract farming system for marigold
18. Madurai Malli Producers’ Society formed through MMDC & ABD Unit, AC&RI
Society, Madurai Madurai with 22 members
11. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework
Project activities Issues Mitigation measures
Environmental
Research on protected Disposal of Recycling of cladding materials is
cultivation technologies of greenhouse cladding advocated through training
flowers material
Hazards to workers ? Appropriate training was given to
due to use of greenhouse managers and workers to
chemicals in a closed take up protective measures
environment ? Eco-friendly pest and disease
management methods which use less
chemicals have been standardized
Raw materials for dry Possibility of Around 44 local plant species have been
flower making exploitation of forest identified for cultivation & use for dry
resources flower product making. This can help to
reduce exploitation of forest resource
Social
Organizing training Conflicts arising Final selection of beneficiaries was made
programmes, among growers in in consultation with the State Department
demonstrations and beneficiary selection Officials, SHGs and Flower Growers’
exposure visits for flower for exposure visits Association
growers / growers’
associations
Imparting training on Possibilities of child Through the training programmes,
preparation of value added labour employing child labour was discouraged
products to women folk
and unemployed youth
12.Constraints, if any and remedial measures taken
Sl.
Constraints Remedial measures taken
No.
1. Procedural difficulties in purchase of Hexane was purchased following systematic
hexane (an explosive) for jasmine procedures with the support of the University
concrete extraction pilot plant
40
13. Publications
Abstract of publications made*
Sl. No. Publications Nos.

1. Research paper 17
2. Book 4
3. Book chapter 6
4. Thesis 15
5. Popular article (English) 5
6. News paper article 26
7. Abstracts 27
8. Manual 1
9. Lead paper presentation 6
10. Popular article (other language) 5
Few important publications in peer reviewed journals are given below.

A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals
S. Authors, Title of the paper, NAAS Responsible
No Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No. Ratings Partner
1. Jawaharlal M , Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga, M. 2013. TNAU &
M/s. Salem
Standardization for drying, bleaching and dyeing process in 3.6 Spices Pvt. Ltd.
dried flowers. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 8 (1): 65 - 69
2. Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Ganga, M and Varadharaju TNAU &
M/s. Vanguard
N. 2010. Packaging technology for long term storage of Exports
3.7
jasmine ( Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Journal of
Ornamental Horticulture 13 (3): 171 -181.
3. Karthikeyan S , Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2009. Effect of TNAU &
M/s. Elkhill
boron on calyx splitting in Carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus 3.7 Agrotech Pvt.
Linn.). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 12(4): 269-273. Ltd.
B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc

S Authors, Name of the book, Publisher, Year Responsib
No le partner
Jawaharlal M, Ganga M, Padmadevi K, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S. TNAU
1. 2010. A Technical Guide on Carnation, p 56 Sri Sakthi Publications,
Coimbatore. (ISBN No 819080809-5)
2. Jawaharlal M. 2012. Tamil compendium on “Hi -tech flower cultivation”, p TNAU
100 Sri Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore. (ISBN No. 819233063-X)
41
14. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
S. CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc , (Year wise) No. of Distrib Responsible
No. copies ution partner
1. Folders (10 Nos.) 5000 5000

2 Leaflets/Handouts (8 Nos.) 4000 4000
TNAU & all
3. CDs (3 Nos.) 150 150 Consortium
Partners
4. Videos (5 Nos.) 250 250
5. Technical Bulletins (4 Nos.) 400 400
* List of media products given in Annexure I
15. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc organized
S. Details of Duration No. of Budget Organizer
No. Meetings/Seminars/ (From-To) Personnel (Rs. in (Name &
Trainings, etc. Trained lakhs) Address)
1. Production and post 12.12.08, 25.02.09, 22.10.09 & 437 0.78 TNAU &
harvest technology 23.10.09, 28.01.10, 07.01.11, M/s. Elkhill
Agrotech Pvt.
of carnation 11.03.11, 18.11.11 & 10.02.12, Ltd.
06.12.12 & 07.12.12,
01.08.13 & 02.08.13
2. Production and post 26.12.08, 11.02.10, 31.03.11 & 186 0.09 TNAU
harvest technology 12.11.11
of jasmine
3. Production and post 26.03.09, 24.02.10, 04.02.11 & 309 0.69 TNAU &
harvest technology 11.11.11 M/s. AVT
Natural
of marigold 04.01.13 & 05.01.13 Products Ltd.
25.07.13 & 26.07.13
4. Hands on training on 05.03.09 & 06.03.09, 23.03.09 809 1.23 M/s. Vanguard
value addition of & 24.03.09, 25.02.10 & Exports
jasmine to women 26.02.10, 30.03.10 & 31.03.10,
and unemployed 10.03.11 & 11.03.11, 23.03.11
youth & 24.03.11, 13.07.11 &
14.07.11, 13.10.11 &14.10.11
28.12.12 & 29.12.12
14.03.13 & 15.03.13
10.05.13 & 11.05.13
5. Entrepreneurial skill 20.01.09 & 21.01.09, 25.09.09 164 0.48 M/s. Vanguard
development training & 26.09.09, 02.09.10 & Exports
programme on value 03.09.10, 31.1.12 &1.2.12
addition and export 12.12.13 & 13.12.13
promotion of
jasmine
6. Hands on training on 15.12.08 &16.12.08, 04.08.09 & 438 1.23 M/s. Salem
dry flower 05.08.09, 27.02.09 & 28.02.09, Spices Pvt.
Ltd.
technology to 30.11.09 & 01.12.09, 18.08.10
women and & 19.08.10, 17.02.11 &
unemployed youth 18.02.11, 20.10.11 & 21.10.11,
27.01.12 & 28.01.12
16.11.12 & 17.11.12
12.07.13 & 13.07.13
06.12.13 & 07.12.13
42
7. Entrepreneurial skill 20.03.09 & 21.03.09, 19.01.10 240 0.24 M/s. Salem
development training & 20.01.10, 12.12.10 & Spices Pvt.
Ltd.
programme on 13.12.10, 13.02.12 & 14.02.12
processing of dry
flowers
8. Commodity group 04.12.09 & 05.12.09, 28.07.10 154 0.24 TNAU
formation, & 29.07.10, 22.3.12 & 23.3.12
community 28.03.12 & 29.03.12
organization and its
empowerment
9. Stake holders’ meet 19.12.12 450 0.50 TNAU
10. Jasmine concrete 24.07.12, 17.08.12 & 13.08.13 61 0.75 TNAU
extraction
demonstration
11. Training for 07.05.13 & 08.05.13 38 0.00 TNAU
stakeholders from 21.08.13
Andhra Pradesh
12. Exposure visit to 22.08.13 to 24.08.13 30 0.00 TNAU
flower growers
13. MMDC jasmine 23.08.12 & 24.08.12 86 0.00 TNAU &
training 26.09.12 & 27.09.12 AC & RI,
Madurai
16.10.12 & 17.10.12
14. One day crop 11.06.13 85 0.00 TNAU &
seminar IFFCO,
Sathya-
mangalam
15. Demonstration – 05.12.13 & 04.01.14 36 0.40
M/s. Elkhill
Carnation Agrotech Pvt.
fumigation & Ltd.
precision production
technology
16. Demonstration – Dry 11.01.14 25 0.10 M/s. Salem
Spices Pvt.
flower products Ltd.
making
17. Closing workshop 26.03.14 250 1.50 TNAU
Total 3798 8.23
16. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.

Sl. Particulars Nos.
No.
1. Workshop 8
2. Seminar/ Symposium 3
3. Conference 10
4. National Training 4
5. Meetings 5
6. Radio talk 2
7. TV Talk 4
43
A few of the above are listed below.
S. Details of Meetings/Seminars/ Duration Participant
No. Trainings/Radio talk, etc. (Name &Address) (From-To) (Name & Address)
1. National level workshop on ‘Status and Future 23.01.09 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
strategies of Horticulture development’ held at 25.01.09
Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port
Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
2. MDP workshop on “Public Private Partnership 19.07.09 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
for Innovation in Agriculture” at Indian Institute 26.07.09 Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI
of Management (IIM), Lucknow, UP
3. Seminar on ‘Advanced production technology of 18.01. 09 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
cut roses’ in the 27 th All India Rose Convention 19.01.09 Dr. M. Ganga, Co-PI
and International Rose seminar at Ooty
4. National Symposium on “Life style floriculture” 17.03.10 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
– challenges and opportunities at Solan 22.03.10 Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI
5. International Conference on Horticulture (ICH) at 8.11.09 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
Bengaluru 12.11.09 Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI
Dr. M. Ganga, Co-PI
6. National Seminar on “Recent trends and future 15.03.11- Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI Dr.
prospects in Floriculture” held at, Meerut 18.03.11 M. Kannan, Co-PI
7. International Symposium on “Quality 21.02.12 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
management in supply chain of ornamentals, 24.02.12 Mr. N. Elango, CCPI
2012” at Bangkok, Thailand
8. Global Conference on "Horticulture for Food, 28.05.12 - Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
Nutrition and Livelihood Options" held at Orissa 31.05.12 Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI
University of Agriculture and Technology,
Bhubaneswar
9. Discussion for exploring joint collaborative 24.07.13 & Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
research programme in Floriculture between 25.07.13
Malaysian BiotechCorp, Malaysia and TNAU,
India
17. Foreign Trainings/ Undertaken (National/ International): -Nil-
18. Performance Indicators
S. No. Indicator Total No.
1. No. of production technologies released and/or adopted 27
2. No. of post harvest technologies released and/or adopted 18
Number of technologies/products commercialized based on NAIP
3. -Nil-
research
4. No. of new rural industries/entreprises established/ upgraded -Nil-
5. No. of product groups for which quality grades developed and agreed -Nil-
Total no. of private sector organizations (including NGOs) participating
6. 6
in consortium
7. No. of farmers involved in consortia activities 3798
8. Total number of farmers' group developed for marketing and processing 3
Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed based
9. 1
on NAIP research
Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published
10. -Nil-
based on NAIP research
44
11. Number of scientists trained overseas in the frontier areas of science -Nil-
12. Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas -Nil-
13. No. of scientists participated in conference/seminar etc., abroad 2
Training Farmers
14. No. of training organized / farmers trained No. No.
71 3798
15. Success stories 10
Baseline Final
83,000
16. Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH) 1,28,150
days @8
days @8
hours /
hours / day
day
Increase in income of participating households (Rs. per annum) Baseline Final
17. Jasmine value addition (Rs.100 @ 4 hour / day) 0 Rs.26,000
Dry flower making 0 Rs.28,125
18. Number of novel tools/protocols/methodologies developed 5
19. Publications
Articles in NAAS rated journals 10
Articles in other journals 7
Book(s) 3
Book chapter(s) 6
Thesis 15
Popular article(s) (English) 5
Newspaper article(s) 26
Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 27
Technical bulletin(s) 4
Manual(s) 1
CDs/Videos 8
Popular article(s) in other language 5
Folder/Leaflet/Handout 18
Report(s) -
19. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S. Type of Employment Generation Employment Generation up to Responsible
No. end of Sub-project Partner
1 Within Company Level :
a) Company employees 4320 labour days (18 employees
@ 8hrs/day
b) Field level casuals/contract emp. 7200 labour days (30 employees
@ 8hrs/day)
M/s. AVT
c) Dehydration factory level casuals 2880 labour days (12 employees Natural
@ 8hrs/day) Products Ltd.
Contract farming & Transport: 50,000 labour days
a) Farm Labourers (220 labors @ 8hrs/day)
8 transporters
b) Transport /Logistics
2 a) Small entrepreneur One
b) SHG Women for daily wages @ Salem 4950 labour days
(55 beneficiaries @90 days/yr)
M/s. Salem
c) SHG Women for daily wages @ 14400 labour days (60 Spices Pvt. Ltd.
Kalamavur, Trichy beneficiaries @ 8hrs/day)
d) SHG Women for daily wages @ 12000 labour days
Mannalur, Trichy (50 beneficiaries @ 8hrs/day)
45
3 Women employees 30,000 labour days M/s. Vanguard
(250 women @ 4 hrs/day) Exports
4 Farm labours 2400 labour days M/s. Elkhill
(10 labours @ 8 hrs/day) Agrotech Pvt.
Ltd.
8.Assets Generated
(i) Equipment
List of major equipments (costing above Rs. 4 lakhs)
Total Respon
Date
Sl. Name of the Equipment with Manufacturers Name, Qua cost sible
of
No Model and Sr. No. ntity (In partner
purchase
lakhs)
Walk in cool chamber, M/s. Blue star Ltd, T. Nagar,
1. Chennai (Sr. No: BSL 5203093923, Sr. No: BSL 30.03.09 2 4.474 TNAU
5203093932)
2. Generator 20 K V A Genset 1 TNAU
20.03.09
Kirloskar Electric Co. Ltd., Hubli, India 3.871
14.12.09
Sr. No: 4DGS115A-55
3. Generator 20 K V A Genset 1 TNAU
Kirloskar Electric Co. Ltd., Hubli, India 23.02.10 3.890
Sr. No: WDGS115A -26
4. Jasmine pilot plant – 1, Preliminary process plant 1 TNAU
31.03.09 4.992
M/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore
5. Concrete process plant
31.03.09 4.960
M/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore 1 TNAU
6. Cooling tower with accessories
31.03.09 1 1.927 TNAU
M/s. Cigma Essence Pvt.Ltd, Karamadai, Coimbatore
7. Steam boiler with accessories
31.03.09 1 4.877 TNAU
M/s. Cigma Essence Pvt.Ltd, Karamadai, Coimbatore
8. Support acting equipment for jasmine pilot
31.03.09 1 4.688 TNAU
M/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore
9. Digital burette, Brand GMBH, Sr. No: OIF 71734 31.03.09 1 0.595 TNAU
10. Electronic balance – SHIMADZU Corporation- BL
31.03.09 2 0.627 TNAU
220H, Sr. No: 455004183
11. Centrifuge – Hermle Labortech, Z300K,
31.03.09 1 2.948 TNAU
Sr. No: 55090043
12. Vacuum desiccator cum pump - Super fit,
31.03.09 2 0.395 TNAU
Sr. No: OFD-455
13. Near infra red - Bruker Matrix-i, Sr. No: 10002383 09.03.10 1 20.19 TNAU
14. FTIR/Ethylene analyzer, Bioconservacion, BI-ON ETH
Digital portable ethylene analyzer, Elixir Technologies, 31.03.09 1 1.976 TNAU
Sr. No: IC 456/ 384
15. UV ELISA reader, RAYTO, RT -2100 c,
31.03.09 1 2.912 TNAU
Sr. No: 451101099 FSE
16. Shaker cum incubator
31.03.09 1 0.760 TNAU
Labline Industries, OSI-24 c, Sr. No: 1041166
17. Shaker cum incubator
10.02. 10 1 1.300 TNAU
Labline Industries, OSI-24 c, Sr. No: 0961029
18. Lyophilyzer, Model: Floor, Make: Sub Zero 31.03.09 1 1.976 TNAU
19. Rotary evaporator with chiller, Cyber lab 31.03.09 1 2.496 TNAU
20. Micro wave oven, IFB Appliances 31.03.09 2 0.296 TNAU
46
21. Grading/cutting table, M/s. Sneha Scientific Company,
31.03.09 1 0.395 TNAU
110, Megricar Road, R.S. Puram, CBE
22. Colour flex : LOVIBOND RT200 (version-.020/9/
2000), Sr. No: 2909164, The Tintometer Ltd , The 31.03.09 1 4.350 TNAU
Colour Laboratory Waterloo Road , Salisbury, UK
23. CO2 analyzer (Automatted), PBI – Dansensor A/S, Sr.
31.03.09 1 2.496 TNAU
No: 58086466
24. Tissue homogenizer
31.03.09 1 1.820 TNAU
IKA Works, T10B, Sr. No: 07.095928
25. Generator 50 KVA , Genset
M/s. Mars Cold Storage Pvt. Ltd., Kotturpuram, 31.03.09 1 4.900 TNAU
Chennai, 50K- 4KSWTC105, Sr. No: VDGS200-13
26. Computer/ laptop with printer, internet facilities etc..
a) HP, HP W 1707 3
b) Printer, HP Laser jet 1008 2
c) Printer, HP Laser jet P 1505 1
d) Samsung, syncmaster B2030 1
e) Samsung, syncmaster 740N 1
22.01.09 1.993 TNAU
Internet facilities 1
a) Broad band BBG 1111 –BSNL, M/s. Teracom
Ltd., Goa, Sr.No. T2 0307727, Model No. T2-B
Gawv1. 4010Y –BI
b) Wireless modem, TATA indicom 1
27. Digital camera, Sony, CQ1569 22.01.09 1 0.193 TNAU
28. Laptop for principal investigator, TNAU
22.01.09 1 0.600
HP–Pavilion dv-4 series. Sr.No. CND 839618K
29. Equipment (Humidifier, ice box etc, soil testing kit, TNAU
electronic gadgets and power sprayers)
31.03.10 1 1.160
M/s. Safire Scientific Company, 93-A, (New 111),
Megricar Road, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore- 641002
(ii) Works
Sl. Year of Quan Amount Respon-
Particulars of work, name and address of agency
No work tity (in sible
awarded the work
done (Nos.) Lakhs) partner
1. Renovation of training cum demonstration hall in 2009-10 1 4.00 TNAU
the Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, TNAU
by Estate Office, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3
2. Renovation of existing post harvest laboratory in 2009-10 1 3.00 TNAU
the Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, TNAU
3. Renovation of store house for establishment of soil 2009-10 1 3.00 TNAU
plant analysis facility at Botanic Garden at TNAU
4. Purchase of drip and fertigation, Head control unit, 2009-10 1.38 TNAU
water distribution system, water emitting system by
M/s Jain Irrigation System Ltd., 24/1 (New),
Narayanaguru road, Saibaba colony, Coimbatore
5. Supply and installation of drip and fertigation 2009-10 - 2.24 TNAU
systems with sprinklers for jasmine paired row
systems of planting at Dept. of Floriculture and
Landscaping, TNAU, Coimbatore by M/s Jain
Irrigation System Ltd., 24/1 (New), Narayanaguru
road, Saibaba colony, Coimbatore
47
6. Poly green house (Steel frame) with pre fabricated 2009-10 - 3.48 TNAU
GI Tubular structures - Area 504 sq.m by M/s
Marikko Trading Corporation, No.197 – B, Ambika
layout, Siddapudur, Coimbatore -44
7. Poly green house (Steel frame) with pre fabricated 2009-10 - 2.75 TNAU
GI Tubular structures- Area 400sq.m by M/s
Marikko Trading Corporation, No.197 – B, Ambika
layout, Siddapudur, Coimbatore -44
8. Purchase of PVC pipe line material by M/s. Adarsh 2009-10 - 0.14 TNAU
Agrotech, 158 E.M.Complex, Sanganoor Main
Road, Coimbatore - 27
(iii) Revenue Generated: (up to 31st December, 2013)
S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount Responsible
(Rs.) Partner
1. Sale of compendium on “Hi -tech 2012-13 8940.00
cultivation technologies in flower 2013-14 3720.00 TNAU
crops”(In: Tamil)
(iv) Livestock: --Nil--
21. Awards and Recognitions

Name,
Institution/ Respons
S. Designation, Award/ Award received for
Society -ible
No Address of the Recognition
facilitating partner
person
1. Dr. M. Jawaharlal Founder Fellowship Significant contribution
Professor & Head/ Award (2009) in the field of ISOH, New
TNAU
Dept. of Floriculture at National Delhi
Floriculture and level
2. Landscaping Horticultural Society Significant contribution HSI, New Delhi
(CPI ) of India Gold Medal in the field of
TNAU
National Award Horticulture at National
(2010) level
3. TNAU Best Team Outstanding team TNAU,
Researcher Award research contribution in Coimbatore TNAU
(2011) the field of Horticulture
4. Lotus Purashkar Outstanding contribution
ISOH, New
National Award to Floriculture research TNAU
Delhi
(2011) and development
5. Life time Fellowship Commitment to the
CHAI, New
(CHAI-2012) furtherance of TNAU
Delhi
Horticulture
6. Marigold Award Contribution in
M/s. AVT
(2012) development of precision
Natural Products TNAU
production technology in
Ltd., Cochin
marigold
7. TNAU Best Outstanding research TNAU,
Researcher Award contribution in the field Coimbatore TNAU
(2013) of Floriculture
8. Excellence for the Contribution towards Malarum
Best Researcher development of precision Velanmai, (a
Award (2014) technologies in flower leading Tamil TNAU
crops Agrl., Monthly
Magazine)
48
9. Mr. P. Rajaram Rose Puraskar Contribution to M/s.
Managing Director, Award (2011) Floriculture industry ISOH, New Salem
M/s. Salem Spices Delhi Spices
Pvt. Ltd., (CCPI) Pvt. Ltd.
10. Dr. M. Kannan Bhartiya Vikas All India
Excellent devotion in the
Prof. (Hort.),Dept. Rattan award (2012) business
field of Horticulture and
of Floriculture and development TNAU
for growth of Indian
Landscaping (Co- association
economy
PI)
11. Dr. S.T.BiniSundar ISOH- Best Ph.D. Contribution in the ISOH, New
Research Associate dissertation award development of precision Delhi
Dept. of (2011) production technology TNAU
Floriculture and for Jasmine
Landscaping
22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIPSustainability

v The Consortia approach which has created a strong association between the public sector (ICAR
and TNAU) and private sector (Private Partners) has ensured sustainability
v The training given to womenfolk, growers and entrepreneurs has encouraged more number of
them to take up floriculture ventures
v Efforts towards women empowerment have been strengthened through organizing more training
programmes on value addition
v Through the training programmes, credit institutions have been linked with flower growers and
entrepreneurs and the link established will help in sustainability
v Involvement of NGOs and SHGs has helped in their empowerment
v Promotion of large scale scientific carnation cultivation in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal through
training programmes has helped in sustaining the project's impact even after the project period
v The project activities will be continued through new project proposals submitted to the State and
Central Governments.
v Collaboration with the Madurai Malli Incubator and Madurai Malli Development Council,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in disseminating export packaging
technology of jasmine has proven as an effort towards sustainability
v Adoption of the technologies developed in the project by growers and entrepreneurs has paved
way for sustainability of the project activities.
v Efforts are underway to encourage Consortium Partners to create a sustainability fund.
23. Possible Future Line of Work
Based on experiences gained in this project, the following future line of work is proposed
I) Transfer of technology
v The precision production technologies developed through this project for jasmine, marigold and
carnation will be disseminated to more number of growers through on-farm trials, demonstrations
and training programmes
v Commercialization of the following technologies developed in this project will be taken up:
a. Export packaging technology of jasmine will be disseminated to more number of exporters to
facilitate export promotion by achieving increase in export volume.
b. Advanced processing technologies for dry flower making will be commercialized involving more
number of plant species and products.
49
II) Research component (to be taken up through mobilization of funds from outside sources)
e Nano-technological approaches for retention of fragrance (in addition to freshness) in jasmine
flowers
e Advanced greenhouse technologies such as grow-bag system of cultivation for carnation
e Bio-rational management of pests and diseases in flower crops
e Development of precision production technologies for other high value commercial flower crops
e Development of product-based processing technologies for dry flowers for export market
e Development of more domestic and export flori-business ventures (floral essential oils, bio-
pigments, cut flower export, etc.) through public-private partnership mode of operation to
promote empowerment of women and unemployed literate youth.
24. Personnel
Sl. No. Staff From – To
(DD/MM/YYYY)
Research Management (CL)
1. Dr. C. Ramasamy, Vice Chancellor 27.08.08 – 29.12.08
2. Dr. P. Santhana Krishnan, Vice Chancellor - In charge 30.12.08 – 03.06.09
3. Dr. P. Murugesa Boopathi, Vice Chancellor 04.06.09 – 03.06.12
4. Dr. P. Subbian, Vice Chcancellor - In charge 04.06.12 – 26.08.12
5. Dr. K. Ramasamy, Vice Chancellor 27.08.12 - till date
Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)
6. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI & Prof. & Head 27.08.08 – Till date
7. Dr. M. Kannan, CoPI & Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date
8. Dr. M. Ganga, CoPI & Asst. Professor (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date
9. Mr. N. Elango, CCPI, M/s.AVT Natural products, 27.08.08 – Till date
Sathyamangalam
10. Mr.P. Rajaram CCPI, M/s.Salem Spices, Salem 27.08.08 – Till date
11. Mr. K. Sethumathavan, CCPI , M/s.Vanguard Exports, 27.08.08 – Till date
Coimbatore
12. T.R.Thilak kumar, M/s. Elkhi ll Agrotech, Ooty 27.08.08 – 15.03.10
13. V. Venkatesh, M/s. Elkhill Agrotech, Ooty 15.03.10 – Till date
Technical (Associating scientists)
14. Dr. K.A. Ponnusamy, Prof. (Agrl. Extention) 27.08.08 – Till date
15. Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram, Prof. (Agrl. Ento.) 27.08.08 – Till date
16. Dr. N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Prof. (Agrl. Economics.) 27.08.08 – Till date
17. Dr. D. Suresh Kumar, Prof. (Agrl. Economics.) 27.08.08 – Till date
18. Dr. S. Nakkeeran, Prof. (Plant Pathology.) 27.08.08 – Till date
19. Dr. P. Muthulakshmi, Assoc. Prof. (Plant Pathology) 27.08.08 – Till date
20. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date
21. Dr. C. Subesh Ranjith Kumar, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date
22. Dr. K. R. Rajadurai, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 26.02.13 – Till date
23. Dr. S. P. Thamaraiselvi, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 29.07.13 – Till date
50
Contractual
24. Dr. C. Ravindran 03.10.08 – 29.12.09
25. Dr. P. Thiyagarajan 29.01.10 – 07.02.12
26. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari Research Associate 03.10.08 – 29.12.09
27. Dr. K. Padmadevi (Horticulture) 07.01.10 – 09.03.10
28. Dr. C. Ciba 24.03.10 – 16.08.10
29. Dr. C. Swapna 15.09.10 – 11.11.11
30. Dr. S.T. Bini Sundar 01.04.12 – Till date
31. Dr. S. Karthikeyan 15.10.12 – Till date
32. Ms. S. Jayalakshmi 06.10.08 – 27.05.09
33. Dr. K. Padmadevi Senior Research Fellow 17.07.09 – 06.01.10
Ms. N. Deepa Devi (Horticulture)
34. 19.01.10 – 18.08.10
35. Ms. M. Anitha 16.09.10 – 13.08.11
36. Ms. S.T. Bini Sundar 14.11.11 – 31.03.12
37. Mr.S. Karthikeyan 02.04.12 – 14.10.12
38. Mrs. S.Sugapriya 15.10.12 – 14.04.13
39. Dr. S. Ganesh 30.08.13 – Till date
40. Ms. V.S. Suganthi 06.10.08 – 26.05.09
41. Mr.R. Elangovan Senior Research Fellow 20.07.09 – 12.08.10
(Soil Science)
42. Mr.K. Thamarai Thuvasan 21.09.10 – 16.08.11
43. Mr.R. Muthukrishnan 07.09.11 – 17.06.13
44. Mr.K. Sankarganesh 03.10.08 – 08.12.08
45. Mr.G. Thanavendan 05.01.09 – 31.12.09
46. Mr.N. Srithar 21.01.10 – 31.03.11
47. Ms. S.T. Bini Sundar 11.05.11 – 15.09.11
48. Mr.S. Senthil Murugan 16.09.11 – 31.03.12
Senior Research Fellow
49. Ms. S. Kavitha (Pathology / Entomology) 15.10.08 – 24.12.08
50. Mr.N. Srithar 07.01.09 – 20.01.10
51. Mr.R. Thanigairaj 30.04.10 – 23.06.10
52. Ms. G. Kalaiselvi 19.07.10 – 18.01.11
53. Mr.P. Suresh 28.11.11 – 23.04.12
54. Ms. P. Mekala 11.05.12 – 16.10.12
55. Ms. S. Murugeswari 17.10.12 – Till date
56. Mr.K. Ramalingam 24.10.08 – 15.05.09
57. Mr.K. Padmadevi 20.05.09 – 16.07.09
58. Mr.P. Buvaneshwaran Senior Research Fellow 23.09.09 – 13.08.11
59. Mr.S. Kumaresan (Economics) 06.09.11 – 31.03.12
60. Ms. P. Guna Gnana 24.10.08 – 05.12.08
Sowandari
51
61. Mr.T. Senthilkumar 05.01.09 – 16.08.10
62. Mr.M. Suresh Kumar 14.09.10 – 30.11.10
63. Mr.R. Karuppusamy 16.08.11 – 17.06.13
13.08.13 – Till date
64. Ms. M.M. Kaveriamma 06.10.08 – 05.04.09
Senior Research Fellow
65. Mr.D. Dhinesh 09.04.09 – 18.08.10
M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.,
66. Mr.S. Karthikeyan Ooty 22.09.11 - 31.08.12
67. Mr.D. Dhinesh 07.09.11 – 31.03.12
15.10.12 – 17.06.13
22.08.13 – 06.09.13
68. Mr. R. Ramadoss 20.08.13 – Till date
69. Mrs. M. Visalakshi 06.10.08 – 13.08.10
70. Mr.T. Vetrivel Senior Research Fellow 16.09.10 – 13.08.11
Mrs. M. Visalakshi M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.,
71. 07.09.11 – 31.03.12
Salem
15.10.12 – 17.06.13
13.08.13 – Till date
72. Mr.R. Alex Senior Research Fellow 03.10.08 – 02.04.09
Ms. K. Kalai Selvi M/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd.,
73. 29.07.09 – 25.02.10
Sathyamangalam
74. Mr.S. Seetharaman 17.03.10 – 01.06.10
75. Mr.S. Manigandan 22.09.10 – 13.08.11
76. Mr.S. Karthikraj 16.09.11 – 31.03.12
77. Dr. S. Vinoth 15.10.12 – 03.06.13
78. Mr.R. Karthik Senior Research Fellow 10.1008 – 06.11.08
Mr.S. Kumaresan M/s.Vanguard Exports,
79. 20.11.08 – 05.09.11
Coimbatore
80. Ms. P. Mekala 07.09.11 – 31.03.12
17.10.12 – 17.06.13
81. Mrs.S. Vijayachandra Office Assistant 03.08.09 – Till date
82. Mrs.N. Buvaneshwari 24.11.08 – 28.11.11
83. Mr.T. Aasaithambi Semiskilled Mazdoor 24.11.08 – 28.11.11
84. Mr.R. Karthikeyan 03.08.09 – Till date
52
25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. Committee Chairman Members

No. Name (From-To) (From-To)
1. CIC Director of Research, 1. Dean (Hort.), TNAU
TNAU Dr. D. Veeraragavathatham (Sep.’08 -June’09)
Dr. B. Chandrasekaran Dr. N. Kumar (July’09 – June’13)
(Sep.2008-June2009) Dr. S. Mariappan (July’13 – Till date)
Dr. M. Paramathma 2. Director of Extension Education, TNAU
(July 2009- Jan 2012) Dr. E. Vadivel (Sep.’08 -June’09)
Dr. A. Chandrasekaran Dr.P. Kalaiselvan (July’09- Feb.’2013)
Dr. K.A. Ponnusamy (Mar.’13 – Till date)
(Jan. 2012- Mar. 2013)
3. Comptroller, TNAU
Dr. M. Maheswaran
Mr. M. Thangaraj (Sep.’08-April’09)
(Mar 2013 to Till date)
Mr. P. Chandran (April’09- June’12)
Mrs. A.R. Rajalakshmi (June’09 – July’13)
Mr. V. Shanmugam (July’13 – Oct.’13)
Mrs. R. Poongothai (Oct’13 – Till date)
4. Director (CARDS), TNAU
Dr. K. Palanisami (Sep.’08-June’09)
Dr.N. Ajjan (July’09 -June’13)
Dr.M. Chinnadurai (July’13 – Till date)
Consortium Partners
5. Mr. N. Elango, Asst. Vice -President,
AVT Natural Products Ltd. (Sep.’08 -Till date)
6. Mr. P. Rajaram, Managing Director,
M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd. (Sep.’08-Till date)
7. Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, Proprietor,
M/s. Vanguard Exports (Sep.’08 -Till date)
8. Mr. T.R.ThilakKumar (Sep.’08 -Mar.’10)
Mr. V. Venkatesh, (Mar.’10 -Till date)
Chief Executive, M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.
Member Secretary
9. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI
2. CAC Dr. T. Thangaraj 1. Dr. P.K. Rajeevan, Assoc. Dean (Hort.), KAU
Former Director, (Sep. 2008-Till date)
RPRC, Bhubaneshwar 2. Mrs. Poornima Anandamurthi
& Former Dean (Hort.) Progressive Carnation Grower
(Sep. 2008- Till date) Ooty (Sep. 2008-Till date)
3. Mr. Rajendra Kumar, Dutch Flowers, Bengaluru
(Sep. 2008-Till date)
3. CMU Dr. M. Chandrasekaran 1. Dr. M. Thilagavathi, Assoc. Prof. (Agrl. Eco.)
Prof. (Agrl. Economics) (Sep. 2008-Till date)
(Sep. 2008- Till date) 2. Dr. C.R.Chinnamuthu, Assoc.Prof. (Agronomy)
(Sep. 2008-Till date)
53
B. List of meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S.No Details of meeting Date Place and Address of

meeting organized
CAC & CIC Meetings
1. 1st CAC & CIC meeting 28.08.08 TNAU, Coimbatore
nd
2. 2 CAC & CIC meeting 11.05.09 TNAU, Coimbatore
rd
th
4. 4 CAC & CIC meeting 25. 03.10 TNAU, Coimbatore
th
th
th
th
9. 9th CAC & CIC meeting 20.12.12 TNAU, Coimbatore
th
th
CMU Meetings
1. 1st CMU meeting 23.02.09 TNAU, Coimbatore
2. 2nd CMU meeting 21.08.09 TNAU, Coimbatore
3. 3rd CMU meeting 30.03.09 TNAU, Coimbatore
th
4. 4 CMU meeting 26.10.10 TNAU, Coimbatore
th
th
7. 7th CMU meeting 05.12.11 TNAU, Coimbatore
8. 8th CMU meeting 06.02.12 TNAU, Coimbatore
th
th
54
Pro-forma 1
Details of Technologies Developed/ Validated/Adopted
1) Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets
2) Name of CPI/ CCPI : Dr. M. Jawaharlal
3) Title of the technology : Export packaging technology for jasmine
4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the
target area:.
The post harvest loss in jasmine flowers is 35 to 40 %. There is huge demand for fresh jasmine
flowers in distant markets abroad (USA) besides the nearby overseas markets (Singapore, Malaysia,
Dubai, etc.). Exporters use packing boxes containing shredded ice packed in polythene covers and this
method is not efficient enough in retaining freshness of the flowers.
5) Key Intervention(s) introduced:
l Treating jasmine flowers with boric acid followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes
for Dubai market and thermocole box with aluminium foil lining in layers with gel ice sheets for
USAmarket.
l The export packaging technology as a wholesome package has been filed for patenting (Patent
No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).
6) Results
The technology was disseminated to 1097 beneficiaries through 21 training programmes under four
different categories.
No. of
Trainings trainings No. of beneficiaries
Hands on training on jasmine 11 809

Entrepreneurial training in jasmine 5 164
Madurai Malli Development Council 3 86
Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 38
Total 21 1097
7) Brief description of technology for release:
The export packaging technology developed for jasmine flowers involves treating jasmine strings
with boric acid followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes for Dubai market. For USA
market, treated flowers are packed in small boxes and 24 such small boxes are packed in thermocole
box with aluminium foil lining in layers and in between the layers gel ice sheets are placed. Shelf life of
flowers increased to 72 hours against 36 hours in normal packaging system
The use of ice gel sheets in between the small boxes reduced the weight and volume of the packages
of export. The use of ice gel sheets in the boxes creates low temperature (4 to 160C; 40C during
packaging and 160C during unpacking at destination) and uniform distribution of chillness and
moisture in the packs helps in increasing the shelf life.
8) Expected Outcome/ Impact of the technology:
8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income
The technology has proved acceptable to both near and distant overseas markets. Hence around 10
% increase in export volume is expected.
55
9) Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Yes. The following publication has been made.
v Jawaharlal M, Thamaraiselvi S P and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of export packaging
technology for Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Acta Horticulturae 270: 81-92.
v Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Ganga, M and Varadharaju N. 2010. Packaging technology for
long term storage of jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Journal of Ornamental
Horticulture 13 (3): 171 -181.
v Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Rajamani K and Ganga M. 2011. Studies on Packaging
technology for long term storage of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers. Advances in Plant
Sciences 24(1): 223-230.
10)Any other information
Collaboration with the Madurai Malli Incubator and Madurai Malli Development Council,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in disseminating export packaging technology of
jasmine has proven as an effort towards sustainability of the project's impact
Photographs
Cake boxes Flowers packed in thermocole boxes Thermosorbgel ice packs
Dissemination of technology
56
Pro-forma 1
Details of Technologies Developed/Validated/Adopted
3) Title of the technology : Precision production technology of jasmine
4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target
area: Conventional system of cultivation
v Field preparation: The field is ploughed with only disc plough and cultivator
v Spacing and population: Spacing of 1.25 x 1.25m is adopted which will accommodate 6400
plants per hectare
v Basal application: While planting, the pits are filled with FYM @ 10 kg/pit.
v Fertilizer application: Recommended dose of fertilizer (60:120:120g NPK/plant/year) is applied
in two splits through soil application.
v Irrigation: Surface or flood irrigation is provided at weekly intervals
v Biofertilizers: No biofertilizers are applied
v Biostimulants: No biostimulants are applied
v Micronutrients: Spraying of Ferrous sulphate @ 5g/lit at monthly intervals
v Pest and disease management: Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides
v Flower yield and concrete recovery: Flower yield of 7-8 t/ha; concrete recovery of 0.18 to 0.19 %.
5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Name of technology: Precision production technology for jasmine
v Field preparation: Ploughing with chisel, disc, rotovator, cultivator and finally levelling with
tractor drawn leveller
v Drip installation: Inline dripper type lateral of diameter 12 mm is used with discharge rate of 4 lph
at a row spacing of 1.2m.
v Spacing : 1.2 x 1.0 m (between row and plant)
v Planting density : 8300 plants / ha
v Basal application: Pits are filled with FYM @ 5 kg/pit, neem cake 500g/pit, Vermicompost
100g/pit,Azospirullum and Phosphobacteria each @ 3 g/pit
v Fertilizer application:
r Recommended dose of fertilizers (60:120:120g NPK/plant/year) are applied through fertigation
in splits at weekly intervals.
r For fertigation, Water Soluble Fertilizers viz., Polyfeed (19:19:19), KNO3 (13:0:45), Urea and
MonoAmmonium Phosphate (12:61:0) are used.
r Irrigation: Drip irrigation once in three days
r Biostimulants: Foliar spray of 3% Panchagavya + 0.4% Humic acid at monthly intervals
r Micronutrients: Foliar spray of Fe2SO4 and ZnSO4 each @ 0.5% at monthly intervals
r Pest management:
- Thiochloprid 240 SC @ 0.3% for bud worm
- Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 0.05% for blossom midge
57
r Disease management:
- Cercospora leaf spot - soil application of Bacillus subtilis @ 25g/pit at the time of
planting and foliar application of B. subtilis @ 0.5% at monthly intervals
- Alternaria leaf spot - soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 25 g/pit at the time of
planting and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 0.5% at monthly intervals
r Flower yield and concrete recovery: Flower yield of 12.41 t/ha; concrete recovery of 0.21 to 0.22 %
6) Results:
The technology was disseminated to 969 jasmine growers through 15 training programmes
conducted.
No. of No. of
Trainings
Growers’ training on jasmine 4 156
Commodity group formation 4 154
Madurai Malli Development Council 3 86
Stakeholders’ Meet 1 450
Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 38
One day crop seminar on jasmine 1 85
Total 15 969

Developed a package of practices for precision production of jasmine which include intensive field
preparation methods, precise spacing, enriched media consortia, drip and fertigation system, spraying
of biostimulants and micronutrients and integrated pest and disease management practices.
8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income:
10 % increase in area, production and net income
8.2. Others:
Newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods will decrease the quantity
as well as number of sprays of insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are
quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, this is acceptable by export agencies.
publication.
Yes. The following publications have been made.
l Bini Sundar, S.T., M. Kannan and M. Jawaharlal. 2012. Influence of fertigation on growth and yield
of Gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.). Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3 (3): 691 - 694.
l Bini Sundar, S T., M. Kannan and M. Jawaharlal. 2010. Influence of precision production
technologies on growth and yield of Gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.). Journal of Ornamental
l Kalyanasundaram M., P. Thiyagarajan, M. Jawaharlal, P. Muthulakshmi and M. Ganga. 2012.
Effect of pesticides on management of blossom midge Contarinia maculipennis Felt.
(Cecidomyiidae:Diptera) inJasmine(Jasminum sambacAit.) South Indian Horticulture 60:169 -172.
58
l Muthulakshmi P., M. Jawaharlal, P. Thiyagarajan, M. Kalyanasundaram and Senthilmurugan.
2012. Ecofriendly methods to manage Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria jasmini) in jasmine
(Jasminum sambac Ait.) South Indian Horticulture 60: 190 -192.
10)Any other information:
The precision production technology developed through the project is being disseminated to 27
jasmine growers (1 acre each) of Sathyamangalam area by conducting field demonstration in a total
area of 27 acres.
Photographs
Precision method Conventional method
Growers meeting
59
Pro-forma 1
Details of Technologies Developed/Validated/Adopted
3) Title of the technology : Precision production technology for marigold
4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the
target area: Conventional system of cultivation
l Field preparation: Disc and cultivator ploughing
l Spacing and population: Spacing of 60 x 45 cm is adopted which will accommodate 37,000
plants per hectare
l Fertilizer application: 100% of RDF (90:90:75kg/ha); 50% N as top dressing through urea,
single super phosphate, muriate of potash
l Irrigation: Surface or flood irrigation is given at weekly intervals
l Biofertilizers: No biofertilizers are applied
l Biostimulants: No biostimulants are applied
l Micronutrients: No micronutrients are applied
l Pest & disease management: Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides
l Flower yield and concrete recovery: Flower yield of 25.12 t/ha; xanthophyll content of 1.43g/kg
of fresh flower
Name of technology: Precision production technology for marigold
l Field preparation: Ploughing with chisel, disc, rotovator, cultivator and finally beds are formed
with the help of tractor drawn leveller
l Drip installation: Inline dripper type lateral of diameter 12 mm is used with discharge rate of 4
lph at a row spacing of 22.5 cm.
l Spacing : 90 x 22.5 cm (between row & plant)
l Planting density : 49,000 plants / ha
l Fertilizer application:
o 75% Recommended dose of fertilizers (90:90:75 kg/ha) are applied through fertigation in splits at
weekly intervals.
o For fertigation, Water Soluble Fertilizers viz., Polyfeed (19:19:19), KNO3 (13:0:45), Urea and
MonoAmmonium Phosphate (12:61:0) are used.
l Irrigation: Drip irrigation on alternate days @ 2 l / plant
th th
l Biostimulant spray: Foliar spray of 0.2% Humic acid on 30 & 45 day after transplanting
th th
l Micronutrient spray: Foliar spray of Fe2SO4 and ZnSO4 each @ 0.5% on 30 & 45 day after
transplanting
l Pest management:Adoption of pest monitoring techniques & field hygiene
o Thrips: Fipronil @ 1.5ml/ litre
o Mites :Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05 ml/litre
o Caterpillar : Spinosad @ 0.75ml/litre
l Disease management:
o Alternaria leaf spot: root dipping of marigold seedlings with 1 % Pseudomonas fluorescens and
foliar application of 0.5% P. fluorescens at monthly intervals
60
o Septoria leaf spot : Root dipping in 1 % Bacillus subtilis for 30 minutes and foliar application of
0.5% B. subtilis at monthly intervals
l Flower yield and concrete recovery: Flower yield of 35.74 t/ha; xanthophyll content of 1.99g/kg
of fresh flower
6) Results:
The technology was disseminated to 309 growers through 6 Training programmes on production
and post harvest technology on marigold.
Developed a package of practices for precision production of marigold which involves raising
seedlings in protrays, seedling dip with Pseudomonas flourescens @ 0.5%, intensive field preparation,
drip and fertigation, spraying of biostimulants and micronutrients and adoption of eco-friendly pest and
disease management practices thrips, mites, caterpillar,Alternaria leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot.
8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income: 10 % increase in area, production and net
income
8.2. Others: Newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods will decrease the
quantity as well as number of sprays of insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer
molecules are quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, this is acceptable by export agencies.
publication
l Jawaharlal M. C Swapna and M. Ganga. 2013. Comparative analysis of conventional and
precision farming systems for African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Acta Horticulturae. 270: 311
- 317.
l Jawaharlal M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012. Precision
farming in marigold: Sustainable technology intervention by NAIP - Value chain on flowers for
domestic and export markets. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 7 (3): 171-
174
10) Any other information: 250 new farmers were linked with M/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd., (CP)
under contract farming system for marigold by strengthening Thengumarahada Co-operative
Farmers' Society of The Nilgiris district through the project. They are all adopting precision
production technology for cultivation of marigold
Precision method Conventional method Growers trimming
61
Pro-forma 1
3) Title of the technology : Precision production technology for carnation
4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target
area:
Carnation, a high value cut flower crop grown under protected environmental structures needs
scientific production practices for achieving the potential flower yield and quality. Carnation growers
are adopting the cultural practices based on the recommendation by the private consultancies and
suppliers of planting materials and inputs. The maximum production and productivity of the crop is not
achieved by the carnation growers due to non-adoption of scientific technologies. The productivity
achieved by the growers at present is 12 flower stems per plant per crop with 300 flower stems per m2
per crop. Further, the flowers produced are not with good quality standards to meet the high end
markets. Incidence of pests and diseases is another major challenge to the growers.
Developed a package of practices for precision production of carnation which include soil
fumigation technique, optimizing growing media consortia, planting density, planting stage, pinching
level and management of calyx splitting.
6) Results
The precision production techniques developed for carnation were disseminated to 437
beneficiaries through 10 trainings programmes at different locations of the Nilgiris district (Ooty,
Coonoor and Kotagiri).
The precision production technology developed for carnation involves soil fumigation technique by
2 2
application of Dazomet @ 30 g/m area; addition of 30 kg/ m of growing media consortia made up of
2 2 2
10:1:1 of farm yard manure @ 25 kg /m , vermicompost @ 2.5 kg /m , cocopeat @ 2.5 kg /m ,
biofertilizers viz., Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and addition of
2
biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas fluorescens each @ 20 g/m at bimonthly
th
intervals; planting 30 day old rooted cuttings and adopting single pinching at the 5 node and adopting a
2
planting density of 15 x 15 cm with 36 plants/m (net population on bed) and foliar application of borax
@ 0.1% at fortnight intervals till flower bud appearance and then at weekly intervals thereafter for
management of calyx splitting.
8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income: 20 % increase in area, production and net
income
publication.
v Karthikeyan. S., M. Jawaharlal and M. Ganga, 2009. Effect of boron on calyx splitting in
carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 12(4): 269-273.
v Karthikeyan. S, M. Jawaharlal, V. Jegadeeswari and D. Dhinesh, 2013. Performance of carnation
(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.) cultivars under steel frame (medium cost) and wooden frame (low
cost) polyhouses. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research., 3 (3):394-396.
v Karthikeyan. S, and M. Jawaharlal. 2013. Standardization of wrapping and packaging techniques
to enhance the post harvest life of carnation. Progressive Horticulture., 45 (2): 360 - 365.
62
v Karthikeyan. S and M. Jawaharlal, 2013. Optimization of planting density in carnation.
HortFlora Research Spectrum., 2(2):121-125.
v Karthikeyan. S, M. Jawaharlal and D. Dhinesh, 2012. Soil fumigation technique for protected
carnation cultivation. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 1 & 2. (accepted for publication)
v Karthikeyan. S., M. Jawaharlal and M. Ganga, 2012. Precooling temperature to enhance the post
harvest vase life of carnation. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 3&4. (accepted for publication)
v Karthikeyan. S, M. Jawaharlal and D. Dhinesh, 2013. Optimization of planting stage and
pinching level in carnation. The Asian Journal of Horticulture. (accepted for publication)
10)Any other information:
The precision production technology on carnation was dissemination to the carnation growers in the
Kodaikanal hills which is a non project area. 40 carnation growers were benefited through the training
programmes conducted.
63
Proforma 1
1. Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets
2. Name of CPI/CCPI : Dr. M.Jawaharlal
3. Title of the technology : Advanced dry flower technologies
4. Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target
area:
Existing production primarily includes fragrance products namely potpourris, sachets, etc.
Available native species are not used and the raw materials are procured from the northern states.
5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Forty four new plant species for dry flower making have been identified. Improved drying,
bleaching and dyeing techniques have been developed for the identified native species. Seventy two
new dry flower products have been developed for export market and export packaging technology for
the new products has been standardized.
6. Results
The technology was disseminated to 703 beneficiaries through 16 training programmes under 3
different categories
No. of No. of
Trainings
Hands on training in dry flowers 11 438
Entrepreneurial training in dry flowers 4 240
Demonstration – Dry flower products making 1 25
Total 16 703
7. Brief description of technology for release:
Step 1: Identification of new plant species for dry flower making
Forty four plant species were identified for dry flower making, based on their qualities such as good
texture, less brittleness, good shape retention, less change in colour intensity and low shatter index.
These were used in preparing dry flower products for export as well as domestic markets.
Step 2: Standardization of drying techniques for the identified native species
Drying techniques were standardized for leaves of silver oak (Grevillea robusta), Thuja and
ornamental Camellia and flowers of green and yellow button chrysanthemum, red gerbera (Gerbera
jamesonii) and Plumeria sp. Glycerinization (full dip method @ 1:20) for leaves and silica gel + sand
(1:1) embedding followed by microwave drying for flowers were found best.
Step 3: Standardization of bleaching techniques for the identified native species
Bleaching techniques were standardized for pods of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Castanospermum
australe. Soaking pods in sodium hydroxide 10% (overnight) and again with 2% sodium hydroxide +
2.5% sodium silicate + 35% hydrogen peroxide for 18 hours and 12 hours was found superior for
bleaching the above pods.
Step 4: Standardization of dyeing techniques for the identified native species
Dyeing techniques were standardized for pods of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Castanospermum
australe. Among the various dyes, acrylic dyes (red) 0.1% were found good. Time taken for dye uptake
was 1.4 minutes for Jacaranda mimosifolia and Castanospermum australe.
64
Step 5: Development of new dry flower products for export market
Utilizing the 44 identified plant species, 72 products (potpourris, garland, wreath, fairy pine cone
angel, Christmas snow man, gift decoration, Christmas candle, basket arrangements, wall hangings,
photo frames, hat arrangements, pen stands, key chains, ear, swag, etc.) were developed both for export
and domestic markets.
Step 6: Standardization of export packaging technology for dry flower products
The safe packaging material for the transport of scented pine cones is 5ply 180 gsm rings Full
Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5ply 180 gsm Regular Slotted Container (RSC)
recorded moderate damage (3.22 and 3.80) in the drop test and trace amount of damage (1.48 and 1.78)
in the vibration test
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology:
(8.1) Expected increase in area, production and net income
v Enhanced opportunities in newer markets such as Europe and USA
v Increase in production from 1600 tonnes to 2000 tonnes
v Savings of 0.8-1.2 % through reduced transport losses due to adoption of improved processing
and packaging techniques.
9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
v Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of drying, bleaching
and dyeing process in dried flowers. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 8 (1): 65 - 69.
10.Any other information
v Identification of local plant species would help to prevent the illegal collection of plants from
forests
v Hands on training for unemployed youth, women and SHGs and entrepreneurial trainings
conducted lead to chance of improvement of employment opportunities and development of
cottage industries.
v 100 women of different SHGs got job year round which improved their livelihood
Photographs
Table top Wreath

arrangement
Pen stand
Potpourri
65
Annexure
Publications
1. ResearchArticles
a) International
i) Jawaharlal M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012.
Precision farming in marigold: Sustainable technology intervention by NAIP – Value chain on
flowers for domestic and export markets. International Journal of Applied Agricultural
Research 7 (3): 171-174.
ii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan M and Jawaharlal M. 2012. Influence of fertigation on growth and
yield of gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.). Research Journal of Agricultural Science 3 (3):
691 – 694.
iii) Jawaharlal M, Thamaraiselvi S P and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of export packaging
technology for Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Acta Horticulturae 270: 81-92.
iv) Jawaharlal M, Swapna, C and Ganga M. 2013. Comparative analysis of conventional and
precision farming systems for African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Acta Horticulturae 270: 311
– 317.
v) Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization for drying bleaching
and dyeing process in dried flowers. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 8 (1): 65 – 69.
vi) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M, Jegadeeswari V and Dhinesh D. 2013. Performance of carnation
(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.) cultivars under steel frame (medium cost) and wooden frame
(low cost) polyhouses. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research 3(3): 394-396.
b) National
i) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2009. Effect of boron on calyx splitting in
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 12(4): 269-273.
ii) Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Ganga, M and Varadharaju N. 2010. Packaging technology
for long term storage of jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Journal of Ornamental
iii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan, M and Jawaharlal M. 2010. Influence of precision production
technologies on growth and yield of Gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.). Journal of
Ornamental Horticulture 13 (3): 207 -211.
iv) Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Rajamani K and Ganga M. 2011. Studies on Packaging
technology for long term storage of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers. Advances in Plant
Sciences 24(1): 223-230.
v) Kalyanasundaram M, Thiyagarajan P, Jawaharlal M, Muthulakshmi P and Ganga M. 2012.
Effect of pesticides on management of blossom midge Contariniamaculipennis Felt.
(Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) in Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.). South Indian Horticulture 60:
169 – 172.
vi) Mekala P, Ganga M. and Jawaharlal M. 2012. Artificial colouring of Tuberose flowers for value
addition. South Indian Horticulture 60: 216 - 223.
vii) Muthulakshmi P, Jawaharlal M, Thiyagarajan P, Kalyanasundaram M, and Senthilmurugan.
2012. Ecofriendly methods to manage Alternaria leaf blight (Alternariajasmini) in jasmine
(Jasminum sambac Ait.) South Indian Horticulture 60: 190 -192
viii) Ravikumar R, Sivakumar S D, Jawaharlal M, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.
2012. Impact of NAIP project value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets on
technology adoption among jasmine growers in Erode district. Madras Agricultural Journal 99
(10-12): 896 - 900.
66
ix) Karthikeyan S and Jawaharlal M. 2013. Optimization of planting density in carnation. Hort
Flora Research Spectrum 2 (2): 121 – 125.
x) Karthikeyan S and Jawaharlal M. 2013. Standardization of wrapping and packaging techniques
to enhance the post harvest life of carnation. Progressive Horticulture 45 (2): 360 – 365.
xi) Ravikumar R, Sivakumar S D, Jawaharlal M, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.
2013. Improving farm financial literacy to enhance productivity: Empirical evidence from Tamil
Nadu. Madras Agricultural Journal 100: 129 – 134.
2. Books
i) Jawaharlal M, Ganga M, Padmadevi K, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S. 2010. A technical
guide on carnation. Sri Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 819080809-5).
ii) Jawaharlal M. 2012. A Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. Sri Sakthi
Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 819233063-X).
iii) Ganga M, Ranchana P and Jawaharlal M. 2014. A handbook on value addition in flowers. Sri
Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 9-788192330631).
iv) Jawaharlal M and M Ganga. 2014. Value chain on flowers. Sreedevi Lithographics, Coimbatore
(ISBN No. 9788192330655 )
3. Book chapter
i) Jawaharlal M. 2012. Jasmine. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. ISBN No.
819233063-X. Pp. 7 – 18
ii) Kalyanasundaram M and Murugeeswari S. 2012. Pest management in flower crops. Tamil
compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 84 – 89, ISBN No. 819233063-X.
iii) Karupusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012. Marketing management
in flowers crops. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 95 – 100, ISBN No.
819233063-X.
iv) Renugadevi P, Murugeswari S and Nakkeeran S. 2012. Disease management in flower crops.
Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 90 – 94, ISBN No. 819233063-X.
v) Vijay Selvaraj K S. 2012. Marigold. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. ISBN
No. 819233063-X. Pp. 27 – 32
vi) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M and Dhinesh D. 2013. Precision production technology for
carnation under protected cultivation. (in) Agricultural Graduate Students' Conference, 2013 –
Food safety and Food security, p 215 - 216 ISBN – 978-81-9233-066-2.
4. Theses
a) M.Sc.
i) Karthikeyan S. 2009. 'Effect of boron on calyx splitting in carnation var. Madame collettee.' M Sc
thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
ii) Swathima 2009. 'Influence of biostimulants on productivity and xanthophyll content of African
marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Hybrid L3.' M Sc (Hort.) thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University,
Coimbatore.
iii) Anitha M. 2010. 'Identification and screening of plant species for value addition as dry flower
products and standardization of packaging materials for the pine cones for export.' M Sc thesis,
Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
iv) Cintu S. 2010. 'Standardization of processing techniques for dry flowers.' M Sc thesis,
v) Vishnu Priya 2011. 'Effect of glycerine and silica gel on drying of plant species.'
M Sc thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
67
vi) Jennoah. 2012. 'Standardization of techniques for off-season flowering in jasmine species under
polyhouse.' M Sc thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
b) Ph.D.
i) Thamaraiselvi S P. 2009. 'Standardization of export packaging technology for jasmine (Jasminum
sp.) and Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa).' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore.
ii) Swapna C. 2010. 'Investigation on production system efficiency of precision farming in
comparison with conventional system in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.).' Ph D (Hort.) thesis, Tamil
NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
iii) Bini Sundar S T. 2011. 'Investigation on the production system efficiency of precision technology
in comparison with conventional system in gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.).' Ph D (Hort.)
iv) Karthikeyan S. 2012. 'Standardization of precision farming technologies for carnation.' Ph D
v) Dhinesh D. 2013. 'Standardization of fertigation schedule micronutrients application and
fusarium wilt management in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).' Ph D thesis , Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
vi) Mekala P. 2013. 'Nano Technological approaches and modified atmospheric packaging in
jasmine (Jasminum sambac) flowers for export markets.' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore.
vii) Muthukrishnan R. 2013. 'Response of nutripellet pack technique for carnation and marigold.'
Ph D thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
viii) Ravikumar R. 2013. 'An assessment of financial literacy and its impact on farm financial
management and productivity.' Ph D thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
ix) Visalakshi M. 2013. 'Standardisation of dry flower advanced processing and packaging
techniques for export and domestic market.' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore.
5. Popular articles (English)
i) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Ganga M. 2010. Boron's role in quality carnation
production. Floriculture Today (December), pp. 26-27.
ii) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S and Ganga M.2012. Carnation of the Nilgiris - many challenges
ahead. Floriculture Today 17 (2): 20 – 21.
iii) Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M and Rajaram P. 2013. Dry flower industry: SWOT analysis.
Agriculture Today, (March), pp. 44 – 46.
iv) Jawaharlal M, Ganga M and Mekala P. 2013. Iron deficiency in jasmine. Floriculture Today
17 (10): 50 - 52
v) Visalakshi M and Jawaharlal M. 2013. Dry flower industry in India and Tamil Nadu – Status
scope opportunities and challenges. Plant Horti Tech (June – July): 54.
6. Newspaper article
i) TNAU varsity bags 2 farm projects (NAIP). Dinamalar (In Tamil) 20.08.2008. (Ed.Coimbatore)
ii) Solving flower grower's problems through NAIP. Dinamani. (In Tamil) 20.08.2008. (Ed.
Coimbatore)
iii) TNAU varsity bags 2 farm projects (NAIP). Business line 28.08.2008. (Ed.Coimbatore)
iv) Improving agriculture through 25 new research projects. Dinamalar (In Tamil) 28.08.2008.
(Ed.Coimbatore)
68
v) Dry technology to women and unemployed youth. Tamil Murasu. (In Tamil) 28.12.2008.
(Ed.Salem)
vi) Training to cut flower growers. Dinamalar (In Tamil) 1.2.2009. (Ed. Coimbatore)
vii) Entrepreneurship development training programme on value addition on jasmine. Dinathanthi
(In Tamil) 28.1.2009. (Ed.Coimbatore)
viii) Two days training programme on dry flower arrangement. Tamil Murasu. (In Tamil) 18.03.2009.
(Ed.Salem)
ix) Training on value addition of flowers. Dinamalar (In Tamil) 6.10.2009. (Ed.Coimbatore)
x) Training on advanced production technology of cut flowers. Dinathanthi (In Tamil) 24.10.2009.
(Ed.Dindugal)
xi) Floriculture picking up in Sathyamangalam and Bhavanisagar (The total acreage is growing at
the rate of 10 to 15 per cent every year).The Hindu 26.10.2010.(Ed. Erode)
xii) Two days training programme on dry flower arrangement. Tamil Murasu (In Tamil) 28.8.10. (Ed.
Salem)
xiii) Training on dry flower arrangement by Salem Spices and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.
Tamil Murasu (In Tamil) 31.10.11. (Ed.Salem)
xiv) Cut flower seed production unit getting ready. The Hindu. 20.08.2012
xv) Decrease in export of Madurai Malli. Dinamalar (In Tamil) 24.08.2012. (Ed. Madurai)
xvi) Madurai Malli to tap foreign markets. The New Indian Express (In English) 24.08.2012. (Ed.
Madurai).
xvii) Madurai Malli' gets incubator; set to become a global brand. The Hindu (In English) 25.08.2012.
(Ed. Madurai).
xviii) Jasmine bud worm. Dinamalar (In Tamil). 16.9.12. (Ed.Coimbatore)
xix) Flower growers and sellers meet conducted by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University NAIP
(Flowers). Tamil Murasu. 19.12.2012 (In Tamil). (Ed. Coimbatore)
xx) Natural pest management in floriculture production. Dinamalar. 20.12.2012 (In Tamil). (Ed.
Coimbatore)
xxi) In flower production 40% flowers are losses. How to solve the problem? Detailed explanation
gave to flower growers and sellers. Dinamalar. 21.12.2012. (In Tamil). (Ed. Coimbatore)
xxii) Marigold used as intercrop in banana. Thozhil malar, 2013 (In Tamil). (Ed. Krishnagiri).
xxiii) Better post-harvest management of cut flowers vital to boost exports. The Hindu. 13.02.2013 (In
English) (Ed. Coimbatore)
xxiv) Even after GI the export of Madurai malli seems to be decrease but Sathyamangalam shows
promising development. Dinamalar. 13.12.2013(In Tamil). (Ed. Madurai)
xxv) Flower crop giving more profit than rice production. Dinamalar. 13.12.2013. (In Tamil). (Ed.
Madurai)
xxvi) Plants will think differently. Dinamalar. 22.12.13 (In Tamil). (Ed. Madurai)
xxvii) Andhra Pradesh farmers visit Tamil Nadu Agricultural Varsity (English). The Hindu. 11.05.2013
(Ed.Andhra Pradesh).
7. Seminar/ Symposium/ conference/ workshops proceedings
a) International
i) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S and Karuppusamy R. 2012. Success of carnation cultivation: an
intervention I NAIP- Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets. Global conference
on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at
Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 288.
69
ii) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh kumar D.
2012. Export packaging technology for jasmine: A success story of NAIP – value chain on
flowers for domestic and export markets. Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition
and Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 286.
iii) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.
2012. Success story marigold farming in Tamil Nadu: An intervention by NAIP – Value chain on
flowers for domestic and export markets. Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition
and Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 330.
iv) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Ganga M, Visalakshi M and Karuppusamy R. 2012. Wealth from
waste: an intervention by NAIP – Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets. Global
conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at
i) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Arulmozhiselvan K. 2012. Optimization of growing
th
media consortia for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.). 5 Indian Horticulture Congress, held
during 6-9 November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp. 150-151.
ii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan M and Jawaharlal M. 2012. Influence of pre- harvest precision
production technologies on post harvest shelf life of gundumalli (Jasminum sambac Ait.). Global
conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at
iii) Kalyanasundaram M, Jawaharlal M and Thiyagarajan P. 2012.Standardization of eco-friendly
methods to manage mites (Tetranychus urticae) infesting carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus
Linn.) Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options, held during
28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 235-236.
iv) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M and Dhinesh D. 2012. Standardization of fumigation techniques
for protected carnation cultivation. Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and
Livelihood options, held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa ,India, pp. 235.
v) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M, Dhinesh D and Ganga M. 2012. Optimization of precooling
temperature for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.). 5th Indian Horticulture Congress, held
during 6-9 November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp. 465.
vi) Karthikeyan S, Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2012. Effect of pulsing chemicals on post harvest
life of carnation. Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options,
held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 288- 289.
vii) Karuppusamy R, Sivakumar S D, Jawaharlal M, Sureshkumar D and Venkatesa Palanisamy N.
2012. Impact of NAIP- Value chain on Flowers for Domestic and Export Markets on Technology
Adoption among Jasmine Growers in Erode district. 5thIndian Horticulture Congress, held during
6-9, November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp. 533-534.
viii) Mekala P, Ganga M, Jawaharlal M and Kannan M. 2012. Tinting of tuberose (Polianthes
tuberosa L.) flowers. Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood
options, held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 289.
ix) Mekala P, Kumar N, Kannan M and Jawaharlal M. 2012. Estimating leaf area in Jasminum
sambac cv. Gundumalli by using linear measurement. 5th Indian Horticulture Congress, held
during 6-9 November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp.190.
x) Nakkeeran S, Indumathi T, Dhinesh D, Jawaharlal M, Renugadevi M, Chandrasekar G and
Jonathan E. 2012. Effect of liquid formulations of Bacillus spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
talc based formulation of Trichoderma viride for the management of carnation wilt incited by
Fusarium oxy sporum Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. dianthi (Prill & Declacr.) W. C. Snyd. & H. N. Hans.
under protected cultivation. 2nd International Symposium of Biopesticides and Ecotoxicological
Network (ISBioPEN), held during 24-26, September, Bangkok, Thailand, pp.48
70
b) National
i) Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M and Anandhi S. 2010. Plant diversity for value addition. 2010. In
National Conference on Plant diversity for Aesthetic Values and Landscape gardening, held
during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
ii) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S, Rajamani K and Natesan R. 2010. Response of carnation
(Dianthus caryophyllus L.) var. Madame Collette to boron with respect to calyx split incidence.
National Symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities, held during 19-21
March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.135-136.
iii) Jawaharlal M, Cintu S, Ganga M, Lakshmanan V and Visalakshi M. 2010 Dehydration
technology for Silver oak (Grevillea robusta) and Thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves for making dry
flower products. National symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities,
held during 19-21 March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.162-163.
iv) Anitha M, Visalakshi M, Subramanian S, Jawaharlal M and Lakshmanan V. 2010. Identification
and screening of plant species suitable for flower products. In: Abstract book of the National
Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening, held during 26 -
28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
v) Anitha M, Subramanian S, Jawaharlal M, Lakshmanan V and Cintu S. 2010. Glycerine method
of drying for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the National Conference on Plant diversity
for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil Nadu
vi) Anitha M, Subramanian S, Jawaharlal M, Lakshmanan V and Visalakshi M. 2010. The Shevroy
Hills – A potential source of raw plant materials for dry flower technology. National symposium
on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities, held during 19-21 March at Meerut,
Uttar Pradesh, pp.161-162.
vii) Cintu S, Jawaharlal M, Lakshmanan V and Ganga M. 2010. Standardization of bleaching and
dyeing techniques for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the National Conference on Plant
diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil
viii) Cintu S, Jawaharlal M, Lakshmanan V and Ganga M. 2010. Standardization of drying
techniques for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the National Conference on Plant
diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil
ix) Dhinesh D, Karthikeyan S and Jawaharlal M. 2010. Fumigation technique for protected
carnation cultivation. In National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and
Landscape gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, pp.122.
x) Muthulakshmi P, Jawaharlal M, Thiyagarajan P, Ganga M, Dhinesh D and Srithar N. 2010.
Ecofriendly management of Fusarium wilt (Fusaraium oxy sporum f. sp dianthi) in carnation. In
National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening, held
during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
xi) Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal M, Ganga M and Rajamani K. 2010. Long term storage of
tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) flowers under modified atmospheric packaging (Best oral
presentation). In National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape
Gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
xii) Visalakshi M, Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2010. Pine cones – A beautiful gift of nature suitable
dry flower products. In: Abstract book of the National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic
values and Landscape gardening, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore.
71
xiii) Visalakshi M, Jawaharlal M, Lakshmanan V and Rajaram P. 2010. Dry flower technology in
Tamil Nadu – An overview. National symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and
Opportunities, held during 19-21 March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.162.
8. Technical Bulletin
i) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Kumaresan S, Srithar N and Thiyagarajan P. 2010. Jasmine -
Technologies and value addition. Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.
ii) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh, D and Venkatesh V. 2011. Carnation - Cut flower
cultivation and Postharvest technology (In Tamil). Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,
Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.
iii) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Ganga M, Ravindran C, Jegadeeswari V, Padmadevi K and
Senthilkumar T. Jasmine – Flower cultivation and Post harvest technology (In Tamil).
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
and NAIP, New Delhi.
iv) Jawaharlal M, Kannan M, Ganga M, Visalakshi M, Ravindran C, Jegadeeswari V, Padmadevi K
and Senthilkumar T. Dry flowers (In Tamil). Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil
NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.
9. Manual
i) Karthikeyan S and Jawaharlal M. 2011. Hi- tech cut flower cultivation techniques. In training
manual on Horticultural technologies for conservation soil and water sources held during 8 - 12th
March at Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Ooty.
10. Seminar/ Symposium/ conference/ workshops presentations
i) Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2009. Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets'-
TNAU's NAIP project to gear up the floriculture industry. In: Abstract book of international
conference for livelihood security & economic growth held during 09-12 November at
Bangalore, India, pp.442.
ii) Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. Value chain management in ornamentals. 2010. National
Symposium on Lifestyle floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities, held during 19-21 March, at
Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.79-82.
iii) Kannan M, Bini Sundar S T and Swapna C. 2011. Precision production technologies to enhance
profitability in certain loose flower crops. In: National Conference on Recent Trends and Future
prospects in Floriculture, held during 5 -8 March at Sardhar Vallabhai Patel University of
Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (UP), pp. 43-44.
iv) Jawaharlal M. 2011. Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets. In: National
Conference on Recent Trends and Future prospects in Floriculture, held during 5 -8 March at
Sardhar Vallabhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (UP), pp.
52-56
v) Rajaram P, Visalakshi M, Jawharlal M, Lakshmanan V.2011. “Opportunities in Dry Flower
Industry for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises”. In Proceedings of National conference on
Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability, held during 16-19 March at Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, New Delhi, pp.36-39.
vi) Visalakshi M, Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2011. Dry flower products from waste materials – A
Novelty. International Conference on Food and Nutraceuticals for Nutrition and Health:
Technology and Delivery, pp. 222.
72
11. CDs/ Videos
a. CD
i) Jawaharlal M, Ganga M, Padmadevi R, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S. 2010. A Technical
guide on Carnation (English). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil Nadu
ii) Jawaharlal M, Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Venkatesh V. 2010. Carnation – Cut flower
cultivation and Postharvest Technology (in Tamil). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping,
iii) Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M, Anitha M, Ganga M and Vetrivel T. 2010. A Botanical catalogue of
Plant species used in Dry flower making. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil Nadu
b. Videos
i) Jawaharlal M. 2009. Value chain on jasmine – I. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore.
ii) Jawaharlal M. 2009. Value chain on marigold. Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
iii) Jawaharlal M. 2009. Value chain on dry flowers. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore.
iv) Jawaharlal M. 2010. Value chain on jasmine– II (updated). Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore.
v) Jawaharlal M. 2012. Value chain on carnation. Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
12. Popular articles in other language
i) Kalyanasundaram M, Jawaharlal M and Dhanavendan K. 2010. Marigold: Pest Management,
Ulavarin Valarum Velanmai, November, pp. 44-46.
ii) Muthulakshmi P, Jawaharlal M and Srithar N. 2010. Diseases free Marigold. Ulavarin Valarum
Velanmai, November, pp. 47-48.
iii) Sethumadhavan K. 2011. Jasmine flower exports to USA (Tamil). Ulavarin Valarum Velanmai,
May, pp.48-50.
iv) Venkatesh V. 2011. Carnation cultivation in greenhouse. (Tamil). Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai,
August, pp. 42 – 44.
v) Jawaharlal M, Visalakshi M and Vetrivel T. 2012. Export of dry flowers. Ulavarin Valarum
Velanmai, November, pp. 15 -18.
13. Folder/ leaflet/ handout
a) Folder
i) Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets
ii) Production technology in jasmine (English)
iii) Production technology in jasmine (Tamil)
iv) Precision production technology in marigold (English)
v) Mite and wilt - Serious menace in carnation (English)
vi) Mite and wilt - Serious menace in carnation (Tamil)
vii) Dry flowers products (Tamil)
viii) Dry flower technology (English)
ix) Dry flower technology (Tamil)
x) Compatibility chart for plant protection chemicals
73
b) Leaflet/Handout
i) Precision production technology of jasmine (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of
Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
ii) Precision production technology of marigold (Bilingual-Tamil & English). Department of
iii) Dry flower processing technology (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of Floriculture &
Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
iv) Fumigation techniques for protected cultivation (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of
v) Jasmine concrete extraction (Bilingual - Tamil & English). Department of Floriculture &
Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.
vi) Value added product of jasmine (English). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil
vii) Value chain on jasmine for export markets. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil
viii) Soil health card. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University,
Coimbatore.
74
PART-III: BUDGET AND ITS UTILIZATION
Consortium partner: M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt Ltd. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE Period from September, 2008 to March, 2014
Sanction Letter No. F.No:10(23)/Comp-2/2008 - NAIP Funds Received in each year
Total Sub-project Cost : Rs. 27.27 lakhs I Year : Rs. 7.16100 lakhs
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable): Rs. 44.39 lakhs II Year : Rs. 2.02565 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project : September, 2008 III Year : Rs. 8.73760 lakhs
Duration: From September, 2008 to March, 2014 (29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) IV Year : Rs. 5.89956 lakhs (619812-29856)*
Bank Interest received on fund ( if any) ` ____ Nil V Year : Rs. 1.02095 lakhs
Total amount received : Rs. 32.33662 lakhs VI Year : Rs. 7.49186 lakhs (839000-89814)*
Total expenditure : 32.33662 lakhs
Expenditure Head-wise: (Rs. In lakhs)
Sanctioned Heads Funds Funds Released Total Expenditure Incurred Total Balance Requirement Remarks
Allocated released Expenditure as on date of additional
(*) 31.03.14 funds
Year
1st Year 2ndyear 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14
A. Recurring
(1) TA 1.9800 0.3000 0.15000 0.3000 0.3000 0.05394 0.30000 1.40394 0.15000 0.3000 0.30000 0.30000 0.17093 0.18300 1.40393 0.000
(2) Workshops 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000
(3) Contractual 12.6300 0.9700 1.15065 2.3376 1.6877 0.22275 2.37186 8.74054 0.46065 1.6600 1.98624 2.03904 0.88966 1.70495 8.74054 0.000
Services/RA/SRF
(4)Operational cost 22.1300 5.5500 0.62500 5.7000 3.6000 0.62500 4.00000 20.10000 2.77500 3.4000 6.05136 3.24864 2.07575 2.54848 20.09923 0.00077
Sub-Total of A (1-4) 36.74000 6.8200 1.92565 8.3376 5.5877 0.90169 6.67186 30.24448 3.38565 5.3600 8.33760 5.58768 3.13634 4.43643 30.24370
B. HRD Component
(5) Training 6.2000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0750 0.6000 0.67500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300 0.37500 0.67500 0.000
(6) Consultancy 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000 Nil Nil
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 6.2000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0750 0.6000 0.67500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300 0.37500 0.67500 0.000
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000
(8) Furniture 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000
(9) Works (new 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000
renovation)
(10) Others (Animals, 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000
Books, etc.)
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.000
D. Institutional 1.46000 0.3410 0.1000 0.4000 0.31188 0.04426 0.22000 1.41714 0.17100 0.27000 0.40000 0.31188 0.20932 0.05572 1.41792 -0.00078
Charges*
Grand Total 44.40000 7.1610 2.02565 8.7376 5.89956 1.02095 7.49186 32.3366 3.55665 5.63000 8.73760 5.89956 3.64566 4.86715 32.3366 0.000
(A+B+C+D)
*2009-10 Excess expenditure incurred for Rs. 3.60335 is reduced in the respective columns in the expenditure statement
*2011-12 Refund amount of Rs. 0.29856 is reduced under Contractual services fund released.
*2013-14 Refund amount of Rs. 0.89814 is reduced under Contractual services fund released.
Name & Signature of CCPI : Name & Signature of CPI:

Date: (Mr. V. VENKATESH) Date : (Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL)
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE
Consortium Partner: M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. Period from September, 2008 to March, 2014
Sanction Letter No. F.No: 10(23)/Comp -2/2008-NAIP Funds Received in each year
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) -: Rs. 30.30 lakhs II Year : Rs. 2.0250 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project: September, 2008 III Year : Rs. 4.1867 lakhs
Duration: From September, 2008 to March, 2014 (29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) III Year : Rs. 3.1342 lakhs (358530-45120)*
Bank Interest received on fund ( if any) ` ____ Nil V Year : Rs. 1.0548 lakhs (133826-28350) *
Total amount received : Rs. 20.3192 lakhs VI Year: Rs. 5.9595 lakhs (765000-169050)*
Total expenditure : Rs. 20.3192 lakhs
Expenditure Head-wise:
Balance Require
Funds Total
Total as on ment of
Sanctioned Heads Allocated Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Expendit Remarks
released date addition
(*) ure
31.3.14 al funds
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year
A. Recurring Contingencies 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14
(1) TA 1.68 0.3000 0.1500 0.3000 0.3000 0.0690 0.3000 1.4190 0.1647 0.1471 0.3072 0.2928 0.0675 0.4382 1.4175
(2) Workshops 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
(3) Contractual Services/RA/SRF
9.12 0.9700 0.8300 2.0318 0.9698 0.2228 0.6895 5.7138 0.5923 1.0618 1.4210 1.5440 0.2228 0.8720 5.7138
(4)Operational cost 16.71 2.5000 0.9500 1.6449 1.6500 0.6250 4.0000 11.3699 1.1356 2.5983 2.0283 1.3074 0.6380 3.7114 11.4190
Sub-Total of A (1-4) 27.52 3.7700 1.9300 3.9767 2.9198 0.9168 4.9895 18.5027 1.8925 3.8072 3.7565 3.1442 0.9283 5.02160 18.5503
B. HRD Component
(5) Training 1.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0938 0.7500 0.8438 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0938 0.7500 0.8438
Nil Nil Nil
(6) Consultancy 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 1.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0938 0.7500 0.8438 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0938 0.7500 0.8438
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
(8) Furniture 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
(9) Works (new renovation) 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
(10) Others (Animals, Books,
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
etc.)
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
D. Institutional Charges* 1.28 0.1890 0.0950 0.2100 0.2144 0.0442 0.2200 0.9726 0.0000 0.2840 0.2100 0.2144 0.0457 0.1710 0.9251
Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 30.30 3.9590 2.0250 4.1867 3.1342 1.0548 5.9595 20.3192 1.8925 4.0912 3.9665 3.3586 1.0678 5.9426 20.3192
* Refunded to PIU, NAIP and reduced in the respective columns against the funds released.

Date: (Mr. N. ELANGO) Date : (Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL)
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE Period from September, 2008 to March, 2014
Consortium partner: M/s Vanguard Exports
Sanction Letter No. F.No:10(23)/Comp-2/2008-NAIP Funds Received in each year
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable): Rs. 29.71 lakhs II Year : Rs. 3.5018 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project : September, 2008 III Year : Rs. 4.2390 lakhs
Duration: From Sep, 2008 to Mar, 2014 (29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) III Year: Rs. 3.6849 lakhs (396590-28106) *
Bank Interest received on fund ( if any) ` ____ Nil V Year : Rs. 0.7818 lakhs (97076-18900)*
Total amount received : Rs. 22.3985 lakhs VI Year: Rs. 7.3849 lakhs (893000-154507)*
Expenditure Head-wise: (Rs. In lakhs)
Total Balance Require Remarks
Funds Total
Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Expendit as on ment of
Sanctioned Heads Alloc released ure date additional
ated
31.03.13 funds
(*) year
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th 5th year 6th year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008 -14 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14
A. Recurring
(1) TA 1.51 0.1250 0.2500 0.2150 0.0825 0.0575 0.500 1.2300 0.1462 0.2150 0.0825 0.1906 0.2016 0.3941 1.2299
(2) Workshops 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
(3) Contractual 10.39 1.3214 2.1640 1.7705 0.2228 1.0819 7.5306 0.6314 1.4864 2.0516 2.0565 0.8526 0.4521 7.5306
Services/RA/SRF 0.9700
(4)Operational cost 14.34 1.4000 1.5705 1.5000 1.4500 0.3750 4.753 11.0485 1.3205 1.8374 1.7109 1.3712 1.2017 3.6420 11.0837
Sub-Total of A (1-4) 26.24 2.495 3.1419 3.8790 3.3030 0.6553 6.3349 19.8091 2.0980 3.5388 3.8450 3.6183 2.2558 4.4882 19.8442
B. HRD Component
(5) Training 2.22 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.0938 0.750 1.5638 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.250 0.5938 1.5638
(6) Consultancy 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 Nil Nil Nil
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 2.22 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.0938 0.750 1.5638 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.250 0.59380 1.5638
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
(8) Furniture 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
(9) Works (new 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
renovation)
(10) Others (Animals, 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
Books, etc.)
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000
D. Institutional charges 1.25 0.131 0.18 0.18 0.2019 0.0328 0.300 1.0257 0.1310 0.1800 0.1800 0.1309 0.2303 0.1383 0.9906
Grand Total 29.71 2.8060 3.5019 4.2390 3.6849 0.7818 7.3849 22.3985 2.4090 3.8988 4.2050 3.9292 2.7362 5.2202 22.3985
(A+B+C+D)
*Refunded to PIU NAIP and reduced in the respective columns against the funds released.

Date: Date : (Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL)
(Mr. K. SETHUMATHAVAN)
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
Consortium leader : Lead Centre, TNAU STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE (Period from September, 2008 to March, 2014)
Sanction Letter No: F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP, Dt.22.08.2008 & 14.06.2011 Funds Received in each year (Rs. in lakhs)
Revised Sanction No. F.No.10(23)/Comp-2/2008-NAIP Dt.19.05.2013 I Year : Rs. 124.552 lakhs
Total Sub-project Cost: Rs.277.10 lakhs II Year : Rs. 45.57992 lakhs
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs.351.26 lakhs III Year ` : Rs. 51.53540 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project :September 2008 IV Year : Rs. 21.5239 lakhs (29.05101-7.52708)
Duration: From September 2008 to March 2014 (29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) V Year : Rs. 15.4426 lakhs(16.16622-0.72361)
Total amount received : Rs. 298.8518 lakhs VI Year : Rs. 40.2180 lakhs
Total expenditure : Rs. 298.0272 lakhs Bank Interest received on fund (if any) :Rs. 2.76101 lakhs
Expenditure Head-wise: Rs. In lakhs

Sanctioned Heads Funds Funds Released Total Expenditure Incurred Total Balance Require Re
Allocat fund Expendit as on ment of ma
ed (*) released ure date addition rks
al funds
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
A. Recurring
Contingent
(1) TA 13.770 1.3500 1.6500 2.1000 1.9425 1.5200 2.7740 11.3365 1.0541 1.9365 2.1260 1.9259 2.7940 1.4800 11.3165 0.020
(2) Workshops 4.750 1.000 0.2499 0.4978 0.4371 1.0000 0.75 3.9348 0.9999 0.2478 0.5000 0.4371 1.0000 1.3800 4.5648 - 0.630
(3) Contractual 79.950 8.690 9.1100 20.2176 5.8188 5.7340 15.6994 65.2756 5.7472 11.3480 13.2063 12.6699 11.0244 10.9043 64.9001 0.3755
Services/RA/SRF
(4) Operational costs 109.12 8.965 17.3350 24.2300 9.8300 5.3132 17.495 83.1682 5.6364 20.8806 24.3405 9.5868 6.8087 16.9108 84.1638 - 0.9956
Sub-Total of A (1 -4) 207.59 20.005 28.3449 47.0454 18.0284 13.573 36.7184 163.7151 13.4376 34.4129 40.1728 24.6197 21.6271 30.6751 164.9452 -1.2301
B. HRD Component
(5) National Training 6.630 1.0000 0.1000 0.0000 - 0.0976 0.000 0.000 1.0024 0.5029 0.4995 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.0024 0.000
NIl
Nil
(6)Growers’ Tr aining 0.1500 -0.0750 0.1500 0.3486 0.375 0.91 1.8586 0.090 0.1833 0 .1503 0.1481 0.2000 1.0869 1.8586 0.000
(6) Consultancy 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 6.630 1.1500 0.0250 0.1500 0.2510 0.375 0.91 2.8610 0.5029 0.6828 0.1503 0.1481 0.2000 1.0869 2.8610 0.000
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 89.590 89.600 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0068 0.00 0.000 89.5932 60.8395 28.7538 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 89.5933 0.000
(8) Furniture 2.490 1.5000 1.0000 0.0000 -0.0096 0.00 0.000 2.4904 1.4924 0.9980 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 2.4994 0.000
(9) Works (new 20.000 10.000 10.0000 0.0000 -0.0034 0.00 0.000 19.9966 10.0000 9.9966 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 19.9966 0.000
renovation)
(10) Others (Books, etc.) 2.000 0.000 2.0000 0.0000 -0.0005 0.00 0.000 1.9995 0.0000 1.9995 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 1.9995 0.000
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 114.08 101.100 13.0000 0.0000 -0.0203 0.000 0.000 114.0797 72.3319 41.7478 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 114.0797 0.000
D. Institutional 22.960 2.297 4.2100 4.3400 3.2648 1.4946 2.5896 18.1960 2.3000 4.2539 4.3416 3.2753 1.5225 0.448 16.1413 2.0547
Charges*
Grand Total 351.26 124.552 45.5799 51.5354 21.5239 15.4426 40.2180 298.8518 88.6624 81.0974 44.6647 28.0431 23.3496 32.2100 298.0272 0.8246
(A+B+C+D)
Name & Signature of CPI : Name & Signature of Competent Financial authority: Signature, name and designation of Consortia Leader:
(Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL) (Mrs. R. POONGOTHAI) (Dr. K. RAMASAMY)
VICE CHANCELLOR
Date: Date: Date:
Name & Signature of CCPI : Name & Signature of CPI :
(Mr. P. RAJARAM) (Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL)
Date:__________ Date:__________
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE - Value Chain on flowers for domestic and export markets (Final) (Period from September 2008 to March, 2014)
Sanction Letter No. F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP, Dt.22.08.2008 & 14.06.2011 Funds Received in each year (Rs. in lakhs)
Revised Sanction No. F.No.10(23)/Comp-2/2008-NAIP Dt.19.05.2013 I Year ` : Rs. 141.5670 lakhs
Total Sub-project Cost `: Rs.368.0449 lakhs II Year : Rs. 57.4482 lakhs
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost: Rs.486.30 lakhs III Year `: Rs. 73.8661 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project :September 2008 IV Year : Rs. 38.7101 lakhs
Duration: From September 2008 to March 2014 V Year : Rs. 19.1134 lakhs
(29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) VI Year : Rs. 70.53235 lakhs
Total amount received ` :Rs.401.23715 lakhs Bank Interest received on fund :Rs.2.76101 (Refunded Rs. 2.22128 lakhs on 31.03.2012)
Expenditure in lakhs
Total fund Balance Require

Funds Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Total
released as on ment of Remar
Sanctioned Heads Allocated Expenditu
date addition ks
(*) th re
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6 year 31.03.14 al funds
A. Recurring Contingent
(1) TA 20.7900 2.3750 2.4995 3.2150 2.9249 1.7654 4.2695 17.04930 1.8145 2.8986 3.1156 3.0093 3.39453 2.7953 17.02783 0.02147
(2) Workshops 4.7500 1.0000 0.2499 0.4978 0.4371 1.0000 0.7500 3.93480 0.9999 0.2478 0.5000 0.4371 1.0000 1.3800 4.5648 -0.6300
(3) Contractual
Services/RA/SRF 123.190 12.5700 13.7940 28.9830 11.7400 6.6308 23.77866 97.49646 8.1236 17.1106 20.515 20.29037 13.90821 15.68886 95.63664 1.85982
(4) Operational costs 176.520 19.9150 22.7248 35.3103 18.7800 7.3132 34.18650 138.22980 12.3618 30.95166 36.3841 17.76098 12.03765 29.81268 139.30887 -1.07907
Sub-Total of A (1 -4) 325.250 35.8600 39.2682 68.0061 33.8820 16.7094 62.98466 256.71036 23.2998 51.20866 60.5147 41.49775 30.34039 49.67684 256.53814 0.17222
B. HRD Component
(5) National
Training 18.7700 1.5100 0.3850 0.5100 0.6110 0.7314 3.91985 7.66725 0.9529 1.0428 0.5103 0.5081 1.0974 3.5557 7.6672 0.00005
Nil Nil
(6) Consultancy 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub-Total of B (5 -6) 18.7700 1.5100 0.3850 0.5100 0.6110 0.7314 3.91985 7.66725 0.9529 1.0428 0.5103 0.5081 1.0974 3.5557 7.6672 0.00005
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 89.590 89.600 0.000 0.000 -0.0068 0.000 0.000 89.5932 60.8395 28.7537 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 89.5932 0.000
(8) Furniture 2.490 1.500 1.000 0.000 -0.0096 0.000 0.000 2.4904 1.4924 0.9989 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.4904 0.000
(9) Works (new
renovation) 20.000 10.000 10.000 0.000 -0.0034 0.000 0.000 19.9966 10.0000 9.9966 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 19.9966 0.000
(10) Others (Books,
etc.) 2.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 -0.0005 0.000 0.000 1.9995 0.0000 1.9995 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.9995 0.000
Sub-Total of C (7 -
10) 114.080 101.100 13.000 0.000 -0.0203 0.000 0.000 114.0797 72.3319 41.7478 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 114.0797 0.000
D. Institutional
Charges 28.2000 3.0970 4.7950 5.3500 4.2374 1.6726 3.62784 22.77984 2.7410 5.1979 5.3516 4.17686 2.18282 0.99302 20.6432 2.13664
Grand Total
(A+B+C+D) 486.30 141.567 57.4482 73.8661 38.7101 19.1134 70.53235 401.23715 99.3256 99.19716 66.3766 46.18271 33.62061 54.22556 398.92824 230891
Name & Signature of CPI :

(Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL)
Date:__________
Consortium leader : Lead Centre, TNAU STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE (Period from September, 2008 to March, 2014)
Sanction Letter No: F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP, Dt.22.08.2008 & 14.06.2011 Funds Received in each year (Rs. in lakhs)
Revised Sanction No. F.No.10(23)/Comp-2/2008-NAIP Dt.19.05.2013 I Year : Rs. 124.552 lakhs
Total Sub-project Cost: Rs.277.10 lakhs II Year : Rs. 45.57992 lakhs
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs.351.26 lakhs III Year ` : Rs. 51.53540 lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project :September 2008 IV Year : Rs. 21.5239 lakhs (29.05101-7.52708)
Duration: From September 2008 to March 2014 (29.09.2008 to 31.03.2014) V Year : Rs. 15.4426 lakhs(16.16622-0.72361)
Total amount received : Rs. 298.8518 lakhs VI Year : Rs. 40.2180 lakhs
Total expenditure : Rs. 298.0272 lakhs Bank Interest received on fund (if any) :Rs. 2.76101 lakhs
Expenditure Head-wise: Rs. In lakhs

Sanctioned Heads Funds Funds Released Total Expenditure Incurred Total Balance Require Re
Allocat fund Expendit as on ment of ma
ed (*) released ure date addition rks
al funds
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year
A. Recurring
Contingent
(1) TA 13.770 1.3500 1.6500 2.1000 1.9425 1.5200 2.7740 11.3365 1.0541 1.9365 2.1260 1.9259 2.7940 1.4800 11.3165 0.020
(2) Workshops 4.750 1.000 0.2499 0.4978 0.4371 1.0000 0.75 3.9348 0.9999 0.2478 0.5000 0.4371 1.0000 1.3800 4.5648 - 0.630
(3) Contractual 79.950 8.690 9.1100 20.2176 5.8188 5.7398 15.6994 65.2756 5.7472 11.3480 13.2063 12.6699 11.0244 10.9043 64.9001 0.3755
Services/RA/SRF
(4) Operational costs 109.12 8.965 17.3350 24.2300 9.8300 5.3132 17.495 83.1682 5.6364 20.8806 24.3405 9.5868 6.8087 16.9108 84.1638 - 0.9956
Sub-Total of A (1 -4) 207.59 20.005 28.3449 47.0454 18.0284 13.5730 36.7184 163.7151 13.4376 34.4129 40.1728 24.6197 21.6271 30.6751 164.9452 -1.2301
B. HRD Component
(5) National Training 6.630 1.0000 0.1000 0.0000 - 0.0976 0.000 0.000 1.0024 0.5029 0.4995 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.0024 0.000
Nil
Nil
(6)Growers’ Training 0.1500 -0.0750 0.1500 0.3486 0.375 0.91 1.8586 0.090 0.1833 0 .1503 0.1481 0.2000 1.0869 1.8586 0.000
(6) Consultancy 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 6.630 1.1500 0.0250 0.1500 0.2510 0.375 0.91 2.86100 0.5929 0.6828 0.1503 0.1481 0.2000 1.0869 2.8610 0.000
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 89.590 89.600 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0068 0.00 0.000 89.5932 60.8394 28.7538 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 89.5932 0.000
(8) Furniture 2.490 1.5000 1.0000 0.0000 -0.0096 0.00 0.000 2.4904 1.4924 0.9980 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 2.4994 0.000
(9) Works (new 20.000 10.000 10.0000 0.0000 -0.0034 0.00 0.000 19.9966 10.0000 9.9966 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 19.9966 0.000
renovation)
(10) Others (Books, etc.) 2.000 0.000 2.0000 0.0000 -0.0005 0.00 0.000 1.9995 0.0000 1.9995 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.000 1.9995 0.000
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 114.08 101.100 13.0000 0.0000 -0.0203 0.000 0.000 114.0797 72.3318 41.7479 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 114.0797 0.000
D. Institutional 22.960 2.297 4.2100 4.3400 3.2648 1.4946 2.5896 18.1960 2.3000 4.2539 4.3416 3.2753 1.5225 0.448 16.1413 2.0547
Charges*
Grand Total 351.26 124.552 45.5799 51.5354 21.5239 15.4426 40.2180 298.8518 88.6623 81.0975 44.6647 28.0431 23.3496 32.2100 298.0272 0.8246
(A+B+C+D)
Name & Signature of CPI : Name & Signature of Dean (Hort.): Name & Signature of Competent Signature, name and designation
(Dr. M. JAWAHARLAL) (Dr. S. MARIAPPAN) Financial authority: (Mrs. R. POONGOTHAI) of Consortia Leader: (Dr. K. RAMASAMY)
VICE CHANCELLOR
Date:__________ Date:_________ Date:_________ Date:__________

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Xkk Ap ¢Tkn U

National Agricultural Innovation Project

Department of Floriculture & Landscaping

Component : 2 (Production to Consumption System)

Copyright : The information presented herein is contribution of the Consortia

Published by : Department of Floriculture & Landscaping,Horticultural College & Research Institute,

Compiled by : Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Dr. M. Kannan, Dr. M. Ganga, Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram,

Hindi translation : Mr. Surendranath Rayaprolu

Cover page photographs

Dr. K. Ramasamy, Ph.D. Coimbatore - 641 003

Place : Coimbatore - 641 003

Precision method Conventional method

In a trial conducted to standardize off-season flower production in Jasminum sambac through

In a trial to analyse the effect of

Biostimulants application - Xanthophyll enhancement in marigold

Field view Marigold L3 Hybrid

Treatments Application of biostimulants at

((Humic acid (0.2%) + Sea weed extract (0.25%))

Xanthophyll content - 1.92g/1000g

Marking planting distance

Thrips damage in flower bud

For the management of Fusarium

Flowers made as string Ready for airlifting to

Tied strings Strings are Ice gel Small boxes placed

Jasmine string treated

Scientific export packaging technology for Dubai market

Flowers made as string

Jasmine string treated

Treated jasmine strings

Contributors : 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore

Research taken up to standardize

Dried pods Soaked in 10% NaOH Treated with 2% NaOH + 2.5 %

Product developement Fully bleached pods

Score on dyeing consistency of jacaranda mimosifolia pods under

Response of dry flower products to drop test

Growers' training on jasmine

Hands on training on jasmine

Entrepreneurial training on jasmine

Growers' training on marigold

Growers' training on carnation

Hands' on training on Dry flowers

Entrepreneurial training on Dry flowers

Commodity group formation

Madurai malli Incubator

6. Value chain analysis

Particulars Channel I Channel II Channel III Channel IV

S. No Particulars Transportation Mode

Flow diagram on carnation value chain

Comparison of treated and untreated flowers after unpacking

Treated flowers UnTreated flowers

7. State Horticultural Department, Facilitated identification of beneficiaries for training

Sl. No. Publications Nos.

Few important publications in peer reviewed journals are given below.

B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc

1. Folders (10 Nos.) 5000 5000

16. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.

21. Awards and Recognitions

22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIPSustainability

S. Committee Chairman Members

S.No Details of meeting Date Place and Address of

Hands on training on jasmine 11 809

Cake boxes Flowers packed in thermocole boxes Thermosorbgel ice packs

7) Brief description of technology for release:

Precision method Conventional method