abstract

Testing protection motivation theory to reduce junk food consumption among adolescents.

I am Sana saeed, student of M.Sc Applied Psychology from Queen Mary College, Lahore
Pakistan. I am conducting a research under the supervision of miss Sahira batool as per
requirement of my degree. Title of the research is "Fast Food Consumption" I need your
questionnaire Fast Food consumption.
kindly send me and tell the name author of scale and also explain its scoring, reliability and
validity.

 Effect on the digestive and cardiovascular systems

 Sugar and fat.
 Sodium.
 Effect on the respiratory system
 Effect on the central nervous system
 Effect on the reproductive system.
 Effect on the integumentary system (skin, hair, nails).
 Effect on the skeletal system (bones)
 Effects of fast food on society
Fast food consumption and increased body mass index as risk factors for weight gain
and obesity
Fast-food outlet availability and obesity:
Effects of health star labelling on the healthiness of adults' fast food meal selections

Fast-Food Offerings in the United States in 1986, 1991, and 2016 Show Large Increases
in Food Variety, Portion Size, Dietary Energy, and Selected Micronutrients

Researchers have discovered high levels of insulin caused by consuming too much junk food, or a
bad diet, may affect the brain.
Prior research already confirmed bad diets are linked to dementia due to high blood pressure and cholesterol
disrupting the blood supply to the brain, but research now demonstrates it can also prevent brain cells from
responding properly to insulin.

in addition to depression, excessive fast food consumption is linked to anxiety symptoms.

The refined carbohydrates in many fast food items can cause your blood sugar to fluctuate.
Extremely low blood sugar can cause panic attacks, insomnia, and other anxiety symptoms.
In addition, the lack of omega-3 fatty acids in fried food can cause your brain to mimic
anxiety symptoms
Mental Effects of a Fast Food Diet
Links to Depression
The Shrunken Hippocampus
Attention Deficit Disorder
A Healthy Lifestyle

Effect of fast food

Acne high cholesterol blood sugar spike
Headache weight gain insulin resistance
Bloating puffiness extra calories high blood pressure
Shortness of breath dental distress depression
Heart disease and stroke obesity inadequate growth and development
Poor Concentration Levels And Constant Fatigue cardiovascular desease
nutrition related chronic diseases (NRCDs) like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some forms
of cancer.

1:Fast food consumption and overweight/obesity prevalence in students and its association
with general and abdominal obesity
2:The relationship between fast food and obesity

3:Relationship of Attitudes Toward Fast Food and Frequency of Fast‐food Intake in Adults

4:Fast Food Consumption and its Relation to Mental Health

5:Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity
6:perception of risk factors related to fast food consumption and their eating habits
7:Cost and Calorie Analysis of Fast Food Consumption in College Students
8:Study of Consumption, Behavior and Awareness of Fast Food
9:FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR AMONG GENERATION
10:Fast Food Pattern and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Studies
11:Fast Food Consumption and Breakfast Skipping: Predictors of Weight Gain from
Adolescence to Adulthood
12:Fast food consumption and its associations with heart rate, blood pressure, cognitive
function and quality of life
13:Influence of child-targeted fast food TV advertising exposure on fast food intake
14:Obesity under affluence varies by welfare regimes: The effect of fast food, insecurity,
and inequality

5 Harmful Effects of Junk Food

1 It can cause memory and learning problems

A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2011 showed that healthy
people who ate junk food for only 5 days performed poorly on cognitive tests that measured
attention, speed, and mood
2. Increases the risk of dementia
3. Lessens its ability to control appetite

Excess consumption of trans fats found in fried and processed foods can send mixed signals to
the brain which makes it difficult to process what you have eaten and how hungry are. This is
probably why you end up overeating. Healthy brain functions require a daily dose of essential
fatty acids like omega-6 and omega-3. Deficiency of these two elements increases the risk
of attention deficit disorder, dementia and bipolar disorder and other brain-related
problems.
4. It can cause chemical changes that can lead to depression
y consuming too much fast food you may lose out on essential nutrients like amino acid
tryptophan, the lack of which can increase feelings of depression. An imbalance of fatty acids is
another reason why people who consume more junk food are at a higher risk of depression.
5. It makes you impatient and can cause uncontrollable cravings

Here are their top reasons for eating fast-food meals, according to the percentages of people who
agreed with each statement:

1. They're quick: 92.3%

2. They're easy to get to: 80.1%
3. I like the taste of fast food: 69.2%
4. They're inexpensive: 63.6%
5. I'm too busy to cook: 53.2%
6. It's a "treat" for myself: 50.1%
 7. I don't like to prepare foods myself: 44.3%
8. My friends/family like them: 41.8%
9. It is a way of socializing with friends and family: 33.1%
10. They have many nutritious foods to offer: 20.6%
11. They're fun and entertaining: 11.7%

https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/499147

https://capmh.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13034-017-0194-z