Practice Question Lecture # 35

Question:

Find the dominant Eigen pair (i.e. the Eigen value and Eigen vector) by using the Power Method
for the following matrix.
4 1  1 
A=   , x0 =  
1 3 0 
Solution:
 4 1 1   4 
= Axo =    
 1 3  0   1 
uo = 4
1 1 4  1 
= =Axo =
4 1  1/ 4 
x1
uo  
 4 1  1  17 / 4   4.25
=
Ax1  =  =   
1 3 1/ 4   7 / 4  1.75 
u1 = 4.25
Repeat the process until you get the repeated value of u.

Question:
1  3 1
Perform next iteration for power method, where Axo =   ,where A= 
2 2 7 
Solution:
µo = 2
1
x1 = Axo
µo
1 1   1 2  .5
= = = 
2  2  1  1 
x1

3 1  0.5
Ax1 = 
2 7  1 

Questions:
 3 1 2
Perform next iteration for power method, where Ax1 =   , where A= 
8 3 6 

Solution:
 Same process as above.

Question

 1 
 0 
 3 
 1 1 
Check whether the matrix  −  has orthonormal columns or not?
 3 2 
 1 1 
 3 2 

Solution:
 1 
 0 
 3 
 1 1 
=u  −
 3 2 
 1 1 
 3 2 

An m × n matrix U has orthonormal columns if and only if UTU = I

 1 1 1 
 3 3 3 
UT =  
 1 1 
0 − 
 2 2 

 1 
0 
 1 1 1  3
 
 3 3 3  1 1 
UU = 
T
 − =I
 1 1  3 2 
− 
0 2   1 
 2 1
 2 
 3
The columns of U are orthonormal.
Question:

 −2  7
 −3  −2 
=
Determine whether the vectors y = ,z   are orthogonal.
4 1
   
1 4

Solution:

y. z = -14+6+4+4 = 0
∴ y and z are orthogonal.

Question

7  −1 
Find the distance =
between x =  and y   .
 −3  −2 

Solution:

dis ( x, y ) = x − y = 7 − (−1) + −3 − (−2) = 82 + 1 = 65

2 2 2

Question:

3  2 

Let u = −4  , v  −5 .Compute and compare u.v, u 2 , v 2 and u + v 2 .
=
   
 −2   7 
Solution:

u=
.v 3(2) + (−4)(−5) + (−2)(7)
u = u.u
2

v = v.v
2

u + v =(u + v).(u + v)
2
 Question:
 4
 −3 2
Let u =   , v =   , w =  −4  .Find

4  3   −2 
v.u
(a)
u.u

(b) w

u.v
(c) ( )v
v.v
Same process as in above question.

Question:

Express the vector v in terms of the orthogonal basis B = {u 1 , u 2 , u 3 }, where

 −2  2   −3   −3
 3  1   −1  2
=v  =  ,u =  ,u =  ,u  
 5  1 3  2  −1  3 0
       
 − 1  −1  0 1

Solution:

Use the following formula:

v.u1 v.u2 v.u3

v= .u1 + .u2 + .u3
u1.u1 u2 .u2 u3 .u3
 Question:

Determine whether the set S= { u 1, u 2, u 3 } is an orthogonal set?

1  0   −5 
 −2  ,
Where u 1 =    −2 
  u2 =
1  , u 3 =
 
1   2  1 

Solution:

If u1.u2, u1.u3 and u2.u3 are equal to zero then the S is an orthogonal set.

Question:

3  2 
Compute the orthogonal projection of   onto the line through   and the origin.
4  −5
Solution:

y.u
yˆ = .u
u.u
Then compute
ŷ − y
3  2 
Here y= y =   , and u= 
4  −5

Question:

1 4
=
Let y = and u   . Compute the distance from y to the line through u and the origin.
1 3 
Solution:
Since we know that the distance from a vector y to a line through the line from u
and origin is y − projection of y on u also we know that

projection of y on u
y.u
yˆ = u
u.u

Then compute
ŷ − y
3  2 
Here y= y =   , and u= 
4  −5

Question:
Find the orthogonal projection of y onto Span{u1 , u2 } .
 −8 1  2 
y=      − 4
 −5 , u1 =
 2  , u2 =
 
 4   −3  7 
Solution:
Same as above

Question:
Find a least square solution for the system Ax = b
3 2 1 
Where A = 1  0  , b =  −2 

 4 3 3 

Solution:

First Compute AT A and AT b

Then using the formula

AT Ax = AT b

Compute the value of x.

 Question
Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to transform the vectors u1= (1, 0, 0), u2= ( 0,1, 0 ) , u3= ( 0, 0,1)
into an orthonormal basis.
Solution:

Let v1 = u1
Now
u .v
v=
2 u2 − 1 1 v1
v1.v1
 u .v u .v 
v2 =u3 −  3 1 v1 + 3 2 v2 
 v1.v1 v2 .v2 
Thus v 1 , v 2 , v 3 are orthonormal basis.

Question

 6  − 4
=
Let W = Span {x 1 , x 2 }, where x1 = 0  , x2  3  . Construct an orthogonal basis {v , v } for
  1 2
 −2   −2 
W.
Solution:

Same as above.

Question

4
Let W be the subspace of R 2 spanned by   . Find a unit vector that is a basis for W.
6 
Solution:
Let
4
y= 
6 
y = 42 + 62 = 16 + 36 = 52
2

Now compute y = 52

So
1 4  2 / 13 
=z =    
2 13 6  3 / 13 