CLINICAL LABORATARY

EQUIPMENTS
 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
Colorimeter , Spectrophotometer, Spectro Fluorometer, Flame
Photometer, Analytic Balance, Filtration, Distillation, Electrophoresis,
Chromatography, Blood gas Analyzer, Cell counter, pH meter.
• Centrifuge
• Autoanalyzer
• Cell Counter
• Microscope
•
 CENTRIFUGE
Definition:
• A laboratory centrifuge is a motor-driven device.
• Separating the components of a liquids.
• Plasma + (WBC & Platelets) + RBC

Principle:
Sedimentation principle
Centrifugal acceleration causes denser substances
and particles to move outward in the radial direction.
At the same time, objects that are less dense are
displaced and moved to the center.
 CENTRIFUGE

Working:
• Inspect centrifuge bottles and tubes for cracks before
use.
• Wipe the outside of the tube with disinfectant before
placing it in the centrifuge.
• Clearly label tubes for identification.
• Load the tubes opposite each other in the centrifuge.
• Enter the centrifugation speed.
• Close the lid.
• Remove the tubes carefully after the centrifuge has
completely stopped spinning.
 CENTRIFUGE

Manufacturer: EPPENDORF
Type: Swing Bucket and Fixed Motors
Model: Centrifuge 5804 R
Rate: ₹ 35 K
Maintenance: Half Yearly
Function: RPM(3000-5000) -10 Mins
Problems: Imbalance
Dust at rollers
Keypads Worn off
 AUTOANALYZER
Definition:
• The AutoAnalyzer is an automated analyzer
used for multiple analysis in a limited time, first
made by the Technicon Corporation.
• Measure different chemicals and other
characteristics in a number of biological samples
quickly.
Principle:
Continuous flow analysis (CFA)
Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA)
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)
Photometric
 AUTOANALYZER
Determine levels of
• Albumin
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Aspartate transaminase (AST)
• Blood urea nitrogen
• Bilirubin
• Calcium
• Cholesterol
• Creatinine
• Glucose
• Inorganic phosphorus
• Proteins
• Uric acid in blood serum
 AUTOANALYZER

Working:
• Check the level of reagents prior to beginning for
refilling purpose.
• Inspect autoanalyzer bottles and tubes for cracks before
use.
• Wipe the outside of the tube with disinfectant before
placing it in the autoanalyzer.
• Clearly label tubes for identification.
• Load the tubes into the equipment.
• Close the lid.
• Analyse and give the result of sample.
 AUTOANALYZER

Manufacturer: SIEMENS
Type: Immunoassay + Bio-Chemistry
Model: Centaur XP
Rate: ₹ 10 Lakhs
Maintenance: Half Yearly
Function: 240 Tests/Hour
Problems:Temperature
Dust at rollers
Leakage
 CELL COUNTER
Definition:
• Automated cell counters are machines that
automatically count cells.
• It is based on differential counting.
• Types :
• 5 parts
• 3 parts

Principle:
Electrical Resistance.
Flowcytometry
Image based
CELL COUNTER
 CELL COUNTER

Manufacturer: Mindray
Type: 5 Parts
Model: BC 6000
Rate: ₹ 4.85 Lakhs
Maintenance: Half Yearly
Function: 110 Tests/Hour
Problems:Temperature
Dust at rollers
Leakage
 MICROSCOPE
Definition:
• An optical instrument that uses a lens or a
combination of lenses to produce magnified
images of small objects, especially of objects too
small to be seen by the unaided eye.
Principle:
A general biological microscope mainly consists
of an objective lens, ocular lens, lens tube, stage,
and reflector.
An object placed on the stage is magnified
through the objective lens. When the target is
focused, a magnified image can be observed
through the ocular lens.
 MICROSCOPE
Working:
• Turn the revolving turret (2) so that the lowest power objective lens (eg. 4x) is clicked into
position.
• Place the microscope slide on the stage (6) and fasten it with the stage clips.
• Look at the objective lens (3) and the stage from the side and turn the focus knob (4) so the
stage moves upward. Move it up as far as it will go without letting the objective touch the
coverslip.
• Look through the eyepiece (1) and move the focus knob until the image comes into focus.
• Adjust the condenser (7) and light intensity for the greatest amount of light.
• Move the microscope slide around until the sample is in the centre of the field of view (what
you see).
• Use the focus knob (4) to place the sample into focus and readjust the condenser (7) and light
intensity for the clearest image (with low power objectives you might need to reduce the light
intensity or shut the condenser).
• When you have a clear image of your sample with the lowest power objective, you can
change to the next objective lenses. You might need to readjust the sample into focus and/or
readjust the condenser and light intensity. If you cannot focus on your specimen, repeat steps
3 through 5 with the higher power objective lens in place. Do not let the objective lens touch
the slide!
• When finished, lower the stage, click the low power lens into position and remove the slide.
 MICROSCOPE

Manufacturer: OLYMPUS
Type: Binocular
Model: CX21I
Rate: ₹ 60 K
 INCUBATOR
Definition:
A laboratory incubator is a heated, insulated box used to
grow and maintain microbiological or cell cultures.
The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity
and gaseous content of the atmosphere inside.

Principle:
The principle of operation is based on a patented fine air
ventilation via fan in an electrically heated chamber.
The patented thermodynamic system thermal screw
ensures creation of a homogenous air stream that spirally
rises inside the working chamber.
 INCUBATOR
WORKING:
• Ensure that the incubator is properly connected
to the power supply.
• Turn on the red color power knob towards 0-1.
• Turn on the cooling knob towards 0-1.
• Set the higher temperature 23 OC by pressing
the ‘SET POINT -2’
• Record the temperature twice daily in the
morning and in the evening. The temperature
should not differ ± 2° C from the set
temperature.
 INCUBATOR

Manufacturer: STERICOX
Type: Bacteriological (3S)
Model: STXBI127
Rate: ₹ 4.85 Lakhs
Problems : Temperature Control
Trays Breakage