DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abram, S. V., Wisner, K. M., Fox, J. M., Barch, D. M., Wang, L. Csernansky, J.
G., et al. (2016). Fronto-temporal connectivity predicts cognitive empathy
deficits and experiential negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Journal of
Human Brain Mapping, 38(3), 1111-1124.

Adamson, K., & Johnson, S. K. (2013). An updated and expanded meta-analysis

of nonresident fathering and child well-being. Journal of Family Psychology,
27(4), 589-599.

Adiyanti. M.G. (1985). Perkembangan kelekatan anak (Tesis tidak terpublikasi,

Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta).

Ahyani, L. N., & Astuti, D. (2013). Pengaruh cbt (cognitive behavior therapy)
dalam memperkuat tiga pilar kecerdasan moral (empati, nurani, dan kontrol
diri) pada remaja dengan perilaku agresif. Laporan Akhir Penugasan
Penelitian-Penelitian Dosen Pemula, Universitas Muria Kudus, Kudus.
Diakses pada tanggal 5 Juni 2016, dari http://eprints.umk.ac.id/4368/.

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A

theoretical Review of the Infant-Mother Relationship. Journal of Child
Development, 40(4), 969-1025.

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Sally, W. (1978). Patterns of
attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. New York:
Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. Journal of American

Psychologist, 44, 709-716.

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015). Patterns of
attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. New York:
Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Allen JP, Land D. Attachment in adolescence. In: Cassidy, J., Shaver, P. R (Ed.).
Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp.
319–335). New York: Guilford Press; 1999.

Allen, J. P., McElhaney, K. B., Land, D. J., Kuperminc, G. P., Moore, C. W.,
O‘Beirne-Kelly, et al. (2003). A secure base in adolescence: Markers of
attachment security in the mother-adolescent Relationship. Journal of Child
Development, 74(1), 292-307.

Allewmand, M., Steiger, A. E., & Fend, H. A. (2014). Empathy development in

adolescence predicts social competencies in adulthood. Journal of
Perspective, 83(2), 229-241.

117
 118

Alink, L. R. A., Cicchetti, D., Kim, J., Rogosch, F. A. (2009). Mediating and
moderating processes in the relation between maltreatment and
psychopathology: Mother-child relationship quality and emotion regulation.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6), 831-843.

Amen, D. G., Trujillo, M., Keator, D., Taylor, D. V., Willeumier, K., Meysami, S et
al. (2017). Gender-based cerebral perfusion differences in 46,034
functional neuroimaging scans. Journal of Neuroscience, doi:10.3233/JAD-
170432.

Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman B. J., et al.
(2010). Violent video games effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial
behavior in eastern and western countries: a meta-analytic review. Journal
of Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 151-173.

Andreou, A. (2006). Social preference, percieved popularity, and social

intelegence: Relations to overt and relational aggression. Journal of School
Psychology International, 27(3), 339-351.

Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, l. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young

adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of Perspective Social
Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.

American Psychological Association. (2015). APA Dictionary of Psychology.

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Archer, J. (2004). Six differences in agression in real-world settings: A meta-

analytic review. Journal of Review of General Psychology, 8(4), 291-332.

Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2005). An integrated review of indirect, relational, and
social aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 212–230.

Ardizzi, M., Umiltà, M. A., Evangelista, V., Di Liscia, A., Ravera, R., Gallese, V.
(2016). Less Empathic and More Reactive: The different impact of
childhood maltreatment on facial mimicry and vagal regulation. Plos One,
11(9).

Armsden, G. G., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer
attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological
well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 16(5), 427-454.

Armsden, G. G., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). Inventory of parent and peer

attachment (IPPA). College of health and human development, Penn State
University.

Arsenio, W. F., & Lemerise, E. A. (2001). Varieties of childhood bullying: Values,

emotion processes and social competence. Journal of Social Development,
10(1), 59-73.
 119

Azwar, S. (2010). Asumsi-asumsi dalam inferensi statistika. Diakses pada

tanggal 28 Oktober 2016, dari http://azwar.staff.ugm.ac.id/files/
2010/04/Asumsi-asumsi-dalam-Inferensi-Statistika1.pdf

Azwar, S. (2014). Metodologi penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Azwar, S. (2014). Penyusunan skala psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Azwar, S. (2015). Validitas dan reliabilitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Baker, A. J. L., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2014). Parental bonding and parental

alienation as correlates of psychological maltreatment in adults in intact and
non-intact families. Journal of Child Family Studies, DOI: 10.1007/s10826-
014-0108-0.

Badrun, S. (2011). Memahami perilaku agresif: Sebuah tinjauan konseptual.

Jurnal Informasi, 16(3), 189-202.

Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Social psychology and human

nature (3rd ed). Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.

Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Encyclopedia of social psychology. Los

Angeles: Sage Publications.

Barrocas, A. L. Adolescent attachment to parents and peers (Published thesis,

Emory College of Arts and Science, Georgia).

Baron, R. A., & Branseombe, N. R., (2012). Social Psychology (13th Ed). New
Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological

answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

Becker-Weidmen, A. (2006). Treatment for children with trauma- attachment

disorders: Dyadic developmental psychotherapy. Journal of Child and
Adolescent Social Work, 23 (2): 147- 171.

Becker-Weidman, A., Shell, D. (2010). Attachment parenting: Developing

connections and healing children. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.

Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1986). The Pennsylvania infant and family
development project I: Stability and change in mother-infant and father-
infant interaction in a family setting at 1-to-3-to-9 months. Journal of Child
Development, 55, 692-705.

Bernier, A., Bélanger, M.-È., Bordeleau, S., & Carrier, J. (2013). Mothers, fathers,
and toddlers: Parental psychosocial functioning as a context for young
children‘s sleep. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 49(7), 1375-1384.
 120

Berger, C., Karimpour, R., & Rodkin, P.C. (2008). Bullies and Victims at School:
Perspectives and Strategies for Primary Prevention. In T. Miller (Ed.).
School Violence and Primary Prevention (pp. 287-314). New York:
Springer-Verleg.

Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. USA:

McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Bjӧ rkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992).Do girls manipulate
and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect
aggression. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117-127.

Bjӧ rkqvist, K., (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect
aggression: A review of recent research. Journal of Sex Roles, 30(3-4),
177-188.

Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1994). Sex differences in

covert aggression among adults. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 20, 27-
33.

Bischof-Köhler, D. (1989/1993). Reflection and empathy . The beginnings of

social cognition . Bern: Huber.

Blain, M. D., Thompson, J. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (1993). Attachment and

perceived social support in late adolescence: The interaction between
models of self and others. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(2), 226-241.

Blakemore, S. J., & Mills, K. L. (2014). Is adolescence a sensitive period for

sociocultural processing? Journal of Annual Review of Psychology, 65,
187-207.

Burnstein, E., & Worchel, P. (1962). Arbitrariness of frustration and its

consequences for aggression in a social situation. Journal of Personality,
30, 528-541.

Bojana, D. M., Jasmina, K. S., Valentina, S. T., Ilija, M. Z. (2016). Empathy and
peer violence among adolescents: Moderation effect of gender. Journal of
School Psychology International, 37(4), 359-377.

Bourçois, V. (1993). The influence of the father's modes of engagement on the

emotional and social development of the young child (Published
dissertation, University Toulouse-Le Mirail, France).

Bowlby, J. (1951). Maternal care and mental health. World Health Organization
Monograph (Serial No. 2).

Bowlby, J. (1953). Child care and the growth of maternal love. London: Penguin
Books
 121

Bowlby, J. (I980). Attachment and loss, Vol. 3: Loss, sadness and depression.
New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: parent-child attachment and healthy human

development. London: Basic Books.

Boyd, D., & Bee, H. (2006). Lifespan development (4th ed.). New Jersey:
Pearson/Allyn Bacon.

Bretherton, I. (1992). The origin of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary
Ainsworth. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28, 759-775.

Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., & Finch, S. (1993). Role of mutual attachment in drug
use: A longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(5), 982-989.

Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Parent- child attachment and internalizing
symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a review of empirical findings and
future directions. Journal of Development and Psychopatology, 22, 177-
203.

Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E.
(2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Journal of Child
Development, 71(1), 127–136

Campbell, D. W., & Eaton, W. O. (1999) Sex differences in the activity level of
infants. Journal of Infant and Child Development, 8, 1-17.

Cassidy, J & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research

and clinical applications (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

Cheng, Y. Chou, K. H., Decety, J., Chen, I. Y., Hung, D., Tzeng, O. J. L, & Lin, C.
P. (2009). Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of human mirror-neuron
system: a voxel-based morphometric investigation. Journal of
Neuroscience, 158, 713-720.

Cleverley, K. (2011). Indirect and physical aggression in childhood and

adolescence and outcomes in emerging adulthood (Published dissertation,
McMaster University, Ontario).

Cooke, A. N. (2015). Facial mimicry versus perspective-taking: Decoding

instructional sets as empathy-inducing strategies (Unpublished thesis,
Appalacian State University, North Carolina).

Collins, W.A., & Repinski, D.J. (1994). Relationships during adolescence:

Continuity and change in interpersonal prespective. In Montemayor, R.,
Adams, G., & Gullotta, T (Eds.), Personal relationships during adolescence
(pp. 1- 36). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
 122

Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape

perceptions of social support: Evidence from experimental and
observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3),
363-383.

Collins, W. A., & Steinberg, L. (2006). Adolescent developmental in interpersonal

context: Socioemotional processes. New York: Wiley.

Condon, J., Corkindale, C., & Boyce, P. (2013). A longitudinal study of father-to-
infant attachment: antecedents and correlates. Journal of Reproductive and
Infant Psychology, 31(1): 15- 30.

Crick, N. R. (1995). Relational aggression: The role of intent, attributions, feel-

ings of distress, and provocation type'. Journal of Development and
Psychopathology, 7, 313-322.

Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social

information-processing mechanisms in children‘s social adjustment.
Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74–101.

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender and

social—psycological adjustment. Journal of Child Development, 66(3), 710-
722.

Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E. M., & Lekka, S. K. (2007). Pathway from marital
aggression to infant emotion regulation: The development of withdrawal in
infancy. Journal of Infant Behavior Development, 30(1), 97-113.

Crittendon, P. M., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989) ‗Child maltreatment and

attachment theory‘, in Cicchetti, D (Eds.). Child Maltreatment (pp. 432–63).
New York: Cambridge University Press.

Coley, R. L. (2003). Daughter-father relationships and adolescent psychosocial

functioning In low income African-American families. Journal of Marriage
and Family, 65(4), 867-875.

Coyne, S. M., Archer J., & Eslea M. (2006). ―We‘re not friends anymore! Unless.‖:
The frequency and harmfulness of indirect, relational, and social
aggression. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 32. 294–307.

Cyr, M., Pasalich, D. S., McMahon, R. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2014). The
longitudinal link between parenting and child aggression: The moderating
effect of attachment security. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human
Development, 45(5), 555-564.

Davis, M. H. (1980). A multdimensional approach to individual: Differences in

empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Document in Psychology, 10, 85.
 123

Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a

multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
44, 113– 126.

Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2006). A social-neuroscience perspective on

empathy. Journal of Neuroimage 15(2), 429-439.

Demidenko, N., Manion, I., & Lee, C. M. (2015). Father-daughter attachment and
communication in depressed and nondepressed adolescent girls. Journal of
Child Family Study, 24(6), 1727- 1734.

DeWall, C. N., & Anderson, C. A. (2011). The general aggression model:

theoretical extensions to violence. Journal of Psychology of Violence, 1(3),
245-258.

Dimberg, U., & Thunberg, M. (1998). Rapid facial reactions to emotional facial
expressions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39(1), 39-45.

Dodge, K. A. (1980) Social cognition and children‘s aggressive behavior. Journal

of Child Development, 51(1), 162–170.

Dollard, J., & Miller, N.E. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York:
McGraw-Hill

Durkin, K. (1995). Developmental Social Psychology: From infancy to old age.

London: Wiley-Blackwell.

Eagly, A H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. Journal of

Eileen, R., & Sylvina, S. (2006). Empati: Sebuah resonansi dari perasaan.
Diakses pada atanggal 5 September 2016, dari https://www.
kompasiana.com /dhamas/ empati- sebuah- resonansi- dari-perasaan_
54ff0fbca33311e84150f877.

Eisenberg, N., & Strayer, J. (1987a). Critical issues in the study of empathy. In
Eisenberg, N., & J. Strayer, J (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 3-
13). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Eisenberg, N. (2000). Empathy and sympathy. In Lewis, M., & HavilandJones, J.

M. (Eds.). Handbook of emotions (2nd ed.) (pp. 677-691). New York:
Guilford Press.

Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, F. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Series

Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3.
Social, emotional and personality development (5th ed., pp. 701–778). New
York, NY: Wiley.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. (2006). Prosocial development. In

Eisenberg, N (Ed.). Handbook of child psychology: Social emotional, and
 124

personality development (6th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 646–718). Hoboken, NJ: John
Wiley & Sons.

Eliasa, E. I. (2011). Pentingnya kelekatan orang tua dalam internal working

model untuk pembentukan karakter anak. Dalam Musfiroh, T., Karakter
sebagai saripati tumbuh kembang anak usia dini. Yogyakarta: Inti Media
Yogyakarta.

Enderson, I. M., & Olweus, D. (2001). Self-reported empathy in Norwegian

adolescent: Sex differences, age trends, and relationship to bullying. In
Bohart, A., & Stipek, D (Eds.). Constructive and destructive behavior:
Implications for family, school, and society (pp. 147-165). Washington DC:
American Psychological Association.

Ervika, E. (2005). Kelekatan (Attachment) Pada Anak. E-journal USU Repository.

Diakses pada tanggal 6 Juni 2016, dari library.usu.ac.id.

Eslea, M. (2010). Direct and indirect bullying: Which is more distressing? In

Österman, K (Eds.), Indirect and direct aggression (pp. 69-84). Frankfurt:
Peter Lang.

Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008). Theories of personality (6th Ed.). Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar.

Fesbach, N. D. (1969). Sex differences inchildren‘s modes of aggressive

responses toward outsiders. Journal of Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 15, 249-
258.

Feshbach, N. D., & Sones, G. (1971). Sex differences in adolescent reactions

toward newcomers. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 249-258.

Fikkers, K. M., Piotrowski, J. T., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2017). a matter of style?

Exploring the effects of parental mediation styles on early adolescents‘
media violence exposure and aggression. Journal of Computers in Human
Behavior, 70, 407-415.

Finkel, E. J. (2007). Impelling and inhibiting forces in the perpetration of intimate

partner violence. Review of General Psychology, 11, 193–207.

Finkenauer, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. (2002). Keeping secrets from
parents: Advantages and disadvantages of secrecy in adolescence. Journal
of Youth and Adolescence, 2, 123 – 136.

French, D.C., Jensen, E. A., & Pidada, S. (2002). United States and Indonesian
children‘s reports of Relational Aggression by disliked peers. Journal of
Child Behavior, 73(4), 1143-1150.

Friedlander, L. J., Connolly, J. A., Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. M. (2013).

Extensiveness and persistence of aggressive media exposure as
 125

longitudinal risk factors for teen dating violence. Journal of Psychology of

Violence, 3(4), 310-322.

Forrest, S., Eatough, V., & Shevlin, M. (2005). Measuring adult indirect
aggression: The development and psychometric assessment of the Indirect
Aggression Scales. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 31, 84-97.

Garandeau, C. F., & Cillesen, A. H. N. (2006). Withdrawn: From indirect

aggression to invisible aggression: A conceptual view of bullying and peer
group manipulation. Journal of Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(6),
641-654.

Gavin, H. (2011). Sticks and stones may break my bones: An examination of the
effects of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and
Trauma, 20(5), 503–529.

Gavin, H., & Porter, T. (2015). Female aggression. West Sussex: Willey
Blackwell.

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s

development . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gini, G., Albiero, P., Benelli, B., Altoè, G. (2007). Does empathy predict
adolescent‘s bullying and defending behavior? Journal of Aggressive
Behavior, 33(5), 467-476.

Ginting, A. O. (2009). Hubungan empati dengan cooperative learning.

(Unpublished mini thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan).

Geen, R. G. and Donnerstein, E. (1998). Human aggression: theories, research,

and implications for social policy. California: Academic press.

Goldstein, S. E., Young, A., & Boyd, C. (2008). Relational aggression at school:
Associations with school safety and social climate. Journal of Youth
Adolescence, 37(1), 641-654.

Gomez, R., & McLaren, S. (2007). The inter‐relations of mother and father
attachment, self‐esteem and aggression during late adolescence. Journal
of Aggressive Behavior, 33(2), 160–169.

Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Gangestad, S. W., Perea, E. F., Shapiro, J. R.,
Kenrick, D. T. (2009). Aggress to impress: Hostility as an evolved context-
dependent strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
96(5), 980–994.

Grossman, K. (2002). Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H.,

Scheuerer-Englisch, H., Zimmermann, P. (2002). The Uniqueness of the
child father attachment relationship: Father‘s sensitive and challenging play
 126

as a pivotal variable in 16-year longitudinal study. Journal of Social

Development, 11(3), 301-337.

Guarnieri, S., Tani, F., & Smorti, M. (2014). Attachment Relationship and Life
Satisfaction During Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Social Indicators
Research, 121(3), 833-847.

Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Bouris, A. M. (2006). Parental
expertise, trustwortiness, and accessibility: Parent-adolescent
communication and adolescent risk behavior. Journal of Marriage Family,
68, 1229-1246.

Harlow, H. F., & Zimmermann, R. R. (1959). ―Affectional responses in the infant

monkey―. Journal of Science, 130, 421-432.

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment

process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.

Helmi, A. F. (1999). Gaya kelekatan dan konsep diri. Jurnal Psikolgi, 1, 9-17.

Hetherington, E.M & Parke, R.D. (1999). Child Psychology (5th edition). USA:
McGraw-Hill Collage.

Hidayat, A. (2016). Multikolinieritas. Diakses pada tanggal 6 April 2017, dari

https://www.statistikian.com/2016/11/multikolinearitas.html.

Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development. New York, NY:

Cambridge University Press.

Hoffman, M. L. (2007). The origins of empathic morality in toddlerhood. In

Brownell, C. A., & Kopp, C. B. (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the
toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 132-145). New York:
Guilford Press.

Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and

Clinical Psychology, 33, 307-316.

Hooper, A., & Dallos, R. (2012). Fathers and daughters: Their relationship and
attachments themes in the shadow of an eating disorder. Journal of
Contemporary Family Therapy, 34(4), 452- 467.

Hurlock, E. B. (2002). Psikologi Perkembangan (5th Ed.). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Hadi, S. (1994). Metodologi Reseach. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Hadi, S. (2007). Statistik 2. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Izard, C., Stark, K., Trentacosta, C., & Schultz, D. (2008). Beyond emotion
regulation: Emotion utilization and adaptive functioning. Journal of Child
Development Perspective, 2(3), 156-163.
 127

Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Examining the relationship between low
empathy and bullying. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 32(6), 540–550.

Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Is low empathy related to bullying after
controlling for individual and social background variables? Journal of
Adolescence 34, 59–71.

Kagan, J. (1984) The nature of the child. New York: Basic Books.

Kaukiainen, A., Bjӧ rkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., Österman, K. (1999). The
relationships between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of
aggression. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 25, 81-89.

Kawabata, Y., Alink, L. R. A., Tseng, W. L., Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Crick, N. R.
(2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational
aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-
analytic review. Journal of Developmental Review, 31, 240-278.

Kaukiainen, A., Salmivalli, C., Bjbrkqvist, K., Österman, K., Lahtinen, A.,
Kostamo,A., et al. (2001). Overt and covert aggression in work settings in
relation to the subjective wellbeing of employees. Journal of Aggressive
Behavior, 27, 360-371.

Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Trost, K. (1999). To know you is to trust you: Parents' trust
is rooted in child disclosure of information. Journal of Adolescence, 22(6),
737–752.

Kestenbaum, R., Farber, E. A., Sroufe, L. A., Knafo, A., Zahn-Waxler, C., et al
(2008). The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: genetic
and environmental contributions. Journal of Emotion, 8, 737–752.

Kokkinos, C. M., & Kiprits, E. (2012). The Relationship between bullying,

victimization, trait emotional intelegence, self- efficacy and empathy among
preadolescents. Journal of Social Psychology Education, 15, 41- 58.

Kreppner, K., & Ullrich, M. (1998). Talk to mom and dad, and listen to what is in
between. In Hofer, M., Noack, P., & Youniss, J (Eds.), Verbal interaction
and development in families with adolescents (pp. 83-108). Greenwich, CT:
Ablex.
Lamb, M. E. (2010). The role of father in child development (5thEd.). New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Langerspetz, K. M. J., Bjӧ rkqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect

aggression typical of females? Gender Differences in aggressiveness in 11-
12 year old children. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 14, 403-414.

Larson, R. W., Richards, M. H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G., & Duckett, E. (1996).
Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10
 128

to 18: Disengagement and transformation. Journal of Developmental

Psychology, 32(4), 744-754.

Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2004). Parent–child communication during

adolescence. In Vangelisti, A. L (Eds.), Handbook of family communication
(pp. 333–348). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lee, D. (2015). Bowlby‘s theory of maternal deprivation. Diakses pada tanggal 16

Agustus 2016, dari https://www.tutor2u.net/psychology/reference/bowlbys-
theory-of maternal-deprivation.

Lei, L & Wu, Y. (2007). Adolescent‘s paternal attachment and internet use.
Journal of Cyberpsychology and Behavior. 10(5), 633-639.

Li, X., Bian, C., Chen, Y., Huang, J., Ma, Y., Tang, L., et al. (2015). Indirect
aggression and parental attachment in early adolescence: Examining the
role of perspective taking and empathetic concern. Journal of Personality
and Individual Differences, 86, 499-503.

Lipps, T. (1903). The knowledge of foreign Ichen. In T. Lipps (Eds.).

Psychological Investigations (Volume 1, pp. 694-722). Leipzig: Engelmann.

Letendre, J. (2007). ‗Sugar and spice but not always nice‘: Gender socialization
and its impact on development and maintenance of aggression in
adolescent girls. Journal of Child and Adolescent Social Work, 24(4), 353–
368.

Louis, J. P., & Louis, K. M. (2012). Good enough parenting: A christian

perspective on meeting core emotional needs and avoiding exasperation.
Singapore: Louis Counselling & Training Services Pte. Ltd.

Lopez, R (2010). How do we empathize? Diakses pada tanggal 23 November

2016, dari https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/our-social-
brains/201007/empathy-101.

Lorenz, K. (1935). The crony in the environment of the bird. The conspecific as a
triggering moment of social behavior. Journal of Ornithology, 83 , 137-215,
289-413.

Lundh, L. G., Daukantaité, D., & Lundh, M. W., (2014). Direct and indirect
aggression and victimization in adolescents- associations with the
development of psychological difficulties. Journal of Bio Med Central
Psychology, 2(43), 1-15.

Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Promosi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan. Jakarta:

Rineka cipta

Maccoby, E., & Jacklin, C. (1974). The psychology of sex difference. Stanford
CA: Stanford University Press.
 129

Mar‘at, S. (2006). Psikologi perkembangan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Markiewicz, D., Lawford, H., Doyle, A. B., & Haggart, N. (2006).
Developmental differences in adolescents‘ and young adults‘ use of
mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to fulfill attachment
needs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 121-134.

McDonald, N., & Messinger, D. (2011). The development of empathy: How,

when, and why. In Acerbi, A., Lombo, J. A., & Sanguineti, J. J (Eds.). Free
will, Emotions, and Moral Actions: Philosophy and Neuroscience in
Dialogue. IF-Press.

McDonald, N. M., Jason, K. B., & Messinger, D. S. (2016). Oxytocin and parent-
child interaction in the development of empathy among children at risk for
autism. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 52(5), 735-745.

McLaren, K. (2013). The art of empathy: A complete guide to life’s most essential
skil. Boulder, CO : Sounds True, Inc

Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. A. (1972). Measure of emotional empathy. Journal

of Personality, 40, 525-543.

Michiels, D., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Kuppens, S. (2008). Parent-child
interactions and relational aggression in peer relationships. Journal of
Developmental Review, 28(4), 522-540.

Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gilliath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment,
caregiving, and altruism: boosting attachment seurity increases
compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
89(5), 817-839.

Millea, M. J., & Woodruff, T. W. (2004). Grades-who‘s to blame? Student

evaluation of teaching and locus of control. Journal of Economic Education,
35(2), 129-147.

Miller, P. A., & Eisenberg, N. (1988). The relation of empathy to aggressive and
externalizing/antisocial behavior. Journal of Psychology Bullying, 103(3),
324-344.

Monks, C. P., Smith, P. K., & Swettenham, J. (2005). Psychological correlates of

peer victimisation in preschool: social cognitive skills, executive function
and attachment profiles. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 31(6), 571-588.

Monks, F. J., Knoers, A. M. P., & Haditono, S. R. (2006). Psikologi

perkembangan: pengantar dalam berbagai bagiannya. Yogyakarta: Gajah
Mada University Press.

Muna, L. N. (2015). Pengaruh peran ayah (fathering) terhadap determinasi diri

(self determination) pada remaja kelas X di SMAN 3 Malang (Published
theses, Universitas Islam Negri, Malang).
 130

Murphy, T. P., & Laible, D. J. (2013). The influence of attachment security on

preschool children‘s empathic concern. Journal of Behavioral Development,
37(5), 436-440.

Nabila, V. N. P. (2011). Dampak pola asuh permisif orangtua terhadap perilaku

merokok remaja laki-laki. Diakses pada tanggal 8 Maret 2016, dari
http://goresantintapindy.blogspot.co.id/2011/12/dampak-pola-asuh-permisif-
orangtua.html.

Niezink, L. W., Siero, F. W., Dijkstra, P., Buunk, A. P., & Barelds, D. P. H. (2012).
Empathic concern: Distinguishing between tenderness and sympathy.
Journal of Motivation and Emotion, 36(4), 544-549.

O‘Connor, T. G., & Scott, S. B. C. (2007). Parenting and outcomes for children.
London: Kings College.

O‘Connor, L. E., Rangan, R. K., Berry, J. W., Stiver, D. J., Hanson, R., Ark, W., et
al. (2015). Empathy, compasionate altruism and psychological well-being in
contemplative practitioners across five traditions. Journal of Psychology, 6,
989-1000.

Österman, K. (2010). Indirect and direct aggression. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.

Owens, L. (2009). Indirect aggression amongst teenage girl and how parents can
help. Diakses pada tanggal 16 April 2016, dari
https://www.education.com/reference/article/teenage-girl-aggression/

Pace, U., Cacioppo, M., & Schimmenti, A. (2012). The moderating role of father‘s
care on the onset of binge eating symptoms among female late
adolescents with insecure attachment. Journal of Child Psychiatry Human
Development, 43(2), 282- 292.

Pagotto, L. (2010). The interplay of empathy, oneness and perceived similarity in

mediating the effects of perspective taking on prosocial responses.
(Unpublished Masters Thesis, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua,
Italy).

Panfile, T. M., & Laible, D. J. (2012). Attachment security and child‘s empathy:
The mediating role of emotion regulation. Wayne State University Press,
58(1), 1-21.

Paquette, D. (2004). Theorizing the father –child relationship: Mechanisms and

developmental outcomes. Journal of Human Development, 47, 193–219.

Parke, R. D., & Tinsley, B. J. (1987). Family interaction in infancy. In J. D.

Osofsky (Ed.). Handbook of infant development (pp. 579-641). New York:
Wiley.

Passer, M. W., & Smith, R. E. (2009). Psychology: The science of mind and
behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
 131

Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources and consequences. In

Lamb, M. E (Ed.). The role of the father in child development (pp. 66–103).
New York: Wiley.

Pruett, K. D. (1983). Infants of primary nurturing fathers. Journal of

Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 38, 257–277.

Pruett, K. D. (1985). Children of the fathermothers: Infants of primary nurturing

mothers. In Call, J. D., Galenson, E., & Tyson, R. L (Eds.). Frontiers of
infant psychiatry (Vol. 2, pp. 375–380). New York: Basic Books.

Podungge, F. (2014) Agresivitas mahasiswa suku Madura, Minang, Gorontalo

dan Jawa di Malang. (Published theses, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana
Malik Ibrahim, Malang).

Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does chimpanzee have a theory of mind.
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(4), 515-526.

Radin, N. (1982). Primary caregiving and role-sharing fathers. In Lamb, M. E.

(Ed.). Nontraditional families: Parenting and child development (pp. 173–
204). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Radin, N. (1994). Primary-caregiving fathers in intact families. In Gottfried, A. E.,

& Gottfried, A. W (Eds.). Redefining families: Implications for children’s
development (pp. 11–54). New York: Plenum.

Rymarczyk K., Żurawski Ł, Jankowiak-Siuda K., Szatkowska I. (2016). Do

dynamic compared to static facial expressions of happiness and anger
reveal enhanced facial mimicry? PLoS One, 11(7).

Richardson, D. S. (2005). The myth of female passivity: Thirty years of

revelations about female aggression. Journal of Psychology of Women
Quarterly, 29(3), 238–247.

Richardson, D. S., Hammock, G. S., Smith, S. M., & Signo, M. (1994). Empathy
as cognitive inhibitor of interpersonal aggression. Journal of Aggressive
Behavior, 20(43), 275–289.

Riggio, E. R. (2011). Are you empathic? 3 types of empathy and what they mean.
When is empathy a good thing, and when is it a bad thing? Diakses pada
tanggal 16 Januari 2017, dari
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/cutting-edgeleadership/201108 /are-
you-empathic-3-types-empathy-and-what-they-mean

Rosenberg, J., & Wilcox, W. B. (2006). The importance of fathers in the healthy
development of children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth
and Families, Children’s Bureau, Office of Child Abuse and Neglect.
 132

Diakses pada tanggal 15 Februari 2017, dari

http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals /fatherhood
/chaptertwo.cfm.

Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In Damon, W. Lerner, R., &
Eisenberg, N (Eds.). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social,
emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 99– 166). New York:
Wiley.

Rubin, K. H., & Mills, R. S. L. (1991). Conceptualizing developmental pathways to

internalizing disorders in childhood. Journal of Behavioral Science, 23(3),
300-317.

Rueckert, L., & Naybar, N. (2008). Gender differences in empathy: The role of the
right hemisphere. Journal of Brain and Cognition, 67, 162-167.

Sable, P. (2004). Attachment, ethology, and psychotherapy. Journal of

Attachment and Human Development, 6, 3-19.

Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A.
(1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to
social status within the group. Journal of Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1–15.

Sandhu, R. (2014). Father attachment predicts adolescent girl’s social and

emotional development (Published dissertation, Antioch University,
Seattle).

Santrock, J. W. (2012). Perkembangan masa hidup. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlanga.

Schaffer, H. R., & Emerson, P. E. (1964). The development of social attachments

in infancy. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development, 1-77.

Schaffer, M., Clark, S., & Jeglic, E. L. (2009). The role of empathy and parenting
style in the development of antisocial behaviors. Journal of Crime and
Deliquency, 55(4), 586-599.

Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2005). Family Communications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Erhlbaum Associates.

Seibert, A. C., & Kerns, K. A. (2009). Attachment figure in middle childhood.

Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(4), 347-355.

Setyawan, D. (2017). KPAI terima aduan 26 ribu kasus bully selama 2011-2017.
Diakses pada tanggal 9 Desember 2017, dari http://www. kpai.go.id/
berita/kpai-terima-aduan-26-ribu-kasus-bully-selama-2011-2017/
 133

Slattengren, K. (2017). Three keys to developing children’s empathy. Diakses

pada tanggal 8 September 2016, dari https://www.priceless
parenting.com/documents/developingempathy.

Soetjiningsih. (2012). Perkembangan Anak dan Permasalahannya dalam Buku

Ajar I Ilmu Perkembangan Anak Dan Remaja. Jakarta: Sagungseto.

Sroufe, L. A. (1996). Emotional development: The organization of emotional life in

the early years. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E., & Collins, W. A. (2005). Placing early
attachment experiences in developmental context. In K. E. Grossmann, K.,
Grossmann., & E. Waters (Eds.), The power of longitudinal attachment
research: From infancy and childhood to adulthood (pp. 48 – 70). New
York: Guilford.

Steinberg L., & Morris A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Journal of Annual

Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83–110.

Stocks, E. L., Lishner, D. A., Waits, B. L., & Downum, E. M. (2011) I'm
embarrassed for you: The effect of valuing and perspective taking on
empathic embarrassment and empathic concern. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 41, 1–26.

Stocks, E., Lishner, D. A., & Decker, S. K. (2009). Altruism or psychological

escape: Why does empathy promote prosocial behavior? European Journal
of Psychology, 39(5), 649-665.

Stolinski, A. M., Ryan, C. S., Hausmann, L., & Wernli, M. A. (2004). Empathy,
guilt, volunteer experience, and intentions to continue volunteering among
buddy volunteers in an AIDS organization. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral
Research, 9, 1-22.

Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence.

Journal of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 69-74.

Subrayanti, D. (2013). Pengaruh supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dan

iklim organisasi terhadap kinerja mengajar guru sekolah dasar negeri
Kecamatan sukaresmi Kabupaten Cianjur. Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia. Retrieved from repository.upi.edu

Suryabrata, S. (2006). Psikologi Kepribadian. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Syahadat, Y. M. (2013). Pelatihan regulasi emosi untuk menurunkan perilaku

agresif pada anak. Jurnal Humanitas, 10(1), 19- 36.

Szalavitz M., & Perry B. D. (2010). Born for Love: Why empathy is essential-and
endangered. New York: Harper Collins
 134

Talebi, B. Z., Verma, P. (2007). Aggression and attachment security. Iranian

Journal of Psychiatry, 2(2), 72-77.

Thomas, H. J., Chan, G. C. K., Scott, J. G., Connor, J. P., Kelly, A. B., &
Williams, J. (2016). Association of different forms of bullying victimisation
with adolescents psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing.
Journal of Psychiatry, 50(4), 371- 379.

Torstveit, L., Sutterlin, S., & Lugo, R. G. (2016). Empathy, guilt proneness, and
gender: Relative contributions to prosocial Behaviour. European Journal of
Psychology, 12(2), 260-270.

Topcu Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2012). Affective and cognitive empathy as

mediators of gender differences in cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of
school psychology internatonal, 33(5), 550-561.

Umurohmi, U. (2013). Arti kehadiran ayah. Diakses pada tanggal 10 April 2017,
dari https://www.kompasiana.com/ulfahumurohmi/arti-kehadiran-
ayah_5528f67f6ea83405498b4646.

Underwood, M. K. (2003). Social aggression among girls. New York: The Guilford
Press.

Usman, I. (2012). Perilaku bullying ditinjau dari peran kelompok teman sebaya
dan iklim sekolah pada siswa SMA di Gorontalo. Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan,
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.

VandenBos, G. R. (2015). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Van der Graaf, J., Meeus, W., Wied, M., Boxtel, A., Lier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M., et
al. (2016). Motor, affective and cognitive empathy in adolescence:
Interrelations between facial electromyography and self-reported trait and
state measures. Journal of Cognition and Emotion, 30(4), 745-761.

Van der Mark, I. L., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.

(2002). Development of empathy in girls during the second year of life:
Associations with parenting, attachment, and temperament. Journal of
Social Development, 11(4), 451–468.

Vaillancourt, T., Brendgen, M., Boivin, M., & Tremblay, R. (2003). Longitudinal
confirmatory factor analysis of indirect and physical aggression: Evidence
of two factors overtime? Journal of Child Development, 74, 1628-1638.

Vailancourt, T. (2013). Do human females use indirect aggression as an

intrasexual competition strategy? Journal of Philosophical Transactions of
Royal Society, 368, 1-7.

Vischer, R. (1873). On the Optical Sense of Form: A Contribution to Aesthetics.

In H.F. Mallgrave & E. Ikonomou (Eds.). (1994), Empathy, Form and Space
 135

(pp. 89-123). Santa Monica, CA: The Getty Center for the History of Art and
Humanities.

Wahono. (2006). Pengaruh motivasi kerja dan iklim organisasi terhadap

kompetensi pengelolaan kelas di sekolah dasar kristen YSKI Semarang.
Fokus ekonomi, 1(2), 40 – 53.

Walgito, B. (2003). Pengantar psikologi umum, Yogyakarta : ANDI.

Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000).
Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: a twenty-year
longitudinal study. Journal of Child Development, 71(3), 684-689.

Widuri, E. L. (2012). Regulasi emosi dan resiliensi pada mahasiswa tahun

pertama. Jurnal Humanitas, 9(2), 147-156.

Wood A., Rychlowska M., Korb S., & Niedenthal P. (2016). Fashioning the face:
sensorimotor simulation contributes to facial expression
recognition. Journal of Trends Cognitive Science, 20, 227–240.

Wondra, J. D., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2015). An appraisal theory of empathy and

other vicarious emotional experiences. Journal of Psychology Review,
122(3), 411-428.

Woltin, K. A., Corneille, O., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Förster, J. (2011). Narrowing down
to open up for other people‘s concerns: Empathic concern can be
enhanced by inducing detailed processing. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 47, 418–424.

Yang, H & An, D. (2013). Examination Of Personal And Socio-Behavioral

Characteristics As Predictors Of Aggressive Behavioral Tendencies Of
University Students. Journal of College Student, 12 (41-52).

Ying, L., Ma, F., Huang, H., Guo, X., Chen, C., & Xu, F. (2015). Parental
monitoring, parent-adoescent communication, and adolescents? Trust in
their parents in China. Plos One, 10(8), 1-9.

Yeo, L. S., Ang, R. P., Loh, S., & Fu, K. J. (2011). The role of affective and
cognitive empathy in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression of a
singaporean sample of boys. Journal of Psychology, 145(4), 313-330.

Zahn-Waxler , C., Schiro, K., Robinson, JL, Emde RN, Schmitz S. (2001).
Empathy and prosocial patterns in young MZ and DZ twins: Development
and genetic and environmental influences. In Emde, R. N., Hewitt, J. K
(Eds.). Infancy to early childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on
developmental change (pp. 141-162). New York: Oxford University Press.
 136

Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. S. (2006). The passage to adulthood: Challenges of late
adolescnce. Journal of New Directions for Youth Development, 2006(111),
13-28.

Zamzani. (2007). Kajian sosiopragmatik. Yogyakarta: Cipta Pustaka.

Zoll, C., & Enz, S. (2012). A questionnaire to assess affective and cognitive
empathy in children. Journal of Child Psychology, 15, 165-174.