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DU\D0RWLQJJR%XV\H 235

DRAMA “MALAM JAHANAM” KARYA MOTINGGO BUSYE:

SEBUAH TELAAH PSIKOLOGIS

Agus Hamdani
67.,3*DUXW
(PDLOJXVKDPGDQ#\DKRRFRP
'2,KWWSG[GRLRUJEVBMSEVSYL

Abstrak
$UWLNHO LQL EHULVL ULQJNDVDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ EHUXVDKD PHPERQJNDU VLVL SVLNRORJLV
WRNRKXWDPDGDODPGUDPDMalam Jahanam.DU\D0RWLQJJR%XV\H0HODOXLVWXGLDQDOLVLV
GLNHWDKXLEDKZDWRNRKXWDPDGUDPDLQL\DQJEHUQDPD6ROHPDQPHPLOLNLJDPEDUDQILVLN
GDQQRQILVLN\DQJEXODW)DNWRUIDNWRU\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLNHSULEDGLDQ6ROHPDQDGDODK
IDNWRU LQWHUQDO GDQ HNVWHUQDO )DNWRU LQWHUQDO EHUXSD EDZDDQ \DQJ GLWXUXQNDQ GDUL
D\DKQ\D )DNWRU HNVWHUQDO EHUXSD SHQJDODPDQ KLGXSQ\D \DQJ SDKLW 6HODLQ EHUDVDO GDUL
NHOXDUJD EHUPRUDO EXUXN NRQGLVL OLQJNXQJDQ SXQ PHPEHUL SHOXDQJ NHSDGD 6ROHPDQ
XQWXN EHUKXEXQJDQ JHODS GHQJDQ LVWUL RUDQJ ODLQ6HFDUD WLGDN ODQJVXQJ NHSULEDGLDQ
6ROHPDQ GDODP GUDPD LWX PHQJXDWNDQ SHQGDSDW MDODQ WHQJDK GDUL GXD DOLUDQ SVLNRORJL
\DQJEHUODZDQDQQDWLYLVPHGDQHPSLULVPHEDKZDNHSULEDGLDQVHVHRUDQJSDGDGDVDUQ\D
GLSHQJDUXKLROHKGXDIDNWRUVHFDUDVHNDOLJXV\DLWXIDNWRUGDODPNHWXUXQDQGDQIDNWRU
OXDUOLQJNXQJDQ
Kata kunci: GUDPDWHODDKSVLNRORJLVGDQSVLNRORJLVDVWUD

Abstract

7KLVDUWLFOHVXPPDUL]HVWKHUHVXOWVRIUHVHDUFKWKDWVHHNVWRGLVPDQWOHWKHSV\FKRORJLFDO
VLGH RI WKH PDLQ FKDUDFWHUV LQ WKH GUDPD +HOO 1LJKW ZRUN LV 0RWLQJJR %XV\H0HODOXL
VWXG\ DQDO\VLV VKRZV WKDW WKH PDLQ FKDUDFWHU RI WKLV GUDPD QDPHG 6ROHPDQ KDYH D
SLFWXUHRISK\VLFDODQGQRQSK\VLFDOURXQG)DFWRUVWKDWLQIOXHQFHSHUVRQDOLW\6ROHPDQ
DUHLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOIDFWRUV,QWHUQDOIDFWRUVVXFKDVFRQJHQLWDOLQKHULWHGIURPKLV
IDWKHU ([WHUQDO IDFWRUV VXFK DV WKH ELWWHU OLIH H[SHULHQFHV $SDUW IURP IDPLOLHV SRRU
PRUDOHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVDOVRSURYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU6ROHPDQIRUKDYLQJDQ
DIIDLUZLWKWKHZLIHRIWKHODLQ6HFDUDLQGLUHFWO\6ROHPDQSHUVRQDOLW\LQWKHGUDPDWKDW
UHLQIRUFHV WKH RSLQLRQRI WKH PLGGOH RI WZR RSSRVLWHVFKRROV RI SV\FKRORJ\ QDWLYLVP
DQG HPSLULFLVP WKDW D SHUVRQ
V SHUVRQDOLW\ LV EDVLFDOO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WZR IDFWRUV
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ZKLFKLVDIDFWRULQKHUHGLWDU\DQGH[WHUQDOHQYLURQPHQWDO
Keywords:GUDPDSV\FKRORJLFDOVWXG\DQGSV\FKRORJ\OLWHUDWXUH

PENDAHULUAN
6DVWUD DGDODK VHEXDK EHQWXN KDVLO
SHNHUMDDQ VHQL NUHDWLI \DQJ EHUPHGLD
EDKDVDGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQREMHNEHUXSD
PDQXVLD GDQ NHKLGXSDQQ\D6HEDJDL
VHEXDK VHQL NUHDWLI VDVWUD WLGDN KDQ\D
PHUXSDNDQ VXDWX PHGLD XQWXN
PHQ\DPSDLNDQ LGH WHRUL DWDX VLVWHP
EHUSLNLU PDQXVLD PHODLQNDQ MXJD
235
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PHUXSDNDQPHGLDXQWXNPHQDPSXQJLGH
WHRULVHUWDVLVWHPEHUSLNLUWHUVHEXW
0DQXVLD VHEDJDL REMHN XWDPD
VDVWUD WHUGLUL DWDV EHEHUDSD LQGLYLGX \DQJ
PDVLQJPDVLQJ PHPLOLNL NDUDNWHULVWLN
NKDV0HUHND PHPLOLNL SHUDVDDQ
SHPLNLUDQSHQJDODPDQGDQZDWDNVHQGLUL
\DQJ EHUEHGD GHQJDQ \DQJ ODLQQ\D 'L
VDPSLQJ LWX VHEDJDL PDNKOXN VRVLDO
PDQXVLD  WLGDN ELVD KLGXS VHQGLUL ,D
236 Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 9ROXPH1RPRU2NWREHUKOP
PHPEXWXKNDQ PDQXVLD ODLQQ\D 1DPXQ
DGDQ\D KXEXQJDQ DQWDUD PDQXVLD \DQJ
VDWX GHQJDQ PDQXVLD \DQJ ODLQ LQL WLGDN
MDUDQJ PHQLPEXONDQ NRQIOLN .RQIOLN LQL
DFDSNDOLGLDODPLMXJDROHKPDQXVLDGHQJDQ
EDWLQQ\D VHQGLUL VHEDJDL UHDNVL WHUKDGDS
VLWXDVL GDQ NRQGLVL VRVLDO \DQJ VHGDQJ
GLKDGDSLQ\D'DODP NHVHKDULDQQ\D
PDQXVLD VHODOX GLKDGDSNDQ SDGD
SHUVRDODQSHUVRDODQKLGXS\DQJWLGDNELVD
OHSDVGDULMLZDQ\D
*HMDOD NHMLZDDQ \DQJ VHULQJ
GLDODPLPDQXVLD GLKLPSXQROHKSHQJDUDQJ
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SHPDKDPDQ OXDV EDKZD SHQHOLWLDQ VDVWUD
GDSDW PHQJJXQDNDQ FDUD SDQGDQJ
SVLNRORJL VHKLQJJD ODKLUODK VHEXDK LOPX
\DQJGLVHEXWGHQJDQpsikologi sastra
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SLMDNDQ EDJL SHQHOLWLDQ SVLNRORJL VDVWUD
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SURGXN GDUL VXDWX NHMLZDDQ GDQ
SHPLNLUDQ SHQJDUDQJ \DQJ EHUEHGD SDGD
VLWXDVL VHWHQJDK VDGDU DWDX subconscious self
GDQ EDUX GLWXDQJNDQ NH GDODP EHQWXN
NHMLZDDQPDQXVLD VHFDUDVDGDUconscious$QWDUDVDGDUGDQ
3VLNRORJL GDQ VDVWUD SDGD WDN VDGDU VHODOX PHZDUQDL GDODP SURVHV
KDNLNDWQ\D PHUXSDNDQ GXD LVWLODK \DQJ LPDMLQDVL SHQJDUDQJ .HNXDWDQ NDU\D
EHUEHGD,VWLODKSVLNRORJL\DQJEHUDVDOGDUL VDVWUD GDSDW GLOLKDW VHEHUDSD MDXK
EDKDVD<XQDQLpsycheMLZDGDQlogosLOPX
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MLZD 6HGDQJNDQ LVWLODK VDVWUD PHQJDFX
SDGD SHQJHUWLDQ NDU\D VHQL \DQJ
EHUPHGLDNDQ EDKDVD PLVDOQ\D SXLVL
QRYHO GDQ GUDPD 0HQXUXW 6LVZDQWRUR
SHQJDUDQJ PDPSX PHQJXQJNDSNDQ
HNVSUHVL NHMLZDDQ \DQJ WLGDN VDGDU LWX NH
GDODP VHEXDK FLSWD VDVWUD Kedua NDMLDQ
SVLNRORJL VDVWUD GL VDPSLQJ PHQHOLWL
SHUZDWDNDQ WRNRK VHFDUD SVLNRORJLV MXJD
DVSHNDVSHN SHPLNLUDQ GDQ SHUDVDDQ
ZDODXSXQEHUEHGDNHGXDLVWLODK
LQL PHPLOLNL VHEXDK WLWLN WHPX \DLWX
EHUDQJNDW GDUL PDQXVLDGDQ NHKLGXSDQ
VHEDJDLVXPEHUNHMDGLDQ3VLNRORJLWHUOLEDW
HUDW GHQJDQ PDQXVLD VHEDE GLVLSOLQ LOPX
LQL PHPSHODMDUL SHULODNX PDQXVLD \DQJ
SHQJDUDQJ NHWLND PHQFLSWDNDQ NDU\D
WHUVHEXW 3HQJDUDQJ PDPSX
PHQJJDPEDUNDQ SHUZDWDNDQ WRNRK
VHKLQJJD PHQMDGL VHPDNLQ KLGXS
6HQWXKDQVHQWXKDQ HPRVL PHODOXL GLDORJ
DWDX SHPLOLKDQ NDWD VHEHQDUQ\D

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 $JXV+DPGDQL'UDPD´0DODP-DKDQDPµ.DU\D0RWLQJJR%XV\H 237

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NHMHUQLKDQ EDWLQ SHQFLSWD 6HPL GDODP LWXODK DVSHN NHMLZDDQ GLFDQJNRNNDQ GDQ
(QGUDVZDUD GLLQYHVWDVLNDQ2OHKNDUHQDLWXSHQHOLWLDQ
6HFDUD VHGHUKDQD SVLNRORJL VDVWUD SVLNRORJL VDVWUD SDGD GDVDUQ\D GDSDW
GDSDWGLDUWLNDQVHEDJDLLOPXLQWHUGLVLSOLQHU GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ GXD FDUD \DLWX 
\DQJ PHQHODDK NDU\D VDVWUD GDUL VLVL PHODOXL SHPDKDPDQ WHRULWHRUL SVLNRORJL
SVLNRORJL+DOLQL VHMDODQGHQJDQSHQGDSDW NHPXGLDQ GLODNXNDQ DQDOLVLV WHUKDGDS
+DUWRNR  GDODP 6XU\DEUDWD VXDWX NDU\D VDVWUD  PHQHQWXNDQ
 EDKZD SVLNRORJL VDVWUD DGDODK WHUOHELK GDKXOX VHEXDK NDU\D VDVWUD
FDEDQJ LOPX VDVWUD \DQJ PHQGHNDWL NDU\D VHEDJDL REMHN SHQHOLWLDQ NHPXGLDQ
VDVWUD GDUL VXGXW SVLNRORJL5DWQD GLWHQWXNDQ WHRULWHRUL SVLNRORJL \DQJ
 SXQ EHUSHQGDSDW VDPDEDKZD GLDQJJDS UHOHYDQ XQWXN PHODNXNDQ
SVLNRORJL VDVWUD DGDODK DQDOLVLV WHNV DQDOLVLV &DUD SHUWDPD PHPLOLNL
GHQJDQPHPSHUWLPEDQJNDQUHOHYDQVL GDQ NHFHQGHUXQJDQXQWXNPHQHPSDWNDQNDU\D
SHUDQDQVWXGLSVLNRORJLV VDVWUDVHEDJDLJHMDODVHNXQGHUDWDXVHPDWD
5DWQD  PHQJHPXNDNDQ PDWDVHEJDL REMHNXQWXNPHQJDSOLNDVLNDQ
EDKZDWHUGDSDWWLJDKDOXQWXNPHPDKDPL WHRUL VHGDQJNDQ FDUD NHGXD OHELK
KXEXQJDQ DQWDUD SVLNRORJL GHQJDQ VDVWUD PHQHPSDWNDQ NDU\D VDVWUD VHEDJDL JHMDOD
\DLWX  PHPDKDPL XQVXU NHMLZDDQ \DQJ GLQDPLV 'DUL NHGXD FDUDLWX FDUD
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NHPDQXVLDDQ \DQJ WHUGDSDW GDODP WRNRK WHUVHEXW

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