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Jose Rizal (Life & Works)
Jose Rizal (Life & Works)
Dependency Theory
Social Studies - Pinalawig ni Andre Gunder Frank
- Aims to promote social understanding and - Ugnayang core-periphery sa aspetong political at
civic efficiency on the part of students who are pang ekonomiko
going to take the office of citizenship Kalakalang Galyon
History - Nasa unti-unting paghina at pagkalansag (1830)
- Should teach students how to approach and o Galyon Trade – greatest economic
use historical information critically from disaster
Products sank to the bottom of
multiple perceptions
the seas
National Heroes – they are incarnations of the nation Opened the doors for world trade
Monopolyo ng ilang pangunahing produktong
meeting a psychological need for identification with
agricultural
people one admires and helping to provide a sense of - Nagiisa ang nagmamanage ng lahat
community in the process - Tabako sa Cagayan at abaca sa Bicol
Pagpasok ng mga korporasyong Ingles at
Amerikano
o Russel and Sturgis Company
1. Noli Me Tangere o Peele and Hubble
2. El Filibusterismo o Ker and Company
3. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas o Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation
4. Dentio de cien anos o Polisya ng British consulate sa
5. La Indolencia de los Filipinos – idleness of pamamagitan ni Nicolas Loney
Filipinos; but we were not really lazy, we only
inherited this trait from the Spaniards Catologo de Apellidos (1849)
• Bagong kasaysayan
Francisco Mercado
4. Iglesia Samahan ng Watawat ng Lahi
Founder: Arsenio De Guzman o became one of the richest in Binan
- Rizal was Christ and the messenger of and owned the largest herd of
God. Later on, the word Samahan was carabaos.
changed to Iglesia to avoid suspicion by o He was active in local politics (elected
as capitan del pueblo in 1783).
the Japanese.
Capitan del pueblo – leader of
- It was divided into 3 factions:
Watawat ng Lahi a town
Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi Cirila Bernacha
Iglesia ng Lipi ni Gat Dr. Jose
Rizal They had a son named Juan Mercado (elected
as capitan del pueblo in 1808, 1813 and
1823). He was one of the greatest landowners
of Binan.
Short background about Rizal:
Every day, he would wake up early and either College Registrar, refused to admit him
hear mass at 4 o’clock in the morning or study because of (1) late registered (2) sickly and
his lessons first before going to mass. undersized for his age
After mass, he’d go home, have breakfast,
Manuel Xerez Burgos (nephew of Father Burgos)
then go to school.
He’d get dismissed at 10 am in the morning, intercedes, so Rizal was reluctantly admitted
have lunch, go back to school at 2pm, then get to Ateneo
dismissed at 5pm. The class, as described by
Rizal, was in a nipa house, about 30 meters (located in Intramuros w/in
away from his aunt’s house. the walls of Manila)
He would pray with his cousins at 6 o’clock
and then study for a while before going to Ateneo, from the Greek Word “Athena” means
sleep. goddess of wisdom
Located at Intramuros
College under the supervision of the Spanish
Jesuits (Jesuits had been expelled from the
In Binan, he excelled in Latin and Spanish. Ph. In 1768, returned to Manila in 1859)
He also had painting lessons under Maestro Bitter rivals of the Dominican owned -
Cruz’s father in law, Juancho. College of San Juan de Letran (charity school,
o Juancho gave Rizal free painting and for poor boys, established by city government
drawing lessons. 1817)
After receiving a letter from his sister, Known to offer the best education for boys
Saturnina, Rizal returned to Calamba on Known for its rigid discipline and religious
December 17, 1870 after one and a half year instruction that trained student’s character
of studying in Binan. More advance than other colleges
o Saturnina’s letter was about the arrival Promoted physical culture, humanities and
of the Steamer Talim which would scientific studies
take him from Binan to Calamba. Rizal Aside from BA, it offered vocational courses:
was accompanied by Arturo Camps, a
Agri, Commerce, Mechanics, and Surveying
Frenchman and a friend of his father.
Students in Ateneo are required to attend
masses before the start of class
SCULPTURAL WORKS
o “The Virgin Mary” made in
He again, became “Emperor”
Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood)
At the end of the school year, Rizal received
ANECDOTES ON RIZAL
excellent grades in all subjects & gold medal;
o Felix M. Roxas (Rizal’s
with scholarship honors
schooldays which reveals
Prophecy of mother’s release. Donya Teodora
hero’s resignation to pain and
told her dream to Rizal the previous night and
forgiveness)
he interpreted it that she would be released in
3 months (and it became true)
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
o Jose likened to the youthful Joseph in
o Mi Primera Inspiracion (My
the Bible in his ability to interpret
1st Inspiration)
dreams
o 1st poem; dedicated
Teenage interest in reading
to his mother’s
o interested in love stories and romantic
birthday
tales
o wrote it before 14y.o
o “The Count of Mount Cristo” by
Alexander Dumas (1st favorite novel)
o “Universal History” by Cesar Cantu
(enable him to win more prizes in
Ateneo
Father Sanchez inspired: - He also took painting and sculpture
lessons at the Academia de San Fernando
1. Felicitacion and classes in French, English, German at
2. The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s fleet the Madrid Ateneo.
3. And He is Spanish; Elcano, the 1st - He also managed to enroll in Fencing
Circumnavigate the World class at the schools of Sanz and
4. The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo Carbonell.
January 1883 – he wrote to his family “ I am
now studying Italian and have made a bet that
I shall be able to speak it in two months.”
After finishing BA in Ateneo, Rizal was sent
June 1884 – He was awarded with the degree
again by his father to UST. But Donya
and title of Licentiate in Medicine for passing
Teodora opposed the idea for fear of what had
the medical examinations. He was able to
happened to GOMBURZA, still, Rizal was
practice medicine with this title but he wasn’t
enrolled in UST
able to finish it because he failed to pay the
Attended the course Philosophy and Letters in
fee to defend his thesis.
UST, Rizal also took vocational course in
- This time, his family faced financial
Ateneo, that gave him the title
problems brought about by low crop
o “perito agrimensor” (expert
production because of drought and locusts
surveyor) on November 25, 1881
and there were delays in his monthly
allowance from the Philippines.
June 19, 1885 - He obtained the degree
Shifted course to Medicine because of his Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras( Licentiate in
mother’s failing eyesight Philosophy and Letters) from the Universidad
Rizal’s academic performance in UST was not Central de Madrid with a rating of
impressive as that in Ateneo. He was good in sobresaliente = outstanding
medicine but not as gifted as he was in Arts - Filipinos in Madrid = ilustrados
and Letters, still he was one of the Seven (enlightened ones) Circulo Hispano-
Students who remained in the course in his Filipino formed informal programs with
last year in UST out of 24. (Jose 2011) activities like Poetry-reading and debates.
So Rizal was asked to write a poem and
he wrote Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me
for Verses).
Rizal and Paciano made a secret pact. He April 1882 – Circulo Hispano-Filipino
would go to Europe to complete his medical established in 1882 by a group of Filipino
studies and prepare himself for the great task students in Madrid led by Juan Atayde, retired
of liberating the country from Spanish army officer and Philippine born Spaniard.
colonizers January 2, 1884 – In Madrid , Rizal proposed
the writing of a novel about the Philippine
society. (in the house of Pedro Paterno –his
fellow Filipinos agreed to help him but did not
May 3 1882 – He left the Philippines for Spain. write anything so he drafted it alone. It is in
- He was 20 years old, he loved to interact Madrid where he wrote the first half of Noli Me
with foreign nationals. He made a sketch Tangere.
of the people and things that he saw - Rizal was exposed to liberal ideas through
during his travels. the masons he met. He was impressed
June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona and about a Mason’s knowledge and
met his classmates in Ateneo. At a coffee reasoning and how they valued
house in Plaza de Cataluña, they held a brotherhood. He joined Masonry and
welcome party for Rizal It is where Rizal wrote became as Master Mason at the Lodge
the essay entitled “El Amor Patrio” Love of Solidaridad on November 15, 1890.
Country. This essay was published on August
20, 1882 in Diariong Tagalog = used the pen
name Laong Laan. Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – the former city /mayor of
November 3, 1882 – He moved to Madrid and Manila under the term of Governor-General Carlos
he enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Maria de la Torre
Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
(summer vacation).
Filipinos often visit him and Rizal joined where he met 3. Secularization of parishes
Don pablo’s daughter whom he was attracted to but he
did not do anything because he was committed to Rizal became preoccupied with writing articles and
Leonor Rivera essays published by Propaganda Movement’s
newspaper, La Solidaridad.
Eduardo de Lete - Rizal’s friend was also in love with
Consuelo but did not want to ruin their friendship. 1883 Intellectual works:
Rizal wrote a poem for Consuelo entitled “A Senorita
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1890)-
C. O. y R.”
annotation of Antoonio de Morga
Rizal specified in Ophthalmology and trained under Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the
leading ophthalmologist in Europe – Dr. Louis de Indolence of the Filipinos) - Essay attributed
Weckert of Paris for whom he worked as an assistant the Filipinos published in 1890.
from October 1885 to March 1886. Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos (The
Philippines a Century Hence) - essay for
In 1886, Germany worked with another expert Dr. reforms published in parts from 1889 to 1890.
Javier Galezowsky and Dr. Schwiegger in 1887.
By July 1891 in Brussels – El Filibusterismo was
During his stay, he befriended some scholars – completed, published on September 18,1891 through
Fredrich Ratzel, a German historian the help of Valentin Ventura.
He met Feodor Jagor and Hans Virchow- In 1892, Rizal decided to return to the Philippines
anthropologists on Philippine culture through his friend, thinking that the real struggle was in his homeland.
Ferdinand Blumentritt. He arrived in the Philippines on June 26, 1892. He
immediately visited his friends in Central Luzon and
He mastered German language and wrote a paper encouraged them to join the La Liga Filipina, a socio-
entitled “Tagalische Verkunst” (Tagalog Metrical Art). civic organization that Rizal established on July 3,
He translated Schiller’s William Tell into Tagalog in 1892.
1886.
After Liga’s formation, he was arrested and brought to
Berlin - where he finished Noli Me Tangere Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892. He was charged with
bringing with him from Hong Kong leaflets entitled
- It was published on March 21, 1887 with
Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – satire against the rich
financial help from Maximo Viola.
Dominican friars and their accumulation of wealth
After 5 years in Europe, he went home on August 8, which was against their vow of poverty. In spite of his
1887. protests and denial of having those materials, Rizal
was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao.
He enjoyed with family and opened a medical clinic
and curing the sick. He was known as Doctor
Ulimanas he was mistaken for a German. His vacation
1892 – 1896)
was short because of friars who had a negative view
about his novel Noli Me Tangere. He left the country
Dapitan was Rizal’s home, where in he
again on February 16,1888.
practiced medicine, pursue scientific studies,
and continue his artistic sculpture, painting,
sketching and poetry
He became more active in the Propaganda He established school for boys and promoted
Movement with fellow Ilustrados like Marcelo community development projects
H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Studied Malayan language and other
Luna, Mariano Ponce, and Trinidad Pardo de Philippine languages and engage himself in
Tavera. farming and commerce and invented a
wooden machine for making bricks
Reforms/ Changes in Propaganda Movement:
July 17, 1892
1. For the Philippines to be made a
province of Spain so that Native Arrived at Dapitan on board, the streamer of
Filipinos would have equal rights Cebu (Dapitan: now a city w/in Zamboanga del
accorded to Spaniards Norte)
2. Representation of the Philippines in the Headed by Captain Ricardo Carnicero, who
Spanish Cortes became friend of Rizal. He gave him the
permission to explore the place and required Upon arriving at the fort, however, Governor-
him to report once a week in his office General Despujol told him that there was an
order to ship him back to Manila
September 21, 1892
November 3, 1896
Rizal won a second prize in lottery together
with Ricardo Carnicero and another He arrived in Manila and was immediately
Spaniard. He shares amounted to 6,200 brought to Fort Santiago
pesos. A portion of Rizal’s winnings was used
in purchasing land approximately one
kilometer away from Dapitan in a place known
as Talisay. He built his house on the seashore November 20, 1896
of Talisay as well as school and a hospital
The Preliminary Investigation of Rizal’s case
within the area.
began
December 19, 1893 Accused of being the main organizer of the
revolution by having proliferated the ideas of
Wrote a letter to Blumentritt, describing his rebellion and of founding illegal organization
daily activity in Dapitan He pleaded not guilty and wrote a manifesto
He wants to improve and beautify Dapitan. He appealing to the revolutionaries to discontinue
made a big relief map of Mindanao and use it the uprising
to teach geography. Using the map, he Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade
discussed to the town people the position of o Rizal’s lawyer; tried his best to save
Dapitan in relation to other places in Mindanao Rizal
Assisted by his pupils, Rizal also constructed a
water system to supply the town with water for December 26, 1896
drinking and irrigation. He also helped the
people in putting up lampposts at every corner Trial ended, and the sentence was read. Rizal
of the town was found guilty and sentenced to death by
firing squad
Ophthalmologists. George Tauffer,
Josephine Bracken’s father, suffers from an December 28, 1896
eye ailment who traveled from Hong Kong to
Dapitan; The two lived in the octagonal house Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja
after being denied the sacrament of marriage signed the court decision. He later decreed
by Fr. Obach (Parish Priest of Dapitan). Due to that Rizal would be executed by firing squad at
Rizal’s refusal to retract his statements against 7:00AM of December 30.
the church and to accept other conditions On his last remaining days, he composed his
longest poem, Mi Ultimo Adios (farewell to
Eve of June 21, 1896
the Filipino people)
Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in Dapitan.
December 29, 1896
Informed him about the founding of Katipunan
and planned revolution, Rizal objected to it. His mother and sisters visited him; Rizal gave
Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to away his remaining possession
the Governor-General Ramon Blanca, one in Sister Trinidad handed his lamp and say,
1894-1895, he asked for a review of his case. “There is something inside.” The copy of
If his request would not be granted, he would Rizal’s last poem
volunteer to serve as a surgeon under the
Spanish army fighting in the Cuban Revolution December 30, 1896
July 30, 1896 6:30AM. Rizal in black suit with his arms tied
behind his back, walked to Bagumbayan
Rizal’s request to Cuba was approved, next “Consummation est!” It is finished!
day he left for Manila on board the streamer The orders were given, and shots were fired.
Espanya. Rizal died offering his life for his country and
its freedom.
September 3, 1896