Daniel Aghda Anth 100

V00875015

CH.10Food: Foodways: The way in which a society gets their food,changedbyenvironment,threats,resource,tech etc. Foragers:
Hunter-gatherers. Producers: growownfood, horticultural(smallfarm),Pastoralist,Intensive agriculturalist, Industralist.nomads-
movearound,badjao sea and !Kung. Foragedfoods can be landorwaterbased.Complexsocietiesnotbasedonagriculture-
Highpop,hierachial politics, territorial ownership bysocia lrelations. TEK Traditional Ecological Knowledge .used by foraging
societies.passedtonextgen,essentialforsurvival.Reciprocity-specializedgiftgiving, centralmethodoffoodsharinginforagingsocieties.
Generalized-value/date not established balanced-potlach,kularing. Redistribution-relocationof goods, economicsystem
withgovernmentalorreligious MarketExchange-pricessetbysupplyanddemand.basedonmoney, multipurpose or special purpose
(symbolic) Levelingmechanism-practicethatensuressocialequality. Potlach-kinship, matrilineal, moiety, redistribution, ritual.
Horticulture-cultivationnotintensiveofanything.usedwhenforagingcannotsupportcarryingcapacity.usesSwiddencultivation-set
fireandwaitforregenerate.Sedentarylife.Ecnomocsreciprocity,levelingmechanism.Agriculture:intensiveandcontinuoususe,domesti
cedanimals,irrigation.WestAfrica-Genderedproduction/Cooperationw/neighbours.Intensive-year-roundcultivationforsurplus,large
settled pop,riseofcities/classdivisions.Economics:reciprocity,redistributionandmarketeconomy.Industralism-
producingfoodatlowcostusingtech,CAFOsconfirmedanimalfeedingoperations.heavyenvriomental/healthcosts,primarilymarketecn
omy.colour/durabilitly.CH.5-Arch: archaelogy Beringia- N.A/Asia Oldowan-unifacial(oneflakeside) Achulean-bifacial
Culturalanthofhumanpastonmaterialevidence.allofphysicalremains,andassociatedrecords.Archaelogyisdestructive sites-
basecamps,habitationsites,pictographs,resourceprocessingsites. Feature-nonportable(ex.housewallorditches) relativedating-
providestimeframeinrelationtostrati(ex.Stratigraphy,Seriation-assemblages,typology).lawofsuperposition-
youngerontop.Artifacts-objectsmadebyhumans. Ecofacts-plant/animalremainsuedtomakeinferences about paleo environment
/diet.Botanical(plant),faunal(animal).assemblagesartifacts,structuresfromtimeperiodgrouped,similarassemblagesgroupedinarcha
elogicalcultures.Archaelogicalvisbilitlymanyaspectsofculturehavelowvisbilitly,lessvisiblevidencefartherbackintime-
destoryedbynatural/culturalprocesses.bias-malebias,inorganicmaterials,trashandabandoned. Fire most important cultural
development,basisforritualandheat,foodetc.art-40 K years. Ch.6 reconstruct die t with plant and animal remains ,residue left
onartifcatsandhumanskeletons.subsistenepatternswithscavenging/hunting.20K to 5 K.. Sheep/goat domesticated first.
Pleistocene–colonized America, transition to food production. Megafaun(mammoth/mastodon)hunt. – civilization /writing
,foodproduction. Initial settlement of America 20-15 k ago. Kennewick man- the ancient one, debate b/w Caucasian and native.
Triquet Island- - heiltsuk ancstors sheltered from Ice Age here. 14 K years ago. Fluted points- inveted12 K and used until 9 k,
hunt megafauna,hafted to spears. Cohen Typologysubsistence. Forage-until10 K bp, mainly marginal environment, depended
on producers. Genderbaseddivison exists in ALL socieites. Gatheringcontributesmorethanhunting.production b/c of
domestication-increase carrying capacity. Neolithic-first period of domesticating. Revolution neo- hunting/gather to farm,
sedentism.trade, states ex. Natufians. Dome crops- larger seeds, loss natural dispersal, tougher, brittle, higher yield.
Pastroliasm- symbiotic dome anim- smaller,modificable social hierarchy. Sedentism correlated with permanent structures and
tech. Emerg of states- 5 K years ago meso, Iraq. One city min, writing, state politics, monument. Ch.7- states- tribute/tax,
stratified social, record-keep. Writing- to keep accounts of trade/taxes. In cuneiform.. Collapse of states- ideological too much
religion, social/political or ecological. Historic archaelogy- an area and time where written records exist, often biased so
provides voice. Contempary arch- arbology, foresenic, disaster. Soluterean-EU invaded1stPseudo- no testable hypothesis.
Ch.9 langauge. Symbolic language isonlyhuman. Primate bipedal freedup hands, gesture/callshapemeaning
phonetics/phonemics-soundsmorphemics-meaning syntax-unitsputtogethersemeantics-meaningofsignscontext-pragmatics
.EdwardHall-4zonesofdistance paralanguage-expressbeyondwords vocalizations-intentionalsoundstoexpressmeaning silent-
proxemics(space),movements,touch,time Sapir-Whorf-lingusiitcrelativityprinciple,strongdeterminsim,weakinfluences pidgin-
mixof2 linguafranca-common language b/w 2 diff creole-langugage now used. Ch13:shaman-partime priest-fulltime
supernatal-dietie/spirt animism-spirits beings inhabit natural objects animatism-spirtal FORCES “luck” Bowen religiondefined
it. Symbols-define identify, connect ppl beliefs affect social, heatlh, environment. Myths-overcome logical contradict, reflect
Worldviews riteofpassage liminalitly, middle of passage. Communitas-unstructured or minimal communtiyofequaliindivudals
inritesofpassage. 3stage-separation,transition,incorporation EdwardTylor-relgiion scale Malinowski-turntomagic/religion when
in danger supernatural-domainofimpersonalpower mana:sacredimpersonalfrocethatcanresideineverthing chiefsweretaboo
Azande-Africantribe mangu-power benge-oracle olympianreglion-polytheistc, hieracrhicalp antheon, permant priesthood,
cheifdoms and archaic states mono have preisthoods, spread through conversions Ch.11Fam/Gen: descent group-
socialunitcommonancestry. Patrilinealdescent associated with pastoralist/ agricultural economies. Matrilinealwithorticulutral.
Nuclearfam-parent/kid,,marriagenotrequired extended-3gen growupwith familyoforientation, start familyofprocreation
nuclear live neolocal extended live matri/patrilocal nodefinitionofmarriage accounts for cross-cultural diversity exogamy-
Tlingit clans endo-caste Indian –bothoperatewithin a single society homogamy-marryingsimilareverything.
Canadacannotmarrywholeorhalf blood, or adoption.. Balobedu/lovedu-cattleexchange,queen Ch.12:Power-coervice or
persuasive. Authoritypower by law Prestige isonlygiven State-industrialfood/centralizedpower Chiefdom-kin-
basedsocialstatus/centralizedpower (chief) tribe-notintensive foodproduction /decentralizedpower(Big Man)kinbased band-
egalitarian/decentralized/food collectors class-wealth/occupation/economicbased caste-ascibed,endogamous dalit-
untouchables,cant own land or toolstrade(impure) raceiscultural hypodescent-lightskinsare”black” naturalising discourses-
identities arepart of biology(false)”boyswillbeboys’ subjugation-oppression Ethnogenocide-was inCanada Ch.14: 7th
generation-deciisons shouldbeconsideredforgenerationsinspiredbyIroquois 3pillars- equal econ,soci,envi concentric-w/o envi
everything gone Globalization- integration of economic/social/political,geo boundaries/processes,poorsuffer
globalizationtrade-decrease tax/laws, quick/cheap shipping, provides work and income but..poorregulations.
pluralism/assimilation/protecminorit/poptrans/long-termsub/geno Culturalmaterialism-societyorganizadapttosurviveinenvi
Daniel Aghda Anth 100
V00875015