SLUM REHABILITATION OR REBUILDING

ABSTRACT
Slums refer to makeshift housing or shanties found especially in urban areas, and are characterised by
lack of basic facilities, squalor and overcrowding. There is no regular supply of water, electricity or
proper sanitation facilities. Slums are generally built on government land that is lying unclaimed or
vacant. They are mostly occupied by migrant workers, unskilled labour, domestic workers and other such
persons who cannot afford proper housing in the cities. The census report identified 13.8 million
households - about 64 million people - located in city slums nationwide. That’s 17.4 percent of all urban
households, which account for roughly one-third of India’s 1.2 billion people. Almost 49% of the total
population in Mumbai lives in slums.

INTRODUCTION
Slums are an integral part of India’s urban reality mainly due to lack of adequate affordable housing in
Indian cities. By definition slums lack adequate basic services and healthful living environments at the
house and community level. Fortunately policymakers have awakened to this urban reality. There is an
unprecedented policy focus on slum redevelopment and creation of affordable housing across the country
today through government sponsored programs of integrated planning and inclusive development
particularly through the flagship national urban renewal mission (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission (JnNURM) which is seeking to make India slum free in the future

Growing up in slums is a reality for millions of children living in Indian cities. 31.16% of India’s population
of 1.21 billion (Census 2011) live in urban areas. India’s urban poor1 comprise a substantial proportion of
India’s urban population living in adverse physical environments such as pavements, improvised shelters
at construction sites and vacant land, and in slums. The Census of India 2011 shows that 38% of households
in India’s million plus large cities live in slums whereas for other cities 61.9% of households live in slums.
The Child Population in the age group of 0-6 years comprise 13.1% and 0-14 years comprise 31.1% of total
population respectively (Census 2011). The Planning Commission estimates the slum population in India
in 2012 as 94.98 million. This means about 12.44 million young children and 29.54 million children under
14 years are living in slums/slum like habitats across India now.

For children living in urban areas of India, survival issues, health and well being are often directly connected
to aspects of the physical environment such as the availability of decent housing, adequate education
infrastructure, the provision of water and sanitation, the quality of space for play, the levels of traffic and
pollution and many others. Among the slum dwellers, children from the poor and marginalized families pay
a disproportionately high price in terms of frequent illness, morbidity and mortality. Leading causes of
under 5 deaths in India include: neonatal conditions (33%), pneumonia (22%) and diarrhea (14%). Children
are most susceptible to diseases and injuries caused by adverse living environments as typically found in
many slums across India.
Census 2011 of India has defined a slum as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human
habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings,
narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any
combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health. For the purpose of
identification of slums in census, slums have been classified as notified slums, recognized slums and
identified slums.

34% of slum households in India do not have a latrine in their premises; 65.3% of slum households in India
get drinking water from a tap that is from a treated source and 56.7% slum households have this facility
available within their premises (Census 2011). Children of the urban poor have a dismal school attendance
record: 61.3% (6-17 years, male) and 59.2% (6-17 years, female). This is in contrast to the attendance
record of other non-poor urban children in the same age group: 83.7% (male) and 83% (female)
respectively.

When basic amenities are absent, children are denied the right to an adequate standard of living as well as
the right to a healthy and productive life. Deaths of children living in adverse environments such as in city
slums of low-income countries are often the direct result of contamination of water, inadequate sanitation
and lack of solid waste disposal due to diarrheal and related diseases

Further, children in crowded urban areas with high vehicular traffic are susceptible to road traffic injuries.
Lack of consideration to children in urban and transport planning contributes to the problem. Globally in
2004, road traffic injuries were the leading cause of death among youths aged 15–24 years, and the second
leading cause of death for those aged 10–14 years. In addition children in deprived urban settings have
higher rates of psychological and behavior problems and lower educational and occupational expectation
than those from rural areas.

AIM
The aim of this project is to study and understand existing living condition to one such slum and to analyze,
document the issue and finally attempting to solve the problems either by cleaning, rehabilitation or
development.

OBJECTIVE
 To bring in a living environment as one could see in other parts of the urban region in those slums
 To provide an equal opportunities for those slum dwellers in education, occupation, law benefits,
etc.
 To prevent dumping of garbage by reducing wastes and to treat the garbage before exposing on the
environment
 To provide a disease free environment and all basic aminities to those dwellers
 To create communities that could look up on one another for further development.

METHODOLOGY
There is another way of looking at slums, which is not only more creative but also more compassionate
and humanitarian. Slums are parts of the city that constantly reminds us of our moral and social
obligations. They are reminders that another India exists. People loathe slums not just because of the
poverty they display, not just because the slums embarrass them in front of foreign visitors, but also
because the slums look to them like indicators of their backwardness and do not allow them to forget or
deny the poverty and the exploitation on which their prosperity is built. They blow up Rs 40,000 for a
dinner for four persons at a five-star hotel while people scavenge for food outside the hotel. The slums are
reminders of the open wounds of a city
LITERATURE STUDY

 CIDADE DE DEUS, RIO DE JANEIRO

 PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL

CASE STUDY

 DHARAVI SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECT, MUMBAI, INDIA

 IN-SITU SLUM REHABILITATION SCHEME, DELHI, INDIA

SCOPE
 Const. of pakka houses that could last for at least 50 yrs.
 Basic aminities like public toilets , street light , drinking water , garbage disposals , schools , ets.
 Community area that touches all age groups
 Occupational vitality
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH PARADIGMS

SYNOPSIS ON
SLUM REHABILITATION OR REBUILDING

SUBMITTED BY – VISHAL HIRWANI

B.ARCH SEM – IX
ENR. NO. A8304015015