SLUMS

AS A
CONSEQUENCE OF
RAPID URBANISATION
&
INDUSTRIALISATION
&
ITS IMPACT ON URBAN
HOUSING SCENERIO
SLUM

A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement

characterized by sub standard housing and squalor.

All slums lack basic reliable sanitation facilities, supply

of clean water, electricity, law enforcement and other
community based recreational amenities.

Common causes of slum formations are :

>Rapid rural to urban migration,
>Economic stagnation and depression,
>High unemployment
>Poverty
>Informal economy
>Poor planning
>Politics
>Social conflicts.
SRILANKA

Slums came into existence with the expansion of export

trade associated with the rubber boom after World
War II
Colombo became more congested and the city elite
moved out to the suburbs. The central part of Colombo
were occupied with low-income residential areas,
mainly slums.
Slums on the high lands of the old city and shanties
along canal banks and road reserves have emerged.
Half of the population of Colombo has been living for
many years in slums, shanties and other types of low
income settlements. Many of people in slums areas
cannot afford the services provided by the formal
sector because of their educational background. The
slum-dwellers make their livelihood by working as
garbage handlers, cleaners, street vendors and other
as pickpockets, prostitutes and petty thieves of the
migrant population
• The city needs their services for the proper
functioning of various sectors of the urban
economy.
• The informal sector, which is predominantly owned
and run by the people in the low-income areas,
provides the necessary services and goods needed
by the majority of the city in parallel with the
formal sector.
• Most skilled and unskilled labour needed for the
city comes from the informal sector.
• Slums are the urban housing providers at cheap
rent for those who come to city not only for
seeking employment but also for many other
purposes.
• Politically slum dwellers are important because
they could elect and select members of the city
council as well as the higher political
authorities as they hold the majority of votes in the
city.
• Under the impacts of strong political will and
effective housing improvement, regularization,
community development and self-help efforts, the
growth of slums and shanties has been brought
under control,
• Numerous shanty settlements have been
regularized and improved
KIBERA, KENYA AFRICA

Kibera is a division of Nairobi area, Kenya, and

neighbourhood of the city of Nairobi, 6.6 kilometres
from the city centre. Kibera is the largest slum in
Nairobi, and the largest urban slum in Africa. The 2009
Kenya Population and Housing Census reports Kibera's
population as 170,070.

HISTORY

The city of Nairobi, where Kibera is located, was

founded in 1899 when the Uganda Railway line was
built, thereby creating a need for its headquarters and
British colonial offices. The colonial administration
intended to keep Nairobi as a home for Europeans and
temporary migrant workers from Africa and Asia. The
migrant workers were brought into Nairobi on short-
term contracts, as indentured labour, to work in the
service sector, as railway manual labour and to fill
lower-level administrative posts in the colonial
government
The Uganda Railway Line passes through the centre of
the neighbourhood, providing passengers aboard the
train a first hand view of the slum. Kibera has a railway
station, but most residents use buses and matatus to
reach the city centre; carjacking, irresponsible driving,
and poor traffic law enforcement are chronic issues.
Kibera is heavily polluted by human refuse, garbage,
soot, dust, and other wastes. The slum is contaminated
with human and animal faeces, due to the
open sewage system and the frequent use of "flying
toilets”. The lack of sanitation combined with poor
nutrition among residents accounts for many illnesses
and diseases. The Umande Trust, a local NGO, is
building communal toilets that generate methane gas
(biogas) for local residents.
MEXICAN SLUMS

• Once a sprawling slum with a population of 1.2

million, has become more like a suburb.

• It was a pure wasteland

• Slums have filled in Mexico City :

1. Absence of urban planning or

affordable housing extreme

2. Generational poverty and rampant

inequality

3. Due to lack government services.

OBSTACLES :

• They’re on a hill, they built the rough roads

themselves, rubbish and fire trucks can’t gain
access.
• They have to siphon electricity from a
neighbouring community to power their
streetlights.
• Those same neighbours control the only water
source, 200 metres away.
AFTREREFFECTS:
• The economic degradation leads many who live in
Mexican slums to turn to drug dealing to support
themselves and their families.

• Mexican slums become breeding grounds

for drug dealing and gang activity.

• One of the most commonly dealt drugs in

Mexican slums is methamphetamine.

• Approximately eight million people around the

world live in slums, and in Mexico, most of those
people are concentrated on the outskirts of the
Mexican capital.

• Nezo-Chalco-Itza is the world’s largest slum, with

about four million impoverished people living in
it.
NOW :
Once a sprawling slum, Mexico City, has become more
like a suburb.

Thanks to residents' efforts to build a community and

deliver public services.

Though still blighted by its reputation for crime and in

need of more schools and local jobs, its bottom-up
development could be a model for other slums.

They don’t own the land on which they’ve built a

home, but the charter guarantees them housing,
with peace and dignity, and limitations on eviction.
ADVANTAGES

• They clean the city working as cleaners, takes up

garbage & look after small works to make it clean

• The city needs them for its proper function.

• MIG can make use of these people for even daily

wage works. They work for urban dwellers for
cheap rates

• Politically people in slum are very important.

DISADVANTAGES

• Low income, Cannot afford proper service there by

living standards become low.

• Due to their educational background they make

also end up their life as being thieves prostitutes
etc. Thus making it difficult for the urban dwellers
and migrants.

• Among the people in slums, they too have skilled

and unskilled people. The payment for them too
will be very low.
SUBMITTED BY : JEWEL SARA DAN
INSHA ASHOK