Grammar For IELTS - Adjective Full

NO SHORTCUT TO SUCCESS – GRAMMAR FOR IELTS - ADJECTIVE
Ielts khac thuc
GRAMMAR FOR ENGLISH IN USE

ADJECTIVE
RE-EDITTED – AUGUST 2ND 2019
NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

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1. Denefition:
Adjectives are words used to qualify the noun by describing the characteristics/feature
of things or people that nouns that represent
2. Forms:
2.1. Position:
a. before Noun:
- a good student
- an excellent athlete
- a strong boy
b. After linking words/emotional/stative verbs

after verbs such as to be, become, look, feel, grow, seem, appear, sound, find, smell,
get, taste, remain, keep … without any following noun.
- The boy is afraid.
- The woman is asleep.
- The girl is well.
- She soldier looks ill.
Adjectives always go alon, so we cannot say: (Các tí nh từ như trên luôn luôn đứng
một mì nh, do đó chúng ta không thể nói):
- an afraid boy
- an asleep woman
- a well woman
- an ill soldier
If possible, we can say that
Nếu muốn diễn đạt các ýtrên, chúng ta phải nói:
- A frightened woman
- A sleeping boy
- A healthy woman
- A sick soldier
They are adjectives beginning with a-: aware - frightened; afraid; alike – similar;
alive - existing; asleep – sleeping; alone; ashamed; unable; aware; awake exempt;
content
- The hound seems afraid.
- Is the girl awake or asleep?
- the temperature of earth is becoming warmer and warmer.

- The rate of unemployment in the UK remains below 34% in 2014.
- a decreased number of rare animals was alive (# there was a decrease in the number
of living animals.)
- People should keep silent in public space/places.
- I feel/am fascinating for help those from pooer backgrounds.
It seems/appears reasonable to argue that giving money to the poor decreases to
motives to create wealth.
Note: S + find/make/render/keep + (adv) adj

 She found learning English with foreign teachers rather interesting.
 Keep working hard for your target set if you want make your work more
rewarding and fascinating.
c. Other cases
When two gradable adjectives come before the noun, we can put either a comma or
and between them. Compare:
- an attractive, big garden and an attractive and big garden
Two colour adjectives have and between them:
- Sweden’s yellow and blue flag (not…yellow, blue flag)
Two ungradable adjectives have and between them if they are from the same class,
but and is not used if they are from different classes. Compare:
- a financial and political conditions and improving financial conditions
d. Study the word order when a to-infinitive or prepositional phrase follows an

adjective:
It’s a difficult word to say It’s an identical car to mine
It’s a word (that is) difficult to say It’s a car (that is) to mine
It’s a difficult-to-say word It’s an indentical-to-mine car – wrong
e. but can be used in the parallel structure as and for IELTS Writing Task 1.
The rate of unemployment in the UK experienced a sharp but steady increase from the
1990s.
2.2. Function
a. Adjectives of description: nice, green, blue, big, good...
- a large room
- a charming woman
- a new plane
- a white pen
- a large proportion
- a high number
These adjectives can be use in comparison form or go with adverbs of manner such as
very, rather, so, pretty, quite, somewhat, nearly, almost, …
small smaller smallest
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
very old, so hot, extremely good
I have a so interesting book in terms of IELTS.

The percentage of unemployed people in the UK was slightly/rather higher than in the
US.
A more significant percentage of UK students learning in social sciences than its
counterpart in America.
b. cardinals (số đếm) such as one, two, three, … and ordinals (số thứ tự) such as
first, second, third, …last.
- China has abandoned the one-child policy to impair the ever-increasing growth of
population.
- Over three-decade period, the number of two-car families in Britain increased to
25%.
- The first reason for environmental pollution is human activitiy, while an increased
number of fuel-engined vehicles is the second culprit.
c. For the directives like this, that, these, those; possessives (sở hữu cách – ‘ ) and
indefinites such as some, any.
d. Adjectives go after ‘the’ to refer to a social layer or a kind of people. (Một số tính
từ đi sau mạo từ the để chỉ một tầng lớp xã hội/ loại người)
the poor (người nghèo), the blind (người mù), the rich, the deaf, the sick, the
handicapped, the good, the old; ...
Read more in Grammar item: Article
The rich ought to pay higher tax for the government, while the poor need to given
financial support from the wealthier.
(the rich= rich people, the poor = poor people)
The government should provide a special healthcare program for the disadvantaged or
the disabled such as the old, the blind, the deaf.
e. Gradeable and ungradable adjectives:

Gradable adjectives can be used with adverbs such as very or extremely to say that a
thing or person has more or less of a particular quality. Undegradable adjectives
themselves simply ‘to a large degree’and are seldom used with these adverbs, we can
use adverbs such as absolutely or totally.
Adverbs: Gradable adjectives:

Extremely, deeply, fairly, hugely, Angry, big, busy, comfortable, common,
immensely, pretty (informal), rather, happy, important, quiet, rich, strong
really, reasonably, slightly, very
Absolutely, completely, entirely, pretty, Ungradable adjectives:
really, simply, totally, utterly Amazed, awful, dreadful, furious, huge,
impposible, invaluable, terrible, useless,
wonderful.
3. Order of Adjectives
For a variety of adjectives before a noun, we can follow in the following order:
Opinion - tí nh từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Vídụ: beautiful, wonderful, terrible…
nh từ chỉ kích cỡ. Vídụ: big, small, long, short, tall…
Size - tí
Quality – tính từ chỉ chất lượng. Vídụ: good, bad,….
Age - tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Vídụ : old, young, old, new…
Shape – tí nh từ chỉ hình dạng. Vídụ: small, big, medium, large,….
Color - tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Vídụ: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown ….
Origin – tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Vídụ: Japanese, American,
British,Vietnamese…
Material – tính từ chỉ chất liệu . Vídụ: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk…
Purpose – tí nh từ chỉ mục đích, tác dụng. Vídụ: running, wearing, learning,….
Position of adjective:
Opinion  Size  Quality  Age  Shape  Colour  Participle  Origin
 Material  Purpose  Noun
An old plastic container Age + material + noun

A hard red ball Quality + colour + noun
A frightening Korean mask Opinion + origin + noun
A round biscuit tin Shape + purpose (for holding biscuits) +
noun
A small broken plate Size + participle adjective + noun

A useful digital alarm clock Opinion + type + purpose + noun
- a /leather/ handbag/ black
+leather chỉ chất liệu làm bằng da (Material)

-+black chỉ màu sắc (Color)
So, the order called OPSACOMP, noun phrase is arranged in correct manner is a
black leather handbag.
4. Form of compound adjectives (Sự hình thành tính từ ghép)

a. Definition
A compound adjective is formed when two or more adjectives are joined together to
modify the same noun. These terms should be hyphenated to avoid confusion or
ambiguity.
A 16-year girl who is reading a multi-page IELTS book is from a non-public
unverisity.
b. How to write:
When the words are combined together to form a compound adjective, it can be
written:
one word only:

- life + long = lifelong
- car + sick = carsick
Two words combined by hyphens (- dấu gạch nối) ở giữa.
- world + famous = world-famous
Cách viết tính từ ghép được phân loại như trên chỉ cótính tương đối. Một tí nh từ ghép
cóthể được một số người bản ngữ viết códấu gạch nối (-) trong lúc một số người viết
liền nhau hoặc chúng cóthể thay đổi cách viết theo thời gian
nh từ ghép được tạo thành bởi:

c. Cấu tạo: Tí
- Noun + Adjective - Danh từ + tính từ:
 snow-white (trắng như tuyết)
 carsick (say xe)
 world-wide (khắp thế giới)
 noteworthy (đáng chúý)
- Noun + Participle - Danh từ + phân từ

 handmade (làm bằng tay)

 heart-broken (đau lòng)

 heart-warming (chân tình)
- Adverb + Participle - Phótừ + phân từ

 never-defeated (không bị đánh bại)
 outspoken (thẳng thắn)
 well-built (tráng kiện)
 everlasting (vĩnh cửu)
- Adjective + Adjective - Tính từ + tí

nh từ
 blue-black (xanh đen)
 white-hot (cực nóng)
 dark-brown (nâu đậm)
 worldly-wise (từng trải)
d. Tính từ ghép bằng dấu gạch ngang (hyphenated adjectives)

 A four-year-old girl = The girl is four years old.
 A ten-storey building = The building has ten storeys.
 A never-to-be-forgetten memory = The memory will be never forgotten.
Compound adjectives
Compound Adjectives + Periods of Time

Number + N(singular)

A four-week period Giai đoạn 4 tuần

A 5-year interval Chu kì 5 năm
One 4-foot animal Động vật 4 chân
100-page book Cuốn sách trăm trang
5-storey/floor house Ngôi nhà5 tầng
Well-V/ed
Well-balanced Cân bằng
Well-dressed Mặc đẹp, thanh lịch
Well-known Nổi tiếng
Well-disciplined
Well-adjusted
Well-defined Rõ ràng/ đã xác định /rành mạch
Well-organised Tổ chức tốt
Well-managed Quản lí tốt
Well-affected Cóthiện cảm, trung thành
Well-acquainted Quen thân với
Well-advised Khôn ngoan/cẩn thận
Well-appointed Được trang bị đầy đủ
Well-equipped Được trang bị đầy đủ
Well-behaved Cử xử tốt/ cógiáo dục
Well-earned Xứng đáng
Well-educated Cógiáo dục/gia giáo
Well-established Đứng vững trong thời gian dài
Well-done Hoàn thành tốt
Well-fed Cóbữa ăn ngon
Well-formed Đúng đắn, chí nh xác
Well-favoured Duyên dáng, xinh xắn
Well-founded/grounded Có đủ căn cứ/lído
Well-grown Phát triển tốt/cao to
Well-groomed Ăn mặc đẹp
Well-heeled Giàu có
Well-informed Thành thạo, cókiến thức
Well-intentioned Cóthiện chí
Well-judged Xét đoán đúng
Well-disposed/meant
Well-mannered Lịch sự

Well-marked Rõràng
Well-matched Cân xứng
Well-natured Hiền lành, tốt bụng
Well-off Sung túc/giàu có
Well-organised Tiện lợi
Well-ordered Cótrật tự/ngăn nắp
Well-paid Được trả lương hậu hĩnh
Highly earning
High salary
Salary-powered jobs
Well-rounded
Well-regulated Cótí nh kỉ luật
Well-reputated cótiếng tốt
Well-structured Cócấu trúc, mạch lạc
Well-spent Chi tiêu hợp lí
Well-spoken Nói hay
Well-sifted Cóchọn lọc
Well-thought-of Được kí nh trọng/ngưỡng mộ
Well-thought-out Cân nhắc kĩ lưỡng
Well-timed Đúng giờ
Well-to-do Giàu có/thịnh vượng
= prosperous, thriving
Well-tried Đã được thử thách (đáng tin cậy)
Well-versed in sth Từng trải

Past participle + Noun

N+ Theory-centrered major Ngành học tập trung vào lí
driven/oriented/led/based/r Market-driven economy thuyết
elated/run/operated/owned nền kinh tế thị trường
/centred Career- khóa học /thiên về/định
: oriented/driven/focused/re hướng /tập trung vào/liên
lated program/course: quan đến việc làm
Female/male-oriented ngành học thiên về nữ/nam
major:
Export-oriented products: sản phẩm thiên về xuất khẩu
Knowledge-based/driven nên kinh tế tri thức
economy những bài học cógiáo viên
Teacher-led lessons hướng dẫn/dạy
N +based Health-based research: nghiên cứu về sức khỏe
N-related Health/education-related : vấn đề liên quan đên sức

problems khỏe
N-owned Family- công ty của/hoạt động bởi

owned/run/operated gia đình
company
Individual-owned = Trường tư
private school
Non-noun Non-public = private Tư nhân

Non-English countries Những quốc gia không sử
dụng tiếng Anh

Low/high-N Low-protetin foods = Những thức ăn nghèo

Middle/lower-Noun foods are low in protetin protein
To lead a high-carbon life
= a life is high in carbon =
eating meat = non-
vegetarian Những lớp học giữa tháng 3
Mid-March classes Giao dịch với khối lượng
high-volume trading cao
low-cost ticket = cheap = Végiárẻ
affordable
N-powered wind-powered generators Những cổ máy chạy bằng

N – energy gió
N-dependent: Fuel-dependent products Những sản phẩm phụ thuộc
Technology-dependent vào nhiên liệu
life Cuộc sống phụ thuộc vào
công nghệ
N+V-ing Time/fuel/energy/money- Tiết kiệm

N-saving saving
Fuel-saving vehicle Xe cộ kiệm xăng
N-consuming money-consuming activity Hoạt động lãng phí tiền

Fuel-consuming vehicle Xe hao xăng
a complex and time- Quá trình phức tạp và tốn
consuming process thời gian
costly, time-consuming Pháp lí tốn kém tốn thời
legislation gian
energy-consuming labour Lao động tốn nhiều năng
lượng
N-efficient energy/fuel efficient Phương tiện hiệu quả năng
vehicles lượng/ nhiên liệu
energy-efficient light bóng đèn tiết kiệm năng
bulbs lượng

cost-efficient/ cost- biện pháp/ kế hoạch/

effective chương trình hiệu quả về chi
measures/plans/programm phí
es
N-powered/run/operated less efficient coal-fired Thiết bị chạy bằng than đá
N-fuel equipment kém hiệu quả
N-conscious eco-conscious consumers người tiêu dùng cóýthức
health- conscious sinh thái
consumers người tiêu dùng cóýthức về
time-conscious people sức khỏe
brand-conscious người có ý thức về thời
companies gian/ bận rộn
fashion- conscious ông ty cóýthức thương
people/teenagers hiệu
class-conscious người cóýthức thời trang
Ultra-adj ultra-processed food Thức ăn siêu chế biến
ultra-light laptop Laptop siêu nhẹ
ultra-rich people Người siêu già
N-eating/drinking Fish-eating enimals Động vật ăn cá
Man-eating animal Động vật ăn thịt người
N-speaking English-speaking Những quốc gia nói tiếng
N - language countries # non-English- Anh
speaking countries
World-famous/class Nổi tiếng thế giới/xếp
hạng thế giới
N-class Nation-class heritage Di tí ch tầm cỡ quốc gia
N – nation, region, city, World-class university Truwonfgd dại học tầm cỡ
world thế giới
Must-V A must-have book Một cuốn sách phải có
A must-do job Mọt công việc phải làm
A must-read book Sách phải ọc
Already-adj Already-ill/rich people Những người đã mắc
Newly-adj Already-stretched bệnh/giàu sẵn
pressure/resources Nguồn lực/ áp lực vốn đã
A newly-built school kéo dài
Newly-rich families Một nguôi trường mới xây
Một gia đình mới giàu có

a already strained Bầu không khí vốn đã căng

atmosphere, thẳng/ mệt mỏi/ không thoải
mái
N-inducing Human-inducing Những hậu quả do con
consequences người gây ra
N-causing Cancer-causing chemicals Những hóa chất gây ung thư
Human-caused factors Yếu tố do con người
Less-adj Less-well-off Những người ít giàu có hơn
families/people
Những người kém hiểu biết
Less-intelligent/talented hơn
students = lower learners
N-free Interest-free loan Khoản vay không lãi suất

Cuộc sống không căng
Stress-free life thẳng/áp lực
Waste-free environment Môi trường khổng rác thải
Non-smoking Nhà không khói thuốc
homes/households
a non-drinking, non- một người cuồng tập thể dục
smoking fitness fanatic không uống rượu, không hút
thuốc
Multi-N/adj Multi-storey block of Khu nhànhiều tầng
houses Công ty đa quốc gia
Multi-nation companies Trài nghiệm đa văn hóa
Multi-cultural experience Kĩ năng đa năng/ hệ điều
Multi-tasking (n) skills hanfhd da nhiệm
operating system Nữ diễn viên đa năng
Multi-talented actress Áo nhiều màu
multi-coloured wearshirt Thuốc đa vitamin
multi-vitamin pill Xã hội đa sắc tộc
a multi-ethnic society Công nhân/ chuyên gia đa kĩ
multi-skilled năng
worker/professionals Máy dọn dẹp đa năng
multi-purpose cleaner
Cross-adj Cross-national campaign Chiến lược toàn quốc

= nationwide campaign Chiến dịch xuyên quốc gia

Cross-world = worldwide
Cross-cultural Trải nghiệm/Trao đổi giao
experience/exchanges thoa văn hóa
Cross-country Các tuyến / chuyến bay
routes/flights xuyên quốc gia
Cross-border Buôn bán xuyên biên giới
trade/business
Inter-adj Inter-personal skill Kĩ năng tương tác cá
Inter-communal roads nhân/giao tiếp
Inter-provincial road Những tuyến đường bộ liên
Inter-state road xã
Inter-governmental body Đường liên tỉnh
an interdepartmental Đường liên bang
meeting Cơ quan đoàn thể liên chính
phủ
Cuộc họp liên ngành
N-generating Income-generating Những hoạt động/lĩnh vực
activities/domains tạo ra thu nhập
N-producing/making Coffee-producing/making Những tỉnh sản xuất cả phê
provinces Những nước xuất khẩu dầu
Oil-making
Money-making tool Công cụ kiếm tiền
N-importing/exporting Rice-importing/exporting Những nước nhập khẩu/xuất
countries khẩu gạo
N-haired/eyed Blue-eyed man Người đàn ông mắt canh
N – colours Red-haired author Tác giả tóc đỏ
N-coloured flesh-coloured tights quần màu thịt/da
coffee-coloured T-shirt sơ mi màu cà phê
rose-coloured glasses = kính màu hồng
rose-coloured spectacles
N-like Earth-like planet Một hành tinh giống trái đất
English-bearing Hành tinh/ ngôi sao giống
planet/star trái đất
N-shaped Con-shaped Ngọn núi hình nón
V-shaped room/house Ngôi nhà hình chữ V
egg-shaped fruit Trái cây hình quả trứng
N-style Japan-style tea Tràkiểu Nhật
Quản lí the kiểu người Nhật
Japanese-style nội thất kiểu cổ

management Trung tâm mua sắm kiểu
antique-style furniture Mỹ
American-style shopping
malls
N-written Handwritten letters # Thư viết tay
email
Self-N Self-study approach/book Phương pháp tiến cận/ sách
ˌself-adˌministered tự học
ˈpension lương hưu tự quản
self-addressed envelope phong bì tự ghi địa chỉ
Same-N Same gender couple Cặp đôi cùng giới

same-day delivery of all Giao hàng cùng ngày
goods Hôn nhân đồng giới
same-sex ˈmarriage
same-age friends Những người bạn cùng tuổi
Well-V3/ed Well-done steak Bít tết được nấu ngon
Well-balanced diet/meal Chế độ ăn/ bữa ăn cân bằng
happy, well-balanced những đứa trẻ khoẻ mạnh,
children phát triển cân bằng
Happy, well-adjusted, một đứa trẻ khỏe mạnh/
child thích ứng tốt
a quiet, well-adjusted man một người đàn ông trầm
lặng, thích ứng tốt
(perfectly) well-mannered một đứa trẻ cư xử tốt
child
Well-behaved những đứa trẻ cực kỳ ngoan
Incredibly well-behaved ngoãn
children
Excruciatingly well- thời niên thiếu cư xử cực kì
behaved adolescence tốt
Well-educated and highly công nhân được giáo dục tốt
motivated workerswell- và có động lực cao
behaved child
Well-conducted students những học sinh đoan chính/
lịch thiệp/ có đạo đức tốt

a very well-connected gia đình có quan hệ với

family những người giàu có
a physically well-
developed teenager một thanh niên phát triển tốt
thể chất
an attractive, well-dressed một phụ nữ trẻ hấp dẫn, ăn
young woman mặc đẹp
university-educated Người có trình độ đại học

people = university-level
people = people attaining
education at a tertiary
level
Adv-adj Beautifully-dressed man Người ăn mặc đẹp
N-intensive Carbon-intensive ngành nghề cần nhiều

industries carbon
labor-intensive industry ngành cần nhiều sức lao
a labor-intensive process động
knowledge-intensive quá trình cần nhiều sức lao
society/economy động
xã hội tri thức/ cần lao động
có tri thức
5. Prefixes and Suffixes

Suffixes Meaning Examples
-able/-ible can be done, capable of Drinkable, employable,
doing sth knowledgeable
Flexible, compatible
-al relating to (thuộc về) Formal, (ab)normal,
accidental, regional
-en having the characteristics Broken, golden, wooden
of (material - vật liệu)
-ary Relating to quality or Momentary,

place complimentary,
customary, voluntary
-ese Relating to language, Vietnamese, Chinese,
people of a nation. Japanese
-ful full of Forgetful, helpful, useful,
meaningful. Beautiful
-i Relating to a nation/region Iraqi, Paistani, Yemeni
-ic having the characteristics Classic, Islamic, poetric,
of economic, dynamic
-ish origin, nature Childish, British, Spanish
-ive having the nature of Active, passive,
productive
-ian of or relating to...people, Canadian, Malaysian,
nationality Peruvian
-less without Homeless, hopeless,
useless, careless
-ly like Daily, monthly, yearly
-ous quality, nature Cautious, famous,
neverous.
Poinsonous
-y like Rainy, funny, dirty,
messy, cloudy, sunny,
windy
-like like Warlike, birdlike,
ladylike, lifelike, childlike
Ical having the nature of Logical, practical,
magical, statistical,
historical, alphabetical

Prefixes Meaning Examples

Un- Without Unhappy, unethical
Non- Non-public, non-
academic,
Non-allergic, non-
a- as a negative prefix Apolitical, asexual
always begin with
a consonant.
Im- as a negative prefix Immoral, imcompatiblem
always begin with the imperfect, impossible
letter m or p.
Il- as a negative prefix Illegal, illegitimate,
always begin with the illiterate, illogical
letter l.
Ir- as a negative prefix Irregular, irresponsible
always begin with the
letter r.
In- as a negative prefix can Inaccurate, inorganic,
begin with a vowel indecent, ineligible
(except i or u) or a
consonant.
6. Participle Adjectives
a. We can use some participles immediately after nouns in order to identify or define
the noun. This use is similar to defining relative clauses
A cheer went up from the crowds watching (or… the crows that were watching)
We had to pay for the rooms used (or … the rooms that were used)
The victims in the burning buildings are needing your help (…in the buildings that are
burning)

- A few participles are used immediately after noums, but rarely before them.
- None of the candidates applying was accepted (but not … the applying candidates)
- My watch was among the things taken. (but not … the taken things)
- Most of young students are facing threats of employment posed by abundant market.
Others such as caused, found, provided, used.
Some adjecties can be used before or immediately after nouns. We can say:
- Rub the area infected with this antiseptic cream or
- Rub the infected area with this antiseptic cream.\
- Those with first-hand experience should pursue their chosen profession.
- Those with first-hand experience should pursue their profession chosen.
Others such as affected, broken cosen, identified interestd, remaning, resulting, stolen.
There are the differences between the following parits of adjectives:
Or/No Verbs V-ed V-ing

1 Amaze Amazed
2 Alarm Alarmed
3 Aggravate Aggravated
4 Annoy Annoyed
5 Astonish Astonished
6 Astound Astounded
7 Bewilder Bewildered
8 Bore Bored
9 Captivate Captivated
10 Challenge Challenged
11 Charm Charmed
12 Comfort Comforted
13 Concern Concerned
14 Confuse Confused
15 Convince Convinced
16 Depress Depressed
17 Devastate Devastated
18 Deteriorate Deteriorated
19 Develop Developed
20 Decrease Decreased
21 Disappoint Disappointed
22 Discourage Discouraged
23 Disgust Disgusted
24 Embarrass Embarrassed
25 Enchant Enchanted
26 Encourage Encouraged
27 Enegise Enegised
28 Entertain Entertained
29 Exasperate Exasperated
30 Ehaust Exhausted
31 Excite Excited
32 Fascinate Fasincated
33 Flatter Flattered
34 Frustrate Frustrated
35 Frighten Frightened
36 Fulfull Fulfilled
37 Grafified Gratified
38 Horrify Horrified
39 Humiliarate Humiliarated
40 Improve Improved
41 Impair Impaired Imparing
42 Increase Increased Increasing
43 Inspire Inspired
44 Insult Insulted
45 Interest Interested
46 Intrigue Intrigued
47 Irrirate Irrirated
48 Miss Missed
49 Mystify Mystified
50 Move Moved
51 Overwhelm Overwhelmed
52 Perplex Perplexed
53 Perturb Perturbed
54 Please Pleased

55 Puzzle Puzzled
56 Relax Relaxed
57 Satisfy Satisfied
58 Shock Shocked
59 Sicken Sickened
60 Sooth Soothed
61 Surprise Surprised
62 Threaten Threatened
63 Thrill Thrilled
64 Tire Tired
65 Touch Touched
66 Trouble Troubled
67 Unnerve Unnerved
68 Unsettle Unsettled
69 Upset Upset
70 Worry Worried
When we use these adjective to describe how someone feels about something, the -ing
adjectives describe the ‘something’ – a suprising decision, and the -ed adjextices
describe the ‘someone’ – I was surprised. Compare:
I am pleased with the result It is a pleasing reault
The bored children started to get restless The play was really boring
In formal English, that and those can be used before a particular adjective:
- The office temperature is lower than that (the temperature) required by law.
- Here is some advice for those (= people) preparing to on on holiday.
In examples like this, those normally means ‘people’ – những người.
Note: There are some adverbs with form -ly, including the following common ones:
Allegedly, belatedly, contentedly, dejectedly, deservedly, excitedly, hurriedly,
markedly, pointedly, repeatedly, reported, reputed, supposedly, unexpectedly,
undoubtedly, wholeheartedly, wickedly.
Ex: The weather had turned unexpectedly stormy.

Some adverbs have two forms, one ending -ly and the other not. We can sometimes
use either of the two forms of the adverb without changing the meaning, although the
form ending in -ly is more usual in a formal style:
- I’ll be there as quick(ly) as I can
- Try to sing loud(ly) in the last verse.
Other words like this include cheap(ly), clean(ly), clear(ly), fine(ly), slow(ly), thin(ly).


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NO SHORTCUT TO SUCCESS – GRAMMAR FOR IELTS - ADJECTIVE

Ielts khac thuc

GRAMMAR FOR ENGLISH IN USE

RE-EDITTED – AUGUST 2ND 2019

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

b. After linking words/emotional/stative verbs

- the temperature of earth is becoming warmer and warmer.

Note: S + find/make/render/keep + (adv) adj

d. Study the word order when a to-infinitive or prepositional phrase follows an

I have a so interesting book in terms of IELTS.

e. Gradeable and ungradable adjectives:

Adverbs: Gradable adjectives:

An old plastic container Age + material + noun

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

A useful digital alarm clock Opinion + type + purpose + noun

- a /leather/ handbag/ black

+leather chỉ chất liệu làm bằng da (Material)

4. Form of compound adjectives (Sự hình thành tính từ ghép)

one word only:

nh từ ghép được tạo thành bởi:

- Noun + Participle - Danh từ + phân từ

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

 heart-broken (đau lòng)

- Adverb + Participle - Phótừ + phân từ

- Adjective + Adjective - Tính từ + tí

d. Tính từ ghép bằng dấu gạch ngang (hyphenated adjectives)

Compound Adjectives + Periods of Time

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

A four-week period Giai đoạn 4 tuần

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

Past participle + Noun

N +based Health-based research: nghiên cứu về sức khỏe

N-related Health/education-related : vấn đề liên quan đên sức

N-owned Family- công ty của/hoạt động bởi

Non-noun Non-public = private Tư nhân

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

Low/high-N Low-protetin foods = Những thức ăn nghèo

N-powered wind-powered generators Những cổ máy chạy bằng

N+V-ing Time/fuel/energy/money- Tiết kiệm

N-consuming money-consuming activity Hoạt động lãng phí tiền

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

cost-efficient/ cost- biện pháp/ kế hoạch/

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

a already strained Bầu không khí vốn đã căng

N-free Interest-free loan Khoản vay không lãi suất

Cross-adj Cross-national campaign Chiến lược toàn quốc

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

Japanese-style nội thất kiểu cổ

Same-N Same gender couple Cặp đôi cùng giới

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

a very well-connected gia đình có quan hệ với

university-educated Người có trình độ đại học

Adv-adj Beautifully-dressed man Người ăn mặc đẹp

N-intensive Carbon-intensive ngành nghề cần nhiều

5. Prefixes and Suffixes

-ary Relating to quality or Momentary,

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

Prefixes Meaning Examples

NGUYỄN KHẮC THỨC

There are the differences between the following parits of adjectives:

Or/No Verbs V-ed V-ing